1
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Caulier B, Joaquina S, Gelebart P, Dowling TH, Kaveh F, Thomas M, Tandaric L, Wernhoff P, Katyayini NU, Wogsland C, Gjerstad ME, Fløisand Y, Kvalheim G, Marr C, Kobold S, Enserink JM, Gjertsen BT, McCormack E, Inderberg EM, Wälchli S. CD37 is a safe chimeric antigen receptor target to treat acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101572. [PMID: 38754420 PMCID: PMC11228397 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood. Nearly half of the AML patients relapse after standard induction therapy, and new forms of therapy are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy has so far not been successful in AML due to lack of efficacy and safety. Indeed, the most attractive antigen targets are stem cell markers such as CD33 or CD123. We demonstrate that CD37, a mature B cell marker, is expressed in AML samples, and its presence correlates with the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 risk stratification. We repurpose the anti-lymphoma CD37CAR for the treatment of AML and show that CD37CAR T cells specifically kill AML cells, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, and control cancer progression in vivo. Importantly, CD37CAR T cells display no toxicity toward hematopoietic stem cells. Thus, CD37 is a promising and safe CAR T cell AML target.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Animals
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice
- Tetraspanins/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Female
- Male
- Antigens, Neoplasm
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pascal Gelebart
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tara Helén Dowling
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Kaveh
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Moritz Thomas
- Institue of AI for Health, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Luka Tandaric
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patrik Wernhoff
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niveditha Umesh Katyayini
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cara Wogsland
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - May Eriksen Gjerstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yngvar Fløisand
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institue of AI for Health, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Else Marit Inderberg
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Section for Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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2
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Sastre DE, Sultana N, V A S Navarro M, Huliciak M, Du J, Cifuente JO, Flowers M, Liu X, Lollar P, Trastoy B, Guerin ME, Sundberg EJ. Human gut microbes express functionally distinct endoglycosidases to metabolize the same N-glycan substrate. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5123. [PMID: 38879612 PMCID: PMC11180146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteroidales (syn. Bacteroidetes) are prominent members of the human gastrointestinal ecosystem mainly due to their efficient glycan-degrading machinery, organized into gene clusters known as polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). A single PUL was reported for catabolism of high-mannose (HM) N-glycan glyco-polypeptides in the gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, encoding a surface endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase), BT3987. Here, we discover an ENGase from the GH18 family in B. thetaiotaomicron, BT1285, encoded in a distinct PUL with its own repertoire of proteins for catabolism of the same HM N-glycan substrate as that of BT3987. We employ X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry-based activity measurements, alanine scanning mutagenesis and a broad range of biophysical methods to comprehensively define the molecular mechanism by which BT1285 recognizes and hydrolyzes HM N-glycans, revealing that the stabilities and activities of BT1285 and BT3987 were optimal in markedly different conditions. BT1285 exhibits significantly higher affinity and faster hydrolysis of poorly accessible HM N-glycans than does BT3987. We also find that two HM-processing endoglycosidases from the human gut-resident Alistipes finegoldii display condition-specific functional properties. Altogether, our data suggest that human gut microbes employ evolutionary strategies to express distinct ENGases in order to optimally metabolize the same N-glycan substrate in the gastroinstestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Sastre
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nazneen Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Structural Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcos V A S Navarro
- Institute of Physics (IFSC-USP), University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Center for Innovative Proteomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maros Huliciak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Javier O Cifuente
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Maria Flowers
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pete Lollar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beatriz Trastoy
- Structural Glycoimmunology Laboratory, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marcelo E Guerin
- Structural Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona (IBMB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, c/Baldiri Reixac 4-8, Tower R, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eric J Sundberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Kang T, Budhraja R, Kim J, Joshi N, Garapati K, Pandey A. Global O-glycoproteome enrichment and analysis enabled by a combinatorial enzymatic workflow. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100744. [PMID: 38582075 PMCID: PMC11046030 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive analysis of site-specific protein O-glycosylation is hindered by the absence of a consensus O-glycosylation motif, the diversity of O-glycan structures, and the lack of a universal enzyme that cleaves attached O-glycans. Here, we report the development of a robust O-glycoproteomic workflow for analyzing complex biological samples by combining four different strategies: removal of N-glycans, complementary digestion using O-glycoprotease (IMPa) with/without another protease, glycopeptide enrichment, and mass spectrometry with fragmentation of glycopeptides using stepped collision energy. Using this workflow, we cataloged 474 O-glycopeptides on 189 O-glycosites derived from 79 O-glycoproteins from human plasma. These data revealed O-glycosylation of several abundant proteins that have not been previously reported. Because many of the proteins that contained unannotated O-glycosylation sites have been extensively studied, we wished to confirm glycosylation at these sites in a targeted fashion. Thus, we analyzed selected purified proteins (kininogen-1, fetuin-A, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein E, and plasminogen) in independent experiments and validated the previously unknown O-glycosites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewook Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jinyong Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neha Joshi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kishore Garapati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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4
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Ren X, Lin S, Guan F, Kang H. Glycosylation Targeting: A Paradigm Shift in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2607-2621. [PMID: 38725856 PMCID: PMC11077373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.93806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown great potential in cancer treatment. However, even with the intervention of techniques such as immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, tumors can still achieve immune escape, leading to a low response rate. Abnormal glycosylation is a widely recognized hallmark of cancer. The development of a complex "glyco-code" on the surface of tumor cells can potentially influence the immune system's ability to monitor tumors and can impact the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, abnormal glycosylation has emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy. Many recent studies have shown that targeted glycosylation can reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote the immune response, thereby improving the response to immunotherapy. This review summarizes how glycosylation affects anti-tumor immune function in the TME and synthesizes the latest research progress on targeted glycosylation in immunotherapy. It is hoped that by elucidating the basic laws and biological connotations of glycosylation, this review will enable researcher to thoroughly analyze the mechanism of its influence on the immune metabolic regulation network, which will provide a theoretical tool for promoting the clinical application of glycosylation codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Ren
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huafeng Kang
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Chan SM, Raglow Z, Pal A, Gitlin SD, Legendre M, Thomas D, Mehta RK, Tan M, Nyati MK, Rehemtulla A, Markovitz DM. A molecularly engineered lectin destroys EGFR and inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585535. [PMID: 38562773 PMCID: PMC10983887 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain low despite the advent of novel therapeutics. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC have significantly improved mortality but are plagued with challenges--they can only be used in the small fraction of patients who have susceptible driver mutations, and resistance inevitably develops. Aberrant glycosylation on the surface of cancer cells is an attractive therapeutic target as these abnormal glycosylation patterns are typically specific to cancer cells and are not present on healthy cells. H84T BanLec (H84T), a lectin previously engineered by our group to separate its antiviral activity from its mitogenicity, exhibits precision binding of high mannose, an abnormal glycan present on the surface of many cancer cells, including NSCLC. Here, we show that H84T binds to and inhibits the growth of diverse NSCLC cell lines by inducing lysosomal degradation of EGFR and leading to cancer cell death through autophagy. This is a mechanism distinct from EGFR TKIs and is independent of EGFR mutation status; H84T inhibited proliferation of both cell lines expressing wild type EGFR and those expressing mutant EGFR that is resistant to all TKIs. Further, H84T binds strongly to multiple and diverse clinical samples of both pulmonary adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. H84T is thus a promising potential therapeutic in NSCLC, with the ability to circumvent the challenges currently faced by EGFR TKIs.
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6
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Mercanoglu B, Karstens KF, Giannou AD, Meiners J, Lücke J, Seeger P, Brackrock V, Güngör C, Izbicki JR, Bockhorn M, Hackert T, Melling N, Wolters-Eisfeld G. A Comprehensive Analysis of Tn and STn Antigen Expression in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:240. [PMID: 38254730 PMCID: PMC10814236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Differential glycosylation, marked by the presence of truncated O-glycans, is a distinctive feature of epithelial-derived cancers. However, there is a notable gap in research regarding the expression of Tn and STn antigens in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To address this, we employed commercially available antibodies, previously validated for Tn and STn antigens, to analyze two cohorts of EAC tissues. Initially, large-area tissue sections from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) EAC and corresponding healthy tissues were subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and scoring. Subsequently, we evaluated the RNA expression levels of crucial O-glycosylation related genes-C1GALT1 and C1GALT1C1-using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In a comprehensive analysis, a substantial cohort of EAC tissues (n = 311 for Tn antigen, n = 351 for STn antigen) was investigated and correlated with clinicopathological data. Our findings revealed that Tn and STn antigens are highly expressed (approximately 71% for both) in EAC, with this expression being tumor-specific. Notably, Tn antigen expression correlates significantly with the depth of tumor cell infiltration (p = 0.026). These antigens emerge as valuable markers and potential therapeutic targets for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Mercanoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Karl-Frederick Karstens
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Anastasios D. Giannou
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Meiners
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jöran Lücke
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
- Section of Molecular Immunology und Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Seeger
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Vera Brackrock
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Cenap Güngör
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Jakob R. Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Oldenburg, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany (A.D.G.); (J.L.); (C.G.); (J.R.I.); (M.B.); (T.H.); (N.M.)
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7
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Hale RC, Morais D, Chou J, Stowell SR. The role of glycosylation in clinical allergy and immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:55-66. [PMID: 37717626 PMCID: PMC10872775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
While glycans are among the most abundant macromolecules on the cell with widespread functions, their role in immunity has historically been challenging to study. This is in part due to difficulties assimilating glycan analysis into routine approaches used to interrogate immune cell function. Despite this, recent developments have illuminated fundamental roles for glycans in host immunity. The growing field of glycoimmunology continues to leverage new tools and approaches to uncover the function of glycans and glycan-binding proteins in immunity. Here we utilize clinical vignettes to examine key roles of glycosylation in allergy, inborn errors of immunity, and autoimmunity. We will discuss the diverse functions of glycans as epitopes, as modulators of antibody function, and as regulators of immune cell function. Finally, we will highlight immune modulatory therapies that harness the critical role of glycans in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Hale
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Dominique Morais
- Department of Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Janet Chou
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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8
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Hadiloo K, Taremi S, Heidari M, Esmaeilzadeh A. The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors. Biomark Res 2023; 11:103. [PMID: 38017494 PMCID: PMC10685521 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, adoptive cell therapy has many successes in cancer therapy, and this subject is brilliant in using chimeric antigen receptor T cells. The CAR T cell therapy, with its FDA-approved drugs, could treat several types of hematological malignancies and thus be very attractive for treating solid cancer. Unfortunately, the CAR T cell cannot be very functional in solid cancers due to its unique features. This treatment method has several harmful adverse effects that limit their applications, so novel treatments must use new cells like NK cells, NKT cells, and macrophage cells. Among these cells, the CAR macrophage cells, due to their brilliant innate features, are more attractive for solid tumor therapy and seem to be a better candidate for the prior treatment methods. The CAR macrophage cells have vital roles in the tumor microenvironment and, with their direct effect, can eliminate tumor cells efficiently. In addition, the CAR macrophage cells, due to being a part of the innate immune system, attended the tumor sites. With the high infiltration, their therapy modulations are more effective. This review investigates the last achievements in CAR-macrophage cells and the future of this immunotherapy treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Siavash Taremi
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Heidari
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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9
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Resnik N, Višnjar T, Smrkolj T, Kreft ME, Romih R, Zupančič D. Selective targeting of lectins and their macropinocytosis in urothelial tumours: translation from in vitro to ex vivo. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:435-452. [PMID: 37535087 PMCID: PMC10624759 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer can be treated by intravesical application of therapeutic agents, but the specific targeting of cancer urothelial cells and the endocytotic pathways of the agents are not known. During carcinogenesis, the superficial urothelial cells exhibit changes in sugar residues on the apical plasma membranes. This can be exploited for selective targeting from the luminal side of the bladder. Here we show that the plant lectins Jacalin (from Artocarpus integrifolia), ACA (from Amaranthus caudatus) and DSA (from Datura stramonium) selectively bind to the apical plasma membrane of low- (RT4) and high-grade (T24) cancer urothelial cells in vitro and urothelial tumours ex vivo. The amount of lectin binding was significantly different between RT4 and T24 cells. Endocytosis of lectins was observed only in cancer urothelial cells and not in normal urothelial cells. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed macropinosomes, endosome-like vesicles and multivesicular bodies filled with lectins in RT4 and T24 cells and also in cells of urothelial tumours ex vivo. Endocytosis of Jacalin and ACA in cancer cells was decreased in vitro after addition of inhibitor of macropinocytosis 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) and increased after stimulation of macropinocytosis with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Clathrin, caveolin and flotillin did not colocalise with lectins. These results confirm that the predominant mechanism of lectin endocytosis in cancer urothelial cells is macropinocytosis. Therefore, we propose that lectins in combination with conjugated therapeutic agents are promising tools for improved intravesical therapy by targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Resnik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Višnjar
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Smrkolj
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Romih
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov Trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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10
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Ying H, Li ZQ, Li MP, Liu WC. Metabolism and senescence in the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: focus on new therapeutic strategies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217669. [PMID: 37497349 PMCID: PMC10366376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive and metastatic malignant tumor. It has the highest incidence of all malignant bone tumors and is one of the most common solid tumors in children and adolescents. Osteosarcoma tissues are often richly infiltrated with inflammatory cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, forming a complex immune microenvironment. The expression of immune checkpoint molecules is also high in osteosarcoma tissues, which may be involved in the mechanism of anti-tumor immune escape. Metabolism and senescence are closely related to the immune microenvironment, and disturbances in metabolism and senescence may have important effects on the immune microenvironment, thereby affecting immune cell function and immune responses. Metabolic modulation and anti-senescence therapy are gaining the attention of researchers as emerging immunotherapeutic strategies for tumors. Through an in-depth study of the interconnection of metabolism and anti- senescence in the tumor immune microenvironment and its regulatory mechanism on immune cell function and immune response, more precise therapeutic strategies can be developed. Combined with the screening and application of biomarkers, personalized treatment can be achieved to improve therapeutic efficacy and provide a scientific basis for clinical decision-making. Metabolic modulation and anti- senescence therapy can also be combined with other immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumor vaccines, to form a multi-level and multi-dimensional immunotherapy strategy, thus further enhancing the effect of immunotherapy. Multidisciplinary cooperation and integrated treatment can optimize the treatment plan and maximize the survival rate and quality of life of patients. Future research and clinical practice will further advance this field, promising more effective treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma. In this review, we reviewed metabolic and senescence characteristics in the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma and related immunotherapies, and provide a reference for development of more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ying
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Meng-Pan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Cai Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Gillmann KM, Temme JS, Marglous S, Brown CE, Gildersleeve JC. Anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies: Basic research and clinical applications. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102281. [PMID: 36905763 PMCID: PMC10732169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies have important applications in human health and basic research. Therapeutic antibodies that recognize cancer- or pathogen-associated glycans have been investigated in numerous clinical trials, resulting in two FDA-approved biopharmaceuticals. Anti-glycan antibodies are also utilized to diagnose, prognosticate, and monitor disease progression, as well as to study the biological roles and expression of glycans. High-quality anti-glycan mAbs are still in limited supply, highlighting the need for new technologies for anti-glycan antibody discovery. This review discusses anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies with applications to basic research, diagnostics, and therapeutics, focusing on recent advances in mAbs targeting cancer- and infectious disease-associated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Gillmann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Samantha Marglous
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Claire E Brown
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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12
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Notova S, Imberty A. Tuning specificity and topology of lectins through synthetic biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 73:102275. [PMID: 36796139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immunoglobulin and non-catalytic glycan binding proteins that are able to decipher the structure and function of complex glycans. They are widely used as biomarkers for following alteration of glycosylation state in many diseases and have application in therapeutics. Controlling and extending lectin specificity and topology is the key for obtaining better tools. Furthermore, lectins and other glycan binding proteins can be combined with additional domains, providing novel functionalities. We provide a view on the current strategy with a focus on synthetic biology approaches yielding to novel specificity, but other novel architectures with novel application in biotechnology or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Notova
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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13
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Tian H, Cao J, Li B, Nice EC, Mao H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Managing the immune microenvironment of osteosarcoma: the outlook for osteosarcoma treatment. Bone Res 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36849442 PMCID: PMC9971189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival rate has only shown limited improvement, suggesting that existing therapeutic strategies are insufficient to meet clinical needs. Notably, immunotherapy has shown certain advantages over traditional tumor treatments in inhibiting metastasis. Therefore, managing the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma can provide novel and valuable insight into the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity and progression of the disease. Additionally, given the advances in nanomedicine, there exist many advanced nanoplatforms for enhanced osteosarcoma immunotherapy with satisfactory physiochemical characteristics. Here, we review the classification, characteristics, and functions of the key components of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma. This review also emphasizes the application, progress, and prospects of osteosarcoma immunotherapy and discusses several nanomedicine-based options to enhance the efficiency of osteosarcoma treatment. Furthermore, we examine the disadvantages of standard treatments and present future perspectives for osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Tian
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Bowen Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Haijiao Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Viability variation of T-cells under ultrasound exposure according to adhesion condition with bubbles. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2023; 50:121-129. [PMID: 36633723 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-022-01277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cellular immunotherapy is expected as a new cancer treatment, its therapeutic efficiency is limited in solid tumors, because most cells return to the bloodstream rather than adhere to the target site. Therefore, we are motivated to develop a technique to concentrate the cells in the blood flow using active control of bubble-surrounded cells under ultrasound exposure considering both aspects of cell controllability and viability. METHODS We prepared a lipid bubble conjugating ligand to adhere to the surface of the T-cells. First, we evaluated the cell controllability by retaining the cells on a wall of an artificial blood vessel through continuous ultrasound exposure. Next, we investigated the cell viability under ultrasound exposure in a suspension with various bubble concentrations. RESULTS We estimated the concentration of bubbles when the adhesion to the cell surface was saturated. Then, we evaluated the cell viability with various conditions of ultrasound exposure and bubble concentrations. However, it was confirmed that cell damage occurred under conditions that achieved proper control of the cells. Therefore, we exposed the cells to burst waves to reduce the applied ultrasound intensity. Consequently, the significant increase in cell viability was confirmed to be inversely proportional to the duty ratio. CONCLUSION To retain cells on a vessel wall, determining the appropriate ultrasound condition including sound pressure and waveform is important to maintain cell viability.
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15
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Doud EH, Yeh ES. Mass Spectrometry-Based Glycoproteomic Workflows for Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338221148811. [PMID: 36740994 PMCID: PMC9903044 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221148811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation has a clear role in cancer initiation and progression, with numerous studies identifying distinct glycan features or specific glycoproteoforms associated with cancer. Common findings include that aggressive cancers tend to have higher expression levels of enzymes that regulate glycosylation as well as glycoproteins with greater levels of complexity, increased branching, and enhanced chain length1. Research in cancer glycoproteomics over the last 50-plus years has mainly focused on technology development used to observe global changes in glycosylation. Efforts have also been made to connect glycans to their protein carriers as well as to delineate the role of these modifications in intracellular signaling and subsequent cell function. This review discusses currently available techniques utilizing mass spectrometry-based technologies used to study glycosylation and highlights areas for future advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H. Doud
- Center for Proteome Analysis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Yeh
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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16
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McKenna MK, Ozcan A, Brenner D, Watanabe N, Legendre M, Thomas DG, Ashwood C, Cummings RD, Bonifant C, Markovitz DM, Brenner MK. Novel banana lectin CAR-T cells to target pancreatic tumors and tumor-associated stroma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005891. [PMID: 36653070 PMCID: PMC9853244 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell therapies for solid tumors are thwarted by the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) and by heterogeneous expression of tumor target antigens. We address both limitations with a novel class of chimeric antigen receptors based on plant lectins, which recognize the aberrant sugar residues that are a 'hallmark' of both malignant and associated stromal cells. We have expressed in T cells a modified lectin from banana, H84T BanLec, attached to a chimeric antigen receptor (H84T-CAR) that recognizes high-mannose (asparagine residue with five to nine mannoses). Here, we tested the efficacy of our novel H84T CAR in models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), intractable tumors with aberrant glycosylation and characterized by desmoplastic stroma largely contributed by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). METHODS We transduced human T cells with a second-generation retroviral construct expressing the H84T BanLec chimeric receptor, measured T-cell expansion, characterized T-cell phenotype, and tested their efficacy against PDAC tumor cells lines by flow cytometry quantification. In three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models, we measured H84T CAR T-cell disruption of PSC architecture, and T-cell infiltration by live imaging. We tested the activity of H84T CAR T cells against tumor xenografts derived from three PDAC cell lines. Antitumor activity was quantified by caliper measurement and bioluminescence signal and used anti-human vimentin to measure residual PSCs. RESULTS H84T BanLec CAR was successfully transduced and expressed by T cells which had robust expansion and retained central memory phenotype in both CD4 and CD8 compartments. H84T CAR T cells targeted and eliminated PDAC tumor cell lines. They also disrupted PSC architecture in 3D models in vitro and reduced total tumor and stroma cells in mixed co-cultures. H84T CAR T cells exhibited improved T-cell infiltration in multicellular spheroids and had potent antitumor effects in the xenograft models. We observed no adverse effects against normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS T cells expressing H84T CAR target malignant cells and their stroma in PDAC tumor models. The incorporation of glycan-targeting lectins within CARs thus extends their activity to include both malignant cells and their supporting stromal cells, disrupting the TME that otherwise diminishes the activity of cellular therapies against solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K McKenna
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ada Ozcan
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Brenner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Norihiro Watanabe
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maureen Legendre
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dafydd G Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Challice Bonifant
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Markovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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León-Letelier RA, Katayama H, Hanash S. Mining the Immunopeptidome for Antigenic Peptides in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4968. [PMID: 36291752 PMCID: PMC9599891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although harnessing the immune system for cancer therapy has shown success, response to immunotherapy has been limited. The immunopeptidome of cancer cells presents an opportunity to discover novel antigens for immunotherapy applications. These neoantigens bind to MHC class I and class II molecules. Remarkably, the immunopeptidome encompasses protein post-translation modifications (PTMs) that may not be evident from genome or transcriptome profiling. A case in point is citrullination, which has been demonstrated to induce a strong immune response. In this review, we cover how the immunopeptidome, with a special focus on PTMs, can be utilized to identify cancer-specific antigens for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sam Hanash
- Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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