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Zhang H, Chen Q, Niu B. Risk Assessment of Veterinary Drug Residues in Meat Products. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:779-789. [PMID: 32838714 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999200820164650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of the global food safety regulatory system, there is an increasing importance for food safety risk assessment. Veterinary drugs are widely used in poultry and livestock products. The abuse of veterinary drugs seriously threatens human health. This article explains the necessity of risk assessment for veterinary drug residues in meat products, describes the principles and functions of risk assessment, then summarizes the risk assessment process of veterinary drug residues, and then outlines the qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods used in this field. We propose the establishment of a new meat product safety supervision model with a view to improve the current meat product safety supervision system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road 200444, Shanghai, China
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2
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Mouiche MMM, Njingou BZN, Moffo F, Mpouam SE, Feussom JMK, Awah-Ndukum J. Veterinary pharmacovigilance in sub-Sahara Africa context: a pilot study of adverse reactions to veterinary medicine in Cameroon. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:301. [PMID: 31426790 PMCID: PMC6701137 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan African market is highly affected by counterfeit veterinary drugs. Though these counterfeit and non-compliance of drugs can induce adverse effects during their utilization, there is no monitoring system of veterinary medicines. The present pilot study was carried out in Cameroon to identify and describe suspected cases of adverse reactions to veterinary drugs in animals and / or humans as well as inefficacy of veterinary drugs. The methodology involved a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 67 actors in the veterinary medicine sector in Cameroon. RESULTS A total of 74/120 (62%) cases of suspected adverse effects and or lack of efficacy of veterinary drugs in animals and 46 (38%) cases of adverse reactions in humans were identified. Antiparasitics were the most incriminated therapeutic class in animals (61%) and human (56%). Adverse reactions were reported in dogs (44%) and poultry (24%) while drug inefficacy was most observed in poultry (47%). According to animal health professionals, levamisole (24%) and ivermectin (16%) were identified to be responsible for the adverse effects and that the highest level of inefficacy was most frequently reported for oxytetracycline (29%). The main adverse reactions were systemic (22%), gastrointestinal (20%) and neurological (13%) disorders. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that misuse and circulation of poor quality as well as lack of efficacy of veterinary drugs is very common in Cameroon. Adverse reactions were observed in animals and humans. Therefore, the establishment of a national veterinary pharmacovigilance system based on solid legal bases is essential for a continuous assessment of the risks-benefits effects of veterinary drugs marketed in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- MOSAIC, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Badou Zaki Ndouoya Njingou
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Frédéric Moffo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Serge Eugene Mpouam
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Jean Marc Kameni Feussom
- Cameroon Epidemiological Network for Animal Diseases (RESCAM), Directorate of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Julius Awah-Ndukum
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
- College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
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3
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Chapman JL, Porsch L, Vidaurre R, Backhaus T, Sinclair C, Jones G, Boxall ABA. Three methods for integration of environmental risk into the benefit-risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:692-701. [PMID: 28675879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) require, as part of the European Union (EU) authorization process, consideration of both risks and benefits. Uses of VMPs have multiple risks (e.g., risks to the animal being treated, to the person administering the VMP) including risks to the environment. Environmental risks are not directly comparable to therapeutic benefits; there is no standardized approach to compare both environmental risks and therapeutic benefits. We have developed three methods for communicating and comparing therapeutic benefits and environmental risks for the benefit-risk assessment that supports the EU authorization process. Two of these methods support independent product evaluation (i.e., a summative classification and a visual scoring matrix classification); the other supports a comparative evaluation between alternative products (i.e., a comparative classification). The methods and the challenges to implementing a benefit-risk assessment including environmental risk are presented herein; how these concepts would work in current policy is discussed. Adaptability to scientific and policy development is considered. This work is an initial step in the development of a standardized methodology for integrated decision-making for VMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Chapman
- University of York, Environment Department, Heslington, York YO10 5NG, UK.
| | - Lucas Porsch
- Ecologic Institut, Pfalzburger Str. 43-44, 10717 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rodrigo Vidaurre
- Ecologic Institut, Pfalzburger Str. 43-44, 10717 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Chris Sinclair
- FERA Science Ltd., National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | - Glyn Jones
- FERA Science Ltd., National Agri-Food Innovation Campus, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
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4
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Wu D, Huang CJ, Jiao XF, Ding ZM, Zhang JY, Chen F, Wang YS, Li X, Huo LJ. Olaquindox disrupts tight junction integrity and cytoskeleton architecture in mouse Sertoli cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88630-88644. [PMID: 29179463 PMCID: PMC5687633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells, by creating an immune-privileged and nutrition supporting environment, maintain mammalian spermatogenesis and thereby holds the heart of male fertility. Olaquindox, an effective feed additive in livestock industry, could potentially expose human into the risk of biological hazards due to its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, highlighting the significance of determining its bio-safety regarding human reproduction. Herein, we deciphered the detrimental effects of olaquindox on male fertility by mechanistically unraveling how olaquindox intervenes blood-testis barrier in mouse. Olaquindox (400 μg/ml) exposure significantly compromised tight junction permeability function, decreased or dislocated the junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1, occludin and N-cadherin) and attenuated mTORC2 signaling pathway in primary Sertoli cells. Furthermore, olaquindox disrupted F-actin architecture through interfering with the expression of actin branching protein complex (CDC42-N-WASP-Arp3) and actin bunding protein palladin. Olaquindox also triggered severely DNA damage and apoptosis while inhibiting autophagic flux in Sertoli cell presumably due to the exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine effectively ameliorated olaquindox-induced exhaustion of ZO-1 and N-Cadherin proteins, DNA damage and apoptosis. More significantly, olaquindox disrupted the epigenetic status in Sertoli cells with hypermethylation and concomitantly hypoacetylation of H3K9 and H3K27. Overall, our study determines olaquindox targets Sertoli cells to affect BTB function through tight junction proteins and F-actin orgnization, which might disrupt the process of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chun-Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Tomasi S, Roberts KJ, Stull J, Spiller HA, McKenzie LB. Pediatric Exposures to Veterinary Pharmaceuticals. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-1496. [PMID: 28167514 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of veterinary pharmaceutical-related exposures to children based on calls to a regional poison control center. METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric (≤19 years of age) exposures to pharmaceutical products intended for animal use, managed by a regional poison control center from 1999 through 2013, was conducted. Case narratives were reviewed and coded for exposure-related circumstances and intended species. Descriptive statistics were generated. RESULTS From 1999 through 2013, the Central Ohio Poison Center received 1431 calls that related to a veterinary pharmaceutical exposure for children ≤19 years of age. Most of the pediatric calls (87.6%) involved children ≤5 years of age. Exploratory behavior was the most common exposure-related circumstance (61.4%) and ingestion accounted for the exposure route in 93% of cases. Substances commonly associated with exposures included: veterinary drugs without human equivalent (17.3%), antimicrobial agents (14.8%), and antiparasitics (14.6%). Based on substance and quantity, the majority of exposures (96.9%) were not expected to result in long-term or lasting health effects and were managed at home (94.1%). A total of 80 cases (5.6%) were referred to a health care facility, and 2 cases resulted in a moderate health effect. CONCLUSIONS Children ≤5 years of age are most at risk for veterinary pharmaceutical-related exposures. Although most exposures do not result in a serious medical outcome, efforts to increase public awareness, appropriate product dispensing procedures, and attention to home storage practices may reduce the risk of veterinary pharmaceutical exposures to young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Tomasi
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute, and.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | | | - Jason Stull
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Henry A Spiller
- Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Lara B McKenzie
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute, and.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, and.,Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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6
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Alagawany M, Farag MR, Abd El-Hac ME, Casalino E, Tufarelli V, Sayab M, Dhama K. Assessment of Cyadox Effects on the Antioxidant Defense System and Hemolysis of Isolated Rabbit Erythrocytes. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.183.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Łukaszewicz P, Maszkowska J, Mulkiewicz E, Kumirska J, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Impact of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on the Agricultural Environment: A Re-inspection. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:89-148. [PMID: 28005213 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) is a result of growing animal production. Manure, a great crop fertilizer, contains a significant amount of VPs. The investigation of VPs in manure is prevalent, because of the potential risk for environmental organisms, as well as human health. A re-evaluation of the impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on the agricultural environment is needed, even though several publications appear every year. The aim of this review was to collate the data from fields investigated for the presence of VPs as an inevitable component of manure. Data on VP concentrations in manure, soils, groundwater and plants were collected from the literature. All of this was connected with biotic and abiotic degradation, leaching and plant uptake. The data showed that the sorption of VPs into soil particles is a process which decreases the negative impact of VPs on the microbial community, the pollution of groundwater, and plant uptake. What was evident was that most of the data came from experiments conducted under conditions different from those in the environment, resulting in an overestimation of data (especially in the case of leaching). The general conclusion is that the application of manure on crop fields leads to a negligible risk for plants, bacteria, and finally humans, but in future every group of compounds needs to be investigated separately, because of the high divergence of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Joanna Maszkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
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8
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Tufarelli V. In vitro antioxidant activities of resveratrol, cinnamaldehyde and their synergistic effect against cyadox-induced cytotoxicity in rabbit erythrocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:196-205. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1193866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayada Ragab Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt,
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt, and
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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9
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Wang X, Martínez MA, Cheng G, Liu Z, Huang L, Dai M, Chen D, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Yuan Z. The critical role of oxidative stress in the toxicity and metabolism of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides in vitro and in vivo. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:159-82. [PMID: 27285897 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1189560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives (QdNOs) have been widely used as growth promoters and antibacterial agents. Carbadox (CBX), olaquindox (OLA), quinocetone (QCT), cyadox (CYA) and mequindox (MEQ) are the classical members of QdNOs. Some members of QdNOs are known to cause a variety of toxic effects. To date, however, almost no review has addressed the toxicity and metabolism of QdNOs in relation to oxidative stress. This review focused on the research progress associated with oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for QdNO-induced toxicity and metabolism. The present review documented that the studies were performed over the past 10 years to interpret the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress as the results of QdNO treatment and have correlated them with various types of QdNO toxicity, suggesting that oxidative stress plays critical roles in their toxicities. The major metabolic pathways of QdNOs are N→O group reduction and hydroxylation. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), aldehyde oxidase (SsAOX1), carbonyl reductase (CBR1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were involved in the QdNOs metabolism. Further understanding the role of oxidative stress in QdNOs-induced toxicity will throw new light onto the use of antioxidants and scavengers of ROS as well as onto the blind spots of metabolism and the metabolizing enzymes of QdNOs. The present review might contribute to revealing the QdNOs toxicity, protecting against oxidative damage and helping to improve the rational use of concurrent drugs, while developing novel QdNO compounds with more efficient potentials and less toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Wuhan , Hubei , China ;,b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Guyue Cheng
- c MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- d Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Lingli Huang
- c MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Menghong Dai
- c MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- c MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- a National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Wuhan , Hubei , China ;,c MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , Hubei , China ;,e Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety , Wuhan , Hubei , China
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10
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Liu Q, Zhang J, Luo X, Ihsan A, Liu X, Dai M, Cheng G, Hao H, Wang X, Yuan Z. Further investigations into the genotoxicity of quinoxaline-di-N-oxides and their primary metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:145-57. [PMID: 27170491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are potential antibacterial agents with a wide range of biological properties. Quinocetone (QCT), carbadox (CBX), olaquindox (OLA), mequindox (MEQ) and cyadox (CYA) are classical QdNOs. Though the genotoxicity of parent drugs has been evaluated, the genotoxicity of their primary N → O reduced metabolites remains unclear. In the present study, a battery of four different short-term tests, mouse lymphoma assay (MLA), Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in vitro and bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay in vivo was carried out to investigate the genotoxicity of the six primary N → O reduced metabolites. Additionally, the genotoxicity of five parent drugs was evaluated by the MLA. Strong genotoxicity of N1-MEQ, B-MEQ and B-CBX was found in three of the assays but not in the Ames assay, and the rank order was N1-MEQ>B-MEQ>B-CBX that is consistent with prototype QdNOs. Negative results for the five QdNOs were noted in the MLA. We present for the first time a comparison of the genotoxicity of primary N → O reduced metabolites, and evaluate the ability of five QdNOs to cause mutations in the MLA. The present study demonstrates that metabolites are involved in genetic toxicity mediated by QdNOs, and improve the prudent use of QdNOs for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xun Luo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xianglian Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Yang Y, Jiang L, She Y, Chen M, Li Q, Yang G, Geng C, Tang L, Zhong L, Jiang L, Liu X. Olaquindox induces DNA damage via the lysosomal and mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and p53 activation in HEK293 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:792-799. [PMID: 26453893 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Olaquindox (OLA) is a potent antibacterial agent used as a feed additive and growth promoter. In this study, the genotoxic potential of OLA was investigated in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK293). Results showed that OLA caused significant increases of DNA migration. Lysosomal membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential were reduced after treatment with OLA. OLA was shown to induce ROS production and GSH depletion. The expression of p53 protein is increased in cells incubated with OLA. The activation of p53 and ATM gene was assessed by exposure to OLA. Furthermore, NAC reduced DNA migration, ROS formation, GSH depletion and the expression of the p53 protein and gene. And desipramine significantly decreased AO fluorescence intensity and the expression of the p53 protein and gene. These results support the assumption that OLA exerted genotoxic effects and induced DNA strand breaks in HEK293 cells, possibly through lysosomal-mitochondrial pathway involving ROS production and p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yan She
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chengyan Geng
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liyun Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 of Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116011, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Laifu Zhong
- China-Japanese Joint Institute for Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Natural Products Engineering Technology Center, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South Lvshun Road, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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Prado CK, Ferreira FD, Bando E, Machinski M. Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline in pasteurised cow's milk commercialised in Brazil. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:81-4. [PMID: 25247384 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.968881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tetracycline residues in pasteurised cow's milk using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with UV/VIS detection to determine the exposure of Brazilian's population to antibiotic residues. One hundred samples collected from the State of Paraná, Brazil, were analysed. Three of these samples were contaminated at the following concentrations: 121.8 µg·kg(-1) for oxytetracycline, 93.5 µg·kg(-1) for tetracycline and 134.6 µg·kg(-1) for chlortetracycline (61.6 µg·kg(-1)) and doxycycline (73.0 µg·kg(-1)). The median tetracycline residue concentration found in the samples was 42.3 µg·kg(-1), and the estimated daily intake (EDI) was 0.05 µg Kg(-1) bw day(-1) in Brazil. These results demonstrate that the occurrence of tetracycline in Brazilian milk was low (3%) and only for 2% above the maximum residue limit, so the risk to the population from the presence of these residues in milk was low (<1% of the acceptable daily intake).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kato Prado
- a Department of Basic Health Sciences , State University of Maringá (UEM) , Maringá , Brazil
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13
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Advancing the 3Rs in regulatory toxicology – Carcinogenicity testing: Scope for harmonisation and advancing the 3Rs in regulated sectors of the European Union. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Vragović N, Bažulić D, Jakupović E, Zdolec N. Dietary exposure assessment of streptomycin and tetracycline in food of animal origin on the Croatian market. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2012; 5:236-40. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2012.698396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Silva TPPD, Moreira JC, Peres F. Serão os carrapaticidas agrotóxicos? Implicações na saúde e na percepção de riscos de trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2012; 17:311-25. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232012000200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar os riscos relacionados ao uso de agrotóxicos na pecuária leiteira, no que tange a questões de legislação, de saúde e da percepção de riscos de trabalhadores dessa atividade. Para tanto, baseia-se em articulação metodológica que incluiu: a) revisão sistemática da literatura de referência sobre o objeto da pesquisa; b) análise da legislação correlata (produtos veterinários e agrotóxicos); c) identificação de perigos relacionados a produtos veterinários formulados à base de princípios ativos regulados como agrotóxicos; d) e análise da percepção de riscos de um grupo de trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira. A análise dos resultados do estudo apontou uma situação de especial interesse para o campo da Saúde Coletiva. No que diz respeito aos trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira, a invisibilidade de riscos associados ao manejo de agrotóxicos de uso veterinário aumenta sua exposição e está relacionada a diversos problemas de saúde, em especial nas mulheres. Esta mesma invisibilidade leva a um negligenciamento do respeito ao período de carência. Parte dos problemas pode estar associada à não classificação dos inseticidas de uso veterinários como agrotóxicos, o que torna necessária e urgente a discussão do tema.
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Abstract
The macrocyclic lactone endectocides such as ivermectin, abamectin, selamectin and moxidectin have revolutionized the treatment of parasitic diseases in animals, being active against internal and external parasites. Ivermectin was introduced into veterinary medicine in the 1980s and since that time a number of related compounds have been introduced. In the treatment of internal parasites they complement the use of levamisole and the benzimidazoles, but in recent years they have found utility in treating external insect parasites. These agents show very low levels of toxicity under most circumstances. However, they are neurotoxic particularly in subpopulations of animals with mutations in the MDR1 gene. Toxicity may be also seen during off-label use, possibly because the doses used have been extrapolated from use in other animals. Regardless of these considerations, the macrocyclic lactone endectocides are extremely effective and safe drugs in the treatment of parasitic diseases of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Woodward
- TSGE, Concordia House, St James Business Park, Grimbald Crag Court Knaresborough, North Yorkshire UK.
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17
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Wang X, He QH, Wang YL, Ihsan A, Huang LL, Zhou W, Su SJ, Liu ZL, Yuan ZH. A chronic toxicity study of cyadox in Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:324-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Vragović N, Bažulić D, Njari B. Risk assessment of streptomycin and tetracycline residues in meat and milk on Croatian market. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:352-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ihsan A, Wang X, Huang XJ, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhou W, Yuan ZH. Acute and subchronic toxicological evaluation of Mequindox in Wistar rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 57:307-14. [PMID: 20371258 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied an acute and subchronic oral toxicity of Mequindox (MEQ), a quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide antimicrobial promoter, in Wistar rats according to OECD guidelines. For acute toxicity study, single doses of MEQ at 175, 550 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. were administered to rats by oral gavage. The calculated LD(50) was 550 mg/kg b.w. In subchronic study, rats were fed diets containing 0, 55, 110 or 275 mg MEQ/kg. There was a reduction in body weight of rats fed 275 mg MEQ/kg diet. At 90 days autopsy, a significant decrease in the kidney weight was observed in males while an increase in relative liver and adrenal weights were observed in females fed 275 mg MEQ/kg diet. There was a significant increased in alanineaminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in males, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in females, and aspartateaminotransferase (AST) levels in serum of both genders fed 275 mg MEQ/kg diet. Other toxic effects of 275 mg MEQ/kg diet included significant decrease in sodium and significant increase in potassium concentrations in serum in both genders. We may conclude that MEQ can induce hepatic and adrenal histological changes as well as leaking of different serum constituents in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ihsan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, PR China.
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