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Omar HM, Fahmy M, Abuowarda M. Hand palm sparganosis: morphologically and genetically confirmed Spirometra erinaceieuropaei in a fourteen-year-old girl, Egypt. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:859-864. [PMID: 38009142 PMCID: PMC10667186 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two spargana of 5 and 7 cm long were removed from the right-hand palm of 14-year-old girl at the General Hospital, Qalyubia, Egypt. Sparganum is the 2nd larval stage (pleurocercoid) of Diphyllobothrid cestode species develops in the vertebrate second intermediate host through ingestion of the crustacean first intermediate host.Dogs and cats are the final hosts get infected through predation of the second vertebrate host.Human attracts infection through drinking water contaminated with the infected crustacean host or consumption of the flesh of of vertebrate hosts such as frogs and reptilian species. The surgically removed specimens were parsitologically identified as a non-proliferative metacestodes of a spirometran species that then on molecular analysis proved to be Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. The present report has allocated Egypt on the world sparganosis map.Molecular characterization of 28 S rRNA of S. erinaceieuropae and correlation to other Spirometra spp. from the Nile countries, particularly Ethiopia and Lake Victoria countries where the Nile waters originate, and from China were dealt with. Drinking of contaminated fresh water is the only proposed mode of infection in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. Omar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Magdy Fahmy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
| | - Mai Abuowarda
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211 Egypt
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Vettorazzi R, Norbis W, Martorelli SR, Garcia G, Rios N. First report of Spirometra (Eucestoda; Diphyllobothriidae) naturally occurring in a fish host. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70. [PMID: 37114794 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spirometra Faust, Campbell et Kellogg, 1929 is a genus of cestodes belonging to the family Diphyllobothriidae. To date, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals are known second intermediate hosts of these parasites; humans can also be infected (the zoonotic disease is known as sparganosis or spirometrosis). Although the number of phylogenetic studies on Spirometra spp. has increased worldwide in recent years, there are few in South America. Specifically in Uruguay, molecular studies have shown that tapeworms of S. decipiens (Diesing, 1850) complexes 1 and 2 are present in this country. In this study, we characterised the larvae of Spirometra present in the annual fish Austrolebias charrua Costa et Cheffe. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these larvae showed that they belong to S. decipiens complex 1. This is the first report of teleost fishes serving as a second intermediate host for tapeworms of the genus Spirometra in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Vettorazzi
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia de la Reproduccion y Ecologia de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Biologia Parasitaria, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay (present address)
| | - Walter Norbis
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia de la Reproduccion y Ecologia de Peces, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio R Martorelli
- Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Garcia
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nestor Rios
- Seccion Genetica Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Oda FH, Borteiro C, da Graça RJ, Tavares LER, Crampet A, Guerra V, Lima FS, Bellay S, Karling LC, Castro O, Takemoto RM, Pavanelli GC. Parasitism by larval tapeworms genus Spirometra in South American amphibians and reptiles: new records from Brazil and Uruguay, and a review of current knowledge in the region. Acta Trop 2016; 164:150-164. [PMID: 27613585 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spargana are plerocercoid larvae of cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra, Family Diphyllobothriidae, parasitic to frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. This parasitic disease in humans can be transmitted through the use and consumption of amphibians and reptiles. The available knowledge about Spirometra in South America is scarce, and there are only a few reports on the occurrence of sparganum in amphibians and reptiles, many of them published in old papers not easily available to researchers. In this work we present a review on this topic, provide new records in two species of amphibians and 7 species of reptiles from Brazil and Uruguay respectively. We also summarize current knowledge of Spirometra in the continent, along with an updated of host taxonomy. We could gather from the literature a total of 15 studies about amphibian and reptile hosts, published between 1850 and 2016, corresponding to 43 case reports, mostly from Brazil (29) and Uruguay (8), Argentina (3), Peru (2), and Venezuela (1); the majority of them related to reptiles (five lizards and 26 snake species), and 14 corresponded to amphibians (9 anurans). Plerocercoid larvae were located in different organs of the hosts, such as subcutaneous tissue, coelomic cavity, peritoneum, and musculature. The importance of amphibians and reptiles in the transmission of the disease to humans in South America is discussed. Relevant issues to be studied in the near future are the taxonomic characterization of Spirometra in the region and the biological risk of reptile meat for aboriginal and other rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício H Oda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rodrigo J da Graça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo R Tavares
- Departamento de Patologia, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alejandro Crampet
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia S Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sybelle Bellay
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C Karling
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Km 04, s/n Comunidade de São Cristóvão, CEP 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ricardo M Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto C Pavanelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Matsumura M, Taketani T, Horie A, Mizota Y, Nakata S, Kumori K, Nagase M, Harada Y, Tanaka Y, Yamaguchi S. Pediatric granulomatous orchitis: Case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:155-8. [PMID: 26669680 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old boy presented with fever and abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with retroperitoneal lymphadenitis. At the same time, a painless right scrotal mass was observed. On imaging the testis and the epididymal mass both had abundant blood flow, although tumor markers were negative. Although the right testis had shrunk after antibiotic treatment, swelling was persistent and incisional biopsy was therefore performed, resulting in diagnosis of granulomatous orchitis (GO). No recurrence was found. In cases of scrotal swelling in both the testis and the epididymis of an older child, it is necessary to consider the possibility of inflammatory GO, and orchiectomy should not be performed without careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Matsumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taketani
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Division of Blood Transfusion, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Horie
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoko Mizota
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Soichi Nakata
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Koji Kumori
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nagase
- Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuji Harada
- Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Matsue City Hospital, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University School of Medicine, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
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Park WH, Shin TY, Yoon SM, Park SH, Kang YJ, Kim DK, Han JY, Seong DH. A case report of testicular sparganosis misdiagnosed as testicular tumor. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1018-20. [PMID: 25045238 PMCID: PMC4101770 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.7.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparganosis is a parasitic infestation of human by plerocercoid larvae. Sparganum is usually reported to be found in the subcutaneous tissues as well as other organs, including scrotum. However, testicular sparganosis is extremely rare, because of strong capsule of tunica albuginea. An urban-living 54-yr-old Korean man presented with left scrotal pain for 6 yr. Both testes look normal physically. Ultrasonography revealed poorly defined, heterogeneous mass with increased echogenicity in the left testis. This case was misdiagnosed as testicular tumor and underwent orchiectomy, but was diagnosed as testicular sparganosis by histopathology. Sparganosis should be included for differential diagnosis of testis tumor in countries where sparganosis is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Park
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Tae Young Shin
- Department of Urology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Min Yoon
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Park
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kang
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Han
- Department of Pathology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Do Hwan Seong
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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6
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Occurrence of human sparganosis in Kerala. J Parasit Dis 2014; 39:777-9. [PMID: 26688651 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human sparganosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by the larval stages of Spirometra sp. A seven cm worm recovered from a painful swelling in the right inguinal region of a 9 year old boy from Kunnamkulam in Thrissur District, Kerala was identified as sparganum based on morphology. This is the first case report of the disease from Kerala state. Possible mode of infection and control measures are suggested. Increased public awareness about risks associated with drinking contaminated water is important to prevent further incidence in the locality.
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Jesus LE, Rocha KLM, Caldas MLR, Fonseca E. Granulomatous orchitis in a pre-pubertal school-aged child: differential diagnosis dilemmas. J Pediatr Urol 2012; 8:e51-4. [PMID: 22575712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old male presented with testicular growth and persistent chronic orchiepididymitis with high inflammatory markers (C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Biopsies of the testes and epididymides showed bilateral epididymal and testicular granulomata, testicular fibrosis and chronic inflammatory infiltration, and the histological diagnosis was granulomatous orchitis. The symptoms receded with oral corticosteroids. Although rare, granulomatous orchitis is a possible diagnosis in children presenting testicular enlargement. It is important to differentiate it from testicular tumors (if necessary with testicular biopsy) and to investigate its association with systemic vasculitis and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisieux E Jesus
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics and Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Koonmee S, Intapan PM, Yamasaki H, Sugiyama H, Muto M, Kuramochi T, Kularbkeaw J, Kanpittaya J, Maleewong W, Nawa Y. Molecular identification of a causative parasite species using formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues of a complicated human pulmonary sparganosis case without decisive clinical diagnosis. Parasitol Int 2011; 60:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2011.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yun SJ, Park MS, Jeon HK, Kim YJ, Kim WJ, Lee SC. A case of vesical and scrotal sparganosis presenting as a scrotal mass. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2010; 48:57-9. [PMID: 20333286 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2010.48.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old Korean man complained of a painless scrotal hard nodule and weak urine stream. The ultrasound scan revealed a 2.2-cm sized round heteroechogenic nodule located in the extratesticular area. Microscopic hematuria was detected in routine laboratory examinations. On scrotal exploration, multiple spargana were incidentally found in the mass and along the left spermatic cord. On cystoscopy, a 10-mm sized mucosal elevation was found in the right side of the bladder dome. After transurethral resection of the covered mucosa, larval tapeworms were removed from inside of the nodule by forceps. Plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei was confirmed morphologically and also by PCR-sequencing analysis from the extracted tissue of the urinary bladder. So far as the literature is concerned, this is the first worm (PCR)-proven case of sparganosis in the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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The Andean hog-nosed skunk Conepatus chinga Molina, 1782 as a new definitive host for Spirometra erinacei Faust, Campbell & Kellog, 1929. Vet Parasitol 2009; 160:334-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lim DH, Kim CS, Kim SI. Sparganosis presenting as spermatic cord hydrocele in six-year-old boy. Urology 2008; 70:1223.e1-2. [PMID: 18158059 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sparganosis is a zoonosis that can involve many different areas of the human body. Urogenital sparganosis usually presents as a palpable subcutaneous nodule in the groin, labia, or scrotum. It can also present as a tumor in the epididymis and testis. However, no previous cases have been reported of it presenting as a spermatic cord hydrocele. We present a case of sparganosis with spermatic cord hydrocele in a 6-year-old boy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong hoon Lim
- Department of Urology, Chosun University College of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Nobrega-Lee M, Hubbard G, Loverde P, Carvalho-Queiroz C, Conn DB, Rohde K, Dick EJ, Nathanielsz P, Martin D, Siler-Khodr T, Schlabritz-Loutsevitch N. Sparganosis in wild-caught baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis). J Med Primatol 2007; 36:47-54. [PMID: 17359466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is the infection of a paratenic host with the plerocercoid metacestode of Spirometra spp. A 12-year-old captive, pregnant, wild-caught baboon from Tanzania had multiple subcutaneous nodules. METHODS Examination of the biopsied nodules revealed the presence of viable metacestodes. The histological morphology of the metacestodes was consistent with the genus Spirometra and other pseudophyllidean cestodes. Since species of Spirometra produce growth hormones that are active in mammals, we measured fetal and placental growth and hormone levels. Blood samples were taken from the mother and the cesarean-derived fetus for hematological, biochemical, and hormonal analyses and to test for the presence of antispargana antibodies. RESULTS Baboon placental weight and fetal hematological, biochemical, and morphometric parameters were within normal ranges. Antibody titers to spargana did not differ significantly between mother (1.08 OD(405)) and fetus (0.91 OD(405)). Baboon maternal insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone values were also within the normal range. Estradiol and progesterone analysis in four of these animals (antibody titers ranged from 0.71 to 1.7 OD(405)) showed no statistically significant difference with age- or phase-matched cycle parameters compared with antibody-negative females. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results that have been obtained, sparganosis did not appear to affect the endocrinological profile of pregnant and cycling female baboons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nobrega-Lee
- Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee, AL, USA
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