1
|
Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Franchella E, Bernacchia G, De Bastiani M, Lorenzoni F, Carosi A, Lorenzoni M, Bosi G. Infection of endemic chub Squalius tenellus with the intestinal tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda): histopathology and ultrastructural surveys. Parasitology 2024; 151:157-167. [PMID: 38193283 PMCID: PMC10941047 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The endemic chub Squalius tenellus (Heckel, 1843) was introduced more than 100 years ago to Lake Blidinje (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Only 1 species of enteric helminth was found in a sample of 35 chubs, the tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Janiszewska, 1953). The paper includes histopathological investigation with identification of innate immune cells involved in host reaction and molecular data allowed correct designation of the cestode species. Of 35 specimens of chub examined, 21 (60%) harboured individuals of C. brachycollis and a total of 1619 tapeworms were counted, the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 390 worms per fish (46.2 ± 15.3, mean ± s.e.). Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations showed strict contact between the worm's body and the epithelia and increase in the number of mucous cells, rodlet cells among the epithelial cells. Within the tunica propria-submucosa, beneath the site of scolex attachment, numerous neutrophils and mast cells were noticed. This is the first study of the occurrence of C. brachycollis in chub from Lake Blidinje and on the response of the innate immune cells of S. tenellus to this tapeworm. Interestingly, in 3 very heavily infected chubs, perforation of the intestinal wall was documented; this is uncommon among cestodes which use fish as a definitive host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Franchella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Morena De Bastiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Carosi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. of University 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Little S, Braff J, Duncan K, Elsemore D, Hanna R, Hanscom J, Lee A, Martin KA, Sobotyk C, Starkey L, Sundstrom K, Tyrrell P, Verocai GG, Wu T, Beall M. Diagnosis of canine intestinal parasites: Improved detection of Dipylidium caninum infection through coproantigen testing. Vet Parasitol 2023; 324:110073. [PMID: 37976897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal parasites, including cestodes like Dipylidium caninum, are common in dogs in the United States of America (USA), but fecal flotation consistently, and, at times, dramatically, fails to identify many of these infections. To determine the extent to which including coproantigen testing for D. caninum would improve the identification of dogs infected with this cestode, we evaluated fecal samples from 877 dogs (589 pet and 288 from municipal shelters) from six USA states using zinc sulfate (specific gravity 1.24) fecal flotation with centrifugation along with coproantigen detection for Giardia sp., hookworms, ascarids, and Trichuris vulpis. For D. caninum, PCR of perianal swabs was included. Intestinal parasite infections were identified, using centrifugal fecal flotation or coproantigen, in 265 dogs (13.2 % pet, 64.9 % shelter). Dipylidium caninum infection was detected in 5.6 % of dogs with the combination of coproantigen and centrifugal fecal flotation, and 7.3 % of dogs when perianal swab results were included; prevalence varied by diagnostic method, population, and geographic region. In pet dogs, D. caninum infection was identified by fecal flotation (0), coproantigen (2.2 %), or perianal swabs (1.2 %). The same methods revealed infection in 0.3 %, 12.5 %, and 11.1 % of shelter dogs, respectively. Frequent use of praziquantel in shelter dogs (116/288; 40.3 %) may have reduced prevalence. Positive and negative agreement of D. caninum coproantigen with perianal swab PCR in pet dogs was 85.7 % and 98.8 %, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis accounting for region, population, and age found D. caninum infection to be more common in shelter dogs relative to pet (adjusted OR 4.91 [2.48, 10.24]) and in the Southcentral and Southeast regions relative to North (adjusted OR 9.59 [1.92, 174.13] and 17.69 [3.67, 318.09] respectively). Coproantigen testing also enhanced the detection of other intestinal parasites over fecal flotation alone, including Giardia sp. (14.7 % vs 3.3 %), hookworms (13.8 % vs 8.4 %), ascarids (2.9 % vs 2.2 %), and T. vulpis (2.9 % vs 1.4 %). Together, these data indicate that the coproantigen assay employed increases detection of D. caninum infections several fold, supporting the use of this test in clinical practice, and add to a growing body of research documenting enhanced diagnosis through implementation of multiple laboratory-based methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Duncan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Merck Animal Health, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | | | - Rita Hanna
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME 04092, USA
| | | | - Alice Lee
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Katy A Martin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Caroline Sobotyk
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lindsay Starkey
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Kellee Sundstrom
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Timothy Wu
- Department of Population Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burcáková L, Königová A, Kuzmina TA, Austin CJ, Matthews JB, Lightbody KL, Peczak NA, Syrota Y, Várady M. Equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala spp.) infection: evaluation of saliva- and serum-based antibody detection methods and risk factor analysis in Slovak horse populations. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3037-3052. [PMID: 37803152 PMCID: PMC10667452 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
A lack of accurate information on the prevalence and distribution of Anoplocephala spp. infections on horse farms has led to insufficient attention to tapeworm control and increasing horse anoplocephaloses in Europe. Our study aimed to examine the occurrence of Anoplocephala spp. infection using coprological, serum- and saliva-based antibody detection methods and to analyze the risk factors associated with tapeworm infection in domestic horses in Slovakia. Fecal, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 427 horses from 31 farms in Slovakia. Additionally, a questionnaire study was conducted to collect information on tapeworm distribution on horse farms and analyze risk factors associated with infection. Fecal samples were examined by the mini-FLOTAC and the double centrifugation/combined sedimentation-flotation techniques. Serum and saliva samples were analyzed by ELISA to determine antibody levels against Anoplocephala spp. The effects of variables associated with an individual horse were tested for the positive result of the saliva ELISA test on Anoplocephala spp. Cestode eggs were detected in 1.99% of fecal samples (farm prevalence 12.90%), with no differences between the two coprological methods. Serum-based tapeworm ELISA results revealed that 39.39% of horses tested positive (farm prevalence 83.87%); while saliva-based tapeworm ELISA results revealed 56.95% positive horses (farm prevalence 96.77%). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed four meaningful predictors that significantly impacted the likelihood of detecting tapeworm infection in horses: horse age, pasture size, anthelmintic treatment scheme, and access to pasture. The influences of other variables associated with an individual horse were not significantly associated with detecting tapeworm infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Burcáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 04001, Slovakia
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, Kosice, 04181, Slovakia
| | - Alzbeta Königová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 04001, Slovakia
| | - Tetiana A Kuzmina
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 04001, Slovakia.
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, 15, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine.
| | - Corrine J Austin
- Austin Davis Biologics Ltd, Unit 1 Denfield Lodge, Lower Street, Great Addington, Northants, NN14 4BL, UK
| | - Jacqueline B Matthews
- Austin Davis Biologics Ltd, Unit 1 Denfield Lodge, Lower Street, Great Addington, Northants, NN14 4BL, UK
| | - Kirsty L Lightbody
- Austin Davis Biologics Ltd, Unit 1 Denfield Lodge, Lower Street, Great Addington, Northants, NN14 4BL, UK
| | - Natalia A Peczak
- Austin Davis Biologics Ltd, Unit 1 Denfield Lodge, Lower Street, Great Addington, Northants, NN14 4BL, UK
| | - Yaroslav Syrota
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 04001, Slovakia
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Bogdan Khmelnytsky Street, 15, Kyiv, 01054, Ukraine
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marian Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Kosice, 04001, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdollahi M, Lotfollahzadeh S, Shokrpoor S, Daneshi M, Abolhasani Darounkola M. Acute coenurosis in lambs. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2786-2790. [PMID: 37725338 PMCID: PMC10650350 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Six 100-day-old mixed-breed lambs were examined in a farm with a semi-intensive system due to neurologic signs. Cachexia, bilateral blindness, stupor, severe drowsiness and lethargy with left and right movements of the head and neck were recorded after awakening and stimulation. Lambs died 10 days after the onset of the clinical signs. The lambs were necropsied, and after routine parasitology, bacteriology and histopathology, the occurrence of acute coenurosis was confirmed due to finding multiple cystic structures in the brain tissue. All lambs of the herd were treated with albendazole (orally, 25 mg/kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). All shepherd dogs were treated with popantel (orally, one tablet/10 kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). The affected lambs died despite this treatment. No new case of the disease was observed after the initiation of control measures. The present study shows the importance of preventive measure against coenurosis in a semi-intensive sheep farming system that includes implementing consistent parasite control programme in dogs being in contact with sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSemnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | - Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mojtaba Daneshi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and PregnancyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar S, Kaur H. Molecular characterization of Moniezia denticulata (Rudolphi, 1810) and its distinction from M. expansa infecting sheep and goats raised in the north and north-western regions of India. Parasitology 2023; 150:831-841. [PMID: 37555338 PMCID: PMC10478047 DOI: 10.1017/s003118202300063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The tapeworms of Moniezia spp. are heteroxenous parasites and their adult forms occur in ruminants' alimentary tract. They steal a significant portion of hosts' nourishment initiating monieziasis, thereby inflicting economic losses in animal rearing. Despite their high economic importance, the molecular characterization and taxonomic status of these parasites have remained poorly understood. In the present study, cestodes were isolated from the sheep and goats' intestines and were stained with Gower's carmine. Upon careful evaluation of morphological characters, 2 species Moniezia denticulata and Moniezia expansa were identified. The genomic DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified targeting regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) and internal transcribed spacer 1–5.8S rRNA (ITS1–5.8S rRNA) genes followed by sequencing. The partial sequences of cox1, SSU rRNA and ITS1–5.8S rRNA genes of M. denticulata generated in the present study revealed that even though they share high similarities with M. benedeni (93.2% cox1; 92.6% SSU rRNA; 84.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA) and M. expansa (88.85% cox1; 92.27% SSU rRNA; 81.70% ITS1–5.8S rRNA), they are not identical to them. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees, M. denticulata and M. expansa consistently appeared as distinct species from each other. The high values of pairwise divergence between these 2 species collected in the present study confirmed their separate identity. The present study reports the first molecular characterization of M. denticulata with reference to M. expansa infecting sheep and goats in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carbonara M, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Lia RP, Annoscia G, Iatta R, Varcasia A, Conte G, Benelli G, Otranto D. Squamata reptiles as a potential source of helminth infections when preyed on by companion animals. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:233. [PMID: 37452384 PMCID: PMC10349445 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamate reptiles cohabiting with companion animals may represent a source of helminth infections, especially through predation by dogs and cats with an outdoor lifestyle. METHODS In order to assess the role of reptiles as intermediate/paratenic hosts of trophically transmitted helminths, synanthropic reptiles (n = 245) captured from different ecological settings (i.e., households, dog shelters, urban, peri-urban and rural areas or natural parks) of southern Italy were examined for endoparasites. Parasitic cysts (i.e., larval forms of acanthocephalans, cestodes and nematodes) and free helminths (i.e., adult nematodes and digeneans) were morphologically and molecularly identified, and statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the correlations between reptiles, infections, and ecological settings. RESULTS Overall, 31% of reptiles were positive for at least one helminth, with Podarcis siculus (18.7%) and Tarentola mauritanica (8.1%) being the most frequently infected species. Among the parasites of medical interest, Joyeuxiella echinorhyncoides showed the highest prevalence (19.7%), followed by Diplopylidium acanthotetra (10.5%), Joyeuxiella pasqualei, Mesocestoides lineatus (5.6%) and Physaloptera sp. (3.9%). Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus was detected once. Podarcis siculus and T. mauritanica were associated with cestode infections. CONCLUSIONS The wide range of helminths detected here in reptiles living in sympatry with pets and the fact that many of these helminth species are parasitic and may infect companion animals (e.g., J. pasqualei, J. echinorhyncoides, D. acanthotetra, Physaloptera sp.) and humans (i.e., Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, Mesocestoides lineatus) indicate the potential health risk associated with pets preying on these small vertebrates. Our results indicate the need for complementary investigations of trophically transmitted parasites in dogs and cats living in sympatry with reptiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Riccardo Paolo Lia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Giada Annoscia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fraser ML, Gray MA, Dobbs KDR, Andrews BI, Van De Reep S, Duffy MS. FIRST REPORTS OF LIGULA INTESTINALIS AND A SCHISTOCEPHALUS SP. INFECTING SMALL-BODIED FISH IN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA. J Parasitol 2023; 109:288-295. [PMID: 37458176 PMCID: PMC10658873 DOI: 10.1645/22-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing were used to identify plerocercoids of a Schistocephalus sp. infecting slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) from northern New Brunswick and plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis infecting blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) in Fundy National Park (FNP, New Brunswick). To our knowledge, no previous publications documented either cestode from New Brunswick, Canada. Blacknose dace represent a new host record for L. intestinalis. Identifications were made based on the presence or absence of segmentation and sequencing partial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1; mitochondrial DNA) and/or partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI; mitochondrial DNA). Plerocercoids from blacknose dace in FNP were identified as Ligula intestinalis based on >99% nucleotide identity with COI for this species in the NCBI GenBank database. Plerocercoids in slimy sculpin from northern New Brunswick were identified as a Schistocephalus sp. based on high nucleotide identity with congenerics in the NCBI GenBank database. The absence of GenBank entries with sufficient high percent identity to our specimens, and potential species hybrids in this genus, prevents species-level identification of Schistocephalus sp. plerocercoids currently. The absence of previous documentation of these cestodes might reflect recent environmental change promoting the transmission of these parasites that can modulate host fish behavior, induce sterility of host fishes, and contribute to epizootics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Fraser
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Michelle A. Gray
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Kerstyn D. R. Dobbs
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
| | - Ben I. Andrews
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada E2L 4L5
| | - Sarah Van De Reep
- Parks Canada, Fundy National Park, Alma, New Brunswick, Canada E4H 1B4
| | - Michael S. Duffy
- Biology Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
- Canadian Rivers Institute, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5A3
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scholz T, Kuchta R. Fish tapeworms (Cestoda) in the molecular era: achievements, gaps and prospects. Parasitology 2022; 149:1876-1893. [PMID: 36004800 PMCID: PMC11010522 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tapeworms of fishes (Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii) account one-third (1670 from around 5000) of the total tapeworm (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) species diversity. In total 1186 species from 9 orders occur as adults in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and chimaeras), and 484 species from 8 orders mature in ray-finned fishes (referred to here as teleosts). Teleost tapeworms are dominated by freshwater species (78%), but only 3% of elasmobranch tapeworms are known from freshwater rays of South America and Asia (Borneo). In the last 2 decades, vast progress has been made in understanding species diversity, host associations and interrelationships among fish tapeworms. In total, 172 new species have been described since 2017 (149 from elasmobranchs and 23 from teleosts; invalidly described taxa are not included, especially those from the Oriental region). Molecular data, however, largely limited to a few molecular markers (mainly 28S rDNA, but also 18S and cox1), are available for about 40% of fish tapeworm species. They allowed us to significantly improve our understanding of their interrelationships, including proposals of a new, more natural classification at the higher-taxonomy level (orders and families) as well as at the lower-taxonomy level (genera). In this review, we summarize the main advances and provide perspectives for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kuchta
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brandell EE, Jackson MK, Cross PC, Piaggio AJ, Taylor DR, Smith DW, Boufana B, Stahler DR, Hudson PJ. Evaluating noninvasive methods for estimating cestode prevalence in a wild carnivore population. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277420. [PMID: 36378663 PMCID: PMC9665365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections are cryptic and can be difficult to study in wildlife species. Helminth research in wildlife hosts has historically required invasive animal handling and necropsy, while results from noninvasive parasite research, like scat analysis, may not be possible at the helminth species or individual host levels. To increase the utility of noninvasive sampling, individual hosts can be identified by applying molecular methods. This allows for longitudinal sampling of known hosts and can be paired with individual-level covariates. Here we evaluate a combination of methods and existing long-term monitoring data to identify patterns of cestode infections in gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park. Our goals were: (1) Identify the species and apparent prevalence of cestodes infecting Yellowstone wolves; (2) Assess the relationships between wolf biological and social characteristics and cestode infections; (3) Examine how wolf samples were affected by environmental conditions with respect to the success of individual genotyping. We collected over 200 wolf scats from 2018-2020 and conducted laboratory analyses including individual wolf genotyping, sex identification, cestode identification, and fecal glucocorticoid measurements. Wolf genotyping success rate was 45%, which was higher in the winter but decreased with higher precipitation and as more time elapsed between scat deposit and collection. One cestode species was detected in 28% of all fecal samples, and 38% of known individuals. The most common infection was Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (primarily E. canadensis). Adult wolves had 4x greater odds of having a cestode infection than pups, as well as wolves sampled in the winter. Our methods provide an alternative approach to estimate cestode prevalence and to linking parasites to known individuals in a wild host system, but may be most useful when employed in existing study systems and when field collections are designed to minimize the time between fecal deposition and collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E. Brandell
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Madeline K. Jackson
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Paul C. Cross
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, United States of America
| | - Antoinette J. Piaggio
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Taylor
- National Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas W. Smith
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Belgees Boufana
- National Wildlife Management Centre, National Reference Laboratory for Parasites (Trichinella and Echinococcus), Animal and Plant Health Agency, York, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Hudson
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bezerra-Santos MA, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Lia RP, Annoscia G, Schuster R, Varcasia A, Sgroi G, Modry D, Otranto D. Description of Joyeuxiella pasqualei (Cestoda: Dipylidiidae) from an Italian domestic dog, with a call for further research on its first intermediate host. Parasitology 2022; 149:1769-1774. [PMID: 36165289 PMCID: PMC11010481 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although Joyeuxiella pasqualei is frequently detected in cats from Mediterranean Europe, information on its biology is still scarce. This cestode is relatively less frequently reported in dogs, possibly because it is often misdiagnosed with the better-known Dipylidium caninum. The occurrence of J. pasqualei proglottids in a dog living in a closed environment triggered us to delve into the biology of this cestode by collecting biological samples from lizards and a road-killed cat. Two reptile species, Podarcis siculus (Lacertidae), and Tarentola mauritanica (Geckonidae) were also collected in the garden and its surroundings. In addition, experimental infections with eggs obtained from gravid proglottids were performed in laboratory mice, and Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) beetles. Proglottids from the dog's feces and adult cestodes detected at necroscopy of a cat were morphologically identified as J. pasqualei. Two out of 13 T. mauritanica collected in the garden had natural infections of J. pasqualei cysts in the liver and attached to the intestine. All P. siculus lizards and experimentally infected rodents and beetles were negative. DNA sequences obtained from J. pasqualei showed the highest nucleotide similarities with Versteria sp., Echinococcus sp., Raillietina sonini, Taenia polyacantha and D. caninum. Data herein provided show the inability of rodents to become infected by direct ingestion of gravid proglottids, suggesting a need for an invertebrate first intermediate host in the life cycle. Thus, more research study is advocated to better understand the biology of J. pasqualei such as its first intermediate host and its mechanism of transmission in reptiles and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giada Annoscia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Rolf Schuster
- Department of Parasitology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - David Modry
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brabec J, Uribe M, Chaparro-Gutiérrez JJ, Hermosilla C. Presence of Spirometra mansoni, Causative Agent of Sparganosis, in South America. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2347-2350. [PMID: 36286232 PMCID: PMC9622250 DOI: 10.3201/eid2811.220529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report molecular identification of an adult Spirometra mansoni tapeworm retrieved from a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in Colombia, confirming presence of this parasite in South America. This tapeworm is the causative agent of human sparganosis, commonly reported from Southeast Asia, and represents the second congeneric species with known zoonotic potential in the Americas.
Collapse
|
12
|
Temuujin J, Ulziijargal G, Yeruult C, Amarbayasgalan Z, Mungunzaya T, Bayarsaikhan U, Khulan J, Wandra T, Sato MO, Gantstetseg C, Ochirkhuyag B, Sato M, Yamasaki H, Narankhajid M. Distribution and prevalence of Taenia hydatigena, Taenia multiceps, and Mesocestoides spp. in Mongolian sheepdogs. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 28:100680. [PMID: 35115119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasite infections in livestock and companion animals in Mongolia have not been investigated sufficiently. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cyclophyllid cestodes (Taeniidae and Mesocestoididae) in Mongolian sheepdogs using copro-DNA analysis. Sheepdog fecal samples (n = 1242) were collected from five ecological zones (mountain taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, desert-steppe, and desert) and four geographical regions (Western, Khangai, Central, and Eastern) within 20 of the country's 21 provinces. Among the 1242 samples, 201 (16.2%) tested positive for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and ribosomal 12S rRNA encoding genes of cyclophyllid cestodes. Prevalence in the mountain taiga, forest-steppe, steppe, desert-steppe, and desert zones was 29.2%, 15.4%, 15.1%, 20.1%, and 9.1%, respectively. Prevalence in the Western, Khangai, Central, and Eastern regions was 19.9%, 18.6%, 12.1%, and 12.8%, respectively. Taenia hydatigena, Taenia multiceps, and two Mesocestoides species (Mesocestoides sp.1 and Mesocestoides sp.2) were identified. T. hydatigena was found in the samples from all 20 provinces (all five zones and four regions), while T. multiceps was detected in the samples from 19 provinces (all five zones and four regions). Mesocestoides sp.1 infection was detected in the samples from all zones (except desert) and regions; it was detected in 14 provinces. Mesocestoides sp.2 infection was detected in the samples from all zones (except mountain taiga) and regions and found in seven provinces. Cyclophyllidea infection in sheepdogs is highly prevalent across Mongolia, representing a zoonotic risk. Implementation of a surveillance program for sheepdogs and their owners, and the wild animals in all ecological zones should be considered. In addition, control measures, including public awareness campaigns, especially for sheepdog owners, and periodic deworming of sheepdogs are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janjiv Temuujin
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Art - Biotechnology laboratory, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gelegbalsan Ulziijargal
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Chultemsuren Yeruult
- Department of Pharmacology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Zagd Amarbayasgalan
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Tangad Mungunzaya
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Uudus Bayarsaikhan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Art - Biotechnology laboratory, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Janjiv Khulan
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Art - Biotechnology laboratory, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Toni Wandra
- Directorate of Postgraduate, Sari Mutiara Indonesia University, Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Marcello Otake Sato
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
| | | | - Baldorj Ochirkhuyag
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Art - Biotechnology laboratory, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Megumi Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Myadagsuren Narankhajid
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inoue K, Shishida K, Kawarai S, Takeda S, Minami M, Taira K. Helminthes detected from wild sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis) in Kanto-Chubu region, Japan. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102485. [PMID: 34695592 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The helminth fauna of 105 sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis) captured in Yamanashi, Kanagawa and Nagano Prefectures, Japan was investigated during 2014-2019. As a result, 12 helminthes, i.e. 3 digeneans (Ogmocotyle sikae, Dicrocoelium chinensis and D. dendriticum), 8 nematodes (Gongylonema pulchrum, Dictyocaulus sp., Pygarginema sp., Spiculopteragia houdemeri, Chabaudstrongylus ninhae, Trichuris discolor, Oesophagostomum sikae and Oes. asperum), and 1 cestode (Moniezia sp.) were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Pygarginema sp., Cha. ninhae, and Oes. asperum from sika deer in Japan. Some helminthes detected in the present study can infect livestock. Considering the possibility of the spread of the helminthes to livestock through deer excrement, it is important to promote understanding the parasite fauna in wild deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Inoue
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan; Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Japan
| | - Kohei Shishida
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kawarai
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan
| | - Shiro Takeda
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan
| | - Masato Minami
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan
| | - Kensuke Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Makarikov AA, Dokuchaev NE. Tapeworms in Rodents from the Lower Anabar River Basin, with a Review of Species Diversity of Cestodes in Yakutia, Russia. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1012-1020. [PMID: 33772725 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the first data on the fauna of cestodes in rodents from the Lower Anabar River Basin situated in extreme north-western Yakutia, Russia and to develop a biological and biogeographical framework for examination of the species diversity of cestodes from Yakutia, which is an important faunal transition zone in the eastern Palaearctic. METHODS Field inventory of cestodes from rodents was conducted for the first time in the region of north-western Yakutia. Species diversity, intensity and prevalence of infection were assessed. RESULTS It was noted a rather high (up to 82.5%) total cestode prevalence in rodents in the extreme north-western area of Yakutia. In Arvicolinae hosts, we collected specimens of six cestode species of four genera and three families. Arostrilepis microtis and Douthittia nordenskioeldi were first collected in voles Lasiopodomys gregalis from Yakutia (new host and geographical records). The zoonotic parasite Echinococcus multilocularis was found in the liver of L. gregalis. The list of cestodes from rodents in Yakutia based on review of previous publications and the material obtained in the present study includes 24 species of 16 genera and five families. Out of these, 17 parasitise rodents as adults stage and seven as larvae. CONCLUSION The fauna of rodent tapeworms from the south subarctic tundra and pre-tundra larch woodlands of the north-western Yakutia is characterised by relatively impoverished species diversity compared to the fauna of cestodes from the taiga zone of the central Yakutia. The decrease in the species diversity of tapeworms does not affect the total infection prevalence of the definitive hosts, which is relatively high in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arseny A Makarikov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, 630091, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolai E Dokuchaev
- Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 685000, Magadan, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alvi MA, Li L, Ohiolei JA, Qamar W, Saqib M, Tayyab MH, Altaf J, Ashfaq K, Hassan A, Jamal M, Wahab A, Alvi AA, Usman M, Bajwa MRK, Fu BQ, Yan HB, Jia WZ. Hydatigera taeniaeformis in urban rats (Rattus rattus) in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 92:104873. [PMID: 33905888 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydatigera taeniaeformis formerly referred to as Taenia taeniaeformis is a cestode of cats (definitive hosts) and rodents (intermediate hosts). The prevalence of the metacestode larval stage has been reported in rodents in many parts of the world even though the genetic polymorphisms or intraspecies variation is still understudied. Here, we report a prevalence of 22.09% (38/172) from an urban rodent population in Pakistan and a nucleotide diversity (cox1) of 0.00463 among the population. Infection was higher in male (27.85%) and adult (32.29%) rats than female and sub-adult/young rats. Interestingly, The median-joining network and phylogenetic construction comprising isolates from China, Japan, Kenya, Laos, Malaysia, Senegal, the United Arab Emirates, and countries in Europe demonstrated that Pakistani H. taeniaeformis are closer to Asian and African population than those of European origin. The results of the study will add-in preliminary data for H. taeniaeformis and will also contribute to understand the global molecular epidemiology and population structure of H. taeniaeformis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Warda Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, (Jhang Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Altaf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Ashfaq
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department (Extension), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department (Extension), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory for Echinococcosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Behnke JM, Rogan MT, Craig PS, Jackson JA, Hide G. Long-term trends in helminth infections of wood mice ( Apodemus sylvaticus) from the vicinity of Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, England. Parasitology 2021; 148:451-463. [PMID: 33256865 PMCID: PMC11010161 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections in wood mice (n = 483), trapped over a period of 26 years in the woods surrounding Malham Tarn in North Yorkshire, were analysed. Although 10 species of helminths were identified, the overall mean species richness was 1.01 species/mouse indicating that the helminth community was relatively depauperate in this wood mouse population. The dominant species was Heligmosomoides polygyrus, the prevalence (64.6%) and abundance (10.4 worms/mouse) of which declined significantly over the study period. Because of the dominance of this species, analyses of higher taxa (combined helminths and combined nematodes) also revealed significantly declining values for prevalence, although not abundance. Helminth species richness (HSR) and Brillouin's index of diversity (BID) did not show covariance with year, neither did those remaining species whose overall prevalence exceeded 5% (Syphacia stroma, Aonchotheca murissylvatici and Plagiorchis muris). Significant age effects were detected for the prevalence and abundance of all higher taxa, H. polygyrus and P. muris, and for HSR and BID, reflecting the accumulation of helminths with increasing host age. Only two cases of sex bias were found; male bias in abundance of P. muris and combined Digenea. We discuss the significance of these results and hypothesize about the underlying causes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy M. Behnke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NottinghamNG7 2RD, UK
| | - Michael T. Rogan
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, UK
| | - Philip S. Craig
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, UK
| | - Joseph A. Jackson
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, UK
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, SalfordM5 4WT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Momeni Roudsari H, Haseli M. Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov., a New Species of Polypocephalidae Meggitt, 1924 (Lecanicephalidea) from the Persian Gulf. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:178-184. [PMID: 32851554 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although many batoid species, known as final hosts of lecanicephalidean cestodes, exist in the Persian Gulf, no knowledge regarding this cestode order is available for this region. This study is the first one focusing on this order in the Persian Gulf. METHODS A total of 11 cowtail stingrays, Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål), were collected from the north eastern Persian Gulf. Isolated cestodes were fixed in 10% seawater-buffered formalin and stored in 70% ethanol. For morphological examinations, worms were stained using acetic carmine; a subset was prepared for SEM. RESULTS A new species of Polypocephalus Braun, 1878 was described. Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov. is the only species within its genus reported outside the waters of Japan, India, Sri Lanka, and Egypt in the Indian Ocean. Since the microtriches were not described in the generic diagnosis of Polypocephalus, the description of the microtriches is added based on the standardised terminology. Furthermore, the characteristics of this new species were discussed and compared within Polypocephalus, many species of which have poor descriptions. CONCLUSIONS Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov. is the first report of the genus Polypocephalus in the Persian Gulf and the 15th valid species of its genus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Havva Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, 4193833697, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Haseli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box: 41335-1914, 4193833697, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Biswas R, Oros M, Barčák D, Scholz T, Ash A. Crossing barriers of zoogeographical regions: Molecular evidence of vicariance of the only cestode parasite of loaches (Cobitidae) in the Indomalayan region, Paracaryophyllaeus lepidocephali (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), and its redescription. Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102309. [PMID: 33640409 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tapeworms of the genus Paracaryophyllaeus Kulakovskaya, 1961 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) are specific parasites of loaches (Cypriniformes: Cobitoidea) and occur almost exclusively in the Palaearctic region. The only exception and example of vicariance over the borders of two zoogeographical regions is Paracaryophyllaeus lepidocephali (Kundu, 1985), an insufficiently known species described from the Indomalayan region, with uncertain generic allocation. In the present paper, the species is redescribed based on new material collected from the type host, Lepidocephalichthys guntea, in West Bengal, India. Molecular data reveal this species as a member of Paracaryophyllaeus, within which it is the most closely related to P. cf. gotoi from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in China and Japan on the basis of large subunit of ribosomal nuclear DNA (28S rDNA). Generic position of P. lepidocephali examined herein is also confirmed by morphology including cross sections, in particular, by a small, cylindrical body, medullary testes with testicular fields crossing the anterior margin of the cirrus sac, medullary vitelline follicles, with some follicles paramuscular, a shallow common genital atrium, short vagina and uterus not extending anteriorly beyond the cirrus sac. It differs from all Palaearctic congeners but Paracaryophyllaeus vladkae Scholz, Oros and Aydogdu, 2014 by the testicular field crossing the anterior margin of the cirrus sac. It differs from P. vladkae by more anterior position of the first vitelline follicles compared to the first testes. This species is a unique example of a fish tapeworm crossing the borders of the Palaearctic and Indomalayan zoogeographical regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshmi Biswas
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India
| | - Mikuláš Oros
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Barčák
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Scholz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic & Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anirban Ash
- Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Macchioni F, Coppola F, Furzi F, Gabrielli S, Baldanti S, Boni CB, Felicioli A. Taeniid cestodes in a wolf pack living in a highly anthropic hilly agro-ecosystem. Parasite 2021; 28:10. [PMID: 33544075 PMCID: PMC7863970 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Italian wolf population in human-modified landscapes has increased greatly in the last few decades. Anthropisation increases the risk of transmission of many zoonotic infections and in this context, control of taeniid cestode species needs to be addressed from a One Health perspective. Predator-prey interactions are at the root of taeniid cestode transmission, and the wolf plays a key role in the maintenance and transmission of taeniids. To date, all available data on the taeniids of wolves in Italy refer to populations living in a wild habitat. Between 2018 and 2019, we investigated taeniids in a wolf pack living in a highly anthropic hilly agro-ecosystem. Thirty-eight faecal samples were collected and analysed, 4 of which were also genetically characterised for individual wolves and belonged to three different animals. Samples collected were analysed microscopically and by molecular analysis in order to identify the taeniid species. Taeniid eggs were detected in 34.2% (13/38) of samples. Within samples positive to taeniid eggs only Echinococcus granulosus s.s. and Taenia hydatigena were identified in 26.3% and 10.5% of the samples, respectively. On microscopic examination, Capillaria spp., Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara canis eggs, Crenosoma vulpis larvae, and coccidian oocysts were also found. The combination of low biodiversity of taeniid species with a high occurrence of E. granulosus s.s. recorded in this study could be the consequence of a deeper link occurring between wolves and livestock in human-modified landscapes than in wild settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Macchioni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Federica Furzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Simona Gabrielli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Samuele Baldanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetta Boni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa Viale delle Piagge 2 56124 Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bartosik J, Łojek J, Długosz E, Górski P, Zygner W. Molecular identification of tapeworms from Konik Polski horses from Biebrza National Park. Ann Parasitol 2021; 67:619-626. [PMID: 35247302 DOI: 10.17420/ap6704.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworm infections in Konik Polski horses from Biebrza National Park were investigated in this study. Faecal samples were collected 10 times: in 2012 - 1 time, in 2013 - 4 times, in 2014 - 4 times and in 2015 - 1 time. In total, 162 faecal samples were collected and tested. Faecal egg counts (FECs) method was used in the study. Positive samples with cestode eggs were noted only twice - in October 2012 and December 2013 in two adult mares (9 and 11 years old). The determined prevalence was surprisingly low comparing to other studies, 4.3% in October 2013 and 28.5% in December 2013. Parasite genomic DNA was isolated from posterior proglottids of tapeworms found in horse faeces after deworming, PCR technique was applied in order to determine the species of these tapeworms. No specific products were obtained using primers specific to rDNA sequence, whereas, a 620 bp fragment encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 100% homology to a corresponding fragment form Anoplocephala perfoliata tapeworm originating from a horse from the Czech Republic. To our knowledge this is the first report applying molecular techniques to tapeworm identification in Konik Polski horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bartosik
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Łojek
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Długosz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Górski
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zygner
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, ul. Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Parasitic infections can cause many respiratory, digestive and other diseases and contribute to some performance conditions in equids. However, knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites of equids in Iran is still limited. The present review covers all the information about parasitic diseases of horses, donkeys, mules and wild asses in Iran published as articles in Iranian and international journals, dissertations and congress papers from 1931 to July 2020. Parasites so far described in Iranian equids include species of 9 genera of the Protozoa (Trypanosoma, Giardia, Eimeria, Klossiella, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Theileria and Babesia), 50 helminth species from the digestive system (i.e., 2 trematodes, 3 cestodes and 37 nematodes) and from other organs (i.e., Schistosoma turkestanica, Echinococcus granulosus, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Parafilaria multipapillosa, Setaria equina and 3 Onchocerca spp.). Furthermore, 16 species of hard ticks, 3 mite species causing mange, 2 lice species, and larvae of 4 Gastrophilus species and Hippobosca equina have been reported from equids in Iran. Archeoparasitological findings in coprolites of equids include Fasciola hepatica, Oxyuris equi, Anoplocephala spp. and intestinal strongyles. Parasitic diseases are important issues in terms of animal welfare, economics and public health; however, parasites and parasitic diseases of equines have not received adequate attention compared with ruminants and camels in Iran. The present review highlights the knowledge gaps related to equines about the presence, species, genotypes and subtypes of Neospora hughesi, Sarcocystis spp., Trichinella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis and microsporidia. Identification of ticks vectoring pathogenic parasites, bacteria and viruses has received little attention, too. The efficacy of common horse wormers also needs to be evaluated systematically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Sazmand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978 Iran
| | - Aliasghar Bahari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978 Iran
| | - Sareh Papi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978 Iran
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978 Iran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Str. prov. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Juhásová L, Mikulíček P, Oravcová A, Minárik G, Štefka J. Comparative analysis of monozoic fish tapeworms Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) and recently described Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi Barčák, Oros, Hanzelová, Scholz, 2017, using microsatellite markers. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3995-4004. [PMID: 33000432 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06898-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The monozoic tapeworm Caryophyllaeus laticeps has been characterized by five markedly different morphotypes largely corresponding to different fish hosts. Recently, the most distinct morphotype 4 from the common nase Chondrostoma nasus was studied in more details resulting in description of a new species Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi. The molecular study based on mitochondrial cox1 and ribosomal lsrDNA did not reveal any interspecific differences between C. laticeps and C. chondrostomi and did not provide any molecular support for recognition of these two species. In the current study, six polymorphic microsatellite markers were applied in order to detect molecular differences between the two species and to provide molecular evidence of validity of C. chondrostomi. While all six microsatellite loci were amplified in different geographic populations of C. laticeps, only two of them provided the amplification product in C. chondrostomi. Results on the Bayesian analysis assigned C. chondrostomi and all geographic populations of C. laticeps to distinct clusters. Neither any close relationships among C. laticeps populations nor specific position of C. chondrostomi were revealed. Contrary, the results of the principal coordinate analysis revealed striking genetic separation of C. chondrostomi with no overlaps with any of the C. laticeps population or morphotype. Caryophyllaeus chondrostomi very probably underwent morphological divergence as a result of ongoing speciation, but this process has not yet been accompanied by sufficient genetic divergence. In this particular case, microsatellites were proved to be better molecular discriminative markers than rDNA and mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bazsalovicsová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Králová-Hromadová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Ludmila Juhásová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikulíček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Oravcová
- Medirex, a.s, Galvaniho 17/C, P.O. Box 143, 820 16, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minárik
- Medirex, a.s, Galvaniho 17/C, P.O. Box 143, 820 16, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Štefka
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bronstein AM, Fedyanina LV, Maximova MS, Lukashev AN, Sergeev AR. Nine cases of human dipylidiasis in Moscow region during 1987 to 2017. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:194-200. [PMID: 33612730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dipylidium caninum is a parasite that commonly infects dogs and cats worldwide. The large population of wild and stray dogs and cats may potentially transmit D. caninum to humans via their flea and lice. Humans are an accidental host, and dipylidiasis is more commonly seen in infants and children. There is scant information about human dipylidiasis in Russia. We report nine cases of dipylidiasis - eight in children and one in an adult. The patients were asymptomatic, except for excreting active proglottids in their faeces, which was the most common complaint. The clinical significance of asymptomatic dipylidiasis is not understood, except mothers were anxious because of the continuous appearance of active worms in the faeces of their children. The patients were successfully treated with praziquantel (15 mg/kg). Preventing dipylidiasis in pets and humans requires the control of fleas and lice, avoiding the outdoor defecation of definitive hosts, deworming pets, preventing children from playing with stray animals and spread of information about dipylidiasis among pet owners. Dogs and cats in many places in Russia breed freely, defecate outdoors in any area, and are not subjected to deworming and insect control. These circumstances favour the fact that, although this zoonosis is rare, it is a re-emerging disease and might reach important levels in Russia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Bronstein
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya St., 8/2, Russian Federation
- Pigorov Russian National Research Medical University (Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology), 119121 Moscow, Ostrovityaninova St., 1, Russian Federation
| | - L V Fedyanina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya St., 8/2, Russian Federation
| | - M S Maximova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya St., 8/2, Russian Federation
| | - A N Lukashev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya St., 8/2, Russian Federation
| | - A R Sergeev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya St., 8/2, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Hong X, Liu SN, Jiang P, Zhao SC, Sun CX, Wang ZQ, Cui J. Large-scale survey of a neglected agent of sparganosis Spirometra erinaceieuropaei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae) in wild frogs in China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008019. [PMID: 32101542 PMCID: PMC7043720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In China, frogs play an understudied role in the spread of human sparganosis (caused by the larval form of Spirometra). However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains fragmented, and the taxonomic identification of the parasite is still controversial. Methodology/Principal findings The prevalence of sparganum infection in wild frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations from 28 of the 34 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China for six years. The collected sparganum isolates from the different locations were subjected to molecular identification by a multiplex PCR assay and then were analysed with clustering analysis. In the survey, sparganum infection was found in 8 out of 13 of the collected frog species, and the most frequently infected species was Pelophylax nigromaculatus (the infection rate was up to 14.07%). Infected frogs were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations. The sparganum infection rates in the wild frogs in several regions of China were still high (above 10%), especially in South and Southwest China. A total of 72 spargana were selected for molecular identification, and the clustering analysis showed that sequences from the Chinese isolates were very similar to those identified as from Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. However, the taxonomy of the genus remains confused and further analysis is required. Conclusions Eating wild frogs is associated with considerable health risks in China. Several traditional Chinese folk remedies may increase the risk of infection. The sparganum isolates in China are most likely from S. erinaceieuropaei, but new studies, especially comprehensive morphological analyses, are needed in the future. Human sparganosis has increased in recent years in China. Frogs play an important role in the spread of sparganosis. However, our knowledge about the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs remains incomplete, and the taxonomic identification of sparganum is still controversial. In this study, the prevalence of sparganum infection in frogs was surveyed at 145 geographical locations in China. In addition, 72 spargana representing 72 distinct geographical isolates were selected for molecular identification. Frogs that tested positive for sparganum infection were found in 80 of the 145 surveyed locations, and the average infection rate was 10.96% (447/4078), with most of the spargana present in the thigh muscles of the infected frogs. The levels of sparganum infections in wild frogs in South and Southwest China were higher than those in the central and eastern regions. In the molecular identification analysis, all of the isolates revealed two specific bands in the multiplex PCR assay; the further clustering analysis of the sequenced PCR products showed that the Chinese isolates had a close relationship with Spirometra erinaceieuropaei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiu Hong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi Nan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Chuan Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuan Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZQW); (JC)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Demiaszkiewicz AW, Pyziel AM, Lachowicz J, Filip-Hutsch K. Occurrence of tapeworms Moniezia benedeni (Moniez, 1879) in European bison Bison bonasus L. in Białowieża Primeval Forest. Ann Parasitol 2020; 66:107–109. [PMID: 32199002 DOI: 10.17420/ap6601.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tapeworms Moniezia benedeni are cosmopolitan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of those tapeworms in European bison in Białowieża Primeval Forest. Parasitological necropsy of small intestine of 26 bison, aged from 3 months to 26 years was performed in years 2007–2011. Tapeworms M. benedeni were isolated from 11 examined animals and the prevalence of infection was estimated on 42.3%. Intensity of infection was ranging from 2 to 25 tapeworms and the mean intensity was estimated on 5.8 specimens. Prevalence in the group of calves reached 50% and in adult bison – 33.3%. Intensity of infection in calves was estimated on 2 to 5 tapeworms while in adult animals it was ranging from 1 to 2 parasites. High prevalence of tapeworms M. benedeni in European bison might result from poor condition or weak immunity of eliminated animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M. Pyziel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Lachowicz
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology PAS, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kashinskaya EN, Simonov EP, Izvekova GI, Parshukov AN, Andree KB, Solovyev MM. Composition of the microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of perch (Perca fluviatilis L. 1758) and cestodes parasitizing the perch digestive tract. J Fish Dis 2020; 43:23-38. [PMID: 31663143 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using the approach of sequencing the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we have analysed the bacterial diversity associated with the distinct compartments of the gastrointestinal tract of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and cestodes (Proteocephalus sp.) parasitizing their digestive tract. The dominant microbiota associated with cestodes (Proteocephalus sp.) was represented by bacteria from the genera Serratia, Pseudomonas and Mycoplasma. By comparing the associated microbiota of perch and cestodes, a clear difference in bacterial composition and diversity was revealed between the community from the stomach content and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract of fish. Microbiota associated with cestodes was not significantly different in comparison with microbiota of different subcompartments of perch (mucosa and content of intestine and pyloric caeca) (ADONIS, p > .05) excluding microbiota of stomach content (ADONIS, p ≤ .05). PICRUSt-based functional assessments of the microbial communities of perch and cestodes indicated that they mainly linked in terms of metabolism and environmental information processing and could play an important role in the nutrition and health of host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Kashinskaya
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy P Simonov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina I Izvekova
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
| | - Aleksey N Parshukov
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | | | - Mikhail M Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lehman B, Leal SM, Procop GW, O'Connell E, Shaik J, Nash TE, Nutman TB, Jones S, Braunthal S, Shah SN, Cruise MW, Mukhopadhyay S, Banzon J. Disseminated Metacestode Versteria Species Infection in Woman, Pennsylvania, USA 1. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1429-1431. [PMID: 31211937 PMCID: PMC6590738 DOI: 10.3201/eid2507.190223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient in Pennsylvania, USA, with common variable immunodeficiency sought care for fever, cough, and abdominal pain. Imaging revealed lesions involving multiple organs. Liver resection demonstrated necrotizing granulomas, recognizable tegument, and calcareous corpuscles indicative of an invasive cestode infection. Sequencing revealed 98% identity to a Versteria species of cestode found in mink.
Collapse
|
28
|
Eudy E, Caira JN, Jensen K. A New Species of Pentaloculum (Cestoda: "Tetraphyllidea") from the Taiwan Saddled Carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum (Orectolobiformes: Parascylliidae). J Parasitol 2019; 105:303-312. [PMID: 30990771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Collection of cestodes from the Taiwan saddled carpetshark, Cirrhoscyllium formosanum, for the first time led to the discovery of Pentaloculum hoi n. sp. This species provided important insights into the identity of the heretofore monotypic Pentaloculum-known previously only from the blind electric ray, Typhlonarke aysoni, in New Zealand. The new species differs from Pentaloculum macrocephalum in testis number, vitelline follicle and cirrus sac configuration, and in that it is hyperapolytic rather than euapolytic. Maximum-likelihood analysis of sequence data generated for the D1-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene not only confirmed this generic placement but also confirmed the close affinities between both species of Pentaloculum and specimens previously referred to in the literature as new genus 7 n. sp. 1. Examination of limited material of the latter, including that of a second specimen from which partial 28S rDNA sequence data were generated here, led to the realization that new genus 7 n. sp. 1 represents an undescribed species of Pentaloculum, referred to here as Pentaloculum n. sp. 2. All 3 species share bothridia divided into 1 anterior and 2 consecutive pairs of loculi. Given that Pentaloculum n. sp. 2 parasitizes a member of the second and only other genus of parascylliid sharks (i.e., Parascyllium), we predict that the 4 other species of Parascyllium and the 2 other species of Cirrhoscyllium are likely to host other species of Pentaloculum. The factors that might account for the eclectic host associations of Pentaloculum, which include a torpediniform ray and 2 species of orectilobiform sharks, are currently unclear. The compilation of diet data for these elasmobranchs and determination of the final intermediate hosts for these cestodes would be interesting avenues of further investigation given that cestodes are trophically transmitted between their intermediate and definitive hosts. The phylogenetic affinities of Pentaloculum among elasmobranch cestodes remain unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Eudy
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043
| | - J N Caira
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 75 N. Eagleville Road Unit 3043, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3043
| | - K Jensen
- 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Biodiversity Institute, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hreinsdóttir I, Hreinsdóttir A, Eydal M, Tysnes KR, Robertson LJ. Anoplocephala perfoliata Infection in Horses in Iceland: Investigation of Associations Between Intensity of Infection and Lesions. J Parasitol 2019; 105:379-386. [PMID: 31038388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In Iceland, there is at least 1 horse for every 5 human inhabitants, mostly kept on uncultivated rangelands. Although the Icelandic horse is considered robust compared with other breeds, it is nevertheless susceptible to disease. Few studies have investigated the prevalence of intestinal parasites in horses in Iceland. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata, in horses in Iceland and to explore associations between intensity of infection and the severity of macroscopic pathological lesions in this population. In addition, the relationship between infection and geographical location in Iceland, horse age, and gender were investigated. The utility of a modified McMaster flotation method for identifying infected horses from fecal samples was also studied. The study sample consisted of 104 horses (aged 1-30 yr) slaughtered in 3 abattoirs in North and South Iceland during June and July 2016. The prevalence of A. perfoliata in the horses was 64.4%, with between 1-131 worms found in infected horses. The pathological changes in the horses associated with infection varied from mild (hyperemia in small areas) to severe (large ulcers and necrotic lesions coated with fibrin), and intensity of infection correlated with the size and type of pathological lesions in the intestines. No statistically significant associations between infection with A. perfoliata and geographical location, horse age, or horse gender were detected. The McMaster egg counting method used here was of very low sensitivity (7.4%) and was concluded to be inadequate for detection of A. perfoliata infection in horses. The prevalence of A. perfoliata in horses in Iceland in this study was found to be relatively high compared with results from many studies performed elsewhere in Europe. This may reflect the lack of treatment of horses in Iceland for this parasite, the environmental suitability for the intermediate mite host, and grazing management practices in Iceland. The high prevalence and association with pathology suggest that diagnosis of infection using a sensitive method, along with appropriate treatment, should be considered for horses in Iceland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Hreinsdóttir
- 1 Parasitology Lab., Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
- 2 Present address: Västra Långgatan 35, 441 33 Alingsås, Sweden
| | - Audur Hreinsdóttir
- 1 Parasitology Lab., Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
- 3 Present address: Rødstuveien 2, 0572 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthías Eydal
- 4 Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, Keldnavegur 3, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kristoffer Relling Tysnes
- 1 Parasitology Lab., Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- 1 Parasitology Lab., Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsuboi M, Hayakawa K, Yamasaki H, Katanami Y, Yamamoto K, Kutsuna S, Takeshita N, Kanagawa S, Ohmagari N, Kato Y. Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of intestinal tapeworm infections over the last decade in Tokyo, Japan: A retrospective review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006297. [PMID: 29462133 PMCID: PMC5834203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tapeworm (cestode) infections occur worldwide even in developed countries and globalization has further complicated the epidemiology of such infections. Nonetheless, recent epidemiological data on cestode infections are limited. Our objectives were to elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of diphyllobothriosis and taeniosis in Tokyo, Japan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We retrospectively reviewed 24 cases of human intestinal cestode infection from January 2006 to December 2015 at a tertiary referral hospital in Tokyo, Japan. The patients included were diagnosed with cestode infection based on morphological and/or molecular identification of expelled proglottids and/or eggs and treated in our hospital. Fifteen and 9 patients were diagnosed with diphyllobothriosis and taeniosis, respectively. The median patient age was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26-42 years), and 13 (54%) were male. Most of the patients (91.7%) were Japanese. All patients were successfully treated with praziquantel without recurrence. Diphyllobothriosis was caused by Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in all patients. Taeniosis was due to infection of Taenia saginata in 8 [88.9%] patients and T. asiatica in 1 [11.1%] patient. All patients with taeniosis were infected outside Japan, as opposed to those with diphyllobothriosis, which were domestic. The source locations of taeniosis were mostly in developing regions. The median duration of the stay of the patients with taeniosis at the respective source location was 1 month (IQR: 1-8). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The cestode infection, especially with D. nihonkaiense, has frequently occurred, even in Japanese cities, thereby implicating the probable increase in the prevalence of diphyllobothriosis among travelers, as the number of travelers is expected to increase owing to the Tokyo Olympics/Paralympics in 2020. In addition, medical practitioners should be aware of the importance of providing advice to travelers to endemic countries of taeniosis, including the potential risks of infection and preventive methods for these infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Tsuboi
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamasaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Katanami
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takeshita
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuzo Kanagawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Borgstrøm R, Trømborg J, Haugen TO, Rosseland BO. Plerocercoids of the cestode Diphyllobothrium ditremum in brown trout Salmo trutta: substantial increase in infection after establishment of European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:912-927. [PMID: 28758219 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on plerocercoids of the cestode Diphyllobothrium ditremum in brown trout Salmo trutta from the subalpine lake Øvre Heimdalsvatn in south-central Norway. Salmo trutta was the only fish species in this lake until European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus was registered in 1969. The P. phoxinus population increased substantially in the following years. In contrast with the 1969-1972 period, when plerocercoids of D. ditremum were practically absent in S. trutta, there was a high prevalence and intensity of infection in the 2013 S. trutta samples. Because the life cycle of D. ditremum involves two larval stages, in copepods and salmonids and mature worms in piscivorous birds, such as mergansers and loons, a change in feeding ecology of S. trutta or changes in population densities of copepods, fish or birds might have influenced the infection pattern. No relationships between D. ditremum infection and muscle-tissue δ15 N signature or Hg concentration were found, indicating that infection is not a result of piscivory or cannibalism. Furthermore, consumption of copepods by S. trutta during summer and autumn was low. On the other hand, the number of piscivorous birds has increased, probably due to the presence of P. phoxinus as a new and numerous prey. An increased number of final D. ditremum hosts may have produced a higher output of cestode eggs, resulting in more infected copepods that in turn are consumed by S. trutta. Indirectly, P. phoxinus may therefore have caused the observed increased infection in S. trutta and thereby imposed further negative effects on S. trutta in high mountain areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Borgstrøm
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - J Trømborg
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - T O Haugen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - B O Rosseland
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bosi G, Giari L, DePasquale JA, Carosi A, Lorenzoni M, Dezfuli BS. Protective responses of intestinal mucous cells in a range of fish-helminth systems. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1001-1014. [PMID: 28026022 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological, immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies were conducted on the intestines of four fish species infected with different taxa of enteric helminths. Brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta), eel (Anguilla anguilla) and tench (Tinca tinca) obtained from Lake Piediluco (central Italy) were examined. Brown trout and eel were infected with two species of acanthocephalans, and tench was parasitized with a tapeworm species. In addition to the above site, specimens of chub (Squalius cephalus) and brown trout infected with an acanthocephalan were examined from the River Brenta (north Italy). Moreover, eels were examined from a brackish water, Comacchio lagoons (north Italy), where one digenean species was the predominant enteric worm. All the helminths species induced a similar response, the hyperplasia of the intestinal mucous cells, particularly of those secreting acid mucins. Local endocrine signals seemed to affect the production and secretion of mucus in the parasitized fish, as worms often were surrounded by an adherent mucus layer or blanket. This is the first quantitative report of enteric worm effects on the density of various mucous cell types and on the mucus composition in intestine of infected/uninfected conspecifics. We provide a global comparison between the several fish-helminth systems examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - A Carosi
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Lorenzoni
- Department of Cellular and Environmental Biology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McAllister CT, Bursey CR. A new species of Oochoristica (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) from non-native Mediterranean geckos, Hemidactylus turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Texas, USA. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:296-305. [PMID: 28426409 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new species of cyclophyllidean tapeworm, Oochoristica harschi sp. nov. is described from 2 of 18 (11%) non-native Mediterranean geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus) collected in June 2016 from Tom Green County, Texas, USA The new species has few characteristics in common with 17 species of Oochoristica previously described from Nearctic reptiles. Of this group, O. harschi is most similar to O. macallisteri Bursey and Goldberg, 1996 from the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana from Arizona and California, USA, in number of testes, 14-20 vs. 12-20. However, O. harschi has oval suckers and a long neck compared to the circular suckers and absent neck in O. macallisteri. On comparison with other species of Oochoristica, it was found O. chinensis Jensen, Schmidt and Kuntz, 1983 from the Sino-Japanese realm, O. iguanae Bursey and Goldberg, 1996 from the Neotropical realm, and O. maccoyi Bursey and Goldberg, 1966 from the Panamanian realm were most similar to the new species. However, O. harschi can be differentiated by possessing a much longer neck and a shorter cirrus pouch. It can be further differentiated from O. chinensis by possessing an ovoid vs. an irregular vitellarium, from O. iguanae by having a smaller strobilus (65 vs. 110 mm) as well as an ovoid vs. a triangular vitellarium, and from O. maccoyi by having significantly more proglottids (145 vs. 89) and a longer strobilus (65 vs. 20 mm). The new species is the fifth species of Oochoristica reported from non-native H. turcicus and the 18th species described from the Nearctic region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T McAllister
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745
| | - Charles R Bursey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 16146-1537
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shivasharanappa N, Sharma N, Sharma DK, Pawaiya RS, Vamadevan B, Mishra AK, Paul S. Neuropathological lesions of clinical and sub clinical Coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in organized goat farms in India. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:482-487. [PMID: 28426417 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and sub clinical cases of Coenurosis due to Coenurus cerebralis in goats were documented based on clinical, post mortem examination, identification of parasitic stages, gross and histopathological lesions in brain of animals died due to abnormal neurological symptoms. The most prominent site of predilection of coenuri cysts in brain was cerebral hemispheres and multiple cysts were found in majority of the cases. Generalized congestion, thinning of brain parenchyma due to pressure atrophy, gliosis, neuronal degeneration, protoscolices in brain parenchyma and inflammatory cell reactions predominantly comprised of lymphocytes and macrophages were prominent neuropathological lesions observed in brain. This study had significant implications in understanding the neuropathological lesions to suggest suitable prevention and control measures in organized goat farms in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitika Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122
| | - Rajveer Singh Pawaiya
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122
| | - Beena Vamadevan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122
| | - Souvik Paul
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
McAllister CT, Seville RS, Bursey CR. Helminth (Cestoda, Nematoda) and coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) parasites of the eastern small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Arkansas, with a description of a new species of Eimeria. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:377-381. [PMID: 28426407 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During May and July 2016, 32 eastern small-footed myotis (Myotis leibii) were collected from five counties of northwestern Arkansas and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. Four of 32 (13%) M. leibii harboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. Oocysts of Eimeria sassei sp. n. were ovoidal to ellipsoidal with a bi-layered wall and measured (length × width, L × W) 18.3 × 15.2 µm, with an L/W ratio of 1.2. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent but 1-2 polar granules were present. Sporocysts were ovoidal, 9.6 × 6.3 µm, with an L/W ratio of 1.5. A pronounced, button-like Stieda body was present but substieda and parastieda bodies were absent. A sporocyst residuum was present as distinct aligned or dispersed granules. One bat that we found dead was examined for helminth parasites. It harbored the tapeworm, Vampirolepis sp. and a nematode, Seuratum cancellatum. This is the first coccidian as well as the second helminths reported from M. leibii. In addition, this is the seventh species of coccidian parasite documented from Arkansas bats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris T McAllister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, Oklahoma 74745
| | - R Scott Seville
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Casper, Wyoming 82601
| | - Charles R Bursey
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University-Shenango, Sharon, Pennsylvania 68421
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The main source of many zoonoses is soil contaminated with feline and canine faeces. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray dogs and cats adopted in Lodz shelter (Poland). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 163 faecal samples were collected from 95 dogs and 68 cats from 2011 to 2012. The samples were processed by sedimentation techniques using Mini Parasep®SF. RESULTS Six parasite genera belonging to protozoa, cestoda, and nematoda, were found in dogs, while eight were found in cats. Out of the 163 fecal samples, 37.4% were positive for the presence at least one species of intestinal parasites. The majority of positive dog samples contained eggs from Toxocara and Trichuris genera, and the family Ancylostomatidae, while Toxocara and Taenia eggs, as well as Cystoisospora oocysts, predominated in cat faeces. A significantly higher prevalence of parasites was noted in cats (48.5%) than in dogs (29.5%) (χ2=6.15, P=0.013). The Toxocara genus was the most prevalent parasite in both populations; eggs were found in 27.9% and 16.8% of cats and dogs, respectively. Animals younger than 12 months of age showed higher infection rates with Toxocara, but differences were not statistically significant. The average numbers of Toxocara eggs/gram of faeces in positive puppy and kitten samples were over 5 and 7 times higher than in older dogs and cats, respectively. Mixed infection were found in dogs (5.3%) and cats (8.8%). CONCLUSIONS Cat faeces represent a more important potential source of environmental contamination with zoonotic parasites than dog faeces. Among the detected parasites of stray dogs and cats, Toxocara present an important zoonotic risk for the local human population, especially children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szwabe
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Blaszkowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases and Mycoses, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Flores V, Viozzi G, Garibotti G, Zacharias D, Debiaggi MF, Kabaradjian S. Echinococcosis and other parasitic infections in domestic dogs from urban areas of an Argentinean Patagonian city. Medicina (B Aires) 2017; 77:469-474. [PMID: 29223937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In urban populations of South America, dogs with free access to public areas represent a public health concern. The primary consequence of roaming dogs on human health is the transmission of infectious and parasitic diseases mainly through feces contamination. The main diseases likely to be transmitted are hydatidosis or echinococcosis, larva migrans, and giardiasis. In Argentina, hydatidosis ranks among the most prevalent zoonosis. Although it is considered a rural disease, the circulation of this parasite in urban areas has been documented. The aim of this work was to survey intestinal parasites in canine feces from two low-income urban neighborhoods of Bariloche city, Argentina, and to assess their seasonal variation. During 2016, 188 fresh dog feces were collected from sidewalks in 40 randomly selected blocks from the neighborhoods. Each sample was processed by Sheater flotation and tested for a coproantigen (CAg) by ELISA. The percentage of parasitized feces was 65.3% (95% CI: 55.9%-73.8%). Eleven parasite species were found, 3 protozoan, 3 cestodes, and 5 nematodes. Echinococcus sp. was present in 9.3% of the samples (95% CI: 4.7%-16.1%). Canine echinococcosis rates resulted similar to rates found previously in other neighborhoods of the city. The life cycle of Echinococcus sp. is sustained in urban areas by the entry of parasitized livestock, domiciliary slaughtering, and inadequate deposition of offal. The risk of Echinococcus sp. transmission to people in these neighborhoods is very high, due to high density of free-roaming dogs and high percentages of infected feces, similar to percentages observed in rural areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Flores
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo), Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Gustavo Viozzi
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, INIBIOMA (CONICET-UNCo), Argentina
| | - Gilda Garibotti
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Daniela Zacharias
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Debiaggi
- Cátedra de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Surpik Kabaradjian
- Unidad Regional de Sanidad Ambiental de la Provincia de Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lee LM, Wallace RS, Clyde VL, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Sibley SD, Stuchin M, Lauck M, O'Connor DH, Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Hoberg EP, Goldberg TL. Definitive Hosts of Versteria Tapeworms (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Causing Fatal Infection in North America. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:707-10. [PMID: 26983004 PMCID: PMC4806962 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported fatal infection of a captive Bornean orangutan with metacestodes of a novel taeniid tapeworm, Versteria sp. New data implicate mustelids as definitive hosts of these tapeworms in North America. At least 2 parasite genetic lineages circulate in North America, representing separate introductions from Eurasia.
Collapse
|
39
|
Oda FH, Borteiro C, da Graça RJ, Tavares LER, Crampet A, Guerra V, Lima FS, Bellay S, Karling LC, Castro O, Takemoto RM, Pavanelli GC. Parasitism by larval tapeworms genus Spirometra in South American amphibians and reptiles: new records from Brazil and Uruguay, and a review of current knowledge in the region. Acta Trop 2016; 164:150-164. [PMID: 27613585 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spargana are plerocercoid larvae of cestode tapeworms of the genus Spirometra, Family Diphyllobothriidae, parasitic to frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. This parasitic disease in humans can be transmitted through the use and consumption of amphibians and reptiles. The available knowledge about Spirometra in South America is scarce, and there are only a few reports on the occurrence of sparganum in amphibians and reptiles, many of them published in old papers not easily available to researchers. In this work we present a review on this topic, provide new records in two species of amphibians and 7 species of reptiles from Brazil and Uruguay respectively. We also summarize current knowledge of Spirometra in the continent, along with an updated of host taxonomy. We could gather from the literature a total of 15 studies about amphibian and reptile hosts, published between 1850 and 2016, corresponding to 43 case reports, mostly from Brazil (29) and Uruguay (8), Argentina (3), Peru (2), and Venezuela (1); the majority of them related to reptiles (five lizards and 26 snake species), and 14 corresponded to amphibians (9 anurans). Plerocercoid larvae were located in different organs of the hosts, such as subcutaneous tissue, coelomic cavity, peritoneum, and musculature. The importance of amphibians and reptiles in the transmission of the disease to humans in South America is discussed. Relevant issues to be studied in the near future are the taxonomic characterization of Spirometra in the region and the biological risk of reptile meat for aboriginal and other rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício H Oda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Borteiro
- Sección Herpetología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, 25 de mayo 582, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rodrigo J da Graça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Eduardo R Tavares
- Departamento de Patologia, Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária S/N, CEP 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Alejandro Crampet
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Vinicius Guerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia S Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Sybelle Bellay
- Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Letícia C Karling
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Km 04, s/n Comunidade de São Cristóvão, CEP 85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Castro
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1500, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ricardo M Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aqüicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto C Pavanelli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar, Avenida Guedner 1610, Jardim Aclimação, CEP 87050-390, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hong Q, Feng J, Liu H, Li X, Gong L, Yang Z, Yang W, Liang X, Zheng R, Cui Z, Wang W, Chen D. Prevalence of Spirometra mansoni in dogs, cats, and frogs and its medical relevance in Guangzhou, China. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 53:41-45. [PMID: 27777093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sparganosis is an important parasitic disease in Guangzhou and is mainly acquired through the consumption of frog meat or contact with fresh frogs infected by larval stages (spargana) of the tapeworm species Spirometra mansoni. METHODS In this study, the prevalence of intestinal S. mansoni infections (with adult parasites) in dogs and cats and of extraintestinal S. mansoni infections (with spargana) in frogs was assessed. In addition, a questionnaire survey was carried out among residents in Guangzhou City in order to evaluate their awareness about the medical and epidemiological relevance of Spirometra and sparganosis. RESULTS In total, the feces of 229 dogs and 116 cats were examined for eggs, and 1949 frogs were examined for spargana. Sixty-three dogs (27.5%) and 47 cats (40.5%) had eggs in their feces. Two hundred and sixteen out of 416 wild Rana tigrina rugulosa Wiegmann frogs examined were sparganum-positive, with an infection rate of 51.9%, while the infection rate in Rana limnocharis Boie was 35.1% (13/37). None of the tested farmed frogs (including R. tigrina rugulosa and Rana catesbeiana) was positive (0/1382). Analysis of the questionnaire revealed the following results: (1) about 41.0% of residents in Guangzhou had some knowledge of sparganosis or sparganum infection, and information in TV programs was the most important way that residents learned about sparganosis. (2) About 59.9% of the residents ate frog meat. Eating the meat, viscera, or blood of animals, e.g., frogs, snakes, pigs, chicken, mice, and birds, in an improper way might be the main means by which residents acquire the infection. (3) The risk of sparganum infection was higher in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS A high sparganum infection rate was observed in the wild frogs sold in agricultural product markets in Guangzhou. The infection was also serious in cats and dogs in Guangdong Province. With lifestyles and eating habits resulting in sparganum infection, it is necessary to focus on market management and community education in order to prevent the transmission of this disease in Guangzhou.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Hong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Jieping Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Haijuan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Lirong Gong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Weiming Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Xiongfa Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Rujiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Zhicai Cui
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee JY, Kim JW, Park GM. Plerocercoids of Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Tentacularidae) in Squids, Todarodes pacificus, from East Sea, the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 2016; 54:221-4. [PMID: 27180583 PMCID: PMC4870981 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A visceral helminth of the squid, Todarodes pacificus, is reported from the East Sea, the Republic of Korea. Total 39 squid samples were purchased from a fish market in Jumunjin-eup, Gangneung-si (City) from August 2014 to July 2015 and were examined for helminth parasites with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope after opening the abdominal cavity with a pair of scissors. Whitish larval worms were mainly found in the stomach and abdominal cavity of the squid. They were detected in 25 (64.1%) out of 39 squids examined, and the infection density was 7 larvae per infected squid. Spatula-shaped larvae were 8.2×2.0 mm in average size, round to slightly flattened anteriorly, with round hatching posteriorly, and had characteristic 4 tentacles with numerous hooklets in the scolex. The larvae were identified as the plerocercoid stage of Nybelinia surmenicola by their morphological features. This finding represents a new host record and the first report of N. surmenicola infection in T. pacificus squids from the east coast of Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yup Lee
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Ji Woon Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Gab Man Park
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology and Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Morris T, Avenant-Oldewage A, Lamberth S, Reed C. Shark parasites as bio-indicators of metals in two South African embayments. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 104:221-228. [PMID: 26856641 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of metals in the tissues of the sharks Callorhinchus capensis, Rhinobatos annulatus and Rhinobatos blochii collected in False Bay and Saldanha Bay, South Africa, in 2013 were investigated. Metal concentrations in the tissue of the parasites Gyrocotyle plana infecting the spiral intestine of C. capensis and Proleptus obtusus infecting the stomach of R. annulatus and R. blochii were also analysed. G. plana showed accumulation of arsenic (4073.52±5561.54 μg/g), manganese (522.16±578.21 μg/g), lead (64.87±101.7 μg/g), titanium (1821.42±1348.16 μg/g) and zinc (12439.57±9743.60 μg/g). These results when compared to baseline values, showed that accumulation of the metals in G. plana are orders of magnitude higher than those in the surrounding environment and 2 to 6 times the concentration of the surrounding host's tissues. These results show the usefulness of marine endoparasites as early warning indicators of heavy metal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Stephen Lamberth
- Fisheries Management, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, Cape Town 8012, South Africa
| | - Cecile Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rouis SO, Rouis AO, Dumont HJ, Magellan K, Arab A. Dynamics and effects of Ligula intestinalis (L.) infection in the native fish Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 in Algeria. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:307-18. [PMID: 27078654 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the emergence, duration, and decline phases in epizootic cycles are well known for humans and some crops, but they are poorly understood for host-parasite systems in the wild. Parasites may be particularly insidious as they are often introduced unintentionally, simultaneously with their hosts, and later transferred to species in the new location. Here we investigate the epizootic dynamics of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis in the Hamiz reservoir, Algeria, and explore its effects on the cyprinid fish Barbus callensis. Regular sampling was conducted from October 2005 to February 2008 with intermittent surveys carried out until 2010. Five percent of the 566 specimens of B. callensis that were caught were infected, with the maximum number of parasites found in spring. There was no obvious difference in weight between uninfected fish and infected ones, and infection did not affect fish condition. However, infected fish were significantly longer than uninfected fish and had inhibited gonad development. The proportion of infected fish caught was significantly higher in year 1 and by the second winter, infection collapsed to zero. The Ligula infection thus appeared to have minimal ecological effects and be of a temporary nature, thus exhibiting an epizootic cycle. Taken together, our data indicates that this infection declined or even failed during our study period. Failure may be due to the specific genetic strain of Ligula, but invasive carp may also have been influential in both the introduction and subsequent decline of this parasite.
Collapse
|
44
|
Skrzypczak M, Rolbiecki L. Helmintofauna of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southern Baltic Sea including new data. Pol J Vet Sci 2015; 18:599-605. [PMID: 26618593 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a fish belonging to the Pleuronectiformes order. It is commonly observed in waters of the northern Atlantic, and also in the Baltic Sea. As an economically significant species, it is fished on an industrial scale, and also farmed in some European countries. Seventy-two turbots from the Gulf of Gdańsk (26th ICES zone) were examined for parasite presence in the years 2010-2012. The study revealed the presence of the tapeworm Bothriocephalus scorpii (Müller, 1776) and acanthocephalan Corynosoma semerme (Forssell, 1904). The overall (both parasites) prevalence of turbot infection was 100% with a mean intensity of 18.7. C. semerme is a parasite which has not been noted so far in turbot from the southern Baltic. The presence of C. semerme in turbot was emphasized in the context of possible infection of terrestrial mammals, including humans.
Collapse
|
45
|
Menoret A, Ivanov VA. Eutetrarhynchid trypanorhynchs (Cestoda) from elasmobranchs off Argentina, including the description of Dollfusiella taminii sp. n. and Parachristianella damiani sp. n., and amended description of Dollfusiella vooremi (São Clemente et Gomes, 1989). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014; 61:411-431. [PMID: 25549498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During a parasitological survey of teleosts and elasmobranchs in the Argentine Sea, 3 species of eutetrarhynchids were collected from the batoids Myliobatis goodei Garman and Psammobatis bergi Marini, and the shark Mustelus schmitti Springer. The specimens collected from Mu. schmitti were identified as Dollfusiela vooremi (Sπo Clemente et Gomes, 1989), whereas the specimens from My. goodei and Ps. bergi resulted in new species of Dollfusiella Campbell et Beveridge, 1994 and Parachristianella Dollfus, 1946, respectively. Dollfusiella taminii sp. n. from Ps. bergi is characterised by a distinct basal armature with basal swelling and a heteroacanthous homeomorphous metabasal armature with 7-9 falcate hooks per principal row. Parachristianella damiani sp. n. from My. goodei lacks a distinct basal armature, having 2-3 initial rows of uncinate hooks, a heteroacanthous heteromorphous metabasal armature with the first principal row of small hooks, followed by rows with 10-14 large hooks. This is the first record of Parachristianella in the southwestern Atlantic. The amended description of D. vooremi includes the detailed description of the tentacular armature, including SEM micrographs of all tentacular surfaces. This species is characterised by a basal armature consisting of rows of uncinate and falcate hooks, a basal swelling and a metabasal armature with billhooks on the antibothrial surface and uncinate hooks on the bothrial surface. The scolex peduncle of D. vooremi is covered with enlarged spinitriches. This species is restricted to carcharhiniform sharks, since the report of D. vooremi in Sympterygia bonapartii Müller et Henle off Bahia Blanca (Argentina) is dubious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Menoret
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Weyl OLF, Taraschewski H, Moravec F. Are African longfin eel imports a potential pathway for parasite invasions? J Fish Dis 2014; 37:843-845. [PMID: 23992132 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O L F Weyl
- Center for Invasion Biology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Grahamstown, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Richmond R. Human disease from tapeworm still a threat in Australia. Aust Vet J 2014; 92:N18. [PMID: 25207349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
48
|
Moghadam MMM, Haseli M. Halysioncum kishiense sp. n. and Echinobothrium parsadrayaiense sp. n. (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from the banded eagle ray, Aetomylaeus cf. nichofii off the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014; 61:133-140. [PMID: 24822319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two new species of two genera of the order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863, Halysioncum Caira, Marques, Jensen, Kuchta et Ivanov, 2013 and Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 sensu stricto are described from Aetomylaeus cf. nichoffi (Bloch et Schneider) off the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. Halysioncum kishiense sp. n. differs from all other congeners in the number of apical hooks with the exception of H. hoffmanorum (Tyler, 2001) and H. pigmentatum (Ostrowski de Núñez, 1971). Halysioncum kishiense sp. n. can be easily differentiated from H. hoffmanorum and H. pigmentatum by the number of hooklets and testis numbers. Echinobothrium parsadrayaiense sp. n. is differentiated from all its congeners except for E. acanthinophyllum Rees, 1961 by its hook formula. The number of spines per column on the cephalic peduncle, the number of testes and possession of a thick-walled rather than thin-walled vagina distinguish E. parsadrayaiense sp. n. from E. acanthinophyllum. To date, with these two new species, five species of Diphyllidea have been reported from the Persian Gulf.
Collapse
|
49
|
Beveridge I. A review of the genus Paramoniezia Maplestone et Southwell, 1923 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), with a new genus, Phascolocestus, from wombats (Marsupialia) and redescriptions of Moniezia mettami Baylis, 1934 and Moniezia phacochoeri (Baylis, 1927) comb. n. from African warthogs (Artiodactyla). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014; 61:21-33. [PMID: 24684050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Paramoniezia suis Maplestone et Southwell, 1923 is redescribed from the type and only specimen, and is considered to be a genus inquirendum and species inquirenda, possibly based on a host misidentification. Paramoniezia phacochoeri Baylis, 1927 is redescribed from new material from Phacochoerus africanus (Gmelin) from South Africa and is transferred to Moniezia Blanchard. 1891 as M. phacochoeri (Baylis, 1927) comb. n. A redescription of M. mettami Baylis, 1934, also from Ph. africanus, establishes the independence of the two congeneric species parasitizing warthogs. A new genus, Phascolocestus, is erected for Paramoniezia johnstoni Beveridge, 1976 from vombatid marsupials as Phascolocestus johnstoni (Beveridge, 1976) comb. n., and additional host and distributional data are provided for this species.
Collapse
|
50
|
Cantó GJ, Guerrero RI, Olvera-Ramírez AM, Milián F, Mosqueda J, Aguilar-Tipacamú G. Prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming cats in central Mexico. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60744. [PMID: 23573282 PMCID: PMC3616013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fleas and gastrointestinal parasites in free-roaming and domestic cats in central Mexico was evaluated. Three hundred and fifty eight cats captured in the street or brought in by owners to the Animal Control Center Unit, a unit of State Government, from June 2010 to May 2011, were included in the study. All cats were examined for the presence of fleas and gastrointestinal worms. One-hundred and ninety (53%) cats were infested with at least one flea species. Single infestations were observed in 106 (30%) cats and mixed infestations in 84 (23%) cats. Four species of fleas were recovered: Ctenocephalides felis in 53% of the cats, C. canis in 18%, Echidnophaga gallinacea in 7% and Pulex irritans in 1%. One-hundred and sixty three (45%) cats were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal parasites: 48 (13%) with nematodes, 145 (40%) with cestodes, and one animal presented Moniliformis moniliformis. Prevalences and mean intensity of infection were: Physaloptera praeputialis 7 and 18; T. cati 3 and 2; Ancylostoma tubaeforme 2.5 and 2; Toxascaris leonina 0.5 and 2; Dipylidium caninum 36 and 32; Taenia taeniformis 4 and 3 and Moniliformis moniliformis 0.3 and 106, respectively. There was significant association (P<0.01), between season and ectoparasites load, more fleas were obtained in the summer and autumn than in the winter and spring; however, no statistical difference was observed for endoparasites load (P>0.05). The correlation between the total number of ectoparasites and endoparasites was not significant (r = 0.089, P = 0.094).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germinal J Cantó
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Queretaro, Qro, México.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|