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Gaber W, Khalil F, Mohamedien D. Prenatal developmental sequences of the esophageal epithelium in the New Zealand white rabbits: Light and electron microscopic analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:753-766. [PMID: 38053441 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Several morphogenetic sequences occur during esophageal development and birth defects occur due to defects in foregut morphogenesis. This work aimed to record the cellular events in the morphogenesis of rabbits' esophageal epithelium. On the 16th day of gestation, the esophageal epithelium varied from stratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous type. The surface epithelium presented mucous cells with mucigen granules of various sizes occupying their supranuclear cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was evident in all layers of the esophageal epithelium at this age. On the 18th gestational day, some light cells could be detected in the middle portion of the epithelium, while others occupied the whole epithelial length. On the 21st day, mucous cells are more frequently observed at the apical esophageal part as well as at the surface epithelium. Numerous elongated dark cells could be distinguished embedded between the basal cells. On the 24th gestational day the number of the mucous cells reached its peak. Reaching the 30th gestational day, several lamellar bodies, a keratinized layer and mitotic divisions could be demonstrated, and the number of both mucous and dark cells was greatly decreased. Collectively, detection of surface mucous and dark cells together with the non-cornified surface in some regions of the rabbit esophageal epithelium at the end of gestation ensure a postnatal development to reach the adult epithelium essential to sustain the passage of the harsh raw food. Future immunohistochemical studies are recommended to investigate the components of secretions in mucous cells and functional studies to highlight the dark cells significance. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Esophageal epithelium of fetal rabbit was analyzed by light and transmission microscopy. Surface epithelium presented mucous cells with mucigen granules of various sizes. They reached their maximum number on 24th day then decreased. On the 16th day, cytoplasmic vacuolation was evident in all epithelial layers. On the 21st day, numerous elongated dark cells could be distinguished embedded between the basal cells. Before birth, several lamellar bodies, a keratinized layer and mitotic divisions could be demonstrated, and the number of both mucous and dark cells was greatly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Gaber
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fatma Khalil
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Dalia Mohamedien
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Franchella E, Bernacchia G, De Bastiani M, Lorenzoni F, Carosi A, Lorenzoni M, Bosi G. Infection of endemic chub Squalius tenellus with the intestinal tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda): histopathology and ultrastructural surveys. Parasitology 2024; 151:157-167. [PMID: 38193283 PMCID: PMC10941047 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The endemic chub Squalius tenellus (Heckel, 1843) was introduced more than 100 years ago to Lake Blidinje (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Only 1 species of enteric helminth was found in a sample of 35 chubs, the tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Janiszewska, 1953). The paper includes histopathological investigation with identification of innate immune cells involved in host reaction and molecular data allowed correct designation of the cestode species. Of 35 specimens of chub examined, 21 (60%) harboured individuals of C. brachycollis and a total of 1619 tapeworms were counted, the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 390 worms per fish (46.2 ± 15.3, mean ± s.e.). Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations showed strict contact between the worm's body and the epithelia and increase in the number of mucous cells, rodlet cells among the epithelial cells. Within the tunica propria-submucosa, beneath the site of scolex attachment, numerous neutrophils and mast cells were noticed. This is the first study of the occurrence of C. brachycollis in chub from Lake Blidinje and on the response of the innate immune cells of S. tenellus to this tapeworm. Interestingly, in 3 very heavily infected chubs, perforation of the intestinal wall was documented; this is uncommon among cestodes which use fish as a definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Franchella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Morena De Bastiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Carosi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. of University 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Scherer GP, Zavaglia IMO, Sutili FJ, Silva HNP, Furquim MD, da Veiga ML, Baldisserotto B, da Costa ST. The Effects of Stocking Density and Food Deprivation on Mucous Cells and Lysozyme Activity in the Skin and Gills of Silver Catfish. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3438. [PMID: 38003056 PMCID: PMC10668685 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the regions of the body surface of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) with a higher population of mucous cells in the skin. Additionally, the effects of stressful conditions, such as different stocking densities and food deprivation, on the proliferative response of mucous cells in the skin and gill epithelium and their impact on cutaneous mucous lysozyme activity were investigated. Silver catfish were divided into four experimental groups: high stocking density (32 kg/m3) and fed (HSD-F), high stocking density and fasted (HSD-FS), low stocking density (2.5 kg/m3) and fed (LSD-F), and low stocking density and fasted (LSD-FS). Fish in the fed groups received commercial feed twice a day, amounting to 1% of the tank biomass. After a 14-day experimental period, the fish were anesthetized and euthanized. Samples of cutaneous mucous and skin fragments from seven different points and the second left branchial arch were collected. Histological slides of the skin and gills were stained with PAS + Alcian Blue at pH 2.5, and the epidermal mucous lysozyme activity was assessed using the turbidimetric method. The ventral point in front of the ventral fin was found to be the optimal location for collecting cutaneous epithelia due to its higher density of mucous cells. The population of mucous cells in both the skin and gills varied based on the collection point and treatment applied. The highest lysozyme activity in the epidermal mucous was observed in fish from the HSD-F group. Overall, these findings suggest that stocking density and food deprivation create stressful conditions for silver catfish, which modulate their mucosal response to each situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pires Scherer
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (I.M.O.Z.)
| | - Isadora Maria Oliveira Zavaglia
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (G.P.S.); (I.M.O.Z.)
| | | | - Hugo Napoleão Pereira Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Magale Dallaporta Furquim
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.D.F.); (M.L.d.V.)
| | - Marcelo Leite da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.D.F.); (M.L.d.V.)
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Teixeira da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil; (M.D.F.); (M.L.d.V.)
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Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Lorenzoni M, Carosi A, Giari L, Bosi G. Teleost innate immunity, an intricate game between immune cells and parasites of fish organs: who wins, who loses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250835. [PMID: 37908358 PMCID: PMC10613888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, comprising over 27,000 species, represent the oldest vertebrate group and possess both innate and adaptive immune systems. The susceptibility of most wild fish to parasitic infections and related diseases is well-established. Among all vertebrates, the digestive tract creates a remarkably favorable and nutrient-rich environment, which, in turn, renders it susceptible to microparasites and macroparasites. Consequently, metazoan parasites emerge as important disease agents, impacting both wild and farmed fish and resulting in substantial economic losses. Given their status as pathogenic organisms, these parasites warrant considerable attention. Helminths, a general term encompassing worms, constitute one of the most important groups of metazoan parasites in fish. This group includes various species of platyhelminthes (digeneans, cestodes), nematodes, and acanthocephalans. In addition, myxozoans, microscopic metazoan endoparasites, are found in water-dwelling invertebrates and vertebrate hosts. It is worth noting that several innate immune cells within the fish alimentary canal and certain visceral organs (e.g., liver, spleen, and gonads) play active roles in the immune response against parasites. These immune cells include macrophages, neutrophils, rodlet cells, and mast cells also known as eosinophilic granular cells. At the site of intestinal infection, helminths often impact mucous cells number and alter mucus composition. This paper presents an overview of the state of the art on the occurrence and characteristics of innate immune cells in the digestive tract and other visceral organs in different fish-parasite systems. The data, coming especially from studies employed immunohistochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural analyses, provide evidence supporting the involvement of teleost innate immune cells in modulating inflammatory responses to metazoan and protozoan parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Carosi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
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Keeler SP, Yantis J, Gerovac BJ, Youkilis SL, Podgorny S, Mao D, Zhang Y, Whitworth KM, Redel B, Samuel MS, Wells KD, Prather RS, Holtzman MJ. Chloride channel accessory 1 gene deficiency causes selective loss of mucus production in a new pig model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L842-L852. [PMID: 35438004 PMCID: PMC9142155 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00443.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases are linked to airway obstruction by mucus but there are still no specific, safe, and effective drugs to correct this phenotype. The need for better treatment requires a new understanding of the basis for mucus production. In that regard, studies of human airway epithelial cells in primary culture show that a mucin granule constituent known as chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) is required for inducible expression of the inflammatory mucin MUC5AC in response to potent type 2 cytokines. However, it remained uncertain whether CLCLA1 is necessary for mucus production in vivo. Conventional approaches to functional biology using targeted gene knockout were difficult due to the functional redundancy of additional Clca genes in mice not found in humans. We reasoned that CLCA1 function might be better addressed in pigs that maintain the same four-member CLCA gene locus and the corresponding mucosal and submucosal populations of mucous cells found in humans. Here we develop to our knowledge the first CLCA1-gene-deficient (CLCA1-/-) pig and show that these animals exhibit loss of MUC5AC+ mucous cells throughout the airway mucosa of the lung without affecting comparable cells in the tracheal mucosa or MUC5B+ mucous cells in submucosal glands. Similarly, CLCA1-/- pigs exhibit loss of MUC5AC+ mucous cells in the intestinal mucosa without affecting MUC2+ mucous cells. These data establish CLCA1 function for controlling MUC5AC expression as a marker of mucus production and provide a new animal model to study mucus production at respiratory and intestinal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P Keeler
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Yantis
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin J Gerovac
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Samuel L Youkilis
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephanie Podgorny
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dailing Mao
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yong Zhang
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kristin M Whitworth
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bethany Redel
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Melissa S Samuel
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kevin D Wells
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael J Holtzman
- Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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6
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Yang S, Xu W, Tan C, Li M, Li D, Zhang C, Feng L, Chen Q, Jiang J, Li Y, Du Z, Luo W, Li C, Gong Q, Huang X, Du X, Du J, Liu G, Wu J. Heat Stress Weakens the Skin Barrier Function in Sturgeon by Decreasing Mucus Secretion and Disrupting the Mucosal Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860079. [PMID: 35558118 PMCID: PMC9087187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress induced by global warming has damaged the well-being of aquatic animals. The skin tissue plays a crucial role as a defense barrier to protect organism, however, little is known about the effect of heat stress on fish skin, particularly in cold-water fish species. Here, we investigated the effects of mild heat stress (24°C, MS) and high heat stress (28°C, HS) on Siberian sturgeon skin using RNA-seq, histological observation, and microbial diversity analysis. In RNA-seq, 8,819 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MS vs. C group and 12,814 DEGs in HS vs. C group were acquired, of which the MS vs. C and HS vs. C groups shared 3,903 DEGs, but only 1,652 DEGs were successfully annotated. The shared DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways associating with mucins synthesis. Histological observation showed that the heat stresses significantly reduced the number of skin mucous cells and induced the damages of epidermis. The microbial diversity analysis elicited that heat stress markedly disrupted the diversity and abundance of skin microbiota by increasing of potential pathogens (Vibrionimonas, Mesorhizobium, and Phyllobacterium) and decreasing of probiotics (Bradyrhizobium and Methylovirgula). In conclusion, this study reveals that heat stress causes adverse effects on sturgeon skin, reflecting in decreasing the mucus secretion and disordering the mucosal microbiota, which may contribute to develop the preventive strategy for heat stress caused by global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaolun Tan
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Datian Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Langkun Feng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunkun Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jun Du
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangxun Liu
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Landeira-Dabarca A, Abreu CSR, Álvarez M, Molist P. Changes in marine turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) epidermis and skin mucus composition during development from bilateral larvae to juvenile flat fish. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:2018-2029. [PMID: 34520580 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alike other flat fish, marine turbot has the particularity that changes from larvae with bilateral symmetry to adult with asymmetry, in terms of the position of the eyes. As expected, the skin configuration of this species is also affected by the development and transformation suffered by fish during metamorphosis. In this context, changes in the epidermis of marine turbot were studied using conventional staining and histochemical techniques using six lectins (UEA-I, PNA, RCA-I, WGA, Con A and SBA). During development from larvae to juvenile (3-300 days post-hatching), the epidermis increased in both thickness and the number of cell layers. In fact, the simple cuboidal epithelium observed in larvae at day 3 already became stratified at days 10-12, which sequentially increase in thickness with fish development. Turbot epidermis is composed basically of four cell types: epithelial and mucous or secretory cells that are present through the development, and pigmented cells and a type that the authors described as club-like cells that appear during and post-metamorphosis. The Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff (AB-PAS) histochemical method revealed the presence of neutral glycoconjugates in mucous and club-like cells at post-metamorphic stages of fish. Accordingly, lectin analysis showed mucous cells containing glycoproteins rich in fucose (UEA-I labelling) and glycoconjugates rich in the sequence galactose-N-acetyl galactosamine (PNA and RCA-I labelling) when this cell type appears. Interestingly, melanophores were observed in the dorsal epidermis of post-metamorphic juveniles. This type of cell contains a black-to-brown pigment that provides the skin the typical colour of this fish species. Changes in mucous coat composition were observed during fish development, which was attributed to different roles of the glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Landeira-Dabarca
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultad de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, España
| | - Cristina S R Abreu
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, España
| | - Maruxa Álvarez
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultad de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, España
| | - Pilar Molist
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Vigo, España
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Matheus VA, Faccioli CK, Chedid RA, Senhorini JA, Franceschini-Vicentini IB, Vicentini CA. Morphological and histochemical features of the digestive tract of Leiarius marmoratus (Gill, 1870). J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1622-1631. [PMID: 34331469 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leiarius marmoratus, a freshwater catfish from Pimelodidae family, shows great biological and commercial relevance because of its geographic distribution and adaptation to fish-farm. The knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract is fundamental to the understanding of fish physiology and nutrition, which helps in the planning of diets to provide better management and success in fish farming. Thus, this work described the morphology and histochemistry of the digestive tract of L. marmoratus adults. After euthanasia, the animals were dissected for analysis of the digestive tract. The oesophagus is a short and distensive organ with longitudinal folds that allow the passage of large food, e.g., other fishes. Oesophageal mucosa layer shows a stratified epithelium with goblet cells and club cells. The secretion of goblet cells is composed of neutral and acidic mucins that are anchored in the epithelium luminal face by epithelial cells fingerprint-like microridges, lubricating the surface to facilitate the food sliding. Club cells have protein secretion that can be involved in alarm signals when epithelium is damaged and in immunological defence. The saccular stomach is highly distensible to store large food. Gastric mucosa layer is composed of epithelial cells with intense secretion of neutral mucin to protect against self-digestion of gastric juice. Cardiac and fundic regions of stomach show well-developed gastric glands composed of oxynticopeptic cells. These cells have numerous mitochondria, highlighting their intense activity in the synthesis of acid and enzymes. The intestine is divided into three regions: anterior, middle and posterior. Although it is a short tube, intestine shows longitudinal folds and microvilli of enterocytes to increase the contact surface. These folds are higher in the anterior region of the intestine, highlighting their function in digestion and absorption. Intestinal goblet cells have acidic and neutral mucins that lubricate the epithelium and aid in digestive processes. These cells increase in number towards aboral, and they are related to the protection and lubrication to expulsion of faecal bolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquiria Aparecida Matheus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biology Tissue, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Claudemir Kuhn Faccioli
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Renata Alari Chedid
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Senhorini
- National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity ICMBio/CEPTA, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Irene Bastos Franceschini-Vicentini
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Vicentini
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Mokhtar DM, Abd-Elhafez EA, Hassan AHS. Microanalysis of the Intestinal Bulb of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon Idella): Histological, Histochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies. Microsc Microanal 2021; 27:1-9. [PMID: 34610853 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621012873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid fishes have one of the simplest types of gastrointestinal tract among vertebrates. Those fish species do not possess a true stomach that is replaced by a simple dilatation at the anterior part of the intestine called the intestinal bulb. Twenty adult specimens of grass carp were used in the present study to identify the cellular components as well as the immunohistochemical and surface architectural characteristics of the intestinal bulb. The mucosa of the intestinal bulb shows numerous, deep longitudinal folds arranged in zigzagging-like patterns. The epithelium is composed mainly of absorptive columnar cells covered by microvilli and mucous goblet cells. Spindle-shaped enteroendocrine cells and some migratory immune cells such as intraepithelial lymphocytes and rodlet cells could be identified between the absorptive cells. The epithelium also contains many secretory granules and large numbers of vacuoles containing digestive enzymes mostly in the basal part. The immunohistochemistry revealed that CD20-positive B-lymphocytes are immunolocalized mainly in the connective tissue core lamina propria of the mucosal folds. However, CD3-immunopositive T-lymphocytes are highly concentrated in the lamina propria. In addition, intraepithelial T-lymphocytes expressed immunopositivity to CD3. The current study presented many types of immune cells and suggests their essential immunological role for the intestinal blub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, 71526Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas A Abd-Elhafez
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, 71526Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H S Hassan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, 71526Assiut, Egypt
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Sveen L, Krasnov A, Timmerhaus G, Bogevik AS. Responses to Mineral Supplementation and Salmon Lice ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Infestation in Skin Layers of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040602. [PMID: 33921813 PMCID: PMC8073069 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The crustacean ectoparasite salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), which severely affects Atlantic salmon health and welfare is one of the main problems of commercial aquaculture. In the present study, fish were fed a diet supplemented with extra minerals through the inclusion of a commercial additive (Biofeed Forte Salmon), substituting wheat in the control diet, before experimental infestation with salmon lice. Lice counts reduced with time but with no apparent effect of the diets. Further, fish fed the mineral diet had an overall higher number of blue (acidic) mucous cells, while the ratio of purple mucous cells was higher in the mineral diet. The transcriptional response in skin was enhanced at 7 dpc (copepodite life stage) in fish fed the mineral diet including immune and stress responses, while at 21 dpc (pre-adult life stage), the difference disappeared, or reversed with stronger induction in the control diet. Overall, 9.3% of the genes affected with lice also responded to the feed, with marked differences in outer (scale + epidermis) and inner (dermis) skin layers. A comparison of transcriptome data with five datasets from previous trials revealed common features and gene markers of responses to lice, stress, and mechanically induced wounds. Results suggested a prevalence of generic responses in wounded skin and lice-infected salmon.
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Bosi G, Lorenzoni M, Carosi A, Sayyaf Dezfuli B. Mucosal Hallmarks in the Alimentary Canal of Northern Pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1479. [PMID: 32842702 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In vertebrates, mucous cells are one of the main cellular components of the gut mucosal system, which secrete different mucin types involved in several functions. Endocrine cells are scattered in the epithelium of the gut mucosa, and they produce and release regulatory molecules affecting food intake and nutrition. The goal of this study was to obtain data on quantitative distribution of mucous and endocrine cell types in the alimentary canal of the northern pike (Esox lucius), using histochemistry and immunofluorescence. In the stomach of pike, there is a high abundance of mixed mucins, with the acid component contributing to the lubrication of mucosae, where they are associated with the rapid passage of digesta through the intestine. Neutral mucins increase in the intestine aborally. The distribution of endocrine cells of the diffuse endocrine system shows the presence of somatostatin and catecholamine-secreting endocrine cells and the lack of gastrin-secreting endocrine cells. We show a close regulatory relation between endocrine and mucous cells of the gut mucosal system involved in the physiology of fish nutrition. Results confirmed the relationship between the carnivorous diet and the gut mucins distribution of northern pike; indeed, our data provide very important information to ichthyologists who study dietary behavior of species. Abstract On the basis of trophic behavior, fish are classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or detritivores. Epithelial mucous cells secrete mucin types specific to diet and digestive function. Mucus secretion is regulated mainly by molecular modulators produced by epithelial endocrine cells in response to luminal or tissue stimuli. These modulators are involved in control of food intake and digestive functions. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies were conducted on 10 adult northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758) from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) to quantify distribution of sub-types of mucous and endocrine cells in alimentary mucosal epithelium. Neutral mucins predominated in the esophagus, and mixed and acidic mucins predominated in stomach and intestine. The gastric epithelium contained endocrine cells secreting somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and substance P. Mucous cells secreting neutral mucins increased in number from proximal to distal intestine, with endocrine cells containing substance P in the proximal intestine and those containing Leu-enkephalin throughout the intestine. Lectin histochemistry of gut sections revealed an abundance of N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine as carbohydrate residues on the mucin chain. The quantity and content of endocrine and mucous cells in the alimentary canal of E. lucius showed a direct relationship with its diet.
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Vidal MR, Ruiz TFR, Dos Santos DD, Gardinal MVB, de Jesus FL, Faccioli CK, Vicentini IBF, Vicentini CA. Morphological and histochemical characterisation of the mucosa of the digestive tract in matrinxã Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei: Characiformes). J Fish Biol 2020; 96:251-260. [PMID: 31762020 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study describes anatomical, histological and histochemical features of the digestive tract mucosal layer of the matrinxã Brycon amazonicus, an omnivorous freshwater fish endemic from the Amazon basin. This species presents short thick oesophagus with longitudinal folds, that allow the passage of large food items. The mucosa is lined with a stratified secretory epithelium rich in goblet cells that secrete neutral and acid mucins. The two mucin types provide different viscosity in anterior and posterior oesophagus related to the protective and lubricant functions, respectively. The stomach is a highly distensible Y-shaped saccular organ. Here, it is proposed that this anatomical shape plays an essential role in food storage when food availability is abundant. The stomach mucosa is composed of epithelial cells with intense neutral mucin secretion to protects against gastric juice. The intestine is slightly coiled and presents internally a complex pattern of transversal folds that increases the absorption surface and the retention time of food. Goblet cells in the intestine secrete acid and neutral mucins that lubricate the epithelium and aid in the digestive processes. In the rectum, an increase in goblet cells population occurs that may be related to better lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus R Vidal
- School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Morphology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego D Dos Santos
- School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario V B Gardinal
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Zoology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernando L de Jesus
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Claudemir K Faccioli
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Irene B F Vicentini
- School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
- Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Vicentini
- School of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
- Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Castaldelli G, Giari L. Histopathological and ultrastructural assessment of two mugilid species infected with myxozoans and helminths. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:299-307. [PMID: 29064086 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The histopathology and ultrastructure of the intestine of mullets, Liza ramada and Liza saliens, from Comacchio lagoons (northern Italy) naturally infected with myxozoans and helminths were investigated and described. Sixty-two (80.5%) of 77 mullets harboured one or more of the following parasites species: Myxobolus mugchelo (Myxozoa), Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala), Haplosplanchnus pachysomus and Dicrogaster contractus (Digenea). Co-occurrence of helminths with myxozoans was common. The main damage caused by digeneans was destruction of the mucosal epithelium of the villi, necrosis and degeneration of intestinal epithelial cells. More severe intestinal damage was caused by acanthocephalans which reach the submucosa layer with their proboscis. At the site of helminths infection, several mast cells (MCs), rodlet cells (RCs), mucous cells and few neutrophils and macrophages were observed in the epithelium. RCs and mucous cells exhibited discharge activity in close vicinity to the worm's tegument. M. mugchelo conspicuous plasmodia were encysted mainly in muscle and submucosa layers of the intestine. Indeed, spores of M. mugchelo were documented within the epithelial cells of host intestine and in proximity to MCs. Degranulation of the MCs near the myxozoans was very frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - L Giari
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare and uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin described in 1987 by Gardener et al. as a distinct entity. It is a cyst having an unpredictable, potentially aggressive behavior, and has the propensity to grow in large size with relatively high recurrence rate. It poses a diagnostic challenge as it can be clinically and histopathologically confused with lateral periodontal cyst, botryoid odontogenic cyst, radicular and residual cysts with mucous metaplasia, and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The present case report describes GOC in both male and female patients with intra-oral swelling following extraction of 36 and 46, respectively. Careful histopathological examination is needed to diagnose GOC, and a careful long-term follow-up is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amisha A. Shah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Sangle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Bussari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saraswati Dhanwantri Dental College, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajit V. Koshy
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Trujillo-González A, Johnson LK, Constantinoiu CC, Hutson KS. Histopathology associated with haptor attachment of the ectoparasitic monogenean Neobenedenia sp. (Capsalidae) to barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). J Fish Dis 2015; 38:1063-1067. [PMID: 25322813 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Trujillo-González
- James Cook University, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - L K Johnson
- James Cook University, Centre for Biosecurity in Tropical Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - C C Constantinoiu
- James Cook University, Centre for Biosecurity in Tropical Infectious Diseases, College of Public Health, Medical & Vet Sciences, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - K S Hutson
- James Cook University, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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Landeira-Dabarca A, Álvarez M, Molist P. Food deprivation causes rapid changes in the abundance and glucidic composition of the cutaneous mucous cells of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. J Fish Dis 2014; 37:899-909. [PMID: 24117614 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous mucus is the first physical and chemical barrier of fish. This slime layer is secreted by mucous cells located in the epidermis and is mainly composed of glycoproteins that have their origin in the diet. Therefore, food deprivation can potentially change the abundance and glucidic nature of skin mucous cells, thus changing the mucus properties. To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Changes in the number and glucidic nature of epidermal mucus cells were analysed using standard techniques. The outcome of this study shows that food deprivation caused a rapid decrease in the density of epidermal mucous cells in Atlantic salmon. Lectin histochemistry revealed a change in the presence and stainability of some sugar residues in the mucous cells of unfed fish compared with fed fish. Given that the primary reason for mucus secretion in fish is for protection against infections, we speculate that the changes in the mucus properties caused by nutritional stress may affect their disease resistance. This fact is particularly important for fish that spend a period of time deprived of food, either as a part of their natural life cycle, or as part of farming practices.
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Huang HT, Haskell A, McDonald DM. Changes in epithelial secretory cells and potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in the trachea of rats with respiratory tract infections. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1989; 180:325-41. [PMID: 2552865 PMCID: PMC7088180 DOI: 10.1007/bf00311165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/1989] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In rats respiratory tract infections due to Sendai virus and coronavirus usually are transient, but they can have long-lasting consequences when accompanied by Mycoplasma pulmonis infections. Morphological alterations in the tracheal epithelium and a potentiation of the inflammatory response evoked by sensory nerve stimulation ("neurogenic inflammation") are evident nine weeks after the infections begin, but the extent to which these changes are present at earlier times is not known. In the present study we characterized these abnormalities in the epithelium and determined the extent to which they are present 3 and 6 weeks after the infections begin. We also determined the magnitude of the potentiation of neurogenic inflammation at these times, whether the potentiation can be reversed by glucocorticoids, and whether a proliferation of blood vessels contributes to the abnormally large amount of plasma extravasation associated with this potentiation. To this end, we studied Long-Evans rats that acquired these viral and mycoplasmal infections from other rats. We found that the tracheal epithelium of the infected rats had ten times as many Alcian blue-PAS positive mucous cells as did that of pathogen-free rats; but it contained none of the serous cells typical of pathogen-free rats, so the total number of secretory cells was not increased. In addition, the epithelium of the infected rats had three times the number of ciliated cells and had only a third of the number of globule leukocytes. In response to an injection of capsaicin (150 micrograms/kg i.v.), the tracheas of the infected rats developed an abnormally large amount of extravasation of two tracers, Evans blue dye and Monastral blue pigment, and had an abnormally large number of Monastral blue-labeled venules, particularly in regions of mucosa overlying the cartilaginous rings. This abnormally large amount of extravasation was blocked by dexamethasone (1 mg/day i.p. for 5 days). We conclude that M. pulmonis infections, exacerbated at the outset by viral infections, result within three weeks in the transformation of epithelial serous cells into mucous cells, the proliferation of ciliated cells, and the depletion of globule leukocytes. They also cause a proliferation of mediator-sensitive blood vessels in the airway mucosa, which is likely to contribute to the potentiation of neurogenic inflammation that accompanies these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco 94143
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