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Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Franchella E, Bernacchia G, De Bastiani M, Lorenzoni F, Carosi A, Lorenzoni M, Bosi G. Infection of endemic chub Squalius tenellus with the intestinal tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Cestoda): histopathology and ultrastructural surveys. Parasitology 2024; 151:157-167. [PMID: 38193283 PMCID: PMC10941047 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The endemic chub Squalius tenellus (Heckel, 1843) was introduced more than 100 years ago to Lake Blidinje (Bosnia-Herzegovina). Only 1 species of enteric helminth was found in a sample of 35 chubs, the tapeworm Caryophyllaeus brachycollis (Janiszewska, 1953). The paper includes histopathological investigation with identification of innate immune cells involved in host reaction and molecular data allowed correct designation of the cestode species. Of 35 specimens of chub examined, 21 (60%) harboured individuals of C. brachycollis and a total of 1619 tapeworms were counted, the intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 390 worms per fish (46.2 ± 15.3, mean ± s.e.). Histopathological and ultrastructural investigations showed strict contact between the worm's body and the epithelia and increase in the number of mucous cells, rodlet cells among the epithelial cells. Within the tunica propria-submucosa, beneath the site of scolex attachment, numerous neutrophils and mast cells were noticed. This is the first study of the occurrence of C. brachycollis in chub from Lake Blidinje and on the response of the innate immune cells of S. tenellus to this tapeworm. Interestingly, in 3 very heavily infected chubs, perforation of the intestinal wall was documented; this is uncommon among cestodes which use fish as a definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Franchella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernacchia
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Morena De Bastiani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Carosi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Massimo Lorenzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, St. Elce di sotto 5, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Bosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, St. of University 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
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Palma S, Forli F, Rossi C, Filice R, D'adamo C, Roversi MF, Monzani D, Lorenzoni F, Botti C, Berrettini S, Bruschini L, Berardi A, Genovese E, Canelli R. The Audiological Follow-Up of Children with Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: An Experience in Two Italian Centers. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1136. [PMID: 37508638 PMCID: PMC10378266 DOI: 10.3390/children10071136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading cause of non-hereditary sensorineural hearing loss in children. While about 10% of children reportedly display symptoms at birth, 85-90% of cCMV infection cases are asymptomatic. However, 10-15% of these asymptomatic infants may later develop hearing, visual, or neurodevelopmental impairments. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cCMV infection on newborns' hearing function with a particular emphasis on progressive and late-onset cases. METHODS This study is a retrospective chart analysis with longitudinal character and was conducted in two Italian centers: Center 1 (from 1 November 2007 to 31 December 2021) and Center 2 (from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2021). Data collected included newborn hearing screening results, characterization of hearing loss (unilateral/bilateral, degree of impairment), and audiological follow-up. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 103 children (42% males, 58% females). In total, 28 children presented with hearing impairment; 71.4% (20 out of 28) of the cases of hearing loss were severe/profound, with 35.7% of the cases due to unilateral hearing loss. Out of twenty-eight, six experienced progression of hearing loss and four had late-onset hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of universal cCMV screening, hearing screening at birth for cCMV remains a critical factor for early diagnosis. A significant percentage of children affected by cCMV with normal audiological evaluations at birth is easily lost to follow-up. Close collaboration between neonatologists, pediatricians, and audiological services is fundamental to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment of cCMV-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Palma
- Audiology, Primary Care Department, AUSL of Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Forli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Rossi
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filice
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Concetta D'adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Federica Roversi
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Monzani
- ENT, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynaecology and Paediatrics, University of Verona, Borgo Roma Hospital, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Botti
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 21124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rachele Canelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 56121 Pisa, Italy
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Stoccoro A, Nicolì V, Coppedè F, Grossi E, Fedrizzi G, Menotta S, Lorenzoni F, Caretto M, Carmignani A, Pistolesi S, Burgio E, Fanos V, Migliore L. Prenatal Environmental Stressors and DNA Methylation Levels in Placenta and Peripheral Tissues of Mothers and Neonates Evaluated by Applying Artificial Neural Networks. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040836. [PMID: 37107594 PMCID: PMC10138241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental stressors during pregnancy plays an important role in influencing subsequent susceptibility to certain chronic diseases through the modulation of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation. Our aim was to explore the connections between environmental exposures during gestation with DNA methylation of placental cells, maternal and neonatal buccal cells by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs). A total of 28 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. Data on gestational exposure to adverse environmental factors and on mother health status were collected through the administration of a questionnaire. DNA methylation analyses at both gene-specific and global level were analyzed in placentas, maternal and neonatal buccal cells. In the placenta, the concentrations of various metals and dioxins were also analyzed. Analysis of ANNs revealed that suboptimal birth weight is associated with placental H19 methylation, maternal stress during pregnancy with methylation levels of NR3C1 and BDNF in placentas and mother's buccal DNA, respectively, and exposure to air pollutants with maternal MGMT methylation. Associations were also observed between placental concentrations of lead, chromium, cadmium and mercury with methylation levels of OXTR in placentas, HSD11B2 in maternal buccal cells and placentas, MECP2 in neonatal buccal cells, and MTHFR in maternal buccal cells. Furthermore, dioxin concentrations were associated with placental RELN, neonatal HSD11B2 and maternal H19 gene methylation levels. Current results suggest that exposure of pregnant women to environmental stressors during pregnancy could induce aberrant methylation levels in genes linked to several pathways important for embryogenesis in both the placenta, potentially affecting foetal development, and in the peripheral tissues of mothers and infants, potentially providing peripheral biomarkers of environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stoccoro
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nicolì
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Coppedè
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Autism Research Unit, Villa Santa Maria Foundation, 22038 Tavernerio, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fedrizzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simonetta Menotta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Chemical Department, Via P. Fiorini 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Caretto
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 1, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Carmignani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit 2, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabina Pistolesi
- First Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Burgio
- European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lucia Migliore
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Filippi L, Tamagnini S, Lorenzoni F, Caciotti A, Morrone A, Scaramuzzo R. Case Report: Dramatic Cholestasis Responsive to Steroids in a Newborn Homozygous for H63D HFE Variant. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:930775. [PMID: 35874562 PMCID: PMC9304806 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.930775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a newborn with very precocious liver failure, cholestatic jaundice, and low γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, progressive hepatosplenomegaly induced a progressively worsening respiratory distress, that was successfully treated with steroids. Laboratory and genetic tests did not find any disease usually associated with neonatal cholestasis. However, the patient was positive for a homozygous mutation of the HFE gene, which is associated with hereditary hemochromatosis, a disease with typical onset in adulthood. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn from a single clinical case, this experience suggests that hereditary hemochromatosis could have played a role in the induction of this serious cholestasis, probably already arisen in the uterus. We suggest that hereditary hemochromatosis ought to be included in the panel of the possible causes of neonatal cholestasis and that steroids ought to be added to the pharmacological armamentarium for treating specific conditions which cause cholestasis in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Neonatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Tamagnini
- Neonatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Anna Caciotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosa Scaramuzzo
- Neonatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Bardelli S, Del Corso G, Ciantelli M, Del Pistoia M, Lorenzoni F, Fossati N, Scaramuzzo RT, Cuttano A. Improving Pediatric/Neonatology Residents' Newborn Resuscitation Skills With a Digital Serious Game: DIANA. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:842302. [PMID: 35433552 PMCID: PMC9010974 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.842302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious games, and especially digital game based learning (DGBL) methodologies, have the potential to strengthen classic learning methodology in all medical procedures characterized by a flowchart (e.g., neonatal resuscitation algorithm). However, few studies have compared short- and long-term knowledge retention in DGBL methodologies with a control group undergoing specialist training led by experienced operators. In particular, resident doctors' learning still has limited representation in simulation-based education literature. OBJECTIVE A serious computer game DIANA (DIgital Application in Newborn Assessment) was developed, according to newborn resuscitation algorithm, to train pediatric/neonatology residents in neonatal resuscitation algorithm knowledge and implementation (from procedure knowledge to ventilation/chest compressions rate). We analyzed user learning curves after each session and compared knowledge retention against a classic theoretical teaching session. METHODS Pediatric/neonatology residents of the Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP) were invited to take part in the study and were split into a game group or a control group; both groups were homogeneous in terms of previous training and baseline scores. The control group attended a classic 80 min teaching session with a neonatal trainer, while game group participants played four 20 min sessions over four different days. Three written tests (pre/immediately post-training and at 28 days) were used to evaluate and compare the two groups' performances. RESULTS Forty-eight pediatric/neonatology residents participated in the study. While classic training by a neonatal trainer demonstrated an excellent effectiveness in short/long-term knowledge retention, DGBL methodology proved to be equivalent or better. Furthermore, after each game session, DGBL score improved for both procedure knowledge and ventilation/chest compressions rate. CONCLUSIONS In this study, DGBL was as effective as classic specialist training for neonatal resuscitation in terms of both algorithm memorization and knowledge retention. User appreciation for the methodology and ease of administration, including remotely, support the use of DGBL methodologies for pediatric/neonatology residents education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bardelli
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Del Corso
- Department of Mathematics, Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ciantelli
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Del Pistoia
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Fossati
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, Faculty of Medicine, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa T Scaramuzzo
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Cuttano
- Centro di Formazione e Simulazione Neonatale "NINA," U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy.,U.O. Neonatologia, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Forli F, Lazzerini F, Canelli R, Lorenzoni F, Franciosi B, Berrettini S, Bruschini L. Extended-hearing targeted screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2021:S2724-5276.21.06287-X. [PMID: 34056891 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is widely shared in the world scientific literature. However, currently, no programs for universal neonatal screening for cCMV have been reported in the literature, and only a few experiences of hearing targeted cCMV screening have been published. In the Tuscany Region, Italy, screening for cCMV has been mandatory since 2008 for each newborn that result "refer" at the Transient Evoked Otoacoustics Emissions (TEOAE) test, and in our university hospital since 2012, it has been extended to some categories at risk of cCMV. METHODS We present the results of the protocol for cCMV screening adopted at our Institution since 2012. RESULTS From 2012 to 2017, 1615 newborns underwent cCMV screening. Twenty-five cases were positive for cCMV, (1.54% of all the newborn screened for cCMV and 0.19% of infants submitted to newborn hearing screening). Nineteen of these children (76%) had normal hearing, while 6 (24%) had a hearing deficit of variable degree. 2/25 (8%) cases presented a progression of the hearing deficit in the first months of life and no children had a late onset or fluctuating hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show how cCMV screening in newborns that result refer at TEOAE allows the detection of many cases; but many are still missed. It would be, therefore, important to adopt a universal newborn cCMV screening program or a program extended to newborns at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Forli
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy -
| | - Francesco Lazzerini
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rachele Canelli
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Franciosi
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Otolaryngology, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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7
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Tozzi MG, Moscuzza F, Michelucci A, Lorenzoni F, Cosini C, Ciantelli M, Ghirri P. ExtraUterine Growth Restriction (EUGR) in Preterm Infants: Growth Patterns, Nutrition, and Epigenetic Markers. A Pilot Study. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:408. [PMID: 30619799 PMCID: PMC6306451 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: IntraUterine (IUGR) and ExtraUterine Growth Restriction (EUGR) may induce reprogramming mechanisms, finalized to survive before and after birth. Nutritional factors and other environmental signals could regulate gene expression through epigenetic modification, but the molecular mechanisms involved are not yet well understood. Epigenetic mechanisms could be considered as a bridge between environmental stimuli and long lasting phenotype, acquired during the intrauterine life and the first weeks of life. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between growth patterns, nutritional determinants, and epigenetic pathways. Methods: We enrolled 38 newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at University Hospital of Pisa. Gestational age at birth was <34 weeks and post-menstrual age (PMA) was 36-42 weeks at discharge. We excluded infants with malformations or clinical syndromes. EUGR was defined as the reduction in weight z score between birth and discharge >1 SD. We also evaluated DNA methylation of Imprinting Centre 1 (IC1) at birth and at discharge. Results: We observed a decrease in SD of weight and head circumference mainly during the first weeks of life. We found a correlation between EUGR for weight and for head circumference and an increased IC1 methylation (p = 0.018 and p = 0.0028, respectively). We observed a relationship between reduced protein and lipid intake and IC1 hypermethylation (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043, respectively). Conclusion: IC1 hypermethylation could be a reprogramming mechanism to promote a catch-up growth, by means of an increased Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression, that may have potential effects on metabolic homeostasis later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Tozzi
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Moscuzza
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cosini
- Molecular Genetics Lab, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Ciantelli
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa, Italy
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8
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Laccetta G, Moscuzza F, Michelucci A, Guzzetta A, Lunardi S, Lorenzoni F, Ghirri P. A Novel Missense Mutation of the NSD1 Gene Associated with Overgrowth in Three Generations of an Italian Family: Case Report, Differential Diagnosis, and Review of Mutations of NSD1 Gene in Familial Sotos Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:236. [PMID: 29164086 PMCID: PMC5681921 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome (SoS) is characterized by overgrowth of prenatal onset, learning disability, and characteristic facial appearance; it is usually due to haploinsufficiency of NSD1 gene at chromosome 5q35. An Italian child was born at 37 weeks of gestation (weight 2,910 g, 25th-50th centiles; length 50 cm, 75th centile; head circumference 36 cm, 97th centile) showing cryptorchidism on the right side, hypertelorism, dolichocephaly, broad and prominent forehead, and narrow jaw; the pregnancy was worsened by maternal preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and his mother had a previous history of four early miscarriages. The patient showed neonatal jaundice, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, frequent vomiting, and gastroesophageal reflux. After the age of 6 months, his weight, length, and head circumference were above the 97th centile; psychomotor development was delayed. At the age of 9 years, the patient showed also joint laxity and scoliosis. DNA sequence analysis of NSD1 gene detected a novel heterozygous mutation (c.521T>A, p.Val174Asp) in exon 2. The same mutant allele was also found in the mother and in the maternal grandfather of the proband; both the mother and the maternal grandfather of the proband showed isolated overgrowth with height above the 97th centile in absence of other features of SoS. At present 23 familial cases of SoS have been described (two cases with mutation in exon 2 of NSD1 gene); no familial cases of SoS with mutation of NSD1 gene and isolated overgrowth have been reported. Probably, point mutations of NSD1 gene, and particularly mutations between exon 20 and exon 23, are not likely to affect reproductive fitness. Epigenetic mechanisms and intrauterine environment may influence phenotypes, therefore genetic tests are not useful to predict the phenotype but they are indispensable for the diagnosis of SoS. This is the first Italian familial case of SoS with genetic confirmation and the third report in which a missense mutation of NSD1 gene is found in three generations of the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Laccetta
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Moscuzza
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Michelucci
- Division of Cytogenetic and Molecular Biology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Guzzetta
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Lunardi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzoni
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Division of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Giampietri M, Lorenzoni F, Moscuzza F, Boldrini A, Ghirri P. Lutein and Neurodevelopment in Preterm Infants. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:411. [PMID: 27656124 PMCID: PMC5013125 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Ghirri
- Neonatal Departement, S Chiara Hospital Pisa, Italy
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Lorenzoni F, Lunardi S, Liumbruno A, Ferri G, Madrigali V, Fiorentini E, Forli F, Berrettini S, Boldrini A, Ghirri P. Neonatal screening for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in preterm and small for gestational age infants. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 27:1589-93. [PMID: 24328547 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.871253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection affects many organs: reticuloendothelial and central nervous system are particularly involved. Congenital CMV infection is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing impairment can be present at birth or it can occur months or even years after birth. It is as well an important risk factor for antenatal stillbirth, preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) condition. For these reasons we should early identify congenital CMV infection investigating at least at risk newborns such as preterm or SGA babies given that a simple and standardized method for a large scale screening program is lacking. In our study, we found an association between congenital CMV infection and preterm births (3.03%) and with SGA condition (3.7%). Consequently, routine CMV urine detection should be performed at least in all babies born before 37 weeks of gestational age and in term SGA newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lorenzoni
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa , Italy and
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Lorenzoni F, Giampietri M, Ferri G, Lunardi S, Madrigali V, Battini L, Boldrini A, Ghirri P. Lutein administration to pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus is associated to a decrease of oxidative stress in newborns. Gynecol Endocrinol 2013; 29:901-3. [PMID: 23808391 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.808329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is defined as an imbalance between pro- and antioxidant factors that can lead to cellular and tissue damage. Under condition of gestational diabetes, OS is exacerbated and can cause vascular dysfunction in the placenta, leading to fetal and perinatal complications. We investigated the oxidative status of diabetic pregnant women and of their babies. A group of those diabetic women received lutein, and another group did not receive anything. In order to verify a possible antioxidant function of lutein, we compared the OS values of the two groups. OS appeared lower in treated gravidas than in untreated ones; however, there was not a statistically significant difference between the two groups. As far as newborns are concerned, there was a significant difference of OS values between babies born to mothers treated with lutein and newborns to mothers untreated at 2 h of life. However, at 48 h, there was not a significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, lutein administration during pregnancy significantly reduced neonatal OS at birth. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of combined administration to mother and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lorenzoni
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Tovar N, Jimbo R, Gangolli R, Perez L, Manne L, Yoo D, Lorenzoni F, Witek L, Coelho PG. Evaluation of bone response to various anorganic bovine bone xenografts: an experimental calvaria defect study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 43:251-60. [PMID: 23948358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This in vivo study investigated the in vivo performance of two newly developed synthetic bone substitutes and compared them to commercially available xenografts (Bio-Oss, Geistlich Pharma AG, Switzerland; OsteoGraf, Dentsply, USA). The materials were tested in a rabbit calvaria model, and the bone forming properties were observed at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation by means of histomorphometry and micro computed tomography (micro-CT). Defects without any graft material were used as negative controls. Micro-CT showed that all materials tested presented new bone formation that filled the defects at both time points, whereas the negative control presented less bone formation, with soft tissue infiltration into the defects. Comparable bone fill percentages were observed for histomorphometric and micro-CT results. Even though no statistically significant difference was found quantitatively between all of the bone graft substitute groups, a higher mean decrease in graft material filling the defects, along with higher remodelling activity, was evident for the experimental materials compared to the commercially available xenografts at 8 weeks. The results indicate that the experimental materials possess high degradability, along with osteoconduction comparable to commercially available xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tovar
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - R Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - R Gangolli
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - L Perez
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - L Manne
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - D Yoo
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
| | - F Lorenzoni
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Sao Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, Brazil
| | - L Witek
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA; School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - P G Coelho
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA; Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, USA
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