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Daungsupawong H, Wiwanitkit V. Bovine cysticercosis epidemiology and the economic impact of the triceps brachii incision: Comment. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106171. [PMID: 38493569 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Arroyo G, Toribio L, Garrido S, Chile N, Lopez-Urbina T, Gomez-Puerta LA, Muro M, Gilman RH, Castillo Y, Dorny P, O'Neal SE, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH. Concordance between two monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for measuring cysticercal antigen levels in sera from pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium and Taenia hydatigena. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:172. [PMID: 38566124 PMCID: PMC10988810 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antigen detection in Taenia solium cysticercosis confirms viable infection in the intermediate host (either pig or human). The reference B158/B60 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based Ag-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity in human neurocysticercosis with multiple brain cysts, although its sensitivity is lower in cases with single brain cysts, whereas in porcine cysticercosis the assay specificity is affected by its frequent cross-reaction with Taenia hydatigena, another common cestode found in pigs. Our group has produced 21 anti-T. solium mAbs reacting against antigens of the whole cyst, vesicular fluid, and secretory/excretory products, identifying TsW8/TsW5 as the most promising pair of mAbs for an Ag-ELISA. METHODS We report the use of the TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA to measure cysticercus antigen levels [expressed as optical density (OD) values] in two panels of sera collected from day 0 (baseline) to day 90 postinfection (PI) from pigs experimentally infected with T. solium (n = 26) and T. hydatigena (n = 12). At baseline and on days 28 and 90 PI, we used Bland-Altman (BA) analysis and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) to determine the concordance between the TsW8/TsW5 and the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. RESULTS The TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA was able to efficiently measure circulating antigen levels in T. solium-infected pigs, similar to that obtained with the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. Almost all paired log-OD differences between assays were within the limits of agreement (LoA) in the BA analysis at baseline and on days 28 and 90 PI (92.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively), and a high concordance of log-ODs between assays was also found (Lin's CCC: 0.69, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively, all P < 0.001). In pigs infected with T. hydatigena, almost all paired log-OD differences were within the LoA in the BA analysis, whereas the concordance of log-ODs between assays was low at baseline (Lin's CCC: 0.24) but increased on days 28 and 90 PI (Lins' CCC: 0.88 and 0.98, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The TsW8/TsW5 Ag-ELISA recognizes antigens in pigs with T. solium cysticercosis and is highly concordant with the B158/B60 Ag-ELISA. However, its diagnostic use is hampered by cross-reactions with T. hydatigena, as in other mAb-based Ag-ELISAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Arroyo
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Direccion General de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
| | - Luz Toribio
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sara Garrido
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy Chile
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Teresa Lopez-Urbina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis A Gomez-Puerta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Muro
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yesenia Castillo
- Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Seth E O'Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Tassou WA, Attindéhou S, Gbati OB, Adjassin JS, Salifou S. Nexus between prevalence of Taenia solium (Cysticercus cellulosae) in pigs and retrospective study of humans cysticercosis cases in Benin hospitals. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1083-1096. [PMID: 38105360 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cysticercosis is a major zoonotic disease in many developing countries. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis and to identify potential risk factors associated and their seroprevalence as well in Benin. The tongue palpation was performed on 4150 pigs from the pig farmers were randomly selected to diagnose cysticercosis and to assess the risk factors associated. In slaughterhouses, 792 pigs were inspected. Serum samples from 460 pigs were tested of the presence of Taenia solium cysticercosis using the HP10 antigen-ELISA (Ag-ELISA). A logistic regression model with a 95% confidence interval was used to analyse the main risk factors associated. The tongue palpation revealed a prevalence of 4.79% at the level of slaughterhouses versus 7.82% in the post-mortem inspection. The Ag-ELISA revealed that more than 40% of the pigs were positive. The risk factors identified were the origin area of pigs, the history of cysticercosis in the farms, the presence or absence of a latrine, the pig-farming systems, the age class of pigs and the source of watering. In addition, 34.48% individuals was tested for taenia versus 13.79% for cysticercosis in the hospitals surveyed. Our results showed the major revelation of porcine cysticercosis and its very high level of risk for a public health in all departments of Benin. Therefore, this study suggests the need to continue epidemiological and sociological surveys with a "One Health" approach in order to design and implement effective control measures in this country of high consumption of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassiou Abdou Tassou
- Research Unit of Animal Health and Biosecurity (URSAB), Laboratory of Animal Sciences and Fisheries (LASAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 P.O Box 55, Porto-Novo, Benin.
| | - Sabbas Attindéhou
- Research Unit of Animal Health and Biosecurity (URSAB), Laboratory of Animal Sciences and Fisheries (LASAH), National University of Agriculture, 01 P.O Box 55, Porto-Novo, Benin
| | - Oubri Bassa Gbati
- Department of Public Health and Environment, Interstate School of Veterinary Science and Medicine, P.O Box 5077, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Josias Steve Adjassin
- Laboratory of Ecology, Heath and Animal Productions (LESPA), University of Parakou, P.O Box 123, Parakou, Benin
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Sahidou Salifou
- National Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology (LNPV), Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou Republic, Benin
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Ancarola ME, García LCA, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Cucher MA. Using the model cestode Taenia crassiceps for the study of cysticercosis. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:19-33. [PMID: 38556448 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Taenia solium is the aetiological agent of taeniasis/cysticercosis, one of the most severe neglected tropical diseases (NTD) according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The life cycle of T. solium alternates between pigs (intermediate host) and humans (definitive host). In addition, humans can act as accidental intermediate hosts if they ingest infective eggs. In this case, the most severe condition of the disease occurs when parasites invade the central nervous system, causing neurocysticercosis (NCC). The complexity of the life cycle of T. solium imposes a barrier to study this pathogen thoroughly. Thus, related species, such as T. crassiceps are commonly used. Due to its capacity to multiply asexually, T. crassiceps can be maintained by serial passage in laboratory mice in standard biosecurity level facilities. In addition, an in vitro system to generate cysticerci in the presence of feeder cells has been recently developed. Despite model species display biological differences with their zoonotic counterparts, they have historically helped to understand the biology of the related pathogenic species and hence, generate improvements in NTD detection and control. In this chapter, we describe the procedures to carry out both in vivo and in vitro systems for T. crassiceps in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ancarola
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Celia Abril García
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Alejandra Cucher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Oduori DO, Kitala PM, Wachira TM, Mulinge E, Zeyhle E, Gabriël S, Gathura PB. Sympatric occurrence of Taenia saginata and Sarcocystis spp. in cattle from Narok County, Kenya: meat inspection findings with molecular validation. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e20. [PMID: 38380478 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The epidemiological picture of Taenia saginata infections in Kenya is fragmented with limited available data. Although Sarcocystis species are significant meat-borne parasites, few studies have explored their occurrence in Kenya. This study aimed to estimate the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis and screen for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. A meat inspection-based survey was conducted in ten abattoirs in Narok County, Kenya, and inspection for T. saginata cysticerci was limited to the Triceps brachii muscle. The apparent occurrence of the parasite was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.8, 7.6, n=573). Molecular confirmation of T. saginata was done via nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene and restricted fragment length polymorphism. Sarcocystis species were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Of the 31 cystic lesions tested, 26/31 (83.9%) were confirmed to be T. saginata.Sarcocystis cruzi and S. hominis were detected in 8/31 (25.8%) and 1/31 (3.2%) of the cystic lesions, respectively. Co-infections of S. cruzi and T. saginata were found in 6/31 lesions (19.4%). The confirmation of bovine cysticercosis and S. hominis is suggestive of the presence of risky culinary and sanitation practices that facilitate transmission. This is the first report and molecular confirmation of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle in the country. The presence of both zoonotic S. hominis and pathogenic S. cruzi highlights an underexplored concern of veterinary and human health significance, warranting further epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Oduori
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - P M Kitala
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
| | - T M Wachira
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
| | - E Mulinge
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - E Zeyhle
- Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya
| | - S Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P B Gathura
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kangemi, Kenya
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Hernández-Chea R, Morales-Ramírez P, Hernández M, Hun A, Silva I, Fleury A, Sciutto E. Epidemiology of swine cysticercosis in two rural communities of Zacapa, Guatemala. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 47:100951. [PMID: 38199694 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Taeniasis/cysticercosis complex caused by Taenia solium, is a serious public health problem and causes major economic losses to swine producers in developing countries in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Despite scarce epidemiological data, Guatemala is considered endemic for T. solium. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Azacualpa and Malpais, two villages in the department of Zacapa, to assess the prevalence of swine cysticercosis and associated factors. Between March and October 2019, 149 pigs were examined by tongue palpation and serum samples were then collected to detect antibodies by ab-ELISA, and necropsy was performed on pigs that were positive by tongue palpation and/or ab-ELISA, to assess parasite load. Pig owners were asked to fill out a questionnaire on factors related to pig husbandry and occurrence of swine cysticercosis. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate analysis were used to measure the association between serological results and other variables (p < 0.05 was considered significant). The seroprevalence of swine cysticercosis was 13.4% (13/97, 95% C.I. 6.6%-20.2%) and 25% (13/52, 95% C.I. 13.2%-36.8%) in Azacualpa and Malpais, respectively, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 17.4% (26/149, 95% C.I. 11.4%-23.5%). Parasite loads ranged from 1 to over 23,000 metacestodes per carcass. No bivariate association was found between exposure variables and seropositivity. A positive diagnosis by tongue palpation increased the odds of finding pigs seropositive for cysticercosis by a factor of 16.1 in the multivariate analysis. Despite the high prevalence and parasite load of T. solium, risk factors associated with cysticercosis were not significant in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderico Hernández-Chea
- Dirección Departamental de Redes Integradas de Servicios de Salud, Guatemala-área sur, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Guatemala, Amatitlán, Guatemala.
| | | | - Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Hun
- Escuela de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ilde Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Agnès Fleury
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad Periférica del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Dehghan Rahimabadi P, Abbasi J, Shaghayegh A, Taefi Nasrabadi N, Golchin D, Kavakebi Asar Y, Ashrafi Tamai I, Anoushepour A. A rare case of Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in a neonate lamb: Evidence of prenatal transmission. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1341. [PMID: 38117665 PMCID: PMC10766016 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis develops in lambs following a Cysticercus tenuicollis infestation, which is the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena. A 7-day-old lamb was examined for depression, anorexia, fever (40.5°C), congested mucus membranes, reluctance to move, and a hunched back. Upon necropsy, congestion was noted in the intestines and brain, and the heart had a loose consistency. Soft and pulpy kidneys were evident coupled with watery intestinal contents. Epsilon toxin (Clostridium perfringens type D toxin) was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A transparent cystic structure was incidentally found attached to the pancreas, within which a scolex was well demonstrated upon histopathology. Chronic active peritonitis was diagnosed at the cyst attachment site. C. tenuicollis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and genome sequencing. This report describes prenatal transmission of C. tenuicollis in the present lamb, although this condition is quite rare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Abbasi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Health and NutritionFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
- Institute of Biomedical ResearchUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Alireza Shaghayegh
- Department of Clinical SciencesKaraj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran
| | | | - Diba Golchin
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | | | - Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Amin Anoushepour
- Department of Clinical SciencesKaraj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran
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Pizzitutti F, Bonnet G, Gonzales-Gustavson E, Gabriël S, Pan WK, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, O'Neal SE. Spatial transferability of an agent-based model to simulate Taenia solium control interventions. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:410. [PMID: 37941062 PMCID: PMC10634186 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models can be used to study and predict the impact of interventions aimed at controlling the spread of infectious agents, such as Taenia solium, a zoonotic parasite whose larval stage causes epilepsy and economic loss in many rural areas of the developing nations. To enhance the credibility of model estimates, calibration against observed data is necessary. However, this process may lead to a paradoxical dependence of model parameters on location-specific data, thus limiting the model's geographic transferability. METHODS In this study, we adopted a non-local model calibration approach to assess whether it can improve the spatial transferability of CystiAgent, our agent-based model of local-scale T. solium transmission. The calibration dataset for CystiAgent consisted of cross-sectional data on human taeniasis, pig cysticercosis and pig serology collected in eight villages in Northwest Peru. After calibration, the model was transferred to a second group of 21 destination villages in the same area without recalibrating its parameters. Model outputs were compared to pig serology data collected over a period of 2 years in the destination villages during a trial of T. solium control interventions, based on mass and spatially targeted human and pig treatments. RESULTS Considering the uncertainties associated with empirical data, the model produced simulated pre-intervention pig seroprevalences that were successfully validated against data collected in 81% of destination villages. Furthermore, the model outputs were able to reproduce validated pig seroincidence values in 76% of destination villages when compared to the data obtained after the interventions. The results demonstrate that the CystiAgent model, when calibrated using a non-local approach, can be successfully transferred without requiring additional calibration. CONCLUSIONS This feature allows the model to simulate both baseline pre-intervention transmission conditions and the outcomes of control interventions across villages that form geographically homogeneous regions, providing a basis for developing large-scale models representing T. solium transmission at a regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Bonnet
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease (CMMID), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson
- Tropical and Highlands Veterinary Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - William K Pan
- Nicholas School of Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, National Institute of Neurological Sciences, Lima, Peru
| | - Seth E O'Neal
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, USA
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Abdollahi M, Lotfollahzadeh S, Shokrpoor S, Daneshi M, Abolhasani Darounkola M. Acute coenurosis in lambs. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2786-2790. [PMID: 37725338 PMCID: PMC10650350 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Six 100-day-old mixed-breed lambs were examined in a farm with a semi-intensive system due to neurologic signs. Cachexia, bilateral blindness, stupor, severe drowsiness and lethargy with left and right movements of the head and neck were recorded after awakening and stimulation. Lambs died 10 days after the onset of the clinical signs. The lambs were necropsied, and after routine parasitology, bacteriology and histopathology, the occurrence of acute coenurosis was confirmed due to finding multiple cystic structures in the brain tissue. All lambs of the herd were treated with albendazole (orally, 25 mg/kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). All shepherd dogs were treated with popantel (orally, one tablet/10 kg, two doses with an interval of 14 days). The affected lambs died despite this treatment. No new case of the disease was observed after the initiation of control measures. The present study shows the importance of preventive measure against coenurosis in a semi-intensive sheep farming system that includes implementing consistent parasite control programme in dogs being in contact with sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSemnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | - Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Mojtaba Daneshi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and PregnancyNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
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Uys M, Fosgate GT, Seguino A. Bovine cysticercosis epidemiology and the economic impact of the triceps brachii incision in a South African export abattoir. Prev Vet Med 2023; 220:106050. [PMID: 37883865 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Taenia saginata is a zoonotic tapeworm of humans with bovines as its intermediate host (bovine cysticercosis). Traditional meat inspection is the main measure to identify the larval stage in carcasses and prevent human infection, but has a notoriously low sensitivity, especially in low prevalence settings. The legislation in multiple African countries mandates an incision in both triceps brachii muscles to detect the parasite as part of the normal post-mortem inspection, but this has an economic cost and is not universally mandated in other countries. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of bovine cysticercosis at an export abattoir in South Africa and determine the validity and cost of the triceps incision. Risk factors were investigated, and the effect of additional heart incisions on the current inspection. Four incisions were made into the heart in addition to the normal post-mortem inspection in 3353 carcasses. The proportion of positive animals with and without the cardiac and triceps incisions were compared using McNemar's chi-square tests, while risk factors were assessed using binary logistic regression. The economic impact of the triceps incision was estimated using a stochastic economic cost model. Thirty-three positive carcasses were identified for an apparent prevalence of 0.98 % (95 %CI, 0.69-1.36 %), while the true prevalence was estimated at 6.6 % (95 %CI, 4.3-8.8 %). All cysts were confirmed as T. saginata on histopathology with 70 % (95 %CI, 53-83 %) located in the heart. The additional cardiac incisions resulted in the detection of significantly more cases compared to the normal inspection method prevalence of 0.72 % (95 %CI, 0.47-1.05 %; P < 0.001). The apparent prevalence of T. saginata when omitting the triceps incision was not significantly lower compared to the prevalence when included in the inspection (P = 0.480). External feedlots (OR= 4.17, 95 %CI: 2.04-8.54, P < 0.001) and older animals (OR=3.90, 95 %CI: 1.17-13.03, P = 0.027) were associated with a positive detection. The current median annual financial cost to the food business operator from the triceps incision was estimated at $30387 (95 %CI: $0-$130696), with the proportion of deboned meat exported identified as the most important factor affecting cost (Spearman's rho=0.853). The identification of risk factors could aid in the development of a more effective risk-based inspection system. The current inspection should be modified to increase exposure of the heart and remove the triceps incisions. The latter should especially be considered given the minimal contribution to cysticercosis detection, the unsupported requirement for its inclusion specifically in Africa, and its economic impact, especially as beef exports increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthys Uys
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH259RG, Midlothian, United Kingdom; Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
| | - Geoffrey T Fosgate
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH259RG, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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11
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Wilson C, Nonga HE, Mdegela RH, Churi AJ, Mkupasi EM, Winkler AS, Ngowi HA. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding porcine cysticercosis control among smallholder pig farmers in Kongwa and Songwe districts, Tanzania: A cross-sectional study. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 44:100912. [PMID: 37652629 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis (TSTC) is a parasitic zoonotic disease that is endemic in several developing countries, causing serious public health and economic impacts. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to porcine cysticercosis (PCC) transmission, prevention and control among smallholder pig farmers in Kongwa and Songwe Districts in Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 692 smallholder pig farmers from randomly selected households. STATA software version 17 was used to analyse quantitative data, summarize farmers' KAP about PCC and calculate performance scores. Nearly half (42%) of the respondents had little knowledge regarding PCC, only 17% of the respondents had good practices towards prevention/control of PCC and 72% had a positive attitude towards PCC- prevention/control measures. The majority (73%) of smallholder pig farmers admitted deworming their pigs regularly, whereas 76% reported deworming themselves and their family members regularly. Albendazole and ivermectin are the most commonly used medications for deworming people and pigs, respectively. According to the findings, the majority of smallholder pig farmers in Kongwa and Songwe Districts showed a good attitude towards PCC prevention/control measures but had limited knowledge of the PCC life cycle and control. In addition, only one in five farmers was engaged in good practices. The findings revealed further that farmers are engaged in risky behaviours that aid the spread and perpetuation of the T. solium parasite in the study area. It is recommended that farmers should be given proper health education on the T. solium transmission cycle and preventive/control practices to limit PCC transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - H E Nonga
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - R H Mdegela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - A J Churi
- Department of Informatics and Information Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3218, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - E M Mkupasi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - A S Winkler
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany; Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - H A Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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12
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Mananjara DEA, Rakotoarinoro M, Rakotoarison VC, Raliniaina M, Razafindraibe NP, Ravonirina C, Randriamparany T, Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo H, Rakotozandrindrainy R, Cardinale E, Lightowlers MW, Donadeu M, Mwape KE. Confirmation by necropsy of a high prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in a rural district of Madagascar. Parasitology 2023; 150:852-857. [PMID: 37496390 PMCID: PMC10478050 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is recognized as an important health issue in the Malagasy population. To date, investigations into prevalence of infection with the causative agent, Taenia solium, in the parasite's natural animal intermediate hosts, have relied on serological methods which have been found to be non-specific. We determined the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis among pigs from a contiguous area of the Betafo and Mandoto administrative districts, Vakinankaratra Region, Madagascar. One hundred and four slaughter-weight pigs were examined by detailed necropsy examination including slicing of the heart, tongue, masseter muscles, diaphragm and carcase musculature. Thirty-seven animals (35.6%) were found infected with T. solium, representing one of the highest rates of infection ever reported, worldwide. These findings highlight the importance of T. solium in Madagascar and support the need for increased efforts to prevent the parasite's transmission to reduce its burden on the health of the Malagasy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Edithe Andria Mananjara
- National Center for Applied Research on Rural Development (FOFIFA), BP04 Rue Farafaty Ampandrianomby, Antsirabe, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Mihajamanana Rakotoarinoro
- National Center for Applied Research on Rural Development (FOFIFA), BP04 Rue Farafaty Ampandrianomby, Antsirabe, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Valisoa C. Rakotoarison
- National Center for Applied Research on Rural Development (FOFIFA), BP04 Rue Farafaty Ampandrianomby, Antsirabe, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Modestine Raliniaina
- National Center for Applied Research on Rural Development (FOFIFA), BP04 Rue Farafaty Ampandrianomby, Antsirabe, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | | | - Claudia Ravonirina
- Regional Directorate of Agriculture and Livestock Vakinankaratra, Madagascar
| | - Tantely Randriamparany
- National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Anosimasina Itaosy, Antananarivo 102, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Marshall W. Lightowlers
- Department of Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Meritxell Donadeu
- Department of Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
- Initiative for Neglected Animal Diseases (INAND), Constantia Park, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabemba E. Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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13
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de Souza AJS, Malheiros AP, Chagas AACD, Alves MM, Bernal MKM, Carneiro LA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Nunes HM. Cysticercosis in free-ranging agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e006723. [PMID: 37493786 PMCID: PMC10399550 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The study describes the occurrence of cysticercosis in liver of 22 wild agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Brazilian Amazon. The phylogenetic analysis and microscopic characteristics of metacestodes in liver tissue sections, associated with the geographic distribution of the intermediate hosts indicated that a possibly novel Taenia sp. metacestode caused the parasitism. Additionally, two cases of hepatic co-infection by Taenia sp., Calodium sp. and Echinococcus oligarthra were also observed among the analyzed animals. The results point to the need for a better understanding of hepatotropic parasites among wild rodents in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Junior Souza de Souza
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Andreza Pinheiro Malheiros
- Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - André Antônio Corrêa das Chagas
- Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Max Moreira Alves
- Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Liliane Almeida Carneiro
- Centro Nacional de Primatas - CENP, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA, Brasil
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia LIM-07, Instituto de Medicina Tropical - IMT, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Heloisa Marceliano Nunes
- Seção de Hepatologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brasil
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14
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Abdollahi M, Lotfollahzadeh S, Shokrpoor S, Ashrafi Tamai I. Acute cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis in lambs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1614-1618. [PMID: 37246792 PMCID: PMC10365031 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve 30- to 75-day-old mixed breed lambs were examined in an intensive system because of sudden recumbency and death. Clinical examination revealed sudden recumbency, visceral pain, and auscultation of respiratory crackles. Lambs died shortly (between 30 minutes and 3 hours) after the onset of clinical signs. The lambs were necropsied, and after routine parasitology, bacteriology and histopathology procedures, the occurrence of acute cysticercosis caused by Cysticercus tenuicollis was confirmed. The use of the suspect infested feed (newly purchased starter concentrate) was discontinued and other lambs of the flock were treated with praziquantel (15 mg/kg, single dose, orally). After these actions, no new cases were observed. The present study showed the importance of preventive measures against cysticercosis in intensive sheep farming systems which include proper storage of feed, preventing feed and environmental access by potential definitive hosts, and implementing consistent parasite control programs in dogs that are in contact with sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdollahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSemnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | - Samad Lotfollahzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Iradj Ashrafi Tamai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
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15
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Dey AR, Anisuzzaman, Hasan M, Hoque MR, Siddiqui TR, Alam MZ. Morphometry and genetic diversity pattern of Cysticercus tenuicollis, an important food-borne taeniid metacestode in goats in Bangladesh. Infect Genet Evol 2022; 105:105364. [PMID: 36100031 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysticercus tenuicollis is a larval stage of Taenia hydatigena resulting in cysticercosis, and responsible for enormous economic loses, especially in livestock production. Here, we planned to determine the prevalence and explore genetic variation of C. tenuicollis isolated from goats based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (rrnS) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). To do this, samples were collected from different slaughter houses of municipal areas such as Bramhapalli slaughterhouse, Jubileeghat slaughterhouse and Mesuabazar slaughterhouse at Mymensingh sadar, and tentatively identified by morphological and morphometrical analysis. To study genetic variation, DNA was extracted from C. tenuicollis, and amplified rrnS and cox1 genes using specific primers, and were sequenced. Among 1372 examined animals, 177 (12.9%) were infected with C. tenuicollis. Cysts were recovered from peritoneum (7.9%), liver (4.4%) and urinary bladder (0.6%) of the infected animals. Females (18.9%) and adults (20.7%) were significantly more susceptible than male (8.8%) and young (9.3%), respectively. Genetic analysis defined 8 distinct rrnS genotypes and 9 unique cox1 haplotypes among 20 C. tenuicollis isolates. The nucleotide diversities were 0.00283 and 0.00434 for rrnS and cox1 genes, respectively. Neighbor joining (NJ) trees of rrnS and cox1 gene were constructed and the studied sequences were clustered with reference sequences of T. hydatigena with strong nodal support (100%). To compare Bangladeshi isolates, a median joining network was constructed with the population from other geographical regions and hosts. This led to a clustering pattern, but the clusters were not built with unique geographical regions or hosts. In conclusion, this is the first study that describes the genetic variation of T. hydatigena population and suggests the existence of host-specific variants. Therefore, it is fundamental to dispose infected viscera, restrict dog movement and proper management of slaughter house for the prevention and control of cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rani Dey
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Moinul Hasan
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Razibul Hoque
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanbin Rubaiya Siddiqui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Zahangir Alam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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16
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García LCA, Pérez MG, Ancarola ME, Rosenzvit MC, Cucher MA. In vitro system for the growth and asexual multiplication of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci. Parasitology 2022; 149:1775-1780. [PMID: 36165285 PMCID: PMC11010574 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Taenia solium is the aetiological agent of cysticercosis, a zoonosis that causes severe health and economic losses across Latin America, Africa and Asia. The most serious manifestation of the disease is neurocysticercosis, which occurs when the larval stage (cysticercus) establishes in the central nervous system. Using Taenia crassiceps as an experimental model organism for the study of cysticercosis, we aimed to identify the in vitro conditions necessary to allow parasite development at the short- and long terms. First, cysticerci were incubated for 15 days in different media and parasite densities. The number of buddings and cysticerci diameter were measured to evaluate asexual multiplication and parasite growth, respectively. Vitality was determined by trypan blue staining and morphology analysis. As a result, high cysticerci density and medium containing FBS and the excretion/secretion (E/S) products of feeder cells induced parasite survival, growth and multiplication. Then, the long-term (5 weeks) incubation of the parasites in co-culture with feeder cells was evaluated. Consequently, the mammalian cell lines induced a significant increase in total parasite volume while axenic cultures did not show any statistically significant change over time. In this study, the proper conditions to maintain T. crassiceps in vitro are described for the first time in a simpler and more controlled setting other than experimental infections. In addition, it was shown that cysticerci growth, survival and asexual multiplication depend on a complex network of secreted factors from both parasite and host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Celia Abril García
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Gastón Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Ancarola
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara Cecilia Rosenzvit
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Alejandra Cucher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Pizzitutti F, Bonnet G, Gonzales-Gustavson E, Gabriël S, Pan WK, Pray IW, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, O’Neal SE. Non-local validated parametrization of an agent-based model of local-scale Taenia solium transmission in North-West Peru. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275247. [PMID: 36166462 PMCID: PMC9514638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is the cause of a preventable zoonotic disease, cysticercosis, affecting both pigs and humans. Continued endemic transmission of T. solium is a major contributor of epilepsy and other neurologic morbidity, and the source of important economic losses, in many rural areas of developing countries. Simulation modelling can play an important role in aiding the design and evaluation of strategies to control or even eliminate transmission of the parasite. In this paper, we present a new agent based model of local-scale T. solium transmission and a new, non-local, approach to the model calibration to fit model outputs to observed human taeniasis and pig cysticercosis prevalence simultaneously for several endemic villages. The model fully describes all relevant aspects of T. solium transmission, including the processes of pig and human infection, the spatial distribution of human and pig populations, the production of pork for human consumption, and the movement of humans and pigs in and out in several endemic villages of the northwest of Peru. Despite the high level of uncertainty associated with the empirical measurements of epidemiological data associated with T. solium, the non-local calibrated model parametrization reproduces the observed prevalences with an acceptable precision. It does so not only for the villages used to calibrate the model, but also for villages not included in the calibration process. This important finding demonstrates that the model, including its calibrated parametrization, can be successfully transferred within an endemic region. This will enable future studies to inform the design and optimization of T. solium control interventions in villages where the calibration may be prevented by the limited amount of empirical data, expanding the possible applications to a wider range of settings compared to previous models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabrielle Bonnet
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases (CMMID), London School of Hygiene & Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson
- Tropical and Highlands Veterinary Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - William K. Pan
- Nicholas School of Environment Durham, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Ian W. Pray
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Armando E. Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H. Garcia
- Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, National Institute of Neurological Sciences, Lima, Peru
| | - Seth E. O’Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima Peru
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18
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Qurishi SA, Yan HB, Li L, Ohiolei JA, Alvi MA, Zhang LS, Da H, Qiao HM, Shumuye NA, Hua B, Bai BX, Tian WJ, Xu JM, Fu BQ, Jia WZ. Comparison of mitochondrial genetic variation of Taenia hydatigena cysticerci from China and Mongolia. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3455-3466. [PMID: 36149499 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infection is one of the many challenges facing livestock production globally. Cysticercosis tenuicollis is a common parasitic disease in domestic and wild ruminants (intermediate host) caused by the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena that primarily infects dogs (definitive host). Although genetic studies on this parasite exist, only a few describe the genetic variation of this parasite in Mongolia. Our aim was thus, to identify the mitochondrial differences in ovine isolates of Cysticercus tenuicollis entering China from Mongolia and comparison with existing Chinese isolates from sheep and goats based on the recently described PCR-RFLP method and mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nad4) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5). Sixty-nine isolates were collected during routine veterinary meat inspections from sheep that originated from Mongolia, at the modern slaughterhouses in Erenhot City, Inner Mongolia. Additional 114 cysticerci were also retrieved from sheep and goats from northern (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province), western (Tibet Autonomous Region), and southern (Jiangxi Province and Guangxi Province) China. The PCR-RFLP approach of the nad5 showed nine mitochondrial subclusters A1, A2, A3, A5, A8, A9, A10, A11, and B of T. hydatigena isolates from sheep and goats from Mongolia and China. Meanwhile, haplogroup A1 RFLP profile was more widespread than other variants. These data supplements existing information on the molecular epidemiology of T. hydatigena in China and Mongolia and demonstrate the occurrence of similar genetic population structures in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ajmal Qurishi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Faryab University, Maymana, Afghanistan
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - John Aeskhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lin-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ha Da
- Xilin Gol League Animal Disease Control Center, Xilinhot, 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hong-Mei Qiao
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Sunan County, Gansu Province, Sunan, Zhangye City, 734400, China
| | - Nigus Abebe Shumuye
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Bao Hua
- Xilin Gol League Animal Disease Control Center, Xilinhot, 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bing-Xin Bai
- Xilin Gol League Animal Disease Control Center, Xilinhot, 026000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wen-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Ju-Mei Xu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Sunan County, Gansu Province, Sunan, Zhangye City, 734400, China
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology/ College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/ National Professional Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/ Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/ Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Moudgil AD, Nehra AK, Vohra S, Thakur SD, Sharma D. Prevalence and phylogeography of Taenia hydatigena metacestodes from goats of India. Parasitology 2022; 149:1193-1198. [PMID: 35570666 PMCID: PMC11010500 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study determined the prevalence and genetic population structure relationships of Cysticercus tenuicollis (Taenia hydatigena metacestode) retrieved from the goats slaughtered in north India. An overall prevalence of 9.62% (59/613) was recorded. Genetic population structure relationships were assessed by targeting partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene sequence. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all the present study representative isolates (n = 7) formed a major clade and grouped with T. hydatigena isolates retrieved from sheep, goats, pigs and dogs, originating from China, Iran, Nigeria, Ghana and Poland. However, a single isolate from Himachal Pradesh (isolate 3) formed a subgroup within the clade. The neutrality and diversity indices revealed high values of haplotype diversity [Hd = 0.99695 (0.95238–1.0000)] and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.49276), which was indicative of demographic expansion and low gene flow, suggesting that Indian T. hydatigena isolates were not genetically differentiated. Tajima's D (−1.26988) and Fu and Li's D statistics values (−0.74556) were negative, demonstrating deviations from neutrality and both propounded recent population expansion or purifying selection. Results highlighted a low genetic diversity of T. hydatigena metacestodes across the geographical range of north India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman D Moudgil
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Anil K Nehra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Sukhdeep Vohra
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Sidharath Dev Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P. 176062, India
| | - Dinesh Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur, H.P. 176062, India
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Morsy K, Dajem SB, Al-Kahtani M, El-Kott A, Ibrahim E, Hamdi H, Al-Doaiss A, Abumandour M, El-Mekkawy H, Massoud D, Adel A, El-Kareem SA. Larval cestodes infecting commercial fish of Alexandria coast along the Mediterranean Sea: morphology and phylogeny. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2022; 31:e003022. [PMID: 35674532 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Members of the order Trypanorhyncha are cestode parasites that are frequently found infecting the muscles of several marine fish species, affecting fish health and resulting in consumers' rejection. Seventy-five specimens of marine fish were freshly caught from boat landing sites at the Alexandria coast along the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, including two Carangids, the greater amberjack Seriola dumerili and the gulley jack Pseudocarans dentex; two Serranids, the Haifa grouper Epinephelus haifensis and the mottled grouper Mycteroperca rubra. Forty-five fish were infected; the infection was recorded as blastocysts embedded in fish flesh. Blastocysts were isolated and ruptured; the generated plerocerci were described morphologically, where, four different species were recovered; Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Callitetrarhynchus speciosus, Protogrillotia zerbiae, and Grillotia brayi. The taxonomic position of these parasites was justified by multiple-sequence alignment and a phylogenetic tree was constructed following maximum likelihood analysis of the 18s rRNA sequences of the recovered worms. The accession numbers MN625168, MN625169, MN611431and MN611432 were respectively assigned to the recovered parasites. The results obtained from the molecular analyses confirmed the morphological records of the recovered parasites. Since metacestodes are found in the musculature of infected fish specimens, it is necessary to remove these areas in the commercialization of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saad Bin Dajem
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Kahtani
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Essam Ibrahim
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University,Abha, Saudia Arabia
| | - Hamida Hamdi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amin Al-Doaiss
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Anatomy and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen
| | - Mohamed Abumandour
- Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Haitham El-Mekkawy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Massoud
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Adel
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Bobes RJ, Estrada K, Rios-Valencia DG, Calderón-Gallegos A, de la Torre P, Carrero JC, Sanchez-Flores A, Laclette JP. The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:876839. [PMID: 35619649 PMCID: PMC9128525 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.876839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cysticercosis by Taenia solium is the major cause of neurological illness in countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Publication of four cestode genomes (T. solium, Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus and Hymenolepis microstoma) in the last decade, marked the advent of novel approaches on the study of the host-parasite molecular crosstalk for cestode parasites of importance for human and animal health. Taenia crassiceps is another cestode parasite, closely related to T. solium, which has been used in numerous studies as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Therefore, characterization of the T. crassiceps genome will also contribute to the understanding of the human infection. Here, we report the genome of T. crassiceps WFU strain, reconstructed to a noncontiguous finished resolution and performed a genomic and differential expression comparison analysis against ORF strain. Both strain genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore (MinION) and Illumina technologies, achieving high quality assemblies of about 107 Mb for both strains. Dotplot comparison between WFU and ORF demonstrated that both genomes were extremely similar. Additionally, karyotyping results for both strains failed to demonstrate a difference in chromosome composition. Therefore, our results strongly support the concept that the absence of scolex in the ORF strain of T. crassiceps was not the result of a chromosomal loss as proposed elsewhere. Instead, it appears to be the result of subtle and extensive differences in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of variants between the two strains identified 2,487 sites with changes distributed in 31 of 65 scaffolds. The differential expression analysis revealed that genes related to development and morphogenesis in the ORF strain might be involved in the lack of scolex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J. Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Karel Estrada
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Patricia de la Torre
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julio C. Carrero
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sanchez-Flores
- Biotechnology Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
| | - Juan P. Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan P. Laclette, ; Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,
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Chou S, Ozawa M, Matsubara K, Tamukai K, Tokiwa T. Subcutaneous cysticercosis due to Taenia crassiceps (Cestoda: Taeniidae) in an imported steppe lemming in Japan. Parasitol Int 2022; 87:102524. [PMID: 34863980 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a subcutaneous proliferative cysticercosis in a pet steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), bred and imported from Czech Republic into Japan. Numerous metacestodes were collected from the subcutaneous cystic lesion of the left medial thigh. Four surgical removals were coupled with anthelmintic treatment but ended with recurrence. Based on morphological features and mitochondrial DNA sequences, the metacestodes were identified as the larval stage of Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800). This is the first case of infection with larval T. crassiceps in rodents of the genus Lagurus, and becomes the third case of the parasite detected from imported animals in Japan. Related public health concerns are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyun Chou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Masato Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan.
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Gulelat Y, Eguale T, Kebede N, Aleme H, Fèvre EM, Cook EAJ. Epidemiology of Porcine Cysticercosis in Eastern and Southern Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:836177. [PMID: 35372187 PMCID: PMC8966092 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.836177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis is the most common cause of acquired epilepsy in pig-raising and pork-consuming parts of Africa, Latin America, and Asia. This review aimed to systematically compile and synthesize data on the epidemiology of porcine cysticercosis in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region. Comprehensive searching strategies were employed to retrieve the studies published or reported between January 1,1997 and March 1, 2021, from Pub Med, Hinari, and Google Scholar databases and search platforms. The identified studies that met the inclusion criteria were then appraised for methodological quality. Finally, 44 studies obtained from nine countries were selected and included in this review. Relevant data were extracted using standardized templates for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence estimate of porcine cysticercosis in the ESA region was 17% (95% CI: 14-20%). The prevalence level between and within countries showed high variability. The pooled estimate showed high heterogeneity among the reports (the inverse variance index value (I2) of 98.99%, p < 0.05). The meta-analysis sub-grouped by the type of diagnostic test showed the pooled prevalence estimate of 27% (95% CI: 9-50) by carcass dissection; 23% (95% CI: 14-33) by Antibody-based immunodiagnostic techniques; 23% (95% CI: 18-29) by antigen detecting (Ag)-ELISA, 12% (95% CI: 7-18) by meat inspection, and 9% (95% CI: 7-11) by lingual examination. The meta-analysis sub-grouped by region showed a relatively higher pooled prevalence estimate for the Southern region 22% (95% CI: 15-30) compared to 13% (95% CI: 11-15) in the Eastern region. The highest country-based pooled prevalence was obtained from South Africa (33%, 95% CI: 20-48) and Zambia (22%, 95% CI: 16-29), whereas the lowest pooled prevalence was identified in Madagascar (5%, 95% CI: 4-5) and Rwanda (7%, 95% CI: 6-8). The lack of latrine, traditional pig husbandry practices, unprotected water sources, and increase in age were identified as significant risk factors for the occurrence of porcine cysticercosis in the pooled studies. The findings of this review will provide context-specific input to prioritize the possible intervention programs for T. solium control in the ESA region. More sensitive and specific test-based prevalence estimates, detailed risk factor investigations, and financial losses analysis are needed to establish feasible control strategies. Systematic Review Registration http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42021238931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewubdar Gulelat
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nigatu Kebede
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hailelule Aleme
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. J. Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Pray IW, Pizzitutti F, Bonnet G, Gonzales-Gustavson E, Wakeland W, Pan WK, Lambert WE, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, O’Neal SE. Validation of a spatial agent-based model for Taenia solium transmission ("CystiAgent") against a large prospective trial of control strategies in northern Peru. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009885. [PMID: 34705827 PMCID: PMC8575314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) is a parasitic helminth that imposes a major health and economic burden on poor rural populations around the world. As recognized by the World Health Organization, a key barrier for achieving control of T. solium is the lack of an accurate and validated simulation model with which to study transmission and evaluate available control and elimination strategies. CystiAgent is a spatially-explicit agent based model for T. solium that is unique among T. solium models in its ability to represent key spatial and environmental features of transmission and simulate spatially targeted interventions, such as ring strategy. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We validated CystiAgent against results from the Ring Strategy Trial (RST)-a large cluster-randomized trial conducted in northern Peru that evaluated six unique interventions for T. solium control in 23 villages. For the validation, each intervention strategy was replicated in CystiAgent, and the simulated prevalences of human taeniasis, porcine cysticercosis, and porcine seroincidence were compared against prevalence estimates from the trial. Results showed that CystiAgent produced declines in transmission in response to each of the six intervention strategies, but overestimated the effect of interventions in the majority of villages; simulated prevalences for human taenasis and porcine cysticercosis at the end of the trial were a median of 0.53 and 5.0 percentages points less than prevalence observed at the end of the trial, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The validation of CystiAgent represented an important step towards developing an accurate and reliable T. solium transmission model that can be deployed to fill critical gaps in our understanding of T. solium transmission and control. To improve model accuracy, future versions would benefit from improved data on pig immunity and resistance, field effectiveness of anti-helminthic treatment, and factors driving spatial clustering of T. solium infections including dispersion and contact with T. solium eggs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian W. Pray
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Francesco Pizzitutti
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle Bonnet
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eloy Gonzales-Gustavson
- Tropical and Highlands Veterinary Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, EL Mantaro, Peru
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Wayne Wakeland
- Systems Science Program, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William K. Pan
- Duke Global Health Institute & Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William E. Lambert
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Armando E. Gonzalez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector H. Garcia
- School of Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru
| | - Seth E. O’Neal
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Center for Global Health Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tumbes, Peru
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Ngwili N, Johnson N, Wahome R, Githigia S, Roesel K, Thomas L. A qualitative assessment of the context and enabling environment for the control of Taenia solium infections in endemic settings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009470. [PMID: 34115758 PMCID: PMC8221787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium (T. solium), is a zoonotic helminth causing three diseases namely; taeniasis (in humans), neurocysticercosis (NCC, in humans) and porcine cysticercosis (PCC, in pigs) and is one of the major foodborne diseases by burden. The success or failure of control options against this parasite in terms of reduced prevalence or incidence of the diseases may be attributed to the contextual factors which underpin the design, implementation, and evaluation of control programmes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The study used a mixed method approach combining systematic literature review (SLR) and key informant interviews (KII). The SLR focused on studies which implemented T. solium control programmes and was used to identify the contextual factors and enabling environment relevant to successful inception, planning and implementation of the interventions. The SLR used a protocol pre-registered at the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42019138107 and followed PRISMA guidelines on reporting of SLR. To further highlight the importance and interlinkage of these contextual factors, KII were conducted with researchers/implementers of the studies included in the SLR. The SLR identified 41 publications that had considerations of the contextual factors. They were grouped into efficacy (10), effectiveness (28) and scale up or implementation (3) research studies. The identified contextual factors included epidemiological, socioeconomic, cultural, geographical and environmental, service and organizational, historical and financial factors. The enabling environment was mainly defined by policy and strategies supporting T. solium control. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Failure to consider the contextual factors operating in target study sites was shown to later present challenges in project implementation and evaluation that negatively affected expected outcomes. This study highlights the importance of fully considering the various domains of the context and integrating these explicitly into the plan for implementation and evaluation of control programmes. Explicit reporting of these aspects in the resultant publication is also important to guide future work. The contextual factors highlighted in this study may be useful to guide future research and scale up of disease control programmes and demonstrates the importance of close multi-sectoral collaboration in a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ngwili
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy Johnson
- CGIAR Research program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, IFPRI, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Raphael Wahome
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samuel Githigia
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kristina Roesel
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lian Thomas
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Lea Hurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom
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Skrip LA, Dermauw V, Dorny P, Ganaba R, Millogo A, Tarnagda Z, Carabin H. Data-driven analyses of behavioral strategies to eliminate cysticercosis in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009234. [PMID: 33755677 PMCID: PMC8018642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The multi-host taeniosis/cysticercosis disease system is associated with significant neurological morbidity, as well as economic burden, globally. We investigated whether lower cost behavioral interventions are sufficient for local elimination of human cysticercosis in Boulkiemdé, Sanguié, and Nayala provinces of Burkina Faso. Methodology/Principal findings Province-specific data on human behaviors (i.e., latrine use and pork consumption) and serological prevalence of human and pig disease were used to inform a deterministic, compartmental model of the taeniosis/cysticercosis disease system. Parameters estimated via Bayesian melding provided posterior distributions for comparing transmission rates associated with human ingestion of Taenia solium cysticerci due to undercooking and human exposure to T. solium eggs in the environment. Reductions in transmission via these pathways were modeled to determine required effectiveness of a market-focused cooking behavior intervention and a community-led sanitation and hygiene program, independently and in combination, for eliminating human cysticercosis as a public health problem (<1 case per 1000 population). Transmission of cysticerci due to consumption of undercooked pork was found to vary significantly across transmission settings. In Sanguié, the rate of transmission due to undercooking was 6% higher than that in Boulkiemdé (95% CI: 1.03, 1.09; p-value < 0.001) and 35% lower than that in Nayala (95% CI: 0.64, 0.66; p-value < 0.001). We found that 67% and 62% reductions in undercooking of pork consumed in markets were associated with elimination of cysticercosis in Nayala and Sanguié, respectively. Elimination of active cysticercosis in Boulkiemdé required a 73% reduction. Less aggressive reductions of 25% to 30% in human exposure to Taenia solium eggs through sanitation and hygiene programs were associated with elimination in the provinces. Conclusions/Significance Despite heterogeneity in effectiveness due to local transmission dynamics and behaviors, education on the importance of proper cooking, in combination with community-led sanitation and hygiene efforts, has implications for reducing morbidity due to cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis. It is important to consider context-specific behaviors and transmission pathways when designing scalable and sustainable intervention strategies for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with cysticercosis, suites of interventions have been recommended but are inconsistently implemented due to cost and feasibility-related constraints. This study investigated the potential of a cooking intervention to interrupt transmission via undercooked pork in marketplaces of Burkina Faso. The sensitivity of Taenia solium parasite to temperatures attainable via improved cooking strategies provides a low-cost, human-centered approach to prevent consumption of infected pork meals. By accounting for differential behavior and the relative role of this transmission route across three provinces, we show how the potential of cysticercosis elimination (as a public health problem) varies across behavior-focused interventions. Further investigation into intervention strategies against human and pig cysticercosis warrants data-driven analyses that account for local variation in transmission behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Athanase Millogo
- Department of Medicine, CHU Sourô Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Zékiba Tarnagda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Hélène Carabin
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Gomez-Fuentes S, Hernández-de la Fuente S, Morales-Ruiz V, López-Recinos D, Guevara-Salinas A, Parada-Colin MC, Espitia C, Ochoa-Leyva A, Sánchez F, Villalobos N, Arce-Sillas A, Hernández M, Mora SI, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Adalid-Peralta L. A novel, sequencing-free strategy for the functional characterization of Taenia solium proteomic fingerprint. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009104. [PMID: 33600419 PMCID: PMC7924735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flatworm Taenia solium causes human and pig cysticercosis. When cysticerci are established in the human central nervous system, they cause neurocysticercosis, a potentially fatal disease. Neurocysticercosis is a persisting public health problem in rural regions of Mexico and other developing countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa, where the infection is endemic. The great variability observed in the phenotypic and genotypic traits of cysticerci result in a great heterogeneity in the patterns of molecules secreted by them within their host. This work is aimed to identify and characterize cysticercal secretion proteins of T. solium cysticerci obtained from 5 naturally infected pigs from Guerrero, Mexico, using 2D-PAGE proteomic analysis. The isoelectric point (IP) and molecular weight (MW) of the spots were identified using the software ImageMaster 2D Platinum v.7.0. Since most secreted proteins are impossible to identify by mass spectrometry (MS) due to their low concentration in the sample, a novel strategy to predict their sequence was applied. In total, 108 conserved and 186 differential proteins were identified in five cysticercus cultures. Interestingly, we predicted the sequence of 14 proteins that were common in four out of five cysticercus cultures, which could be used to design vaccines or diagnostic methods for neurocysticercosis. A functional characterization of all sequences was performed using the algorithms SecretomeP, SignalP, and BlastKOALA. We found a possible link between signal transduction pathways in parasite cells and human cancer due to deregulation in signal transduction pathways. Bioinformatics analysis also demonstrated that the parasite release proteins by an exosome-like mechanism, which could be of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gomez-Fuentes
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Sarah Hernández-de la Fuente
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Valeria Morales-Ruiz
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Dina López-Recinos
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Adrián Guevara-Salinas
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - María Cristina Parada-Colin
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Filiberto Sánchez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Nelly Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Asiel Arce-Sillas
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Silvia Ivonne Mora
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Laura Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Fama, México, México
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Information obtained from abattoirs on the causes of liver condemnation is important in preventing the spread of diseases and for promoting food security. The current study reviews three years (2009 to 2011) postmortem inspection records of cattle slaughtered at an abattoir in Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan. The aim was to determine the prevalence of diseases and conditions that lead to liver condemnation. RESULTS From a total of 234,175 cattle slaughtered, 8,910 (3.8%) livers were condemned due to several diseases/conditions mainly fasciolosis, cysticercosis, necrosis, abscess, calcification, hemorrhages, liver cirrhosis, hydatidosis, and other miscellaneous causes. Collectively, fasciolosis was the leading cause of liver condemnation and was responsible for 51.6 % of total liver condemnations followed by necrosis (18.6%), and cysticercosis (13.5%). CONCLUSIONS Because of their zoonotic nature, the observed high frequency of some detected diseases/conditions is thought to pose a public health risk among consumers. This survey could be used as a regional baseline for future monitoring of control programmers against these liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darien Kheder Ali Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
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Marinho GLDOC, Schwarz DGG, Trigo BB, Nunes CM, Romeiro ET, de Azevedo EO, da Silva JEM, Farias MPO, Oliveira JF, Faustino MADG. Swine cysticercosis and associated risk factors in non-technified pig breeding in semi-arid region of Sergipe state, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:37. [PMID: 33230578 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Taenia solium anti-metacestode antibodies in slaughtered pigs in a semi-arid region of the "Alto Sertão" of Sergipe state, Brazil, and verify the risk factors associated with swine cysticercosis. For this, 230 samples of swine blood from two slaughterhouses were collected and analyzed by indirect ELISA. The pigs came from five non-technical properties in the semi-arid region of the Alto Sertão of Sergipe state. Searches for cysts in the skeletal muscles of the pigs were performed during slaughter. In addition, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the pigs' original properties to determine risk factors. Besides that, the official health services database was evaluated for confirmed cases of neurocysticercosis and taeniasis in humans in the last 5 years, living in the studied region. Seropositivity in pigs was 12.6%, with no significant difference between males and females. No cysts were found in the carcasses of the slaughtered pigs. A positive association was found for properties that discharge domestic sewage into the environment, in river or streams, increasing the risk of positivity by 5.72 times. When analyzing the database of official agencies, there were no records of cases of neurocysticercosis or taeniasis in the resident population in the last 5 years. However, there were frequent cases of idiopathic epilepsy. The results demonstrate that study area is endemic for swine cysticercosis and serves as a warning of the possibility of the occurrence of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Lídice de O C Marinho
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil.
| | - David Germano G Schwarz
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Beatriz B Trigo
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Aracatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Caris M Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Aracatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edenilze T Romeiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia Paula O Farias
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Oliveira
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, IFMG - Campus Avançado Ponte Nova, Ponte Nova, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Dixon MA, Winskill P, Harrison WE, Whittaker C, Schmidt V, Sarti E, Bawm S, Dione MM, Thomas LF, Walker M, Basáñez MG. Force-of-infection of Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis: a modelling analysis to assess global incidence and prevalence trends. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17637. [PMID: 33077748 PMCID: PMC7572398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) called, in 2012, for a validated strategy towards Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis control and elimination. Estimating pig force-of-infection (FoI, the average rate at which susceptible pigs become infected) across geographical settings will help understand local epidemiology and inform effective intervention design. Porcine cysticercosis (PCC) age-prevalence data (from 15 studies in Latin America, Africa and Asia) were identified through systematic review. Catalytic models were fitted to the data using Bayesian methods, incorporating uncertainty in diagnostic performance, to estimate rates of antibody seroconversion, viable metacestode acquisition, and seroreversion/infection loss. There was evidence of antibody seroreversion across 5 studies, and of infection loss in 6 studies measured by antigen or necropsy, indicating transient serological responses and natural resolution of infection. Concerted efforts should be made to collect robust data using improved diagnostics to better understand geographical heterogeneities in T. solium transmission to support post-2020 WHO targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dixon
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Peter Winskill
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Wendy E Harrison
- SCI Foundation, Edinburgh House, 170 Kennington Lane, London, SE11 5DP, UK
| | - Charles Whittaker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elsa Sarti
- Sanofi Pasteur Latin America, Av. Universidad N° 1738, Colonia Coyoacán, 04000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - Saw Bawm
- University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, 15013, Myanmar
| | - Michel M Dione
- International Livestock Research Institute, 01 BP 1496, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lian F Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute for Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
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Kabululu ML, Ngowi HA, Mlangwa JED, Mkupasi EM, Braae UC, Colston A, Cordel C, Poole EJ, Stuke K, Johansen MV. TSOL18 vaccine and oxfendazole for control of Taenia solium cysticercosis in pigs: A field trial in endemic areas of Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008785. [PMID: 33052939 PMCID: PMC7588121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A field trial was conducted in Tanzania to determine the effectiveness of TSOL18 vaccine used concurrently with oxfendazole (OFZ), and of OFZ alone, on T. solium cysticercosis determined by organ and half carcase dissection of slaughter age pigs. This study followed a quasi-experimental group design. Suitable trial sites were randomly allocated to either treatment group T1 (OFZ treatment alone [30mg/kg, Paranthic 10%]) or T2 (TSOL18 [1ml, Cysvax] plus OFZ). Three 4-monthly treatments were administered to eligible pigs. A random selection of pigs were necropsied at baseline and at endline, 2–3.5 months after the final treatment. Additionally, untreated pigs from T1 and T2 areas were necropsied at endline to provide contemporaneous comparisons with T1 and T2 pigs. Baseline prevalence of viable T. solium cysticerci for T1 was 25.5% (Exact 95% CI: 13.9, 40.3; n = 12/47), and for T2 was 12.0% (CI: 6.4, 20.0; n = 12/100). At endline, prevalence was 2.8% for T1 (CI: 0.1, 14.5, n = 1/36) and 0% for T2 (CI: 0, 4.7, n = 0/77). Among untreated pigs, three had viable cysticerci, one from T1 area (12.5%, CI: 0.3, 52.7; n = 1/8) and two from T2 area (5.7%, CI: 0.7, 19.2, n = 2/35). Fisher’s exact test showed significant changes in prevalence from baseline to endline in both groups (T1: p = 0.005, T2: p = 0.001). Firth’s penalized Maximum Likelihood method suggested the changes were not significant relative to their controls (T1: p = 0.245, T2: p = 0.076). These findings showed a significant reduction in the prevalence of viable cysticerci from baseline to endline after both interventions. However, the changes could not be definitively attributed to the interventions due, in part, to small numbers of control pigs. Concurrent administration of the TSOL18 and OFZ cleared infection among assessed pigs whereas infection remained after treatment with OFZ only. Further studies including larger sample sizes would be required for more definitive conclusions. A One Health approach is recommended for rapid and sustainable impact. The pork tapeworm T. solium affects the health and income of poor people in endemic areas. A pig vaccine—TSOL18, and a drug—oxfendazole (OFZ) present options for its control. In this study we assessed the effectiveness of the two tools against the parasite in pigs. We provided one group of pigs (T1) with a concurrent administration of TSOL18 and OFZ, and another group (T2) with OFZ only, in three rounds at 4 months intervals. We compared infection prevalence before and after the interventions by detection of cysticerci through carcase dissections. In addition, untreated pigs from the T1 and T2 areas were also sacrificed to serve as controls. We found a significant reduction in prevalence within the groups after the interventions. However, the reductions were not significant when compared with the reductions in the control groups, hence could not be definitively attributed to the interventions. Further, concurrent administration of TSOL18 and OFZ cleared infection among assessed pigs whereas OFZ alone did not clear the infection. Further studies would be required to make more definitive conclusions. We advocate for a One Health approach for a more rapid and sustainable impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwemezi L. Kabululu
- Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI)—Uyole, Mbeya, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Helena A. Ngowi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - James E. D. Mlangwa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ernatus M. Mkupasi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Angela Colston
- Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Claudia Cordel
- Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed), Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth J. Poole
- Statistics for Sustainable Development (Stats4SD), Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Stuke
- Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maria V. Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Aguilar-Vega L, Plett-Torres T, Romano MC, Zurabian R. Evagination of metacestodes of the WFU strain of Taenia crassiceps and evaluation of the impact of immune suppression of hamsters during tapeworm development. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67:2020.022. [PMID: 32958724 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Taeniosis-cysticercosis caused by Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) is a useful experimental model for biomedical research, in substitution of Taenia solium Linnaeus, 1758, studied during decades to develop effective vaccination, novel anti-helminthic drugs and diagnostic tools. Cysticercosis in mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus) is achieved by the larval subculturing of the Wake Forest University (WFU) strain of T. crassiceps. Golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse), has been shown to be the most suitable host for adult forms of parasite in experimental taeniosis. Metacestodes of T. crassiceps WFU multiply by budding without restrictions once inoculated into the mouse, while the number of tapeworms developed from these larvae in hamsters remains highly variable. Three objectives have been proposed to improve the infection of T. crassiceps WFU in hamsters: (1) to re-evaluate the need of immune suppression; (2) to investigate the advantage of infecting hamsters with metacestodes with in vitro protruded scolices; and (3) to compare a number of tapeworms developed from metacestodes subcultured in hamsters against those proliferated in mice. Our results demonstrated that when the evagination of murine metacestodes was high, the number of T. crassiceps WFU adults obtained from hamsters was also high. Immunosuppressive treatment remains relevant for this experimental rodent model. The hamster-to-hamster cysticercosis-taeniosis by T. crassiceps overcame the mouse-to-hamster model in the yield of adult specimens. In vitro scolex evagination and metacestode asexual proliferation in hamsters place this rodent model by T. crassiceps WFU as the most affordable experimental models with taeniids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aguilar-Vega
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tanya Plett-Torres
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marta C Romano
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Biofisica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV del I.P.N., Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rimma Zurabian
- Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Hobbs EC, Mwape KE, Phiri AM, Mambwe M, Mambo R, Thys S, Zulu G, Chembensofu M, Trevisan C, Van Damme I, Phiri IK, Devleesschauwer B, Ketzis J, Dorny P, Willingham AL, Gabriël S. Perceptions and acceptability of piloted Taenia solium control and elimination interventions in two endemic communities in eastern Zambia. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 2:69-81. [PMID: 31231968 PMCID: PMC7496623 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Taenia solium cause significant public health and economic losses worldwide. Despite effective control tools, long-term sustained control/elimination of the parasite has not been demonstrated to date. Success of intervention programs is dependent on their acceptability to local communities. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and questionnaires (QS) were conducted in two study communities in eastern Zambia to assess local perceptions and acceptance of two piloted intervention strategies: one targeting pigs only ('control' study arm), and one integrated human- and pig-based ('elimination') strategy. QS (n = 227) captured data regarding participation in project activities, knowledge and perceptions of T. solium and of the interventional drugs used in the study. FGDs (n = 18) discussed perceived advantages and disadvantages of the interventions and of the project's delivery and value. QS data revealed 67% of respondents participated in at least one educational activity, and 80% correctly identified at least one disease targeted by the education. All elimination study arm respondents (n = 113) had taken the human treatment, and 98% intended to do so next time. Most (70%) indicated willingness to pay for future treatments (median 0.20 USD per dose). Of pig-owning respondents, 11/12 (92%) had allowed their pigs to be treated/vaccinated and all intended to do so again next time. Four pig owners indicated willingness to pay 0.10-0.50 USD per dose of treatment or vaccine. FGD feedback revealed positive perceptions of interventions; people reported improved health in themselves and their pigs, and fewer cysticerci in pork. Latrine use, hand washing, meat inspection and proper cooking of pork had reportedly increased since the program's inception. Preliminary assessment indicates that the piloted intervention methods are generally acceptable to the communities. The reported willingness of many respondents to pay for the medications would contribute to the feasibility of long-term, government-led T. solium intervention programs in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Clare Hobbs
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary MedicineRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineSaint KittsWest Indies
- Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | - Andrew M. Phiri
- School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Moses Mambwe
- Ministry of HealthGovernment of the Republic of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Richard Mambo
- Ministry of HealthGovernment of the Republic of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | | | - Gideon Zulu
- Ministry of HealthGovernment of the Republic of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | | | | | - Inge Van Damme
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | | | | | - Jennifer Ketzis
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary MedicineRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineSaint KittsWest Indies
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Arve Lee Willingham
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary MedicineRoss University School of Veterinary MedicineSaint KittsWest Indies
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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Abstract
Taenia solium neurocysticercosis (NCC) is endemic in most of the world and contributes significantly to the burden of epilepsy and other neurological morbidity. Also present in developed countries because of immigration and travel, NCC is one of few diseases targeted for eradication. This paper reviews all aspects of its life cycle (taeniasis, porcine cysticercosis, human cysticercosis), with a focus on recent advances in its diagnosis, management, and control. Diagnosis of taeniasis is limited by poor availability of immunological or molecular assays. Diagnosis of NCC rests on neuroimaging findings, supported by serological assays. The treatment of NCC should be approached in the context of the particular type of infection (intra- or extraparenchymal; number, location, and stage of lesions) and has evolved toward combined symptomatic and antiparasitic management, with particular attention to modulating inflammation. Research on NCC and particularly the use of recently available genome data and animal models of infection should help to elucidate mechanisms of brain inflammation, damage, and epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector H Garcia
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando E Gonzalez
- Center for Global Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Eichenberger RM, Thomas LF, Gabriël S, Bobić B, Devleesschauwer B, Robertson LJ, Saratsis A, Torgerson PR, Braae UC, Dermauw V, Dorny P. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in East, Southeast and South Asia. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:234. [PMID: 32381027 PMCID: PMC7206752 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia saginata is an important zoonotic parasite, causing taeniosis in humans and cysticercosis in bovines, the latter being a significant concern for the global beef industry. Many countries in East, Southeast and South Asia are experiencing rapid economic growth, and an increasing number of people in these countries are dependent on the livestock industry. Currently, however, an overview of the prevalence of T. saginata in this region is lacking. In this review, we analysed the available literature on T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis for East, Southeast and South Asia. METHODS A systematic review was conducted, based on both published and grey literature. Articles published between 1990 and 2017 were mined for information on the occurrence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in East, Southeast and South Asia. RESULTS The presence of T. saginata was described in 15 of 27 countries of the region, including Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. The only country that reported an absence of T. saginata is Japan, although sporadic reports of imported cases and unconfirmed reports of autochthonous infections were identified. Nationwide surveys of taeniosis with systematic sample collection and high sample numbers were available for Cambodia, China, Lao PDR, and South Korea, although speciation of Taenia was not always performed. Regional prevalence of taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in endemic regions ranged between 0.02-42.6%, and 0.76-46.7%, respectively. However, data for bovine cysticercosis were only available for five countries (Japan, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Pakistan and Vietnam). CONCLUSIONS The data indicate a widespread occurrence of T. saginata throughout East, Southeast and South Asia. Identification of Taenia spp. in human infections was frequently not performed, leading to gaps in knowledge about the distribution of human tapeworm infections, mainly in regions where different human Taenia species co-occur. A high prevalence of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis may reflect insufficiencies in sanitation, limited health education standards, and insufficient food safety measures. Therefore, there is a need to improve local surveillance, notification, and overall control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Branco Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food– and Vector–borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, Greece
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Hendrickx E, Thomas LF, Dorny P, Bobić B, Braae UC, Devleesschauwer B, Eichenberger RM, Gabriël S, Saratsis A, Torgerson PR, Robertson LJ, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in West and Central Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:324. [PMID: 31248445 PMCID: PMC6598244 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic tapeworm Taenia saginata, although causing only minor discomfort in humans, is responsible for considerable economic losses in the livestock sector due to condemnation or downgrading of infected beef carcasses. An overview of current knowledge on the distribution and prevalence of this parasite in West and Central Africa is lacking. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, collecting information on published and grey literature about T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis from 27 countries/territories in West and Central Africa, published between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. RESULTS The literature search retrieved 1672 records, of which 51 and 45 were retained for a qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Non-specified human taeniosis cases were described for Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic Congo, Guinea, and Ivory Coast (seven out of 27 countries/territories), while T. saginata taeniosis specifically was only reported for Cameroon. Most prevalence estimates for taeniosis ranged between 0-11%, while three studies from Nigeria reported prevalence estimates ranging between 23-50%. None of the studies included molecular confirmation of the causative species. The presence of bovine cysticercosis was reported for Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tristan da Cunha (14 out of 27 countries/territories). Prevalence estimates ranged between 0-29%. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review has revealed that human taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis are seriously understudied in West and Central Africa. The high prevalence estimates of both conditions suggest an active dissemination of this parasite in the region, calling for a concerted One Health action from public health, veterinary health and food surveillance sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute for Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Uffe Christian Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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Saratsis A, Sotiraki S, Braae UC, Devleesschauwer B, Dermauw V, Eichenberger RM, Thomas LF, Bobić B, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Robertson LJ. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Middle East and North Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:113. [PMID: 30876439 PMCID: PMC6419812 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic parasite Taenia saginata utilizes bovines as an intermediate host (causing cysticercosis) and humans as the definitive host (causing taeniosis). The public health burden of T. saginata is assumed to be low, but the economic burden is large, due to the resources utilized in the detection and condemnation of infected carcasses and carcass parts. As part of a collaborative effort to synthesize worldwide epidemiological data on this parasite, we present here the results of a systematic review on the distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). METHODS Information on the occurrence and prevalence of T. saginata taeniosis and cysticercosis in the MENA region was obtained through a systematic review of published and grey literature, including OIE reports, published between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. RESULTS A total of 63 publications were retrieved across the 21 MENA countries. Taenia saginata taeniosis was reported in 11 of these countries, whereas unspecified taeniosis was reported for a further seven. Microscopy-based prevalence values ranged between 0.02-8.6%. Bovine cysticercosis prevalence estimates based on meat inspection were only reported for Egypt and Israel, with prevalence data ranging between 0.2-20% and 0.1-9.1% for cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The presence of bovine cysticercosis could be confirmed for 10 additional countries through OIE reports. CONCLUSIONS Human taeniosis occurrence was confirmed for 86% (18/21) of the countries in the MENA region, although in several of these countries the species responsible was not specified. Religious prohibitions on the consumption of pork and the limited extent of pig farming across much of this region, however, suggest that many reported taeniosis cases are likely to be attributable to T. saginata rather than Taenia solium or Taenia asiatica. There was a paucity of data regarding both the prevalence and economic impact of bovine cysticercosis. More detailed epidemiological data on both T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis could be obtained by adopting an integrated "One Health" approach, considering the characteristics (e.g. ecosystem related and sociopolitical aspects) of the MENA region. Compared with more conventional approaches, this could lead to an enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness of surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Ixelles, Brussels Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sentrum, PO Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway
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León-Janampa N, Liendo R, Gilman RH, Padilla C, García HH, Gonzales A, Sheen P, Pajuelo MJ, Zimic M. Characterization of a novel cathepsin L-like protease from Taenia solium metacestodes for the immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:9-16. [PMID: 30878092 PMCID: PMC7010362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine cysticercosis is an endemic parasitic disease caused by infection with Taenia solium that is found predominantly in developing countries. In order to aid in the development of simple diagnostic approaches, identification and characterization of potential new antigens for immunodiagnostic purposes is desired. The cysteine protease family has previously been found to have important immunodiagnostic properties. These proteases are expressed as zymogens which contain a signal peptide, pro-peptide, and an active domain. Subsequent catalytic cleavage of the pro-peptide converts these zymogens into enzymes. With the use of bioinformatic tools we identified an active domain of a novel cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (TsolCL) in the T. solium genome. The TsolCL gene includes 705 nucleotides (nt) within a single intron and a 633 nt exonic sequence encoding an active protein of 211 amino acids. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis suggest that the TsolCL gene is closely related to genes found in Echinoccocus granulosus and E. multiloculars. In addition, TsolCL was found to have a 61.9%-99.0% similarity to other cathepsin L proteins found in other helminths and mammals. We cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized the recombinant active TsolCL (27 kDa) using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. TsolCL showed cysteine protease enzymatic activity with the capacity to hydrolyze the Z-Phe-Arg-AMC substrate as well as bovine serum albumin. However, TsolCL was not able to hydrolyze human immunoglobulin. In addition, TsolCL has cathepsin L conserved amino acid residues in the catalytic site (Gln8, Cys14, His159, Asn179 and Trp181) and the motif GCNGG. Using ELISA, TsolCL was able to distinguish circulating IgG antibodies between healthy animals and naturally infected pigs with cysticercosis, showing a moderate sensitivity of 83.33% (40/48; 95% CI: [69.8%-92.5 %]), and a specificity of 83.78% (31/37; 95% CI: [67.9%-93.8%]). In conclusion, a novel cathepsin L-like cysteine protease from a T. solium metacestode was expressed successfully in Baculovirus system and was evaluated as a candidate antigen to diagnose porcine cysticercosis using the ELISA immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Ruddy Liendo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | | - Hector H García
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru.
| | - Armando Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Mónica J Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Poudel I, Sah K, Subedi S, Kumar Singh D, Kushwaha P, Colston A, Gauci CG, Donadeu M, Lightowlers MW. Implementation of a practical and effective pilot intervention against transmission of Taenia solium by pigs in the Banke district of Nepal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006838. [PMID: 30802248 PMCID: PMC6405169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium is a zoonotic cestode parasite which causes human neurocysticercosis. Pigs transmit the parasite by acting as the intermediate host. An intervention was implemented to control transmission of T. solium by pigs in Dalit communities of Banke District, Nepal. Every 3 months, pigs were vaccinated with the TSOL18 recombinant vaccine (Cysvax, IIL, India)) and, at the same time, given an oral treatment with 30mg/kg oxfendazole (Paranthic 10% MCI, Morocco). The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was determined in both an intervention area as well as a similar no intervention control area, among randomly selected, slaughter-age pigs. Post mortem assessments were undertaken both at the start and at the end of the intervention. Participants conducting the post mortem assessments were blinded as to the source of the animals being assessed. At the start of the intervention the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 23.6% and 34.5% in the control and intervention areas, respectively. Following the intervention, the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs from the control area was 16.7% (no significant change), whereas no infection was detected after complete slicing of all muscle tissue and brain in animals from the intervention area (P = 0.004). These findings are discussed in relation to the feasibility and sustainability of T. solium control. The 3-monthly vaccination and drug treatment intervention in pigs used here is suggested as an effective and practical method for reducing T. solium transmission by pigs. The results suggest that applying the intervention over a period of years may ultimately reduce the number of tapeworm carriers and thereby the incidence of NCC. Neurocysticercosis is a disease caused by a parasitic infection of the brain. The parasite responsible, Taenia solium, is transmitted by pigs where human sanitation is poor and pigs roam freely. Neurocysticercosis is responsible for many cases of epilepsy in people living in poor, developing countries. The feasibility and sustainability of implementing control measures have been major impediments to reducing the incidence of neurocysticercosis. Recently, two new commercial products have become available which together offer the possibility of interrupting the parasite’s transmission by pigs–the TSOL18 vaccine (Cysvax, IIL, India) and an oxfendazole formulation (Paranthic 10%, MCI, Morocco) licensed for use in pigs for the treatment of cysticercosis. Here we describe the impact of implementing vaccination plus drug treatment of pigs in the Banke district of Nepal. The intervention eliminated the risk of transmission of T. solium by the animals vaccinated and treated during the trial. Application of the vaccination and drug treatment program used here, possibly with strategic use of anthelmintics also in the human population, is an effective option for reducing the incidence of neurocysticercosis in Nepal and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishab Poudel
- Heifer International, Kathmandu, Nepal
- * E-mail: (IP); (MWL)
| | | | | | - Dinesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Clinics (HOD), Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Peetambar Kushwaha
- GALVmed, Unit 118 & 120 B, Jasola District Centre, Jasola, New Delhi, India
| | - Angela Colston
- GALVmed, Galana Plaza, Galana Road, Kilimani, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Charles G. Gauci
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
| | - Meritxell Donadeu
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
| | - Marshall W. Lightowlers
- Veterinary Clinical Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (IP); (MWL)
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Moazeni M, Khamesipour F, Anyona DN, Dida GO. Epidemiology of taeniosis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Iran: A systematic review. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:140-154. [PMID: 30575317 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this review was to establish the current epidemiology of taeniosis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis among humans and animals in Iran by carrying out a comprehensive assessment of published articles reporting on these foodborne zoonotic diseases across the country. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used in the search for relevant published articles reporting on cysticercosis, taeniosis and trichinellosis in Iran using a number of appropriate key words. The search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, SCOPUS, WHOLIS, FAO and CDC. Published scientific articles including journals, books and book chapters reporting on cysticercosis, taeniosis and trichinellosis in Iran for the period between 1967 and 2018 were selected. RESULTS A total of 37 articles met the search criteria and were incorporated in this review. Of these, 10 (27%) reported on human taeniosis, 15 (40.5%) on cysticercosis (10 on Taenia saginata and five on Taenia spp. cysticercosis) and 12 (32.5%) on trichinellosis. T. saginata was implicated in all human taeniosis cases. All Taenia spp. cysticercosis cases were reported among domesticated pigs and wild animals. A case of neurocysticercosis was reported in a male patient at Shohada Hospital in Tehran. Eleven (91.7%) of the 12 studies reported on trichinellosis among wild animals, while one (8.3%) study detected anti-Trichinella IgG in 8 (2.2%) of the 364 at-risk human beings tested. Nevertheless, most of these studies were carried out in northern Iran. CONCLUSION This review found T. saginata to be the most prevalent and of greater economic and public health significance in Iran. However, T. solium and Trichinella spp. were of little significance to human health. More studies should focus on other regions besides northern Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moazeni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Faham Khamesipour
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Douglas N Anyona
- School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Gabriel O Dida
- Department of Community and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
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Satyaprakash K, Khan WA, Chaudhari SP, Shinde SV, Kurkure NV, Kolte SW. Pathological and molecular identification of porcine cysticercosis in Maharashtra, India. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:784-790. [PMID: 30367761 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium is an important emerging zoonotic disease with public health and economic significance. Pigs acquire the disease through consumption of Taenia solium eggs excreted by human tapeworm carriers. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Nagpur and Mumbai region of Maharashtra, India by P/M examination of carcasses followed by histopathology of affected organs in infected animals and molecular identification of cysts for confirmation. Out of 1000 pigs examined during slaughter, three pigs were found to be heavily affected with T. solium cysts giving a prevalence of 0.3%. Histological section of brain in infected animals revealed marked vascular congestion of meninges, mild neuronal degeneration, perivascular cuffing and gliosis while the liver showed the infiltration of mononuclear cell, predominantly eosinophils throughout the parenchyma. Some degree of calcification was observed in the cysts lodged in liver while calcification was not evident in case of cysts lodged in brain, tongue, diaphragm and skeletal muscle. Molecular identification by PCR using two sets of oligonucleotide primers against LSU rRNA gene and Mt-Cox1 gene of T. solium confirms the cysts to be that of T. solium. The molecular diagnostics methods have been considered for validation in conjunction with P/M inspections, parasitological and histopathological examinations. The study confirms the presence of porcine cysticercosis in the two regions and demands proper sanitary measures to minimize the risk of infection from zoonoses and food safety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Satyaprakash
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
| | - Waqar A Khan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
| | - Sandeep P Chaudhari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
| | - Shilpshree V Shinde
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
| | - Nitin V Kurkure
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
| | - Sunil W Kolte
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440006, India
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Azimzadeh K, Amniattalab A, Eslampanah M. Plasma Paraoxonase, Sphingosine-1-phosphate, Total Sialic Acid, and Heat Shock Protein-27 in the Liver of the Sheep Naturally Infected with Cysticercus Tenuicollis: Evidence on Pathological Changes. Arch Razi Inst 2018; 73:61-67. [PMID: 30256040 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2018.114062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), paraoxonase (PON), total sialic acid (TSA), and heat shock protein-27 (HSP27) are altered in the sheep during infection of the liver with Cysticercus tenuicollis. This study was conducted on40 healthy sheep and40 sheep with Cysticercus tenuicollis infection. The infected and non-infected animals were selected based on the observation of severe Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in the liver and absence of any hepatic cysts, respectively. All parameters were measured in serum and plasma. The results revealed a significant decrease (P&lt;0.01) in PON, TSA, and albumin (Alb) in the infected group, compared with those in the healthy one. Furthermore, the infected sheep had a significant increase (P&lt;0.01) in S1P, HSP-27, malondialdehyde (MDA), total bilirubin, and unconjugated bilirubin as compared with those in their non-infected counterparts. Moreover, no significant change was observed in total plasma protein level in the infected animals in comparison to that in the healthy ones. The low levels of TSA and Alb revealed liver damage in the infected sheep. Moreover, the PON reduction might have resulted from hepatic steatosis and MDA enhancement. Meanwhile, S1P elevation could be attributed to the activation of platelets. In addition, HSP-27 increase was ascribed to the disease-induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Azimzadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A Amniattalab
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - M Eslampanah
- Department of Pathology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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Singh SP, Singh BB, Kalambhe DG, Pathak D, Aulakh RS, Dhand NK. Prevalence and distribution of Taenia solium cysticercosis in naturally infected pigs in Punjab, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006960. [PMID: 30439944 PMCID: PMC6264866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Taenia solium (T. solium) cysticercosis remains a neglected zoonotic disease in India. The current study was planned to estimate the prevalence of T. solium porcine cysticercosis in the Punjab state of India, to compare this prevalence with the disease prevalence in pigs reared outside Punjab and to assess the distribution of the parasite in pig carcasses. Methods Two slaughter shops were selected in each of the 22 districts of Punjab. Pigs slaughtered on the day/s of inspection were post-mortem inspected to identify the presence of T. solium cysts. Estimated true prevalence was estimated by taking into account the diagnostic sensitivity (38%) and specificity (100%) of post-mortem inspection using the Rogan-Gladen estimator. Positive carcasses were purchased and brought to the laboratory to assess the tissue distribution of T. solium cysts and to conduct PCR targeting large subunit rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer 1 gene, ITS1 gene and Cytochrome oxidase I gene. The selected PCR products were submitted for sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed. Findings We contacted 71 shop owners to achieve a sample of 44 shops for the study. We inspected 642 pigs reared in Punjab and 450 imported from other states at these slaughter shops. In addition, we sampled 40 pigs from an abattoir located in the state capital. Of the 642 pigs reared in Punjab, 9 had T. solium cysts with an apparent prevalence of 1·40% (95% CI: 0·74%, 2·64%) and the estimated true prevalence of 3.69% (95% CI: 1·95%, 6·95%). Pigs imported from outside the state had a significantly higher prevalence (odds ratio: 2·58; 95% CI: 1·12, 5·98; p-value: 0·026) as 15 of the 450 imported pigs were positive (apparent prevalence: 3.33%; 95% CI: 2.03%, 5.43%; estimated true prevalence: 8.77%; 95% CI: 5.34%, 14.28%). None of samples was positive from the pigs sampled at the abattoir in the state capital. The PCR confirmed T. solium cysts from all the 24 positive samples. We counted a median of 897 (range 526–1964) cysts per infected pig from the 19 infected pig carcasses inspected. The phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of partial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences indicated all positive samples to be clustered with the T. solium Asian genotype. The analysis did not indicate the presence of T. asiatica in the slaughter pigs. Conclusions Despite the underestimation of the prevalence due to missing mildly-infected carcasses, low participation and lack of representative sampling, the presence of heavily infected carcasses containing viable cysts, particularly those imported from outside the state, indicates that T. solium cysticercosis is an important food safety concern for pork consumers in Punjab, India. Measures should be taken to reduce the disease prevalence in pigs to reduce the disease burden in the public. Taenia solium cysticercosis is a neglected zoonosis and severely affects pork production and public health in India. The current study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and distribution of T. solium porcine cysticercosis in the Punjab state of India and to compare the disease prevalence in pigs reared within and outside Punjab. Overall, 24 of the 1132 inspected pigs had viable cysts. Imported pigs had significantly higher prevalence than the pigs produced locally. The analysis did not indicate the presence of T. asiatica in the slaughter pigs. The study confirms the endemic nature of T. solium cysticercosis in Punjab state of India and provides suggestions about reducing the disease burden in pigs and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Pal Singh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir Bagicha Singh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Deepali G. Kalambhe
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rabinder Singh Aulakh
- School of Public Health & Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet K. Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
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Laranjo-González M, Devleesschauwer B, Jansen F, Dorny P, Dupuy C, Requena-Méndez A, Allepuz A. Epidemiology and economic impact of bovine cysticercosis and taeniosis caused by Taenia saginata in northeastern Spain (Catalonia). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:376. [PMID: 29954438 PMCID: PMC6027794 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Catalonia (north-eastern Spain), Taenia saginata has been described in cattle but its occurrence in humans is unclear. Moreover, whether cattle acquired the infection in Catalonia or outside Catalonia and its economic impact have not been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Catalonia (2008-2015), and the burden from T. saginata upon the animal and human sectors in Catalonia (2013-2015). METHODS Data on cattle diagnosed with cysticercosis at meat inspection were collected and analysed. Cattle movement history was used to identify the most likely place of bovine cysticercosis infection and to investigate its spatial distribution. Data on taeniosis treatment (niclosamide and praziquantel) costs and their supply in Catalonia as well as data on patients attending primary care with diagnosis of taeniosis were collected. The financial impact associated with T. saginata due to carcasses condemned and frozen, meat inspection and human taeniosis was estimated. RESULTS During 2008-2015, between 18 and 107 cattle were found positive for cysticercosis each year (prevalence at slaughter of 0.010%). Movement history was available for 44% of the infected cattle and in 53% of them Catalonia was identified as the place where the infection was acquired with highest probability. Two significant bovine cysticercosis clusters were detected. The number of patients diagnosed with taeniosis in primary care during the period 2013-2016 was 41-63/year. The overall economic impact of T. saginata (2013-2015) amounted to 154,903 €/year (95% CI: 113,075-196,762). Meat inspection accounted for 81.9% (95% CI: 75.8-86.2%) of the costs, followed by costs due to carcass condemnation and freezing (9.4%; 95% CI: 6.9-12.8%), and taeniosis-associated costs (8.7%; 95% CI: 6.7-11.6%). Costs due to freezing and condemnation of carcasses reached 19,442 €/year (95% CI: 17,528-21,391) (509 €/lightly infected carcass and 1,140 €/heavily infected carcass). Taeniosis-associated costs were estimated at 12,848.5 €/year (237 €/patient). CONCLUSIONS The public health risk of T. saginata in the area seems to be low. The economic impact due to T. saginata was mainly attributed to meat inspection. The cost due to carcass condemnation and freezing was limited compared to the revenue of the beef sector. Developing and implementing risk-based surveillance is needed to lower the costs of meat inspection. Considering cattle movements might be useful in the development of such a strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Famke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 133 Salisburylaan, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 133 Salisburylaan, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Céline Dupuy
- General Directorate for Food, Slaughterhouses and Cutting Plants Board, 69401 Lyon, France
| | - Ana Requena-Méndez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Adwan K, Jayousi A, Abuseir S, Abbasi I, Adwan G, Jarrar N. Genetic diversity of Taenia hydatigena in the northern part of the West Bank, Palestine as determined by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:299-303. [PMID: 29654682 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercus tenuicollis is the metacestode of canine tapeworm Taenia hydatigena, which has been reported in domestic and wild ruminants and is causing veterinary and economic losses in the meat industry. This study was conducted to determine the sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coxl) gene in 20 isolates of T. hydatigena metacestodes (cysticercus tenuicollis) collected from northern West Bank in Palestine. Nine haplotypes were detected, with one prevailing (55%). The total haplotype diversity (0.705) and the total nucleotide diversity (0.0045) displayed low genetic diversity among our isolates. Haplotype analysis showed a star-shaped network with a centrally positioned common haplotype. The Tajima's D, and Fu and Li's statistics in cysticercus tenuicollis population of this region showed a negative value, indicating deviations from neutrality and both suggested recent population expansion for the population. The findings of this study would greatly help to implement control and preventive measures for T. hydatigena larvae infection in Palestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Adwan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Alaa Jayousi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sameh Abuseir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah N. University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ibrahim Abbasi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ghaleb Adwan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Naser Jarrar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Ponce R, León-Janampa N, Gilman RH, Liendo R, Roncal E, Luis S, Quiñones-Garcia S, Silverstein Z, García HH, Gonzales A, Sheen P, Zimic M, Pajuelo MJ. A novel enolase from Taenia solium metacestodes and its evaluation as an immunodiagnostic antigen for porcine cysticercosis. Exp Parasitol 2018; 191:44-54. [PMID: 29885292 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a worldwide parasitic disease of humans and pigs principally caused by infection with the larvae of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Through the use of the recently-made-available T. solium genome, we identified a gene within a novel 1448 bp ORF that theoretically encodes for a 433 amino acid-long protein and predicted to be an α-enolase closely related to enolases of other flatworms. Additional bioinformatic analyses revealed a putative plasminogen-binding region on this protein, suggesting a potential role for this protein in pathogenesis. On this basis, we isolated the mRNA encoding for this presumptive enolase from T. solium metacestodes and reverse-transcribed it into cDNA before subsequently cloning and expressing it in both E. coli (rEnoTs) and insect cells (rEnoTsBac), in a 6xHis tagged manner. The molecular weights of these two recombinant proteins were ∼48 and ∼50 kDa, respectively, with the differences likely attributable to differential glycosylation. We used spectrophotometric assays to confirm the enolase nature of rEnoTs as well as to measure its enzymatic activity. The resulting estimates of specific activity (60.000 U/mg) and Km (0.091 mM) are quite similar to the catalytic characteristics of enolases of other flatworms. rEnoTs also exhibited high immunogenicity, eliciting a strong polyclonal antibody response in immunized rabbits. We subsequently employed rEnoTsBac for use in an ELISA aimed at discriminating between healthy pigs and those infected with T. solium. This diagnostic assay exhibited a sensitivity of 88.4% (95% CI, 74.92%-96.11%) and a specificity of 83.7% (95% CI: 69.29%-93.19%). In conclusión, this study reports on and enzymatically characterizes a novel enolase from T. solium metacestode, and shows a potential use as an immunodiagnostic for porcine cysticercosis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Helminth/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Helminth/chemistry
- Antigens, Helminth/genetics
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- Computational Biology
- Confidence Intervals
- Cysticercosis/diagnosis
- Cysticercosis/veterinary
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Female
- Genetic Vectors
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/chemistry
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/genetics
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/immunology
- Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- ROC Curve
- Rabbits
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sequence Alignment
- Sf9 Cells
- Spectrophotometry/veterinary
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/diagnosis
- Swine Diseases/parasitology
- Taenia solium/classification
- Taenia solium/enzymology
- Taenia solium/genetics
- Taenia solium/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Ponce
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nancy León-Janampa
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruddy Liendo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Elisa Roncal
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sueline Luis
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefany Quiñones-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Zach Silverstein
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hector H García
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Armando Gonzales
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Patricia Sheen
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mirko Zimic
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mónica J Pajuelo
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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Guimarães-Peixoto RPM, Pinto PSA, Santos MR, Zilch TJ, Apolinário PF, Silva-Júnior A. Development of the multi-epitope chimeric antigen rqTSA-25 from Taenia saginata for serological diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006371. [PMID: 29649259 PMCID: PMC6078323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine cysticercosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis caused by the larval form of Taenia saginata present in bovine muscles. The diagnosis is based on the postmortem inspection at slaughterhouses and consists of the macroscopic visualization of lesions caused by cysticercosis in muscle sites. However, parasitized animals can pass unnoticed during sanitary inspection. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate the performance of different peptides from different regions of T. saginata for the cysticercosis diagnosis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We generated and evaluated a new recombinant protein chimera derived from the fusion of different peptides. We selected three distinct regions of T. saginata and predicted six peptides with antigenic potential (EP2–EP7). These peptides were analyzed individually and selected for generating a new chimeric recombinant protein. The new protein was termed rqTSA-25, and its performance rates were: 93.3% sensitivity (confidence interval (CI) = 76–98%), 95.3% specificity (CI = 82–99%), 93% positive predictive value (CI = 76–98%), 95% negative predictive value (CI = 82–99%), and 95% accuracy. In the immunoblot, this protein showed no false positive or false negative reaction. Thus, the use of rqTSA-25 is recommended for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. Taenia saginata cysticercosis occurs worldwide. The prevalence related is higher mainly in developing countries, causing damage to public health and economic losses. Through our study, a new antigen with high diagnostic potential was developed for use in laboratory serological tests, aiming at the detection of bovine cysticercosis. In this way, it was possible to contribute significantly to the improvement of the diagnosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella P. M. Guimarães-Peixoto
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Paulo S. A. Pinto
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus R. Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago J. Zilch
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Apolinário
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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48
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Bobes RJ, Navarrete-Perea J, Ochoa-Leyva A, Anaya VH, Hernández M, Cervantes-Torres J, Estrada K, Sánchez-Lopez F, Soberón X, Rosas G, Nunes CM, García-Varela M, Sotelo-Mundo RR, López-Zavala AA, Gevorkian G, Acero G, Laclette JP, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Experimental and Theoretical Approaches To Investigate the Immunogenicity of Taenia solium-Derived KE7 Antigen. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00395-17. [PMID: 28923896 PMCID: PMC5695116 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00395-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium cysticercosis, a parasitic disease that affects human health in various regions of the world, is preventable by vaccination. Both the 97-amino-acid-long KETc7 peptide and its carboxyl-terminal, 18-amino-acid-long sequence (GK-1) are found in Taenia crassiceps Both peptides have proven protective capacity against cysticercosis and are part of the highly conserved, cestode-native, 264-amino-acid long protein KE7. KE7 belongs to a ubiquitously distributed family of proteins associated with membrane processes and may participate in several vital cell pathways. The aim of this study was to identify the T. solium KE7 (TsKE7) full-length protein and to determine its immunogenic properties. Recombinant TsKE7 (rTsKE7) was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta2 cells and used to obtain mouse polyclonal antibodies. Anti-rTsKE7 antibodies detected the expected native protein among the 350 spots developed from T. solium cyst vesicular fluid in a mass spectrometry-coupled immune proteomic analysis. These antibodies were then used to screen a phage-displayed 7-random-peptide library to map B-cell epitopes. The recognized phages displayed 9 peptides, with the consensus motif Y(F/Y)PS sequence, which includes YYYPS (named GK-1M, for being a GK-1 mimotope), exactly matching a part of GK-1. GK-1M was recognized by 58% of serum samples from cysticercotic pigs with 100% specificity but induced weak protection against murine cysticercosis. In silico analysis revealed a universal T-cell epitope(s) in native TsKE7 potentially capable of stimulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and helper T lymphocytes under different major histocompatibility complex class I and class II mouse haplotypes. Altogether, these results provide a rationale for the efficacy of the KETc7, rTsKE7, and GK-1 peptides as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl J Bobes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - José Navarrete-Perea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Víctor Hugo Anaya
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | - Karel Estrada
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Filiberto Sánchez-Lopez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, México City, México
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Cáris Maroni Nunes
- UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Department of Animal Health and Production, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Rogerio Rafael Sotelo-Mundo
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Alonso Alexis López-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Estructura Biomolecular, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Hermosillo, Sonora, México
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Goar Gevorkian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Gonzalo Acero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
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Chilundo AG, Johansen MV, Pondja A, Miambo R, Afonso S, Mukaratirwa S. Piloting the effectiveness of pig health education in combination with oxfendazole treatment on prevention and/or control of porcine cysticercosis, gastrointestinal parasites, African swine fever and ectoparasites in Angónia District, Mozambique. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:589-601. [PMID: 29139069 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A community-based intervention combining health education (HE) and treatment of pigs for control of porcine cysticercosis (PC), gastrointestinal (GI) helminths, African swine fever (ASF) and external parasites was tested involving six villages of resource-poor smallholder pig farmers. Farmers and pigs of six rural villages were randomly allocated into group 1 (HE), which served as controls, and group 2 (HE + OFZ) pigs received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg OFZ. Farmers were trained in pig health, housing and feeding. The proportion of farmers with confined pigs, the adoption rate of the introduced pig pen, the sero-prevalence of PC and ASF, the prevalence and intensity of GI nematodes and the prevalence of ectoparasites were measured at 9, 15 and 24 months after initiation and compared to a baseline survey to seek the effectiveness of the interventions. There was no clear effect of the intervention on the sero-prevalence of PC, but analysis of the rate of change in prevalence between the two groups showed significant effect with the rate of change to lower prevalence in the HE + OFZ group compared to the HE group. Although HE managed to improve the farmer's knowledge in the control and prevention of ASF and ectoparasites, there was no significant reduction in the sero-prevalence of ASF and the prevalence of ectoparasites throughout the two-year period. The reported ineffectiveness of the intervention in this study suggested that more research is needed to develop more effective methods for controlling PC, ASF and pig parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Chilundo
- Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique.
- School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.
| | - M V Johansen
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - A Pondja
- Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - R Miambo
- Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - S Afonso
- Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - S Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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