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Lijeskić O, Bauman N, Marković M, Srbljanović J, Bobić B, Zlatković Đ, Štajner T. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody response after an mRNA vaccine as the third dose: Homologous versus heterologous boost. Vaccine 2024; 42:1665-1672. [PMID: 38342717 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate immunogenicity and longevity of the humoral immune response within six months after the homologous (BNT162b2/BNT162b2) or heterologous (BBIBP-CorV/BNT162b2) third dose, and to assess breakthrough infections among vaccinees during the Omicron wave in Serbia. Serum samples were analyzed at four timepoints: five months after the primary series; three weeks, three months, and six months after the boost. IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were detected using enzyme-linked fluorescence assay. Both homologous (n = 55) and heterologous group (n = 36) showed a highly significant increase in antibody concentrations (p < 0.001) three weeks after the boost. A moderate inverse correlation between the age of recipients and the antibody levels at three weeks post-boost was observed in the homologous group (p = 0.02, r = -0.37), while the same correlation was not significant for heterologous group (p = 0.55, r = -0.15). Heterologous group had significantly higher antibody concentrations than homologous group at three weeks (Median 851.4(IQR 766.6-894.1); 784.3(676.9-847.4); p = 0.03) and three months post-boost (766.6(534.8-798.9); 496.8(361.6-664.0); p < 0.001). However, a significant decline in antibody response over time was noted for both strategies. The overall incidence of breakthrough cases was estimated at 36.36% (20/55) for homologous, and 16.67% (6/36) for heterologous group, but none of them required hospitalization. Although observed incidence in the homologous group was more than double when compared to the heterologous group, this difference was not statistically significant, most likely due to the small sample size. In conclusion, waning immunity after inactivated vaccine can be recovered by BNT162b2 heterologous boost regardless of the age of recipients, and both boost strategies induced potent humoral immune response and protection against severe COVID-19 during the Omicron wave. However, as the observed incidence of breakthrough infections was higher in the homologous group, although non-significant, this finding could indicate an advantage of heterologous approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Lijeskić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Bauman
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Marković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đorđe Zlatković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Marković-Denić L, Stopić M, Bobić B, Nikolić V, Djilas I, Srzentić SJ, Štajner T. Factors Associated with Toxoplasma gondii Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgrade, Serbia. Pathogens 2023; 12:1240. [PMID: 37887756 PMCID: PMC10610184 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, caused by the cosmopolitan protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, has particular implications during pregnancy due to the possible transmission of infection to the fetus. Very few studies have assessed seroprevalence and the risk factors for toxoplasmosis in healthy pregnant women. The aim of this study was to examine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in healthy pregnant women and to identify the associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The cross-sectional study involved 300 healthy pregnant women who came to the Institute for Blood Transfusion in Belgrade between November 2018 and February 2019 for routine blood group and Rh factor testing before delivery, who were also tested using serological screening for the presence of specific antibodies. Positives were further examined using enzyme immunoassay. Of the total sera of participants analyzed, 38 were positive for specific IgG, resulting in a seroprevalence rate of 12.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.1-17.0%). All pregnant women presented negative anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in a house with a garden was independently associated with the risk of T. gondii infections, while eating chicken meat was connected with a lower risk compared to eating other types of meat with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 (95% CI 1.21-5.02) and an OR of 0.3 (95% CI 0.09-0.83), respectively. Although the prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies is relatively low, it is essential to maintain and adapt evidence-based preventive measures for toxoplasmosis continually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Marković-Denić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stopić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (B.B.); (T.Š.)
| | - Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (B.B.); (T.Š.)
| | - Vladimir Nikolić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Iva Djilas
- Blood Transfusion Institute of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.D.); (S.J.S.)
| | | | - Tijana Štajner
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Group for Microbiology and Parasitology, Center of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.S.); (B.B.); (T.Š.)
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Stelzle D, Abraham A, Kaminski M, Schmidt V, De Meijere R, Bustos JA, Garcia HH, Sahu PS, Bobić B, Cretu C, Chiodini P, Dermauw V, Devleesschauwer B, Dorny P, Fonseca A, Gabriël S, Morales MÁG, Laranjo-González M, Hoerauf A, Hunter E, Jambou R, Jurhar-Pavlova M, Reiter-Owona I, Sotiraki S, Trevisan C, Vilhena M, Walker NF, Zammarchi L, Winkler AS. Clinical characteristics and management of neurocysticercosis patients: a retrospective assessment of case reports from Europe. J Travel Med 2023; 30:6759132. [PMID: 36222148 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. NCC mainly occurs in Africa, Latin America and South-East Asia and can cause a variety of clinical signs/symptoms. Although it is a rare disease in Europe, it should nonetheless be considered as a differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and management of patients with NCC diagnosed and treated in Europe. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of published and unpublished data on patients diagnosed with NCC in Europe (2000-2019) and extracted demographic, clinical and radiological information on each case, if available. RESULTS Out of 293 identified NCC cases, 59% of patients presented initially with epileptic seizures (21% focal onset); 52% presented with headache and 54% had other neurological signs/symptoms. The majority of patients had a travel or migration history (76%), mostly from/to Latin America (38%), Africa (32%) or Asia (30%). Treatment varied largely depending on cyst location and number. The outcome was favorable in 90% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Management of NCC in Europe varied considerably but often had a good outcome. Travel and migration to and from areas endemic for T. solium will likely result in continued low prevalence of NCC in Europe. Therefore, training and guidance of clinicians is recommended for optimal patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Stelzle
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Abraham
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medical Center, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert De Meijere
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier A Bustos
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Hector Hugo Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carmen Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Diagnostic Parasitology Laboratory, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Public Health Department, NOVA Medical School, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Maria Ángeles Gómez Morales
- Department of Infectious Diseases, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ewan Hunter
- Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, The Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ronan Jambou
- Global Health Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maja Jurhar-Pavlova
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical faculty, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Ingrid Reiter-Owona
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation DIMITRA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Betić N, Karabasil N, Djurković-Djaković O, Ćirković V, Bobić B, Branković Lazić I, Djordjević V, Klun I. Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051069. [PMID: 35630511 PMCID: PMC9146795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of Toxoplasma gondii contaminated pork is a major risk factor for human infection. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of slaughter pigs from throughout Serbia and examined the influence of farm biosecurity-related risk factors on infection. In addition, direct detection of the parasite (by mouse bioassay) or its DNA was performed in the hearts of a subset of seropositive sows. The overall seroprevalence in the sample of 825 pigs as determined by the modified agglutination test (MAT) was 16.5%. Older age and inadequate rodent control were independent infection risk factors for pigs. In a subset of 581 pigs with complete biosecurity-related data, in addition to older age, smallholders’ finishing type farms (as opposed to farrow-to-finish), multispecies farming, and origin from Western and Central and South-Eastern Serbia (vs. the Northern region), all increased the risk of infection, while the absence of disinfection boot-dips in front of each barn and Belgrade district origin (vs. the Northern region) were associated with a 62% and 75% lower risk of infection, respectively. Evidence of viable parasites was obtained in 13 (41.9%) of the 31 bioassayed sow hearts, of which by isolation of brain cysts in seven, by detection of T. gondii DNA in an additional four, and by serology in another two. Recovery of brain cysts mostly (5/7) from sows with a MAT titre of ≥1:100 indicates the risk for consumers. These results highlight the public health risk from pork consumption and point to mandatory use of professional rodent control services, abstaining from multispecies farming, keeping disinfection boot-dips clean and freshly refilled, as well as strict implementation of zoo-hygienic measures on smallholders’ farms as specific farm biosecurity measures needed for its reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Betić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.B.); (I.B.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Nedjeljko Karabasil
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.D.-D.); (V.Ć.); (B.B.)
| | - Vladimir Ćirković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.D.-D.); (V.Ć.); (B.B.)
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.D.-D.); (V.Ć.); (B.B.)
| | - Ivana Branković Lazić
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.B.); (I.B.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Vesna Djordjević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.B.); (I.B.L.); (V.D.)
| | - Ivana Klun
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (O.D.-D.); (V.Ć.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2685-788
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Uzelac A, Klun I, Ćirković V, Bauman N, Bobić B, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Lijeskić O, Djurković-Djaković O. Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia-Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122526. [PMID: 34946128 PMCID: PMC8708754 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, Toxoplasma gondii lineage II is dominant, and ToxoDB#1 the most frequently occurring genotype. The abundance of lineage III genotypes varies geographically and lineage I are rare, yet present in several regions of the continent. Data on the T. gondii population structure in southeastern Europe (SEE) are scarce, yet necessary to appreciate the diversity of the species in Europe. To help fill this gap, we genotyped 67 strains from nine species of intermediate hosts in Serbia by MnPCR-RFLP, determined the population structure, and identified the genotypes using ToxoDB. A neighbor-joining tree was also constructed from the isolates genotyped on nine loci. While 42% of the total genotype population consisted of ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2, variant genotypes of both lineages comprised 46% of the population in wildlife and 28% in domestic animals and humans. One genotype of Africa 4 lineage was detected in a human sample. Interestingly, the findings include one lineage III variant and one II/III recombinant isolate with intercontinental distribution, which appear to be moderately related to South American genotypes. Based on these findings, SEE is a region of underappreciated T. gondii genetic diversity and possible strain exchange between Europe and Africa.
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Lijeskić O, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Radosavljević A, Bobić B, Klun I, Stanojević-Paović A, Djurković-Djaković O. Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:1515-1522. [PMID: 34780375 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. It can be prenatal or postnatal in origin. Despite estimations that postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is more prevalent, only several cases of proven postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported in non-epidemic settings. Here, the clinical evolution of ocular toxoplasmosis of conclusively proven postnatal origin in immunocompetent patients is reported. METHODOLOGY Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis supported by the longitudinal detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum as well as by direct detection of the parasite (bioassay) and/or its DNA (real-time PCR) in aqueous humor. RESULTS Three cases involved adults in whom ocular toxoplasmosis developed during primary T. gondii infection, as part of the clinical presentation in two and as the sole manifestation in one patient. The fourth patient was a case of inactive ocular toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old boy, where postnatal infection was confirmed by exclusion of maternal infection. The causative parasite strain was genotyped in only one case and it belonged to genotype II, the dominant type in Europe. One patient acquired the infection in Africa, suggesting an atypical strain. CONCLUSIONS The distinction between prenatal and postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is only possible in particular clinical situations, and requires extensive laboratory investigation. Genotyping of the parasite strain involved may be important, particularly if atypical strains are suspected, requiring tailored treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivera Lijeskić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Klun
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Srbljanović J, Bobić B, Štajner T, Uzelac A, Opsenica I, Terzić-Jovanović N, Bauman N, Šolaja BA, Djurković-Djaković O. Aminoquinolines afford resistance to cerebral malaria in susceptible mice. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:20-25. [PMID: 32810640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malaria treatment is impeded by increasing resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs. Here we explored the activity of ten novel benzothiophene, thiophene and benzene aminoquinolines. METHODS In vitro testing was performed by the lactate dehydrogenase assay in chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and CQ-resistant (CQR) P. falciparum strain Dd2. In vivo activity was evaluated by a modified Thompson test using C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. RESULTS Nine of the ten compounds had a lower 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) than CQ against the CQR strain Dd2. Five of these compounds that were available for in vivo evaluation were shown to be non-toxic. All five compounds administered at a dose of 160mg/kg/day for 3 days prolonged the survival of treated compared with untreated mice. Untreated control mice died by Day 7 with a mean parasitaemia of 15%. Among treated mice, a dichotomous outcome was observed, with a two-third majority of treated mice dying by Day 17 with a low mean parasitaemia of 5%, whilst one-third survived longer with a mean hyperparasitaemia of 70%; specifically, five of these mice survived a mean of 25 days, whilst two even survived past Day 31. CONCLUSIONS The significant antimalarial potential of this aminoquinoline series is illustrated by its excellent in vitro activity against the CQRP. falciparum strain and significant in vivo activity. Interestingly, compounds ClAQ7, ClAQ9 and ClAQ11 were able to confer resistance to cerebral malaria and afford a switch to hyperparasitaemia to mice prone to the neurological syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Srbljanović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uzelac
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Opsenica
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Neda Bauman
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abraham A, Schmidt V, Kaminski M, Stelzle D, De Meijere R, Bustos J, Sahu PS, Garcia HH, Bobić B, Cretu C, Chiodini P, Deksne G, Dermauw V, Devleesschauwer B, Dorny P, Fonseca A, Gabriël S, Gómez-Morales MA, Kucsera I, Laranjo-González M, Trevisan C, Vilhena M, Walker NF, Zammarchi L, Winkler AS. Epidemiology and surveillance of human (neuro)cysticercosis in Europe: is enhanced surveillance required? Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:566-578. [PMID: 32083787 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report on relevant national surveillance systems of (N)CC and taeniasis (the infection with the adult tapeworm) in the European Union/European Economic Area and to assess the magnitude of (N)CC occurrence by retrieving information on cases for the period 2000-2016. METHODS (N)CC cases were retrieved via national reporting systems, a systematic literature search, contact with clinicians and a search for relevant 'International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems' (ICD)-based data. RESULTS Mandatory notification systems for (N)CC were found in Hungary, Iceland and Poland. Ten cases were reported in Poland and none in Hungary and Iceland. Through the systematic literature review and information given by clinicians, 263 individual and 721 aggregated (N)CC cases from 19 European countries were identified. ICD-based data were obtained from five countries. From 2000 to 2016, a total of 3489 cases (N)CC cases were coded: 832 in Italy, eight in Latvia, 357 in Portugal, 2116 in Spain and 176 in Sweden. CONCLUSION Despite being classified as a possible eradicable disease, (N)CC is still diagnosed across Europe, yet its true extent and impact remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Abraham
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miriam Kaminski
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Stelzle
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert De Meijere
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Javier Bustos
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Hector Hugo Garcia
- Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, Lima, Peru
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Carmen Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Public Health Department, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuela Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Naomi F Walker
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College Hospital, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Bobić B, Villena I, Stillwaggon E. Prevention and mitigation of congenital toxoplasmosis. Economic costs and benefits in diverse settings. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 16:e00058. [PMID: 32095628 PMCID: PMC7034037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT), the result of a primary infection of pregnant women with Toxoplasma gondii which was transmitted to the fetus, may result in mild to deep injuries occurring in the newborn or later in its development or in adolescence. The visual and cognitive impairment that can result imposes substantial economic costs on the individual and society. Numerous observational studies favor the conclusion that, with preventive measures currently available, it is possible to reduce the incidence of infections in pregnant women, the incidence of fetal infection by preventing transplacental transmission, and the gravity of injury in infected newborns. Treatment of infected newborns can also reduce the severity of consequences and the frequency of their occurrence later in life. Prevention programs, however, are applied in only a few countries; in most countries implementation of a national prevention program has not been considered or has been thought to be too expensive. This article lists the methods of prevention of CT and describes existing national prevention programs in France and Austria. It analyzes the economic costs and benefits of maternal screening for CT prevention and mitigation for society and for health systems. The economic feasibility of implementing national screening in low-prevalence, high-cost countries is illustrated with the example of the United States. New diagnostic tools are discussed and the implication of lower costs is considered, for countries with well-established screening programs as well as those with inadequate prenatal care networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Serbia
| | - Isabelle Villena
- EA 7510, UFR Médecine, University Reims Champagne-Ardenne, National Reference Center on Toxoplasmosis, Hospital Reims, France
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10
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Stopić M, Bobić B, Dakić Z, Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Konstantinović N, Srećković K, Klun I, Korać M, Djurković-Djaković O. Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 86:135-141. [PMID: 31330322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As is the case for all of Southeast Europe, Serbia is an area traditionally endemic for Taenia saginata and Taenia solium infections. This study was performed to analyse the epidemiological data on taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia for the period 1990-2018. METHODS Data on cases of T. saginata and T. solium infection were collected via a systematic search of published articles, the grey literature, and official reports, as well as by performing clinical observational studies of patients treated in the departments for infectious diseases of hospitals and university clinics in Serbia. RESULTS A total of 212 cases of taeniosis were reported, all between 1997 and 2004 when taeniosis was notifiable (incidence range 0.04-0.9/100 000 population/year). From 1990 to 2018, 170 cases of cysticercosis (all but one of neurocysticercosis), were registered (incidence range 0-0.29/100 000 population/year), with a strong decrease since 2000 and a single case in the last 9 years. The annual number of cases of both taeniosis (Pearson's r = 0.914, p = 0.001) and cysticercosis (Pearson's r = 0.582, p = 0.014) correlated with the consumer price index. CONCLUSIONS In Serbia, T. saginata and T. solium infections are autochthonous but occur only sporadically. However, the potential for re-emergence exists, depending on the socio-economic state of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Stopić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Dakić
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Srbljanović
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Konstantinović
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Srećković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Klun
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Korać
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases "Prof. Dr. Kosta Todorović", Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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11
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Hendrickx E, Thomas LF, Dorny P, Bobić B, Braae UC, Devleesschauwer B, Eichenberger RM, Gabriël S, Saratsis A, Torgerson PR, Robertson LJ, Dermauw V. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in West and Central Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:324. [PMID: 31248445 PMCID: PMC6598244 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic tapeworm Taenia saginata, although causing only minor discomfort in humans, is responsible for considerable economic losses in the livestock sector due to condemnation or downgrading of infected beef carcasses. An overview of current knowledge on the distribution and prevalence of this parasite in West and Central Africa is lacking. METHODS We conducted a systematic review, collecting information on published and grey literature about T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis from 27 countries/territories in West and Central Africa, published between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. RESULTS The literature search retrieved 1672 records, of which 51 and 45 were retained for a qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. Non-specified human taeniosis cases were described for Nigeria, Cameroon, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic Congo, Guinea, and Ivory Coast (seven out of 27 countries/territories), while T. saginata taeniosis specifically was only reported for Cameroon. Most prevalence estimates for taeniosis ranged between 0-11%, while three studies from Nigeria reported prevalence estimates ranging between 23-50%. None of the studies included molecular confirmation of the causative species. The presence of bovine cysticercosis was reported for Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic Congo, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Tristan da Cunha (14 out of 27 countries/territories). Prevalence estimates ranged between 0-29%. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review has revealed that human taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis are seriously understudied in West and Central Africa. The high prevalence estimates of both conditions suggest an active dissemination of this parasite in the region, calling for a concerted One Health action from public health, veterinary health and food surveillance sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute for Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
| | - Uffe Christian Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Paul R. Torgerson
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Saratsis A, Sotiraki S, Braae UC, Devleesschauwer B, Dermauw V, Eichenberger RM, Thomas LF, Bobić B, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Robertson LJ. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Middle East and North Africa. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:113. [PMID: 30876439 PMCID: PMC6419812 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonotic parasite Taenia saginata utilizes bovines as an intermediate host (causing cysticercosis) and humans as the definitive host (causing taeniosis). The public health burden of T. saginata is assumed to be low, but the economic burden is large, due to the resources utilized in the detection and condemnation of infected carcasses and carcass parts. As part of a collaborative effort to synthesize worldwide epidemiological data on this parasite, we present here the results of a systematic review on the distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). METHODS Information on the occurrence and prevalence of T. saginata taeniosis and cysticercosis in the MENA region was obtained through a systematic review of published and grey literature, including OIE reports, published between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. RESULTS A total of 63 publications were retrieved across the 21 MENA countries. Taenia saginata taeniosis was reported in 11 of these countries, whereas unspecified taeniosis was reported for a further seven. Microscopy-based prevalence values ranged between 0.02-8.6%. Bovine cysticercosis prevalence estimates based on meat inspection were only reported for Egypt and Israel, with prevalence data ranging between 0.2-20% and 0.1-9.1% for cattle and buffaloes, respectively. The presence of bovine cysticercosis could be confirmed for 10 additional countries through OIE reports. CONCLUSIONS Human taeniosis occurrence was confirmed for 86% (18/21) of the countries in the MENA region, although in several of these countries the species responsible was not specified. Religious prohibitions on the consumption of pork and the limited extent of pig farming across much of this region, however, suggest that many reported taeniosis cases are likely to be attributable to T. saginata rather than Taenia solium or Taenia asiatica. There was a paucity of data regarding both the prevalence and economic impact of bovine cysticercosis. More detailed epidemiological data on both T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis could be obtained by adopting an integrated "One Health" approach, considering the characteristics (e.g. ecosystem related and sociopolitical aspects) of the MENA region. Compared with more conventional approaches, this could lead to an enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness of surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Greece
| | - Uffe C. Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Ixelles, Brussels Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ramon M. Eichenberger
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF UK
- International Livestock Research Institute, PO Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Sentrum, PO Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Trevisan C, Sotiraki S, Laranjo-González M, Dermauw V, Wang Z, Kärssin A, Cvetkovikj A, Winkler AS, Abraham A, Bobić B, Lassen B, Cretu CM, Vasile C, Arvanitis D, Deksne G, Boro I, Kucsera I, Karamon J, Stefanovska J, Koudela B, Pavlova MJ, Varady M, Pavlak M, Šarkūnas M, Kaminski M, Djurković-Djaković O, Jokelainen P, Jan DS, Schmidt V, Dakić Z, Gabrië S, Dorny P, Omeragić J, Alagić D, Devleesschauwer B. Correction to: Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:84. [PMID: 30777134 PMCID: PMC6380047 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ziqi Wang
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Age Kärssin
- Veterinary and Food laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5-7, 1000, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Abraham
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brian Lassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carmen Michaela Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cozma Vasile
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dimitris Arvanitis
- Department of Microbiology, 424 Military General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Health and Environment, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilievski Boro
- Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - István Kucsera
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5-7, 1000, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Břetislav Koudela
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic.,Central European Institute of Technology, University Trevisan et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:569 Page 10 of 11 of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Jurhar Pavlova
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical faculty, University "Ss. Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Marian Varady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marina Pavlak
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Bacteria, Laboratory of Parasitology, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dagny Stojčević Jan
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zorica Dakić
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitological Laboratory, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah Gabrië
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jasmin Omeragić
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Davor Alagić
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Sarajevo, 71 000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Plutzer J, Lassen B, Jokelainen P, Djurković-Djaković O, Kucsera I, Dorbek-Kolin E, Šoba B, Sréter T, Imre K, Omeragić J, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Živičnjak T, Lučinger S, Stefanović LL, Kučinar J, Sroka J, Deksne G, Keidāne D, Kváč M, Hůzová Z, Karanis P. Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 29382412 PMCID: PMC5801338 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.4.16-00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results: Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Plutzer
- Department of Water Hygiene, National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brian Lassen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - István Kucsera
- Department of Parasitology, National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elisabeth Dorbek-Kolin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences and Population Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Barbara Šoba
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamás Sréter
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael I of Romania' from Timişoara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Jasmin Omeragić
- University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases of Animals, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Živičnjak
- Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Lučinger
- Department for Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasmina Kučinar
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Institute of Istrian Region, Pula, Croatia
| | - Jacek Sroka
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment - 'BIOR', Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Keidāne
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Agriculture, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Martin Kváč
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hůzová
- Health Institute in Ústí nad Labem, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Medical School, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Centre for Biomedicine and Infectious Diseases Qinghai University, Xining, China
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15
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Bobić B, Thomas LF, Djaković OD, Devleesschauwer B, Dermauw V, Dorny P, Braae UC, Robertson L, Saratsis A, Eichenberger R, Torgerson PR. Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/cysticercosis in the Russian Federation. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:636. [PMID: 30547816 PMCID: PMC6293649 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Russia is traditionally an endemic area for Taenia saginata infection, where a programme for the prevention of infection has been implemented for sixty years. This paper aims, therefore, to review the recent epidemiology data of Taenia saginata infection in the Russian Federation. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of published and grey literature, and official data for information on the incidence, prevalence and distribution of Taenia saginata taeniosis and cysticercosis in the Russian Federation between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2017. RESULTS From the 404 records returned by our search strategy, we identified 17 official county reports, 17 papers and one meeting abstract on the occurrence of taeniosis or cysticercosis from the Russian Federation, eligible for inclusion in this study. In the Russian Federation, Taenia saginata infection has been continuously present and notifiable in the study period between 1991-2016. In the same area, a continuous decrease in the incidence of human taeniosis cases was observed, from 1.4 to 0.04 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, as well as a reduction in the territory where the infection is reported. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis, ranging between 0.1-19.0%, generally has a declining trend, especially after 2005. CONCLUSIONS Importance of Taenia saginata infection as a medical and veterinary problem has been decreasing in the 21st century but it is still an infection with health and economic impact in the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Lian F Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Olgica Djurković Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Uffe Christian Braae
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lucy Robertson
- Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Ramon Eichenberger
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, QLD, Cairns, Australia.,Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Trevisan C, Sotiraki S, Laranjo-González M, Dermauw V, Wang Z, Kärssin A, Cvetkovikj A, Winkler AS, Abraham A, Bobić B, Lassen B, Cretu CM, Vasile C, Arvanitis D, Deksne G, Boro I, Kucsera I, Karamon J, Stefanovska J, Koudela B, Pavlova MJ, Varady M, Pavlak M, Šarkūnas M, Kaminski M, Djurković-Djaković O, Jokelainen P, Jan DS, Schmidt V, Dakić Z, Gabriël S, Dorny P, Devleesschauwer B. Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:569. [PMID: 30376899 PMCID: PMC6208121 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taenia solium and Taenia saginata are food-borne parasites of global importance. In eastern Europe only fragmented information is available on the epidemiology of these zoonotic parasites in humans and animal populations. In particular for T. solium, on-going transmission is suspected. The aim of this systematic review was to collect the available data and describe the current knowledge on the epidemiology of T. solium and T. saginata in eastern Europe. METHODS Literature published in international databases from 1990 to 2017 was systematically reviewed. Furthermore, local sources and unpublished data from national databases were retrieved from local eastern European experts. The study area included 22 countries. RESULTS Researchers from 18 out of the 22 countries provided data from local and unpublished sources, while no contacts could be established with researchers from Belarus, Kosovo, Malta and Ukraine. Taeniosis and human cysticercosis cases were reported in 14 and 15 out of the 22 countries, respectively. Estonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia reported cases of porcine cysticercosis. Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine reported bovine cysticercosis. CONCLUSIONS There is indication that taeniosis and cysticercosis are present across eastern Europe but information on the occurrence of T. solium and T. saginata across the region remains incomplete. Available data are scarce and species identification is in most cases absent. Given the public health impact of T. solium and the potential economic and trade implications due to T. saginata, notification of taeniosis and human cysticercosis should be implemented and surveillance and notification systems in animals should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minerva Laranjo-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Veronique Dermauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ziqi Wang
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Age Kärssin
- Veterinary and Food laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksandar Cvetkovikj
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5–7, 1000 Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Annette Abraham
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Branko Bobić
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brian Lassen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej, 100 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carmen Michaela Cretu
- Department of Parasitology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cozma Vasile
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dimitris Arvanitis
- Department of Microbiology, 424 Military General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Health and Environment, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ilievski Boro
- Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - István Kucsera
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute for Public Health, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute in Pulawy, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jovana Stefanovska
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Lazar Pop Trajkov 5–7, 1000 Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Břetislav Koudela
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maja Jurhar Pavlova
- Institute for Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical faculty, University “Ss. Cyril and Methodius”, Skopje, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
| | - Marian Varady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marina Pavlak
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Miriam Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dagny Stojčević Jan
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Zorica Dakić
- Parasitological Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Kuruca L, Klun I, Uzelac A, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Simin S, Lalošević V, Lalošević D, Djurković-Djaković O. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3117-3123. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Konstantinović J, Terzić-Jovanović N, Uzelac A, Bobić B, Šolaja BA, Djurković-Djaković O. Examination of the antimalarial potential of experimental aminoquinolines: poor in vitro effect does not preclude in vivo efficacy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:461-466. [PMID: 28668677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major disease in the developing world and globally is the most important parasitic disease causing significant morbidity and mortality. Because of widespread resistance to conventional antimalarials, including chloroquine (CQ), new drugs are urgently needed. Here we report on the antimalarial efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo, of a series of aminoquinoline derivatives with adamantane or benzothiophene as a carrier. In vitro efficacy was evaluated by a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay in cultures of a CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (Dd2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Of a series of 26 screened compounds, 12 that exerted a growth inhibition rate of ≥50% were further examined in vitro to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Nine compounds shown in preliminary experiments to be non-toxic in vivo were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain using a modified Thompson test. All nine compounds examined in vivo prolonged the survival of treated versus untreated mice, four of which afforded ≥60% survival. Most notably, two of these compounds, both with the adamantane carrier, afforded complete cure (100% survival and parasite clearance). Interestingly, one of these compounds had no in vitro effect against the CQ-resistant P. falciparum strain. Better in vivo compared with in vitro results suggest a role for compound metabolites rather than the compounds themselves. The results presented here point to adamantane as a carrier that enhances the antimalarial potential of aminoquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Srbljanović
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Tijana Štajner
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Jelena Konstantinović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Uzelac
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
| | - Bogdan A Šolaja
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, P.O. Box 39, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia.
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19
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Klun I, Uzelac A, Villena I, Mercier A, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Rajnpreht I, Opsteegh M, Aubert D, Blaga R, van der Giessen J, Djurković-Djaković O. The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:167. [PMID: 28376902 PMCID: PMC5379513 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1:6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1:400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Klun
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uzelac
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabelle Villena
- Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Maison Blanche, EA 3800 SFR CAP-SANTE, UFR Médecine Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Aurélien Mercier
- INSERM, UMR_S 1094, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, Limoges, France.,Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Dupuytren, 87042, Limoges, France
| | - Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Rajnpreht
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marieke Opsteegh
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3520BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Aubert
- Centre National de Référence de la Toxoplasmose, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CHU Maison Blanche, EA 3800 SFR CAP-SANTE, UFR Médecine Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092, Reims, France
| | - Radu Blaga
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, ANSES, INRA, Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire de santé animale de Maisons-Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3520BA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre of Excellence for Food- and Vector-Borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, 11129, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Bobić B, Milosavić M, Guzijan G, Djurković-Djaković O. First Report onToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Study in Blood Donors. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:807-809. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Center of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milanka Milosavić
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gordana Guzijan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Center of Excellence for Food- and Vector-borne Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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21
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Djurković-Djaković O, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Dupouy-Camet J. Pork as a source of human parasitic infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 19:586-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Bobić B, Nikolić A, Radivojević SK, Klun I, Djurković-Djaković O. Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century? Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:967-73. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Klun
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Djurković-Djaković O, Djokić V, Vujanić M, Zivković T, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Slavić K, Klun I, Ivović V. Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:372-6. [PMID: 22613495 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive real-time PCR technique was used to examine the distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the blood and tissues of mice during acute and chronic infection. Groups of Swiss Albino mice, inoculated i.p. with 10(2) or 10(6) tachyzoites of the RH strain as a typical type-1 strain, or fed 10 cysts of the Me49 strain as a typical type-2 strain, were killed at different time points post-infection (p.i.), and blood and organs including the lungs, brain and liver were harvested for DNA extraction. Toxoplasma DNA was quantified by a real-time PCR targeted at the 529bp gene fragment, with a detection limit of a single parasite per g/ml of tissue. The results showed a strain- and dose-dependent spread of Toxoplasma. In infection with type-1 parasites, in case of a high infective dose, Toxoplasma DNA was detected within 24h p.i. in all analyzed tissues including the brain. Conversely, in case of a low infective dose, parasitaemia was undetectable early p.i., at a time when Toxoplasma DNA was detected in the tissues, but reached very high levels as infection progressed. With both infective doses, pre-death parasite burdens were higher in the blood than in the tissues, whereas the same loads in the lungs suggest that reaching these Toxoplasma burdens may be critical for survival. In infection with Me49 parasites, steady high parasite burdens were noted up to the end of the experiment at d42 only in the brain, parasitaemia was low but detectable throughout, and Toxoplasma DNA was completely cleared only from the liver. These data are important to better understand the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, and also as baseline data for the experimental evaluation of novel chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Centre of Excellence in Biomedicine, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bobić B, Radovanović AB. [Dr Jovan Nenadović]. Med Pregl 2012; 65:259-262. [PMID: 22730714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Jovan Nenadović was a famous physician and meritorious citizen of Novi Sad. The occasion to restore the memory of him has arisen sixty years after his death. PROFESSIONAL CARRIER: Jovan Nenadović graduated from Medical Faculty in Graz in 1900. In 1919 he established Dermatovenerology Department at the City Hospital in Novi Sad and Venerology Out-patient Department. He was lifelong honorable president of Dermatovenerology Section of Serbian Medical Society. Nenadović was the first president of the Medical Chamber of Danube Banovina and president of the Society of Physicians of Vojvodina. SOCIAL ACTIVITIES: Nenadović was a vice president of Red Cross Society of Banat, Backa and Baranja. He was well known as patron of the arts, he was a president of the Association of Cultural Societies of Novi Sad and a member of board of Matica Srpska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- Klinicki centar Srbije, Institut za medicinska istrazivanja, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Medicinski fakultet.
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Zivković T, Ivović V, Vujanić M, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Djurković-Djaković O. Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2011; 123 Suppl 1:43-6. [PMID: 22006453 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toxoplasma gondii infection acquired during pregnancy may lead to transplacental transmission and jeopardize the course and outcome of pregnancy, leading to life-threatening disease in the fetus and the newborn. CASE REPORT Here we present a case of medically terminated pregnancy due to clinically manifested congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) which was proven serologically, as well as by bioassay. Ultrasonographically visualized severe fetal ventriculomegaly in a seven-month pregnant 33-year-old woman with a history of three months of lymphadenopathy was an indication for extensive testing for toxoplasmosis. Based on the serological results obtained (high specific IgG antibodies of borderline but close-to-low avidity, along with the finding of specific IgM antibodies), maternal infection was dated to the second trimester. Cord blood serology revealed IgG levels lower than those of the mother's, but both specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected, indicating fetal infection. Although Toxoplasma DNA was not detected in the cord blood sample by real-time PCR, fetal infection was definitely confirmed after six weeks by cord blood bioassay results. While no morphologically recognizable Toxoplasma cysts were found, murine serology was positive. Since fetal morphological abnormalities, which could not be reversed by subsequent treatment, were already advanced at the time of serological testing, the patient opted for termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION This case demonstrates the potentially severe outcome of CT as a result of central nervous system affection, emphasizing the need for prompt and precise prenatal diagnosis in case of maternal seroconversion, so that proper treatment may be introduced in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Zivković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Djurković-Djaković O. Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2011; 123 Suppl 1:2-6. [PMID: 21935646 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans were reviewed. SOURCE OF DATA Published reports on Toxoplasma infection in women of childbearing age in the last 30 years for all Balkan countries. RESULTS The dominant feature of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans is a continuous decrease in the prevalence over time. Systematic monitoring of Toxoplasma infection prevalence in populations of women of childbearing age in Slovenia, Serbia and Greece over the last 30 years has shown a continuous significant decrease in all three countries. Moreover, a decrease has also been shown in Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia where Toxoplasma infection has been surveyed only during the past decade. Another region-wide feature is that the prevalence of infection currently does not surpass 50%. Furthermore, a decrease in Toxoplasma prevalence from the north to the south has been shown in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, from southern Hungary (as a region neighbouring the Balkans at the north), over Serbia and FYRoM to northern Greece. Seasonality of infection, with significantly more cases of acute infection in the winter than in the summer, was observed in Slovenia in the west and Serbia in the east. Despite a common decreasing trend, different infection transmission risk factors seem predominant across the region; while contact with cats was discussed as important in Slovenia, consumption of undercooked meat was shown to be the leading risk factor in Serbia and Albania, and contact with soil in FYRoM and in northern Greece. CONCLUSION A decreasing trend of Toxoplasma prevalence over time in the Balkans is part of a changing pattern of Toxoplasma infection throughout Europe. Strategies for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis should take the infection dynamics into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Belgrade University Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Nikolić A, Klun I, Bobić B, Ivović V, Vujanić M, Zivković T, Djurković-Djaković O. Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection. Parasite 2011; 18:197-201. [PMID: 21678797 PMCID: PMC3671421 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2011182197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the public health importance of giardiasis in all of Europe, reliable data on the incidence and prevalence in Western Balkan Countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and FYR Macedonia) are scarce, and the relative contribution of waterborne and food-borne, or person-to-person and/or animal-to-person, transmission of human giardiasis is not yet clear. To provide baseline data for the estimation of the public health risk caused by Giardia, we here review the information available on the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection in Serbia. Although asymptomatic cases of Giardia represent a major proportion of the total cases of infection, high rates of Giardia infection were found in both asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. No waterborne outbreaks of giardiasis have been reported, and it thus seems that giardiasis mostly occurs sporadically in our milieu. Under such circumstances, control measures to reduce the high prevalence of giardiasis in Serbia have focused on person-to-person transmission, encouraging proper hygiene, but for more targeted intervention measures, studies to identify other risk factors for asymptomatic and symptomatic infections are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikolić
- Serbian Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Klun I, Vujanić M, Yera H, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Bobić B, Bradonjić S, Dupouy-Camet J, Djurković-Djaković O. Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood. Vet Res 2011; 42:17. [PMID: 21314900 PMCID: PMC3042937 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A seroepizootiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection involving a total of 488 slaughter pigs (468 market-weight pigs and 20 sows) in the Belgrade area, also included examination of the presence of T. gondii in the blood. Blood sampled at the slaughter line was examined for specific antibodies by modified direct agglutination, and blood clots of those seropositive at titres of 1:50-1:12800 were bioassayed in mice. The overall seroprevalence was 9.2%, significantly higher (p = 0.0063) in sows (30.0%) than in market-weight pigs (8.3%). Amongst the 22 bioassays performed, a total of 16 (72.7%) were positive, by observation of T. gondii cysts (12), seropositivity (7, including 3 in which cysts were not detected), and/or detection of T. gondii DNA by real-time PCR (12, including one otherwise negative). The positive bioassays originated from the blood of 12 market-weight pigs and 4 sows. Despite a general increase in the rate of demonstration of T. gondii with the increase in the specific antibody level, the association was not significant (p = 0.101). The risk of infection was 41-fold increased in sows vs market-weight pigs, and 15-fold in pigs from smallholders' finishing type farms vs those from large farrow-to-finish farms. The presence of viable T. gondii in a proportion of the samples indicates that some of the pigs had an active parasitaemia at the time of slaughter, which, along with the seroprevalence established, points to a potential source of human infection in Serbia. This is the first report on parasitaemia in naturally infected swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Klun
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, University of Belgrade Institute for Medical Research, Dr, Subotića 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Cvetković D, Bobić B, Jankovska G, Klun I, Panovski N, Djurković-Djaković O. Risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in FYR of Macedonia. Parasite 2010; 17:183-6. [PMID: 21073139 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2010173183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in FYR of Macedonia. Retrospective analysis of serological and epidemiological data in a series of 235 pregnant women from Macedonia, tested for Toxoplasma infection between January 2004 and December 2005, showed an overall prevalence of infection of 20.4%. Exposure to transmission factors significantly increased the risk of infection (RR = 1.989, 95 % CI = 1.041-3.800, p = 0.037). The single infection transmission factor that was a predictor of infection in the whole series was exposure to soil (RR = 1.946, 95% CI = 1.026-3.692, p = 0.041). Based on prevalence and the established risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in Macedonia, the health education programme as a sustainable measure for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis should focus on educating women of generative age to avoid contact with soil (farming, gardening), and/to adhere to strict hygienic practices afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cvetković
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University "Sts Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, FYR of Macedonia
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Abstract
Known for a century, Toxoplasma gondii has been studied in Serbia half this time, ever since the introduction of the Sabin-Feldman test at the Institute for Medical Research (IMR) in 1959. However, despite 50 years of continuous efforts, exact data on the frequency of acute clinical disease, acute infections in pregnancy and congenital infection in the offspring are still lacking, due to the vague regulatory provision that toxoplasmosis is subject to reporting "in case of epidemiological indications". It is, however, clear that the major Toxoplasma-induced public health issue in Serbia, like elsewhere in Europe, is congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). Continuous monitoring of particular patient groups showed a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of infection over the past two decades, and a consequently increased proportion of women susceptible to infection in pregnancy, suggesting a potential increase in the incidence of CT. Studies of risk factors for infection transmission have provided data to guide national health education campaigns. It is expected that the recent appointment of the National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis as the focal point for the collection of data from the primary level, will provide the means for accurate assessment of the measure of the problem, which is a prerequisite of an evidence-based nation-wide prevention program. In the meantime, health education of all pregnant women, focused at risk factors of major local significance, is advocated as a sound and financially sustainable option to reduce congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Djurković-Djaković
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Serbian Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4, PO Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Vujanić M, Ivović V, Kataranovski M, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Klun I, Villena I, Kataranovski D, Djurković-Djaković O. Toxoplasmosis in naturally infected rodents in Belgrade, Serbia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 11:1209-11. [PMID: 21028963 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2010.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of urban toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii infection was examined in 144 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 12 mice (Mus musculus) captured using live animal traps in three locations in Belgrade city characterized by poor housing and degraded environment. In rats, specific IgG antibodies were detected by modified agglutination test in 22 (27.5%) of the 80 blood samples available. Toxoplasma brain cysts were microscopically detected in 11 (7.6%), and Toxoplasma DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction was demonstrated in 15 (10.4%) animals. Of these, both cysts and Toxoplasma DNA were detected in five (3.5%) rats. In mice, cysts were observed in 3 (25%), but Toxoplasma DNA was detected in even 10 (83.3%) animals, including all 3 with morphologically recognized cysts. Being a link in the chain of Toxoplasma infection, the existence of urban rodent reservoirs of infection represents a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Vujanić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Serbian Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Bobić B, Klun I, Nikolić A, Vujanić M, Zivković T, Ivović V, Djurković-Djaković O. Seasonal variations in human Toxoplasma infection in Serbia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2010; 10:465-9. [PMID: 20017715 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal variations in the occurrence of toxoplasmosis have been studied only sporadically. We thus examined the seasonal distribution of acute toxoplasmosis in Serbia during a 4-year period (2004-2008). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 391 consecutive symptomatic (recent lymphadenopathy) and 715 asymptomatic (women tested for obstetric reasons) patients were tested for Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) (including IgG avidity) and IgM antibodies. The distribution of patients with acute infection, and of all patients from both groups, was analyzed for seasonality. In addition, factors (including undercooked meat consumption, contact with cats and with soil) possibly contributing to seasonality were analyzed in patients with acute infection (cases) matched by age, sex, and time (month and year) of infection (symptomatic) or presentation (asymptomatic) with seronegative patients (controls). RESULTS Acute toxoplasmosis was serologically (IgG avidity low, IgM positive) diagnosed in 39 (10.0%) symptomatic and 38 (5.3%) asymptomatic patients. In both groups, monthly distribution of acute infections showed significant (p < 0.0001) seasonality, which was related to the four seasons of the year (p < 0.0001). Importantly, the observed seasonality was not related to the distribution of all examined patients in either group (p < 0.001). In the symptomatic patients, acute infections occurred more often between October and March (p = 0.0486). Although more asymptomatic acute infections were diagnosed between February and July (p = 0.0037), low IgG avidity suggests that infection had occurred within the previous trimester (between November and April). Undercooked meat consumption was shown as a risk factor for symptomatic infection in the October-March period (odds ratio 7.67, 95% confidence interval 1.61-36.45). CONCLUSION Seasonality patterns should be taken into account in the health education guidelines for the prevention of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis, Serbian Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Milovanović I, Vujanić M, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Trbovich AM, Djurković-Djaković O. Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 104:175-8. [PMID: 19430640 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Host lipids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. To determine if Toxoplasma infection influences the lipid status in the normal host, we assessed serum lipids of Swiss-Webster mice during infection with the BGD-1 strain (type-2) at a series of time points. Mice were bled at days zero and 42 post-infection, and subgroups were additionally bled on alternating weeks (model 1), or sacrificed at days zero, 14 and 42 (model 2) for the measurement of total cholesterol (Chl), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides and adiponectin. At day 42, brains were harvested for cyst enumeration. A significant decrease (p = 0.02) in HDL and total Chl was first noted in infected vs. control mice at day 14 and persisted to day 42 (p = 0.013). Conversely, LDL was unaltered until day 42, when it increased (p = 0.043). Serum LDL levels at day 42 correlated only with cyst counts of above 300 (found in 44% mice), while the change in HDL between days zero and 42 correlated with both the overall mean cyst count (p = 0.041) and cyst counts above 300 (p = 0.044). Calculated per cyst, this decrease in HDL in individual animals ranged from 0.1-17 micromol/L, with a mean of 2.43 +/- 4.14 micromol/L. Serum adiponectin levels remained similar between infected and control mice throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Milovanović
- Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Nikolić A, Dimitrijević S, Katić-Radivojević S, Klun I, Bobić B, Djurković-Djaković O. High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia--short communication. Acta Vet Hung 2008; 56:335-40. [PMID: 18828485 DOI: 10.1556/avet.56.2008.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 151 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and 11 military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia-type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia, Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nikolić
- 1 University of Belgrade Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sanda Dimitrijević
- 2 University of Belgrade Department for Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade Serbia
| | - Sofija Katić-Radivojević
- 3 University of Belgrade Department for Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ivana Klun
- 1 University of Belgrade Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research Belgrade Serbia
| | - Branko Bobić
- 1 University of Belgrade Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research Belgrade Serbia
| | - Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- 1 University of Belgrade Centre for Parasitic Zoonoses, Institute for Medical Research Belgrade Serbia
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Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Vujanić M, Djurković-Djaković O. Undercooked meat consumption remains the major risk factor for Toxoplasma infection in Serbia. Parassitologia 2007; 49:227-230. [PMID: 18689232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence and infection risk factors were analyzed in a series of 765 women of generative age from throughout Serbia tested at the Institute for Medical Research Toxoplasmosis Laboratory between 2001 and 2005. The infection risk factors were additionally analyzed in a group of 53 women with acute infection (cases) compared to a group of seronegative women matched for age and education level (controls). The overall prevalence of infection was 33%. Infection risk factors in the whole series were undercooked meat consumption (RR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.16-2.7, P = 0.008) and exposure to soil (RR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.17-2.29, P = 0.004), particularly in less educated women. Moreover, undercooked meat consumption was the single predictor of infection in women with acute infection, with an 11-fold increased risk of infection in women who acknowledged consumption of undercooked meat (RR = 11.21, 95% CI = 3.10-40.53, P = 0.000). These data prompted us to analyze the significance of consumption of particular meat types as sources of infection. Of all the meat types mostly consumed in Serbia, only consumption of beef (RR = 1.006, 95% CI = 1.001-1.011, P = 0.027) was shown to influence Toxoplasma infection rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bobić
- Belgrade University Institute for Medical Research, Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Djurković-Djaković O, Klun I, Khan A, Nikolić A, Knezević-Usaj S, Bobić B, Sibley LD. A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:2206-12. [PMID: 16797199 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite its capacity for sexual reproduction and global distribution, Toxoplasma gondii has a highly clonal structure, with the majority of isolates belonging to three distinct clonal types. Congenital toxoplasmosis has been associated with type I and type II strains. We here present the first characterization of a T. gondii strain (BGD1) from South-East Europe, isolated from the umbilical blood of a 24-week-old fetus in Serbia. Genotyping, performed by PCR-RFLP using a set of nested PCR markers (5'SAG2, 3'SAG2, BTUB, SAG3, and GRA6), showed that the BGD1 strain possessed a type II genotype. The cytokine patterns in Swiss-Webster mice inoculated with brain cysts of BGD1 and the prototype type II ME49 strain were similar until 180 days post-infection, with highly elevated IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-10 by d7 and decreasing thereafter. While both strains induced pneumonia and hepatitis in acute infection (d14), chronic infection (d56) was characterized, in addition to hepatitis, by severe meningoencephalitis, associated with numerous brain cysts. Thus, the BGD1 strain of T. gondii has type II genotypic and immunologic characteristics, but unlike other type II strains of human origin, induces severe encephalitis, making it an alternative to the sheep-derived ME49 strain for experimental models of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Grujić J, Djurković-Djaković O, Nikolić A, Klun I, Bobić B. Effectiveness of spiramycin in murine models of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25:226-30. [PMID: 15737517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The antitoxoplasmic activity of spiramycin (SPI) was evaluated in murine models of infection using a type-1 (RH) or type-2 (Me49) strain of Toxoplasma gondii. In mice infected with 10(2) tachyzoites of the RH strain, treatment with 100 and 200 mg SPI/kg/day had only a limited effect; despite some dose-dependent prolongation of survival, it was unable to protect mice against death. In contrast, in acute infection induced by peroral inoculation of 10, but not 20, cysts of the Me49 strain, a 3-week course of 100 mg SPI/kg/day and a 4-week course of 200 mg/kg/day significantly enhanced protection and markedly reduced brain cyst burdens at 6 months post infection (p.i.). In chronic infection established by inoculation of 10 cysts 3 months previously, a 3-week course of 200 mg SPI/kg/day resulted in significantly decreased brain cyst burdens compared with controls, both 2 weeks after treatment cessation and by 6 months p.i. Although a favourable effect on chronic infection may be specific for mice, these data merit investigation, since they may have clinical ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelica Grujić
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
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Djurković-Djaković O, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Klun I, Aleksić A. Stage conversion of Toxoplasma gondii RH parasites in mice by treatment with atovaquone and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. Microbes Infect 2004; 7:49-54. [PMID: 15716077 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 09/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mouse-virulent RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii is generally considered to have lost its cyst-forming capacity, and conversion of RH tachyzoites into cysts in non-immune mice has previously been shown exclusively following early treatment with sulfadiazine (SDZ). We here describe the development of tissue cysts in mice infected with RH strain parasites and treated with atovaquone (ATO) combined with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Groups of Swiss-Webster mice infected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10(2) RH tachyzoites were treated with 5, 25 and 100 mg of ATO/kg per day alone or combined with PDTC at 250 mg/kg per day from day 1 postinfection (p.i.) for 14 days. A total of 19 mice survived the 6-week observation period. Of these, brain cysts were recovered in nine (47%), with burdens ranging from 50 to 3120 (mean +/- S.D. = 622 +/- 963). All cyst-harboring mice had high specific IgG antibody levels (1:10,240-1:40,960, corresponding to 500-2000 IU/ml), as did one mouse in which cysts were not demonstrated, which was therefore included in the group of mice with residual infection. Bioassay performed to test the infectivity of these cysts produced acute lethal toxoplasmosis following i.p. inoculation in all instances (100%), and importantly, following peroral inoculation in four (29%). The recovered tachyzoites were highly infectious. In addition, significantly elevated interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in the treated mice which developed residual infection compared with any group of infection-free (treated or subinoculated) mice, indicates immunological control of the parasite in the latent form. In conclusion, early treatment of mice infected with T. gondii RH tachyzoites with ATO and PDTC induces conversion into tissue cysts, thus providing a new model for studying the mechanism(s) of T. gondii stage conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Parasitology, Institute for Medical Research, Dr. Subotića 4, P.O. Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Djurković-Djaković O, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Klun I. Combined Effect of Atovaquone and Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate in the Treatment of Acute Murine Toxoplasmosis. Chemotherapy 2004; 50:155-6. [PMID: 15272229 DOI: 10.1159/000077891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Djurković-Djaković
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Bobić B, Nikolić A, Djurković-Djaković O. [Identification of risk factors for infection with Toxoplasma gondii in Serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2004; 131:162-7. [PMID: 14608881 DOI: 10.2298/sarh0304162b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis has long been known as a major cause of perinatal morbidity. Acute infection in pregnancy may lead to fetal infection and subsequent fetal loss or birth of a manifestly or latently infected infant. However, it is a preventable disease. In Europe, significant variations have been shown to occur not only between countries but also within a given country indicating local variations in the influence of epidemiological factors contributing to infection. Thus, many European countries have implemented prevention programs in measure with the respective estimated risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since in view of its cost, a general screening-in-pregnancy program is at present not an option in Serbia & Montenegro, insight into the risk factors of particular local significance may therefore improve the quality of and the compliance with the hygienic and dietetic advice given to pregnant women as a preventive measure, as well as identify the particular subpopulations at an increased risk of infection, who may then be selectively screened. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection based on serological and epidemiological data (questionnaire) was performed in a series of 2936 women aged 15-49 years from throughout Serbia tested in our laboratory between 1988 and 1997. Inclusion criteria included availability of serological and epidemiological data (as specified below). Specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by the reference Sabin-Feldman dye test as modified by Desmonts into the lysis test. The questionnaire included questions on age (stratified into five-year groups), degree of education (modalities: grade school, secondary or university level), and community of residence (urban/suburban), as well as on life-style habits pertaining to infection transmission risk factors: consumption of undercooked meat, exposure to soil, and exposure to cats (pet cat ownership). In addition, the year of entry into the study was taken as a variable per se. STATISTICS The difference in the rates of infection between groups was evaluated by the chi-square test (chi 2). Logistic regression (univariant and multivariant approaches) was used to analyze the association between Toxoplasma infection and the specific demographic and epidemiological factors. RESULTS The overall prevalence of infection was 69%, but with very wide variations both over time (decreasing from 86% in 1988 to 39% in 1997) and region (40-90%). The risk of infection increased from the south to the north (RR = 0.97, CI = 0.94-0.98). Within Belgrade, the risk was higher in urban than in suburban zones (RR = 0.79, CI = 0.64-0.93). The single infection transmission factor that was shown to be a predictor of infection in the whole study group was undercooked meat consumption (RR = 1.6, CI = 1.2-2.1), while exposure to soil was a predictor only in women aged 15-19 (RR = 10.3, CI = 2.7-38.6). Owing pet cats had no influence. While T. gondii infection was not associated with pathological pregnancies (p = 0.51) in the whole study population, it was significantly associated with pathological pregnancies in women exposed to both undercooked meat consumption (p = 0.009) and in those aged 15-19 in contact with soil (p = 0.022), as well as in women residing in highly urban communities (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION The dramatic decrease in the prevalence of T. gondii infection over the nineties resulted in a rising proportion of women exposed to infection in pregnancy and consequently in an increased risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since the financial status of the country's health system does not allow for a general screening-in-pregnancy program, we propose, based on the above data, health education of all pregnant women in combination with serological testing of those exposed to predictors of infection as an epidemiologically sound and financially sustainable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Bobić
- Laboratory for Medical Parasitology, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade
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Djurković-Djaković O, Milenković V, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Grujić J. Efficacy of atovaquone combined with clindamycin against murine infection with a cystogenic (Me49) strain of Toxoplasma gondii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50:981-7. [PMID: 12461021 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkf251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of atovaquone (ATO) combined with clindamycin (CLI) against Toxoplasma gondii was examined in murine models of infection with a mouse-non-virulent (Me49) strain. Swiss-Webster mice inoculated by mouth with 10 or 20 cysts were treated with ATO and CLI alone or combined at dosages of ATO 5-100 and CLI 25-400 mg/kg/day for 2-4 weeks. Drug treatment was initiated (i) day 4 post-infection (acute infection), (ii) 3 months post-infection (chronic infection) and (iii) following a 2-3 week course of treatment with dexamethasone (DXM) alone or combined with cortisone-acetate (CA) introduced 3 months post-infection (reactivated toxoplasmosis). In acute infection, whereas treatment with any drug or drug combination significantly enhanced survival and reduced the brain cyst burden, in mice treated with ATO alone or combined with CLI, the cyst counts were significantly lower than in mice treated with CLI alone. In chronic infection, the decrease in the cyst burden observed 2 weeks after treatment with either drug alone was significant only in mice treated with the combined drugs. Most importantly, in reactivated toxoplasmosis, whereas an effect for the combined drugs was shown in mice suppressed with both DXM alone and combined with CA, in mice pre-treated with DXM a 3 week course of ATO > or = 25 and CLI 50 mg/kg/day significantly increased survival and markedly decreased the cyst burden. The latter effect was long-term, since the cyst burdens in treated mice continued to decrease up to 3 months later, whereas they increased in the untreated mice. The results warrant clinical evaluation of the combination of ATO and CLI in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in both immunocompetent and, more importantly, immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Djurković-Djaković
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, PO Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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Djurković-Djaković O, Milenković V, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Grujić J. Effect of atovaquone combined with clindamycin in a murine model of recrudescence of Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Infect Dis 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1201-9712(02)90203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Djurković-Djaković O, Nikolić T, Robert-Gangneux F, Bobić B, Nikolić A. Synergistic effect of clindamycin and atovaquone in acute murine toxoplasmosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2240-4. [PMID: 10471572 PMCID: PMC89454 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.9.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of clindamycin (CLI) combined with autovaquone (ATO) was examined in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. Swiss Webster mice intraperitoneally infected with 10(2) or 10(4) tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii were perorally treated with either drug alone (for ATO, 5, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of body weight/day; for CLI, 25, 50, or 400 mg/kg/day) or both combined (for ATO plus CLI, respectively, 5 plus 25, 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, 50 plus 50, or 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) starting with day 1 for 14 days. Survival was monitored during 7 weeks. Residual infection was assessed by a bioassay of representative 4-week survivors and by parasite DNA detection by PCR for representative 7-week survivors. An effect of treatment was shown in all treatment groups compared to untreated control mice (P = 0.0000). Among mice infected with 10(2) parasites, ATO and CLI at any dose combination protected significantly more animals than ATO alone (P = 0.0000), but compared to CLI alone, given its good effect, the combined drugs were no more effective (P > 0.05). For mice infected with 10(4) parasites, the drugs combined at the lowest and highest doses (5 plus 25 and 100 plus 400 mg/kg/day) were, similarly, more effective than ATO alone (P = 0.035 and 0.000, respectively) but not than CLI alone (P > 0. 05). However, treatment with ATO plus CLI at 25 plus 25, 25 plus 50, and 50 plus 50 mg/kg/day protected 20, 33, and 78% of mice, respectively, compared to virtually no survivals among those treated with either drug alone (P < 0.0005), thus demonstrating a significant synergistic effect of ATO and CLI against T. gondii. Furthermore, the dose of ATO at a given dose of CLI was shown to be critical to the effect. Moreover, the absence of residual infection in some survivors shows the potential of this drug combination to eliminate the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Djurković-Djaković
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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Nikolić T, Djurković-Djaković O, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Babić D. Treatment protocol determines the efficacy of clindamycin in acute murine toxoplasmosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1999; 11:145-9. [PMID: 10221418 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(98)00064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the contribution to the efficacy of clindamycin in acute murine toxoplasmosis of treatment protocol variables, groups of Swiss Webster mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(2) RH strain Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were treated with peroral clindamycin at 25, 50 and 400 mg/kgBM per day for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. While the lowest drug dose applied for a single week prolonged survival time as compared to untreated animals, not even the highest dose applied for 1 or 2 weeks completely prevented mortality. Conversely, 100% protection was achieved with 3-week treatment courses at both 50 and 400 mg/kg per day. While both survival rates and survival times increased in parallel with the drug dose and treatment duration, the latter was shown to be critical to the outcome, suggesting the use of clindamycin as an antitoxoplasmic agent should be as a prolonged course.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nikolić
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Bobić B, Jevremović I, Marinković J, Sibalić D, Djurković-Djaković O. Risk factors for Toxoplasma infection in a reproductive age female population in the area of Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14:605-10. [PMID: 9794128 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007461225944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The contribution to Toxoplasma infection of known transmission risk factors such as consumption of undercooked meat, contact with soil, and contact with cats, as well as that of age, degree of education, residence in central vs. suburban city communities, and year of entry into the study, has been investigated in a group of 1157 female residents (age range 15 to 45 years) of a defined geographic area (Belgrade) during a 4-years period (1988-1991). The rate of infection increased with age, ranging from 57% to 93%, with an overall mean of 77%. However, it decreased significantly over the study period (p < 0.01). Of the potential risk factors examined, regression analysis showed that the following: age (relative risk (RR): 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.37, p = 0.022), undercooked meat consumption (RR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.2-2.86, p = 0.001), and the year of entry into the study (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.6-0.8, p = 0.000) were significantly associated with infection. However, while the consumption of undercooked meat contributed to the frequency of infection in the whole group, its significance increased with the degree of education but decreased with age, and was greater in women residing in the suburbs. In addition, in women below age 20, exposure to soil (farming, gardening) was significantly associated with infection (RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97, p = 0.037). Since cats are the single source of toxoplasma oocysts, the above finding indicates that cats are an epidemiologically significant source of environmental contamination in Belgrade. However, cat ownership itself as a criterion of contact with cats was not associated with infection (p = 0.326). In the absence of a general screening in pregnancy program in Yugoslavia, these data point out the groups of pregnant women at the highest risk of infection and provide a basis for a region-appropriate educational program to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bobić
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
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Nikolić A, Djurković-Djaković O, Bobić B. [Intestinal parasitic infections in Serbia]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 1998; 126:1-5. [PMID: 9525075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the public health significance of intestinal parasitism in Serbia today, systematic parasitologic examination of 16 regions (Kragujevac, Luchani, Zhagubica, Bor, Sjenica, Novi Pazar, Valjevo, Aleksandrovac, Pirot, Bosilegrad, Ivanjica, Golubac, Uzhice, Kladovo, Negotin, Beograd) in central Serbia were carried out over the period 1984-1993. The study involved a total of 5981 schoolchildren (2887 F, 3094 M), 7-11 years old representing 10% of the total age-matched population (N = 58,228) of the examined regions, residing in 91 settlements. Field parasitological examinations included the examination of perianal swabs for E. vermicularis and Taenia sp., and examination of a single feces sample by direct saline smear and Lugol stained smear for intestinal protozoa, and the Kato and Lörincz methods for intestinal helminths. Nine species of intestinal parasites were detected, of which five protozoan: Entamoeba histolytica (0.02%), Entamoeba hartmanni (0.02%), Entamoeba coli (1.3%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (0.02%), Giardia lamblia (6.8%), and four helminthic: Hymenolepis nana (0.06%), Enterobius vermicularis (14.7%), Ascaris lumbricoides (3.3%), Trichuris trichiura (1.8%). The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections amounted to 24.6% (1207/4913), with a highly significant difference (p < 0.001) between particular sites (range 14.4%-43.8%) (Figure 1). Helminthic infections (810) were significantly more frequent (p < 0.001) as compared to both protozoan (296) and combined helminthic-protozoan infections (101). Of these, two species (G. lamblia, E. vermicularis) were found in all examined regions, three (E. coli, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura) were detected in two or more, while four species (E. histolytica, E. hartmanni, I. bütschlii, H. nana) were each found in a single region (Figure 2). The predominant species (E. coli, G. lamblia, E. vermicularis, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura) were distributed at considerably different prevalence rates, with a significant difference between the minimal and maximal values (p < 0.01). Of 91 settlements examined, intestinal parasites were found in all but one. However, the prevalence rates in 90 settlements varied significantly (p = 0.0004), from a low of 5.9% to a high of 66.7%. Thus, according to the World Health Organization criteria [19], infections with the four clinically relevant species (G. lamblia, E. vermicularis, A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura) ranged from sporadic to endemic and hyperendemic (Figure 3). The results obtained provide the basic epidemiological data about intestinal parasite infections in Serbia, and indicate their significance in terms of both the number of species and their respective prevalence rates. Given the significant differences obtained in the frequency and distribution of particular parasite infections in different regions, a programme for the control of these infections in Serbia should obviously include a wide variety of measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikolić
- Institute of Medical Research, Belgrade
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Vuković D, Djurković-Djaković O, Kovacević S, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Todorović V, Babić D. Effect of clindamycin in a model of acute murine toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3:89-94. [PMID: 11864081 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.1997.tb00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the antitoxoplasma activity of clindamycin in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Rates of survival and mean survival times of Swiss Webster mice infected intraperitoneally with 106-102 tachyzoites of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii treated with clindamycin or sulfamethoxazole (positive control) or untreated (negative control) were compared. Survivors were submitted to examination of untreated brain tissue preparations, intraperitoneal and peroral subinoculations of brain tissue homogenates into fresh mice, and to pathohistology, including immunohistochemistry, of brain and lungs. RESULTS: The effect of clindamycin treatment (400 mg/kg/day) on infected Swiss Webster mice was inoculum size dependent, ranging from no survivals in animals infected with 106 parasites, to 100% survivals with an inoculum of 102. Treatment initiated 24 h before and at time of infection prolonged mean survival times comparably to sulfamethoxazole, and significantly when compared to untreated controls. In contrast, treatment initiated 48 h postinfection with an inoculum of 106 did not postpone death. In the clindamycin-treated survivors, there was no biological or histologic evidence for the persistence of toxoplasma. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that at an appropriate parasite dose/drug dose ratio, clindamycin is strongly toxoplasmacidal in a murine model of acute toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Vuković
- Toxoplasmosis Research Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research
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Abstract
A survey of intestinal parasite infections in school-children throughout Serbia revealed an area of endemic infection where 31% of the children examined were found to be infected with Giardia lamblia, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. All infected children were treated with metronidazole for giardiasis and mebendazole for helminthic infections. A post-chemotherapy survey was performed 3 months later to assess the efficacy of treatment, showing a decrease in the prevalence of all species, thus indicating drug efficacy of 66-100%. A second survey, performed 13 months after chemotherapy to assess the rates of reinfection, showed that only Ascaris lumbricoides prevalence returned to the pre-treatment level. The results of this field study prove chemotherapy to be an important tool in the control of intestinal parasite infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Sibalić D, Bobić B, Djurković-Djaković O. Specific IgM antibodies as parameters of toxoplasma infection in pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993; 36:91-5. [PMID: 8225054 DOI: 10.1159/000292603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the time of toxoplasma infection more precisely by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test and indirect hemagglutination test in 51 pregnant women whose Sabin-Feldman test and immunosorbent agglutination assay were positive. Analysis of the results of sera tested with the two additional serological assays showed that the infection was acquired during pregnancy in 19 cases, while the other pregnant women had become infected before conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sibalić
- Toxoplasmosis Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Bobić B, Nedvidek B. [The effect of transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation on pain in knee arthroses]. Med Pregl 1992; 45:359-64. [PMID: 1344474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with effects of the TENS on disappearance of pain in knee arthrosis. Relevant investigation covered 40 patients of both sexes, different occupations and various age. The group was homogeneous in respect of subjective feeling of pain, length of illness and clinical findings. The results that were obtained clearly indicate the possibility of extinguishing the pain completely or reducing its intensity by application of the TENS which is to be used in medical treatment of knee arthrosis simultaneously with common drugs and physical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bobić
- Medicinski fakultet, Novi Sad
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