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Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Ostwald ripening in macro- and nanoemulsions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sedaghat Doost A, Devlieghere F, Stevens CV, Claeys M, Van der Meeren P. Self-assembly of Tween 80 micelles as nanocargos for oregano and trans-cinnamaldehyde plant-derived compounds. Food Chem 2020; 327:126970. [PMID: 32473414 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Tween 80 (T80) micelles loaded with plant-based oregano essential oil (OR) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) was studied. The effect of different factors, including the surfactant to oil ratio, the presence of sodium chloride, thermal treatment, and dilution on their formation and physicochemical stability was evaluated. The creation of nano-cargos was confirmed by TEM. The self-associated structures had z-average droplet diameters of 92 to 337 nm without any energy input. Whereas addition of 10% (w/v) NaCl prevented the formation of oregano essential oil nano-assemblies of T80, swollen micelles containing TCA were successfully produced. Moreover, the OR or TCA loaded-micelles had only a slight droplet size variation upon thermal treatment. Ultimately, their antibacterial activity analysis against some food pathogens revealed that the encapsulation of OR and TCA within micelles crucially improved their antibacterial activity. These straightforward and cost-effective designed systems can be applicable in different products, including foods and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sedaghat Doost
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research Unit of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, part of Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Myriam Claeys
- Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Paul Van der Meeren
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
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Wang L, Guan X, Zheng C, Wang N, Lu H, Huang Z. New Low-Energy Method for Nanoemulsion Formation: pH Regulation Based on Fatty Acid/Amine Complexes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10082-10090. [PMID: 32787050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phase inversion composition methods and phase inversion temperature methods are the common methods for nanoemulsion formation. The mechanisms governing both PIC and PIT are the same: composition or temperature can trigger a change in the surfactant spontaneous curvature during the emulsification process. It is anticipated that pH may also induce a change in the spontaneous curvature of pH-responsive surfactants to prepare nanoemulsions. Therefore, fatty acid/amine complexes were synthesized through electrostatic interactions. Based on these complexes, nanoemulsions were successfully prepared by pH regulation. Electrical conductivity and pH measurements were employed to determine the phase inversion process. Dynamic light scattering, digital fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to characterize the droplet size and morphology of the nanoemulsion. The effects of complex concentration, NaCl concentration, and pH of the system were investigated. The developed method, phase inversion pH (PIpH) method, is a moderate and easy-control method. Using this method, the size distributions of nanoemulsion are monomodal and narrow. Nanoemulsion prepared by PIpH has a unique pH-responsive behavior that can be controllably regulated among nanoemulsions, emulsions, and phase separation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Cunchuan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
- School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
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Astaraki AM, Shirvani F. The Effect of NaCl Concentration on the Phase Inversion Temperature and Droplet Sizes of Liquid Paraffin Nanoemulsions. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220060191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Sarheed O, Shouqair D, Ramesh KVRNS, Khaleel T, Amin M, Boateng J, Drechsler M. Formation of stable nanoemulsions by ultrasound-assisted two-step emulsification process for topical drug delivery: Effect of oil phase composition and surfactant concentration and loratadine as ripening inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2019; 576:118952. [PMID: 31843549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are very interesting systems as they offer capacity to encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules in a single particle, as well as the controlled release of chemical moieties initially entrapped in the internal droplets. In this study, we propose a new two-step modified ultrasound-assisted phase inversion approaches-phase inversion temperature (PIT) and self-emulsification, to prepare stable o/w nanoemulsions from a fully water-dilutable microemulsion template for the transdermal delivery of loratadine (a hydrophobe and as Ostwald ripening inhibitor). Firstly, the primary water-in-oil microemulsion concentrate (w/o) was formed using loratadine in the oil phase (oleic acid or coconut oil) and Tween 80 in the aqueous phase and by adjusting the PIT around 85 °C followed by stepwise dilution with water at 25 °C to initiate the formation the nanoemulsions (o/w). To assure the long-term stability, a brief application of low frequency ultrasound was employed. Combining the two low energy methods resulted in nanoemulsions prepared by mixing constant surfactant/oil ratios above the PIT with varying water volume fraction (self-emulsification) during the PIT by stepwise dilution. The kinetic stability was evaluated by measuring the droplet size with time by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The droplet size ranged 15-43 nm and did not exceed 100 nm over the period of 6 months indicating the system had high kinetic stability. Cryo-TEM showed that the nanoemulsions droplets were monodispersed and approaching micellar structure and scale. All nanoemulsions had loratadine crystals formed within 20 days after preparation, which tended to sediment during storage. Nanoemulsions improved the in vitro permeation of loratadine through porcine skin up to 20 times compared to the saturated solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sarheed
- RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AlKhaimah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Douha Shouqair
- RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AlKhaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - K V R N S Ramesh
- RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AlKhaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Taha Khaleel
- RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AlKhaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Amin
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Joshua Boateng
- School of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, UK
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, KeyLab "Electron and Optical Microscopy", University of Bayreuth, Germany
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Sharma R, Kumari A, Singh NS, Singh MK, Dubey S, Iqbal N, Patanjali PK. Development and stability enhancement of neem oil based microemulsion formulation using botanical synergist. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Cui G, Wang J, Wang X, Li W, Zhang X. Preparation and Properties of Narrowly Dispersed Polyurethane Nanocapsules Containing Essential Oil via Phase Inversion Emulsification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10799-10807. [PMID: 30256627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Narrowly dispersed polyurethane (PU) nanocapsules containing lavender essential oil (LO) were fabricated by polyaddition of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) trimer with polyol using a phase inversion emulsification technique. The particle size distribution (PSD), surface morphology, structure, encapsulation parameters, release properties, and thermal stability of nanocapsules have been characterized using a laser particle size analyzer (LPSA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the nanocapsules have a smaller size (ca. 268 nm), regular sphericity, uniform particle size (polydispersity index, PDI = 0.078), clear core-shell structure, and smooth surface. When the ratio of LO to TDI trimer is 5:10, the yield, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity of the nanocapsules can reach a maximum of 70.7%, 98.6%, and 64.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the release experiments showed that the cumulative release of LO from nanocapsules was only about 17% at room temperature and about 32% at 50 °C even after 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387 , P. R. China
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9
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Wang B, Cai T, Liu Q, Whitney JCC, Du M, Ma Q, Zhang R, Yang L, Cole SPC, Cai Y. Preparation and evaluation of spirulina polysaccharide nanoemulsions. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1273-1282. [PMID: 29901081 PMCID: PMC6089777 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare spirulina polysaccharide (PSP) into an oral nanoemulsion (NE) with the aim of improving its oral bioavailability and prolonging its sustained release effect. The PSP-NE was prepared through a phase transformation method, and its formulation components were screened through the use of a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The optimal formulation of PSP-NE was determined to be: 11.9% Span 80, 6.0% Tween-80, 9.0% ethanol, 62.8% soybean oil, and 10.3% PSP aqueous solution. The prepared PSP-NE was clear and transparent, had a uniform color and spherical morphology, exhibited stability and no adhesion. The average particle size was 79.93±19 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.185±0.04 (n=3), and the entrapment rate was 62%. Small-animal imaging results showed that the prepared PSP-NE exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution. The present study showed that the prepared PSP-NE not only exhibited a sustained release and tissue effect in contrast to the PSP aqueous solution, but also had superior performance in terms of antitumor and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Tiange Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangzhou Jiayuan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - John Cameron Cole Whitney
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Manling Du
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Susan P C Cole
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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Ghosh S, Ramos L, Remita H. Swollen hexagonal liquid crystals as smart nanoreactors: implementation in materials chemistry for energy applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5793-5819. [PMID: 29547217 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08457a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials are the key roadblocks for the commercialization of energy conversion devices in fuel cells and solar cells. Significant research has focused on tuning the intrinsic properties of materials at the nanometer scale. The soft template mediated controlled fabrication of advanced nanostructured materials is attracting considerable interest due to the promising applications of these materials in catalysis and electrocatalysis. Swollen hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystals (SLCs) consist of oil-swollen surfactant-stabilized 1D, 2D or 3D nanometric assemblies regularly arranged in an aqueous solvent. Interestingly, the characteristic size of the SLCs can be controlled by adjusting the volume ratio of oil to water. The non-polar and/or polar compartments of the SLCs can be doped with guest molecules and used as nanoreactors for the synthesis of various metals (Pt, Pd, Au, etc.), conducting polymers and composite nanostructures with controlled size and shape. 1D, 2D and 3D mono- and bimetallic nanostructures of controlled composition and porosity can also be fabricated. These materials have demonstrated impressive enhancements of their electrochemical properties as compared to their bulk counterparts and have been identified as promising for further implementation in energy harvesting applications. In this review article, recent research materials are described regarding the development of functional materials with much improved performances for catalysis applications. This review addresses a brief overview of swollen hexagonal mesophases as nanoreactors, describes examples of nanostructured materials synthesized in these nanoreactors, shows several examples of the energy conversion applications in solar light harvesting, fuel cells etc. and also summarizes the associated reaction mechanisms developed in the recent literature for enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabanti Ghosh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Laurence Ramos
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hynd Remita
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000-CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France. and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France
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Shah A, Thool P, Sorathiya K, Prajapati H, Dalrymple D, Serajuddin ATM. Effect of different polysorbates on development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems using medium chain lipids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:215-223. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1386202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Prajwal Thool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
- Celgene Corporation, Summit (West), NJ, USA
| | - Komal Sorathiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Hetal Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
- Abon Pharmaceuticals LLC, Northvale, NJ, USA
| | | | - Abu T. M. Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
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12
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Topical Nano and Microemulsions for Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9040037. [PMID: 28934172 PMCID: PMC5750643 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosystems such as microemulsions (ME) and nanoemulsions (NE) offer considerable opportunities for targeted drug delivery to and via the skin. ME and NE are stable colloidal systems composed of oil and water, stabilised by a mixture of surfactants and cosurfactants, that have received particular interest as topical skin delivery systems. There is considerable scope to manipulate the formulation components and characteristics to achieve optimal bioavailability and minimal skin irritancy. This includes the incorporation of established chemical penetration enhancers to fluidize the stratum corneum lipid bilayers, thus reducing the primary skin barrier and increasing permeation. This review discusses nanosystems with utility in skin delivery and focuses on the composition and characterization of ME and NE for topical and transdermal delivery. The mechanism of skin delivery across the stratum corneum and via hair follicles is reviewed with particular focus on the influence of formulation.
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Impact of short-chain alcohols on the formation and stability of nano-emulsions prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Tong K, Zhao C, Sun D. Formation of nanoemulsion with long chain oil by W/O microemulsion dilution method. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Salim N, Ahmad N, Musa SH, Hashim R, Tadros TF, Basri M. Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14946k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion as a potential enhancer for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norazlinaliza Salim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Noraini Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Siti Hajar Musa
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
| | - Rauzah Hashim
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | | | - Mahiran Basri
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University Putra Malaysia
- 43400 UPM Serdang
- Malaysia
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Detailed investigation of nano-emulsions obtained from the Remcopal 4/decane/water system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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17
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An Y, Yan X, Li B, Li Y. Microencapsulation of capsanthin by self-emulsifying nanoemulsions and stability evaluation. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Lee HS, Morrison ED, Frethem CD, Zasadzinski JA, McCormick AV. Cryogenic electron microscopy study of nanoemulsion formation from microemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10826-10833. [PMID: 25141294 DOI: 10.1021/la502207f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examine a process of preparing oil-in-water nanoemulsions by quenching (diluting and cooling) precursor microemulsions made with nonionic surfactants and a cosurfactant. The precursor microemulsion structure is varied by changing the concentration of the cosurfactant. Water-continuous microemulsions produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are small and simple, mostly unilamellar vesicles, but microemulsions that are not water-continuous produce initial nanoemulsion structures that are larger and multilamellar. Examination of these structures by cryo-electron microscopy supports the hypothesis that they are initially vesicular structures formed via lamellar intermediate structures, and that if the lamellar structures are too well ordered they fail to produce small simple structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Seung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Zhang Y, Shang Z, Gao C, Du M, Xu S, Song H, Liu T. Nanoemulsion for solubilization, stabilization, and in vitro release of pterostilbene for oral delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:1000-8. [PMID: 24831090 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterostilbene, being extracted from many plants, has significant biological activities in preventing cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases so as to have great potential applications in pharmaceutical fields. But the poor solubility and stability of pterostilbene strictly restrained its applications. As a good protection and oral delivery system, an optimal nanoemulsion for pterostilbene was developed by using low-energy emulsification method. Systematic pseudo-ternary phase diagrams have been studied in optimization of nanoemulsion formulations. The prepared pterostilbene nanoemulsion was characterized by transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform Raman spectrum, and laser droplet size analyzer. Nanoemulsion droplets are circular with smooth margin, and the mean size is 55.8 ± 10.5 nm. The results illustrated that the nanoemulsion as oral delivery system dramatically improved the stability and solubility of pterostilbene, and in vitro release of pterostilbene was significantly improved (96.5% in pH 3.6 buffer; 13.2% in pH 7.4 buffer) in comparison to the pterostilbene suspension (lower than 21.4% in pH 3.6 buffer; 2.6% in pH 7.4 buffer).
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Lv G, Wang F, Cai W, Zhang X. Characterization of the addition of lipophilic Span 80 to the hydrophilic Tween 80-stabilized emulsions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Pan H, Yu L, Xu J, Sun D. Preparation of highly stable concentrated W/O nanoemulsions by PIC method at elevated temperature. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Xin X, Zhang H, Xu G, Tan Y, Zhang J, Lv X. Influence of CTAB and SDS on the properties of oil-in-water nano-emulsion with paraffin and span 20/Tween 20. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saeio K, Yotsawimonwat S, Anuchapreeda S, Okonogi S. Development of microemulsion of a potent anti-tyrosinase essential oil of an edible plant. Drug Discov Ther 2012; 5:246-52. [PMID: 22466371 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2011.v5.5.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a microemulsion product from a plant essential oil having the highest anti-tyrosinase activity. The in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity of six essential oils extracted from six edible plants was compared. The oil of Cymbopogon citratus demonstrated the highest activity which was significantly nontoxic to normal human cells. The GC-MS data indicated that geranial and neral are the major compounds in the oil. The phase diagram composed of C. citrates oil, water, and surfactant mixture was conducted by a titration method. Ethyl alcohol was found to be the most suitable cosurfactant for the C. citrates oil microemulsion. The results revealed that the amount of oil and water played an important role in microemulsion conductivity and type. The most desirable o/w type of C. citratus oil microemulsion was found to be composed of 20% oil, 30% water, and 50% surfactant mixture of a 2:1 weight ratio of Tween 20 and ethyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Saeio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Solè I, Solans C, Maestro A, González C, Gutiérrez J. Study of nano-emulsion formation by dilution of microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 376:133-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Koroleva MY, Yurtov EV. Nanoemulsions: the properties, methods of preparation and promising applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2012v081n01abeh004219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li J, Zhang J, Han B, Peng L, Yang G. Ionic liquid-in-ionic liquid nanoemulsions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10562-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Investigation of interactions of diluted microemulsions with shale rock and sand by adsorption and wettability measurements. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Yu A, Wang H, Wang J, Cao F, Gao Y, Cui J, Zhai G. Formulation Optimization and Bioavailability After Oral and Nasal Administration in Rabbits of Puerarin-Loaded Microemulsion. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:933-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ting SRS, Min EH, Zetterlund PB. Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Miniemulsion Based on In Situ Surfactant Generation. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene has been implemented in aqueous miniemulsion based on the in situ surfactant generation approach using oleic acid and potassium hydroxide in the absence of high energy mixing. The best results were obtained using the RAFT agent 3-benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sufanylpropionic acid (BSPAC), most likely as a result of the presence of a carboxylic acid functionality in the RAFT agent that renders it surface active and thus imparts increased colloidal stability. Stable final miniemulsions were obtained with no coagulum with particle diameters less than 200 nm. The results demonstrate that the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of styrene employing the low energy in situ surfactant method is challenging, but that a system that proceeds predominantly by a miniemulsion mechanism can be achieved under carefully selected conditions.
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Cheng S, Guo Y, Zetterlund PB. Miniemulsion Polymerization Based on Low Energy Emulsification with Preservation of Initial Droplet Identity. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101574x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Cheng
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yi Guo
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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The preparation of neem oil microemulsion (Azadirachta indica) and the comparison of acaricidal time between neem oil microemulsion and other formulations in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2010; 169:399-403. [PMID: 20304561 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of neem oil microemulsion and its acaricidal activity in vitro was developed in this study. In these systems, the mixture of Tween-80 and the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) (4:1, by weight) was used as compound surfactant; the mixture of compound surfactant and hexyl alcohol (4:1, by weight) was used as emulsifier system; the mixture of neem oil, emulsifier system and water (1:3.5:5.5, by weight) was used as neem oil microemulsion. All the mixtures were stired in 800 rpm for 15 min at 40 degrees C. The acaricidal activity was measured by the speed of kill. The whole lethal time value of 10% neem oil microemulsion was 192.50 min against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae in vitro. The median lethal time value was 81.7463 min with the toxicity regression equations of Y=-6.0269+3.1514X. These results demonstrated that neem oil microemulsion was effective against Sarcoptes scabie var. cuniculi larvae in vitro.
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Henry JV, Fryer PJ, Frith WJ, Norton IT. The influence of phospholipids and food proteins on the size and stability of model sub-micron emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Emulsification mechanism and storage instabilities of hydrocarbon-in-water sub-micron emulsions stabilised with Tweens (20 and 80), Brij 96v and sucrose monoesters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 338:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Wang L, Dong J, Chen J, Eastoe J, Li X. Design and optimization of a new self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 330:443-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Raman IA, Lye OT, Ahmad S, Suhaimi H. 1,2 Hexanediol as an Alternative Cosurfactant for Preparing Palm-Based Microemulsions for Practical Applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701809997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang L, Mutch KJ, Eastoe J, Heenan RK, Dong J. Nanoemulsions prepared by a two-step low-energy process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:6092-6099. [PMID: 18489188 DOI: 10.1021/la800624z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple low-energy two-step dilution process has been applied in oil/surfactant/water systems with pentaoxyethylene lauryl ether (C12E5), dodecyldimethylammonium bromide, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, sodium n-dodecyl sulfate-pentanol, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide-pentanol. Appropriate formulations were chosen for the concentrate to be diluted with water to generate oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions or nanoemulsions. For the system of decane/C12E5/water, bluish, transparent nanoemulsions having droplet radii of the order of 15 nm were formed, only when the initial concentrate was a bicontinuous microemulsion, whereas opaque emulsions were generated if the concentrate began in an emulsion-phase region. Nanoemulsions generated in the system decane/C12E5/water have been investigated both by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The SANS profiles show that nanodroplets exist as spherical core-shell (decane-C12E5) particles, which suffer essentially no structural change on dilution with water, at least for volume fractions phi down to 0.060. These results suggest that the nanoemulsion droplet structure is mainly controlled by the phase behavior of the initial concentrate and is largely independent of dilution. A discrepancy between apparent nanoemulsion droplet sizes was observed by comparing DLS and SANS data, which is consistent with long-range droplet interactions occurring outside of the SANS sensitivity range. These combined phase behavior, SANS, and DLS results suggest a different reason for the stability/instability of nanoemulsions compared with earlier studies, and here it is proposed that a general mechanism for nanoemulsion formation is homogeneous nucleation of oil droplets during the emulsification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Constantinides PP, Chaubal MV, Shorr R. Advances in lipid nanodispersions for parenteral drug delivery and targeting. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:757-67. [PMID: 18096269 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parenteral formulations, particularly intravascular ones, offer a unique opportunity for direct access to the bloodstream and rapid onset of drug action as well as targeting to specific organ and tissue sites. Triglyceride emulsions, liposomes and micellar solutions have been traditionally used to accomplish these tasks and there are several products on the market using these lipid formulations. The broader application of these lipid systems in parenteral drug delivery, however, particularly with new chemical entities, has been limited due primarily to the following reasons: a) only a small number of parenteral lipid excipients are approved, b) there is increasing number of drugs that are partially or not soluble in conventional oils and other lipid solvents, and c) the ongoing requirement for site-specific targeting and controlled drug release. Thus, there is growing need to expand the array of targetable lipid-based systems to deliver a wide variety of drugs and produce stable formulations which can be easily manufactured in a sterile form, are cost-effective and at least as safe and efficacious as the earlier developed systems. These advanced parenteral lipid-based systems are at various stages of preclinical and clinical development which include nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions and polymeric phospholipid micelles. This review article will showcase these parenteral lipid nanosystems and discuss advances in relation to formulation development, processing and manufacturing, and stability assessment. Factors controlling drug encapsulation and release and in vivo biodistribution will be emphasized along with in vitro/in vivo toxicity and efficacy case studies. Emerging lipid excipients and increasing applications of injectable lipid nanocarriers in cancer chemotherapy and other disease indications will be highlighted and in vitro/in vivo case studies will be presented. As these new parenteral lipid systems advance through the clinic and product launch, their therapeutic utility and value will certainly expand.
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Anton N, Benoit JP, Saulnier P. Design and production of nanoparticles formulated from nano-emulsion templates-a review. J Control Release 2008; 128:185-99. [PMID: 18374443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of nanoparticle formulation methods are based on nano-emulsion templates, which in turn are generated in various ways. It must therefore be taken into account that active principles and drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles can potentially be affected by these nano-emulsion formulation processes. Such potential differences may include drug sensitivity to temperature, high-shear devices, or even contact with organic solvents. Likewise, nano-emulsion formulation processes must be chosen in function of the selected therapeutic goals of the nano-carrier suspension and its administration route. This requires the nanoparticle formulation processes (and thus the nano-emulsion formation methods) to be more adapted to the nature of the encapsulated drugs, as well as to the chosen route of administration. Offering a comprehensive review, this paper proposes a link between nano-emulsion formulation methods and nanoparticle generation, while at the same time bearing in mind the above-mentioned parameters for active molecule encapsulation. The first part will deal with the nano-emulsion template through the different formulation methods, i.e. high energy methods on the one hand, and low-energy ones (essentially spontaneous emulsification and the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method) on the other. This will be followed by a review of the different families of nanoparticles (i.e. polymeric or lipid nanospheres and nanocapsules) highlighting the links (or potential links) between these nanoparticles and the different nano-emulsion formulation methods upon which they are based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Anton
- Inserm U646, Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire, 10 rue A. Boquel, F-49100 Angers, France.
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Anton N, Benoit JP, Saulnier P. Particular conductive behaviors of emulsion phase inverting. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(08)50015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Anton N, Gayet P, Benoit JP, Saulnier P. Nano-emulsions and nanocapsules by the PIT method: An investigation on the role of the temperature cycling on the emulsion phase inversion. Int J Pharm 2007; 344:44-52. [PMID: 17592746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the phenomenological understanding of temperature cycling process, applied to the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method. The role of this particular thermal treatment on emulsions phase inversion, as well as its ability to generate nano-emulsions have been investigated. In order to propose a general study, we have based our investigations on a given formulation of nano-emulsions classically proposed in the literature [Heurtault, B., Saulnier, P., Pech, B., Proust, J. E., Benoit, J.P., 2002. A novel phase inversion-based process for the preparation of lipid nanocarriers. Pharm. Res. 19, 875; Lamprecht, A., Bouligand, Y, Benoit, J.P., 2002. New lipid nanocapsules exhibit sustained release properties for amiodarone. J. Control. Release 84, 59-68], using a polyethoxylated model nonionic surfactant, a polyoxyehtylene-660-12-hydroxy stearate, stabilizing the emulsion composed of caprilic triglycerides (triglycerides medium chains), salt water (and also phospholipidic amphiphiles neutral for the formulation). Characterization of nano-emulsions was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) which provides the hydrodynamic diameter, but also the polydispersity index (PDI), as a fundamental criteria to judge the quality of the dispersion. Another aspect of the characterization was done following the emulsion inversion and structure by electrical conductivity through the temperature scan. Overall, the role such a temperature cycling process on the formulation of nano-emulsions appears to be relatively important, and globally enhanced as the surfactant concentration is lowered. Actually, both the hydrodynamic diameter and the PDI decrease as a function of the number and temperature cycles up to stabilize a steady state. Eventually, such a cycling process allows the generation of nano-emulsions in ranges of compositions largely expanded when compared with the classical PIT method. These general and interesting trends emerge from the results, are discussed and essentially explained by regarding the behavior of the nonionic surfactants towards the water/oil interface, linking partitioning coefficients, temperature variation, and surfactant water/oil interfacial concentration. In that way, this paper proposes new insights into the phenomena governing the PIT method, by originally investigating the temperature cycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Anton
- University of Angers, Inserm U646, Ingénierie de la vectorisation particulaire, 10 rue A. Boquel, F-49100 Angers, France.
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Wang L, Li X, Zhang G, Dong J, Eastoe J. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions for pesticide formulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 314:230-5. [PMID: 17612555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A two-step process for formation of nanoemulsions in the system water/poly(oxyethylene) nonionic surfactant/methyl decanoate at 25 degrees C is described. First, all the components were mixed at a certain composition to prepare a microemulsion concentrate, which was rapidly subjected into a large dilution into water to generate an emulsion. Bluish transparent oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions were formed only when the concentrate was located in the bicontinuous microemulsion (BC) or oil-in-water microemulsion (Wm) region. The existence of an optimum oil-to-surfactant ratio (R(os)) in the BC or Wm region indicates that both the phase behavior and the composition of the concentrate are important factors in nanoemulsion formation. To demonstrate potential applications of these systems, they were employed to formulate a water-insoluble pesticide, beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). The nanoemulsion was compared with a commercial beta-CP microemulsion in terms of the stability of sprayed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, low viscosity, and isotropic dispersions consisting of oil and water stabilized by an interfacial film of surfactant molecules, typically in conjunction with a cosurfactant. Microemulsions (so-called due to their small particle size; 5-100 nm) have found application in a wide variety of systems, such as pharmaceutical and oil recovery, but their application in food systems has been hindered by the types of surfactant permissible for use in food. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the structures and phase behavior of microemulsions, methods of microemulsion formation, and techniques which may be used for characterization. A comprehensive review of previous work on both food-grade microemulsion systems, and non-food-grade systems of specific food interest is included. The application of microemulsions as reaction media, their ability to solubilize proteins and hence their use as a separation technique is also documented. In addition, attention is focused on the application of microemulsions as delivery systems for delivery of bioactive compounds, and the links between microemulsions and increased bioavailability. Future research, both applied and fundamental, should focus on surfactants which are not restricted for use in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Flanagan
- Riddet Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. j.flanagan@ massey.ac.nz
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Lamaallam S, Bataller H, Dicharry C, Lachaise J. Formation and stability of miniemulsions produced by dispersion of water/oil/surfactants concentrates in a large amount of water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Investigations of the dynamics of morphological transitions in amphiphilic systems. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2004.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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