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Sarkisian SR, Ang RE, Lee AM, Berdahl JP, Heersink SB, Burden JH, Doan LV, Stephens KG, Applegate D, Kothe AC, Usner DW, Katz LJ, Navratil T. Travoprost Intracameral Implant for Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: 12-Month Results of a Randomized, Double-Masked Trial. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:995-1014. [PMID: 38345710 PMCID: PMC10912401 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-masked pivotal phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the travoprost intracameral SE-implant (slow-eluting implant, the intended commercial product) and FE-implant (fast-eluting implant, included primarily for masking purposes) compared to twice-daily (BID) timolol ophthalmic solution, 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS The trial enrolled adult patients with OAG or OHT with an unmedicated mean diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≥ 21 and unmedicated IOP ≤ 36 mmHg at each diurnal timepoint (8 A.M., 10 A.M., and 4 P.M.) at baseline. The eligible eye of each patient was administered an SE-implant, an FE-implant or had a sham administration procedure. Patients who received an implant were provided placebo eye drops to be administered BID and patients who had the sham procedure were provided timolol eye drops to be administered BID. The primary efficacy endpoint, for which the study was powered, was mean change from baseline IOP at 8 A.M. and 10 A.M. at day 10, week 6, and month 3. Non-inferiority was achieved if the upper 95% confidence interval (CI) on the difference in IOP change from baseline (implant minus timolol) was < 1.5 mmHg at all six timepoints and < 1 mmHg at three or more timepoints. The key secondary endpoint was mean change from baseline IOP at 8 A.M. and 10 A.M. at month 12. Non-inferiority at month 12 was achieved if the upper 95% CI was < 1.5 mmHg at both timepoints. Safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and ophthalmic assessments. RESULTS A total of 590 patients were enrolled at 45 sites and randomized to one of three treatment groups: 197 SE-implant (the intended commercial product), 200 FE-implant, and 193 timolol. The SE-implant was non-inferior to timolol eye drops in IOP lowering over the first 3 months, and was also non-inferior to timolol at months 6, 9, and 12. The FE-implant was non-inferior to timolol over the first 3 months, and also at months 6 and 9. Of those patients who were on glaucoma medication at screening, a significantly greater proportion of patients in the SE- and FE-implant groups (83.5% and 78.7%, respectively) compared to the timolol group (23.9%) were on fewer topical glaucoma medications at month 12 compared to screening (P < 0.0001, chi-square test). TEAEs, mostly mild, were reported in the study eyes of 39.5% of patients in the SE-implant group, 34.0% of patients in the FE-implant group and 20.1% of patients in the timolol group. CONCLUSIONS The SE-travoprost intracameral implant demonstrated non-inferiority to timolol over 12 months whereas the FE-implant demonstrated non-inferiority over 9 months. Both implant models were safe and effective in IOP lowering in patients with OAG or OHT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT03519386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Sarkisian
- Oklahoma Eye Surgeons, PLLC, 5600 N Portland Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73112, USA
| | - Robert E Ang
- Asian Eye Institute, 8th to 10th Floor, Rockwell Center, PHINMA Plaza Building, 01200, Makati City, Philippines
| | - Andy M Lee
- Total Eye Care, 388 E. Hwy 67, Duncanville, TX, 75137, USA
| | - John P Berdahl
- Vance Thompson Vision, 3101 West 57th Street, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Sebastian B Heersink
- Eye Center South, DBA Trinity Research Group, 2800 Ross Clark Circle, Dothan, AL, 36301, USA
| | - James H Burden
- Skyline Vision Clinic and Laser Center, 3155 North Union Boulevard, Colorado Springs, CO, 80907, USA
| | - Long V Doan
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Kerry G Stephens
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - David Applegate
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Angela C Kothe
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Dale W Usner
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - L Jay Katz
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Tomas Navratil
- Glaukos Corporation, One Glaukos Way, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA.
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Cordeiro MF, Gandolfi S, Gugleta K, Normando EM, Oddone F. How latanoprost changed glaucoma management. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e140-e155. [PMID: 37350260 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is currently considered one of the leading causes of severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Topical medical therapy represents the treatment of choice for many glaucoma patients. Introduction of latanoprost, 25 years ago, with an entirely new mechanism of action from that of the antiglaucoma drugs used up to that time was a very important milestone. Since then, due mainly to their efficacy, limited systemic side effects and once daily dosing, prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) have become as the first-choice treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma. PGAs are in general terms well tolerated, although they are associated with several mild to moderate ocular and periocular adverse events. Among them, conjunctival hyperemia, eyelash changes, eyelid pigmentation, iris pigmentation and hypertrichosis around the eyes are the most prevalent. The objective of this paper is to review the role of PGAs in the treatment of glaucoma over the 25 years since the launch of Latanoprost and their impact on clinical practice outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Irish Clinical Oncology Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Eduardo M Normando
- Department of Surgery & Cancer, Irish Clinical Oncology Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Sarkisian SR, Ang RE, Lee AM, Berdahl JP, Heersink SB, Burden JH, Doan LV, Stephens KG, Kothe AC, Usner DW, Katz LJ, Navratil T. Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Travoprost Intraocular Implant in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00161-1. [PMID: 38423216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of 2 models of the travoprost intraocular implant (fast-eluting [FE] and slow-eluting [SE] types) from 1 of 2 phase 3 trials (the GC-010 trial). DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled, noninferiority trial. PARTICIPANTS Patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension having an unmedicated baseline mean diurnal IOP (average of 8 am, 10 am, and 4 pm time points) of ≥ 21 mmHg, and IOP of ≤ 36 mmHg at each of the 8 am, 10 am, and 4 pm timepoints at baseline. METHODS Study eyes were randomized to the travoprost intraocular implant (FE implant [n = 200] or SE implant [n = 197] model) or to timolol ophthalmic solution 0.5% twice daily (n = 193). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was mean change from baseline IOP in the study eye at 8 am and 10 am, at each of day 10, week 6, and month 3. Safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and ophthalmic assessments. RESULTS Mean IOP reduction from baseline over the 6 time points ranged from 6.6 to 8.4 mmHg for the FE implant group, from 6.6 to 8.5 mmHg for the SE implant group, and from 6.5 to 7.7 mmHg for the timolol group. The primary efficacy end point was met; the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of the difference between the implant groups and the timolol group was < 1 mmHg at all 6 time points. Study eye AEs, most of mild or moderate severity, were reported in 21.5%, 27.2%, and 10.8% of patients in the FE implant, SE implant, and timolol groups, respectively. The most common AEs included iritis (FE implant, 0.5%; SE implant, 5.1%), ocular hyperemia (FE implant, 3.0%; SE implant, 2.6%), reduced visual acuity (FE implant, 1.0%; SE implant, 4.1%; timolol, 0.5%), and IOP increased (FE implant, 3.5%; SE implant, 2.6%; timolol, 2.1%). One serious study eye AE occurred (endophthalmitis). CONCLUSIONS The travoprost intraocular implant demonstrated robust IOP reduction over the 3-month primary efficacy evaluation period after a single administration. The IOP-lowering efficacy in both implant groups was statistically and clinically noninferior to that in the timolol group, with a favorable safety profile. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James H Burden
- Skyline Vision Clinic and Laser Center, Colorado Springs, Colorado
| | - Long V Doan
- Glaukos Corporation, Aliso Viejo, California
| | | | | | | | - L Jay Katz
- Glaukos Corporation, Aliso Viejo, California
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Patton GN, Lee HJ. Chemical Insights into Topical Agents in Intraocular Pressure Management: From Glaucoma Etiopathology to Therapeutic Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:274. [PMID: 38399328 PMCID: PMC10891530 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma encompasses a group of optic neuropathies characterized by complex and often elusive etiopathology, involvihttng neurodegeneration of the optic nerve in conjunction with abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP). Currently, there is no cure for glaucoma, and treatment strategies primarily aim to halt disease progression by managing IOP. This review delves into the etiopathology, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches for glaucoma, with a special focus on IOP management. We discuss a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients used in glaucoma therapy, emphasizing their chemical structure, pharmacological action, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety/tolerability profiles. Notably, most of these therapeutic agents are administered as topical formulations, a critical aspect considering patient compliance and drug delivery efficiency. The classes of glaucoma therapeutics covered in this review include prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Rho kinase inhibitors, and miotic (cholinergic) agents. This comprehensive overview highlights the importance of topical administration in glaucoma treatment, offering insights into the current state and future directions of pharmacological management in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea;
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Husain A, Monga J, Narwal S, Singh G, Rashid M, Afzal O, Alatawi A, Almadani NM. Prodrug Rewards in Medicinal Chemistry: An Advance and Challenges Approach for Drug Designing. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301169. [PMID: 37833241 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This article emphasizes the importance of prodrugs and their diverse spectrum of effects in the field of developing novel drugs for a variety of biological applications. Prodrugs are chemicals that are supplied inactively, but then go through enzymatic and chemical transformation in vivo to release the active parent medication that can have the desired pharmacological effect. By adding an inactive chemical moiety, prodrugs are improved in a number of ways that contribute to their potency and durability. For the purpose of illustrating the usefulness of the prodrug approach, this review covers examples of prodrugs that have been made available or are now undergoing human trials. Additionally, it included lists of the most common functional groups, carrier linkers, and reactive chemicals that can be used to create prodrugs. The current study also provides a brief introduction, several chemical methods and modifications for creating prodrugs and mutual prodrugs, as well as an explanation of recent advancements and difficulties in the field of prodrug design. The primary chemical carriers employed in the creation of prodrugs, such as esters, amides, imides, NH-acidic carriers, amines, alcohols, carbonyl, carboxylic, and azo-linkages, are also discussed. This review also discusses glycosidic and triglyceride mutually activated prodrugs, which aim to deliver the drugs after bioconversion at the intended site of action. The article also discusses the extensive chemistry and wide variety of applications of recently approved prodrugs, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, antiplatelet, antihypertensive, atherosclerotic, antiviral, etc. In order to illustrate the prodrug and mutual drug concept's various applications and highlight its many triumphs in overcoming the formulation and delivery of problematic pharmaceuticals, this work represents a thorough guide that includes the synthetic moiety for the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110064, India
| | - Jyoti Monga
- Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Jagadhri, 135003, Haryana, India
| | - Smita Narwal
- Global Research Institute of Pharmacy, Nachraun, Radaur, 135133, Haryana, India
| | - Gurvirender Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahhman Alatawi
- Clinical Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care Department, King Fahad Specialized Hospital, Tabuk, 47717, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M Almadani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 47914, Saudi Arabia
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Scuteri D, Pocobelli G, Sakurada Y, Russo R, Tonin P, Nicotera P, Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT, Nucci C. Effect of genotype on individual response to the pharmacological treatment of glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Direct 2023; 18:66. [PMID: 37833756 PMCID: PMC10576330 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The social impact of glaucoma is worth of note: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, affecting some 68.56 million people with overall prevalence of 2.4%. Since one of the main risk factors for the development of POAG is the increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) causing retinal ganglion cells death, the medical treatment of POAG consists in the use of drugs endowed with neuroprotective effect and able to reduce IOP. These drugs include beta-blockers, prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, alpha or cholinergic agonists and rho kinase inhibitors. However, not all the patients respond to the same extent to the therapy in terms of efficacy and safety. Genetics and genome wide association studies have highlighted the occurrence of mutations and polymorphisms influencing the predisposition to develop POAG and its phenotype, as well as affecting the response to pharmacological treatment. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims at identifying genetic variants and at verifying whether these can influence the responsiveness of patients to therapy for efficacy and safety. It follows the most updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 recommendations. The literature search was conducted consulting the most relevant scientific databases, i.e. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base up to June 14th, 2023. The search retrieved 1026 total records, among which eight met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The results demonstrated that the most investigated pharmacogenetic associations concern latanoprost and timolol, and that efficacy was studied more in depth than safety. Moreover, the heterogeneity of design and paucity of studies prompt further investigation in randomized clinical trials. In fact, adequately powered and designed pharmacogenetic association studies are needed to provide body of evidence with good certainty for a more appropriate use of medical therapy in POAG.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023434867.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Giulio Pocobelli
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoichi Sakurada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3821 Japan
| | - Rossella Russo
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Nicotera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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smProdrugs: A repository of small molecule prodrugs. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115153. [PMID: 36724634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In modern drug discovery and development, the prodrug approach has become a crucial strategy for enhancing the pharmacokinetic profiles of drugs. A prodrug is a chemical compound, which gets metabolized into a pharmacologically active form (drug) inside the body after its administration. In the current work, we report 'smProdrugs' (http://cheminfolab.in/databases/prodrug/), which is one of the first exclusive databases on small molecule prodrugs. It stores the structures, physicochemical properties and experimental ADMET data manually curated from literature. SmProdrugs lists 626 small molecule prodrugs and their active compounds with the above mentioned experimental data from 1808 research articles and 61 patents have been stored. The information page of each record gives the structures and properties of the prodrug and the active drug side by side which makes it easy for the user to instantly compare them. The structural modifications in the prodrug/active drugs are highlighted in a different colour for easy comparison. Experimental data has been curated from the downloaded PubMed and patent articles and were catalogued in a tabular form with more than 25 fields under sub-sections i) name and structures of the prodrugs and their active compounds, ii) mode of activation of the prodrug and enzyme/biocatalyst involved in the conversion, iii) indications/disease, iv) pharmacological target, v) experimental pharmacokinetic properties such as solubility, absorption, volume of distribution, half-life, clearance etc. and vi) information on the purpose/gain from the prodrug strategies. Considering the ever expanding utility of the prodrug approach smProdrugs will be of great use to the scientific community working on rational design of small molecule prodrugs.
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Belamkar A, Harris A, Zukerman R, Siesky B, Oddone F, Verticchio Vercellin A, Ciulla TA. Sustained release glaucoma therapies: Novel modalities for overcoming key treatment barriers associated with topical medications. Ann Med 2022; 54:343-358. [PMID: 35076329 PMCID: PMC8794062 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1955146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and a leading cause of irreversible blindness. The disease has conventionally been characterized by an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); however, recent research has built the consensus that glaucoma is not only dependent on IOP but rather represents a multifactorial optic neuropathy. Although many risk factors have been identified ranging from demographics to co-morbidities to ocular structural predispositions, IOP is currently the only modifiable risk factor, most often treated by topical IOP-lowering medications. However, topical hypotensive regimens are prone to non-adherence and are largely inefficient, leading to disease progression in spite of treatment. As a result, several companies are developing sustained release (SR) drug delivery systems as alternatives to topical delivery to potentially overcome these barriers. Currently, Bimatoprost SR (DurystaTM) from Allergan plc is the only FDA-approved SR therapy for POAG. Other SR therapies under investigation include: bimatoprost ocular ring (Allergan) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01915940), iDose® (Glaukos Corporation) (NCT03519386), ENV515 (Envisia Therapeutics) (NCT02371746), OTX-TP (Ocular Therapeutix) (NCT02914509), OTX-TIC (Ocular Therapeutix) (NCT04060144), and latanoprost free acid SR (PolyActiva) (NCT04060758). Additionally, a wide variety of technologies for SR therapeutics are under investigation including ocular surface drug delivery systems such as contact lenses and nanotechnology. While challenges remain for SR drug delivery technology in POAG management, this technology may shift treatment paradigms and dramatically improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Belamkar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Zukerman
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Opthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brent Siesky
- Department of Opthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas A Ciulla
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Vitreoretinal Medicine and Surgery, Midwest Eye Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Zhou L, Zhan W, Wei X. Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of prostaglandin analogues in glaucoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015338. [PMID: 36313286 PMCID: PMC9596770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the main cause of irreversible visual loss worldwide, and comprises a group of progressive, age-related, and chronic optic neuropathies. Prostaglandin analogs are considered a first-line treatment in the management of glaucoma and have the best efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure. When comparing these therapeutic agents between them, long-term therapy with 0.03% bimatoprost is the most effective followed by treatment with 0.005% latanoprost and 0.004% travoprost. The prevalence of adverse events is lower for latanoprost than for other prostaglandin analogs. However, some patients do not respond to the treatment with prostaglandin analogs (non-responders). Intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy differs significantly between individuals partly owing to genetic factors. Rs1045642 in ABCB1, rs4241366 in SLCO2A1, rs9503012 in GMDS, rs10306114 in PTGS1, rs11568658 in MRP4, rs10786455 and rs6686438 in PTGFR were reported to be positive with the response to prostaglandin analogs in patients with glaucoma. A negative association was found between single nucleotide polymorphisms of PTGFR (rs11578155 and rs6672484) and the response to prostaglandin analogs in patients with glaucoma. The current review is an analysis of the information relevant to prostaglandin analog treatments based on previous literatures. It describes in detail the clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of drugs belonging to this therapeutical class to provide a sound pharmacological basis for their proper use in ophthalmological clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyi Zhan
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Strickland RG, Garner MA, Gross AK, Girkin CA. Remodeling of the Lamina Cribrosa: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158068. [PMID: 35897642 PMCID: PMC9329908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The chronic disease is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and vision field loss. The reduction of intraocular pressure remains the only proven glaucoma treatment, but it does not prevent further neurodegeneration. There are three major classes of cells in the human optic nerve head (ONH): lamina cribrosa (LC) cells, glial cells, and scleral fibroblasts. These cells provide support for the LC which is essential to maintain healthy retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons. All these cells demonstrate responses to glaucomatous conditions through extracellular matrix remodeling. Therefore, investigations into alternative therapies that alter the characteristic remodeling response of the ONH to enhance the survival of RGC axons are prevalent. Understanding major remodeling pathways in the ONH may be key to developing targeted therapies that reduce deleterious remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Strickland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Mary Anne Garner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Alecia K. Gross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (R.G.S.); (M.A.G.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Christopher A. Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-325-8620
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Silva-Alarcon S, Valencia C, Newball L, Saldarriaga W, Castillo A. Molecular Variants in Genes related to the Response to Ocular Hypotensive Drugs in an Afro-Colombian Population. Open Ophthalmol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743641-v16-e2205250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
This study aimed to conduct an exploratory analysis of the pharmacogenomic variants involved in ocular hypotensive drugs to understand the individual differential response in an Afro-descendant population.
Background:
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The pharmacologic treatment available consists of lowering intraocular pressure by administering topical drugs. In Asian and Caucasian people, pharmacogenomic variants associated with the efficacy of these treatments have been identified. However, in Afro-descendant populations, there is a profound gap in this knowledge.
Objective:
This study identified the pharmacogenomic variants related to ocular hypotensive efficacy treatment in Afro-descendant individuals from the Archipelago of San Andres and Providence, Colombia.
Methods:
An analysis of whole-exome sequencings (WES), functional annotation, and clinical significance was performed for pharmacogenomic variants reported in PharmGKB databases; in turn, an in silico available prediction analysis was carried out for the novel variants.
Results:
We identified six out of 18 non-synonymous variants with a clinical annotation in PharmGKB. Five were classified as level three evidence for the hypotensive drugs; rs1801252 and rs1801253 in the ADRB1 gene and rs1042714 in the ADRB2 gene. These pharmacogenomic variants have been involved in a lack of efficacy of topical beta-blockers and higher systolic and diastolic pressure under treatment with ophthalmic timolol drug. The rs1045642 in the ABCB1 gene was associated with greater efficacy of treatments with latanoprost drug. Also, we found the haplotypes *17 for CYP2D6 and *10 for CYP2C19; both related to reducing the enzyme activity to timolol drug metabolization. In addition, we observed 50 novel potentially actionable variants; 36 synonymous, two insertion variants that caused frameshift mutations, and 12 non-synonymous, where five were predicted to be pathogenic based on several pathogenicity predictions.
Conclusion:
Our results suggested that the pharmacogenomic variants were found to decrease the ocular hypotensive efficacy treatment in a Colombian Afro-descendant population and revealed a significant proportion of novel variants with a potential to influence drug response.
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12
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Glaucoma Treatment Outcomes in Open Angle Glaucoma Patients of African Descent. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:479-487. [PMID: 35353787 PMCID: PMC9246921 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Open angle glaucoma (OAG), characterized by structural changes to the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer, is a progressive multifactorial optic neuropathy and a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Currently, intraocular pressure is the only modifiable risk factor; however, others have been identified, including genetics and race. Importantly, OAG is much more prevalent in persons of African descent (AD) compared with those of European descent (ED). OAG patients of AD are also known to have a more severe course of the disease, a finding potentially explained by structural and/or vascular differences within eye tissues. In addition, disparities in treatment outcomes have been identified in OAG patients of AD. Specifically, prostaglandin analogues have been suggested to be more effective in patients of AD than in those ED, while beta-adrenergic receptors have been suggested to be less effective, although the evidence is inconsistent. AD has also been identified as a risk factor for trabeculectomy failure while laser trabeculoplasty has been conversely found to be very effective in lowering intraocular pressure in patients of AD. Alternative surgical options, including Ex-Press shunt implantation, viscocanalostomy, and canaloplasty are promising in equivalence but require further research to evaluate disparity in outcome properly. In addition to treatment outcomes, social disparities affecting clinical care also exist for AD persons in the form of reduced adherence, access, and choice. Overall, data suggest the need for properly designed prospective trials with AD populations as a primary focus to identify the potential mechanisms driving disparities in treatment and address overall potential bias in glaucoma management.
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13
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Abstract
Prostaglandins are widely used in medicine as active physiological agents that form a new class of drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, some forms of bronchial asthma, as well as in gynecology and ophthalmology. Development of aseptic inflammation is an example of intracellular process, in which the produced prostaglandins are able to and do cause vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, pain and fever. These effects of prostaglandins and leukotrienes characterize the classic picture of inflammation, including the aseptic one. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can provide therapeutic effect via inhibition of prostaglandin secretion. Prostaglandins play a special role in glaucoma treatment. Prostaglandin analogues are powerful agents that decrease IOP by 20-40% with a unique mechanism of action. Prostaglandin analogues have a well-balanced safety profile, which is why they are considered as a first line of therapy. However, patients with inflammatory diseases in anamnesis, such as uveitis, herpes, keratitis, as well as patients with planned cataract extraction should be careful when using prostaglandin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Erichev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Liu F, Zhuang Z, Qian Q, Zhang X, Yang C. Ru-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation or Catalyst-Free Hydroalkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes Enabled by Visible Light. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2730-2739. [PMID: 35133834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-induced defluorinative, alkylation or metal-free hydroalkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes enabled by visible light was developed. This protocol provided a mild and practical approach to important and novel monofluoroalkenes and difluoromethylene-containing compounds with moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Katsanos A, Riva I, Bozkurt B, Holló G, Quaranta L, Oddone F, Irkec M, Dutton GN, Konstas AG. A new look at the safety and tolerability of prostaglandin analogue eyedrops in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:525-539. [PMID: 34666576 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.1996560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last 25 years, topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) have emerged to become first line and first choice therapeutic options in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT). Although the short-term efficacy and safety of PGAs has been extensively investigated, less is known about their long term safety and tolerability. This gap in current knowledge is clinically relevant, because treatment-related adverse events and long-term tolerability issues are key determinants of the overall success of long-term therapy and the final outcome of a lifelong, symptomless disease like glaucoma. AREAS COVERED We include selected evidence pertaining to the safety and tolerability of available and emerging PGA formulations. We also outline PGA formulations with different concentrations of the active ingredient, different preservatives, and preservative-free (PF) options. EXPERT OPINION Undoubtedly PGAs will continue to play a major role in the medical therapy of glaucoma and OHT. Despite extensive literature and prolonged clinical experience with these agents worldwide, a number of areas that warrant further research have been identified in the present review. Recently launched novel PGAs, or those still in development offer new opportunities and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Katsanos
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ivano Riva
- Istituto Clinico Sant'Anna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Banu Bozkurt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gábor Holló
- Tutkimusz Ltd, Solymar, Hungary.,Eye Center, Prima Medica Health Centers, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luciano Quaranta
- Department of Surgical and Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia, Irccs Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Murat Irkec
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gordon N Dutton
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anastasios G Konstas
- 1st and 3rd University Departments of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Arfaee F, Armin A. A comparison between the effect of topical tafluprost and latanoprost on intraocular pressure in healthy male guinea pigs. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Napo A, Aboubakar H, Sidibe M, Tounkara CFM, Konaté D, Nadio T, Coulibaly A, Togo M, Sidibe F, Boro A, Keita F, Sylla F, Traore L, Le Mer Y, Cochereau I, Nordmann JP. [Efficacy and tolerance of Latanoprost given as a first intention in the treatment of primitive open angle glaucoma in African melanoderm]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1223-1228. [PMID: 34281763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reduction in IOP and ocular symptoms in patients newly diagnosed with POAG and treated with latanoprost as monotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHOD A multicentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. We included adults newly diagnosed with POAG. All patients received one drop of preserved latanoprost 0.005% in each eye every night for 12 weeks. Changes in IOP and ophthalmic signs and symptoms were assessed during and at the end of treatment. RESULTS A total of 524 patients were included, with a participation rate of 93% at 12 weeks. The mean age was 52.79±17.33 years, and the sex ratio M/F was 1.39. At inclusion, the mean IOP was 21.68±9.72mmHg. After 2 weeks of treatment, the mean IOP was 15.49±5.81mmHg, for a reduction of 28.55%. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean IOP was 13.16±3.54mmHg, for a reduction of 39.30%. The main symptom recorded was a gritty foreign body sensation, the frequency of which was 4.72% at W2 and 2.45% at W12. The main sign was hyperemia (4.33% at W2 and 1.84% at W12). CONCLUSION Latanoprost given as first-line monotherapy in POAG in blacks considerably reduces IOP. The incidence of side effects remains low; it is higher at the start of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Napo
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
| | - H Aboubakar
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - M Sidibe
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - C F M Tounkara
- Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune III et de la Commune IV
| | - D Konaté
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - T Nadio
- Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune III et de la Commune IV
| | - A Coulibaly
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - M Togo
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - F Sidibe
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - A Boro
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - F Keita
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - F Sylla
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - L Traore
- IOTA, université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Y Le Mer
- Fondation ophtalmologique Adolphe-Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - I Cochereau
- Fondation ophtalmologique Adolphe-Rothschild, Paris, France
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18
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Mincione F, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Advances in the discovery of novel agents for the treatment of glaucoma. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1209-1225. [PMID: 33914670 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1922384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a neuropathy characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), is the major cause of blindness worldwide and its treatment aims at reducing IOP. AREAS COVERED The authors review the design of the main classes of anti-glaucoma agents. Drugs which interfere with the aqueous humor secretion (adrenergic agonists/antagonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) and with its outflow, by means of both conventional and non-conventional pathways (prostaglandin (PG) analogs, rho kinase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) donors) as well as new agents (adenosine receptors modulators, melatonin - fatty acid amide hydrolase hybrids, tyrosine kinase activators, natriuretic peptide analogs) are considered. EXPERT OPINION The anti-glaucoma drug field has undergone several developments in recent years with the approval of at least three new drugs belonging to novel pharmacological classes, the rho kinase inhibitors ripasudil and netarsudil, and the PG-NO donor hybrid latanoprostene bunod. Eye drops with combinations of two different drugs are also available, allowing for effective IOP control, with once daily administration for some of them, which assures a better patient compliance and ease of administration. Overall, after more than a decade without new anti-glaucoma drugs, the last year afforded interesting new pharmacological opportunities for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mincione
- U.O. Oculistica Az. USL 3, Val Di Nievole, Ospedale Di Pescia, Pescia, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università Degli Studi Di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione Di Scienze Farmaceutiche E Nutraceutiche, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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19
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Nagendran ST, Ali MJ, Dogru M, Malhotra R. Complications and Adverse Effects of Periocular Aesthetic Treatments. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:741-757. [PMID: 33933438 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The popularity and variety of temporary and permanent periocular aesthetic treatments has increased over the past decade. Patients frequently present to eye clinics with ocular complications and side effects following these treatments, their severity ranging from ocular irritation from dry eyes to visual loss from vascular occlusion. A careful, thorough history is essential, as many patients may not associate aesthetic procedures with ocular complications, and some may be embarrassed to disclose this information. All ophthalmologists should understand the potential ocular sequelae of these treatments and be able to initiate treatment in sight-threatening cases. Wesummarises the current literature on ophthalmic complications of the most common periocular aesthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali T Nagendran
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Murat Dogru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom.
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20
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Shah JV, Albors GO, Williams J, Yuan Q, Milla E, Firestone MI, Simón G, Irazoqui PP. Clinical Study of the IOPTx™ System - an Electroceutical Wearable to Lower Intraocular Pressure. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1531-1538. [PMID: 33826436 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1904999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the IOPTx™ system - a novel wearable, electroceutical treatment to lower intraocular pressure. Methods: Patients wear the customized contact lens and spectacles of the IOPTx™ system and undergo three 15-minute randomized stimulation trials at different stimulus amplitudes with 15 minutes of rest in between. The parameters for the stimulation trials include a frequency of 50 Hz, a pulse width of 100 µs, and current amplitudes between 90-150 µA. The optometrist measures the intraocular pressure (IOP) before, immediately after, and 15 minutes after the trial, and performs topography, a slit eye examination, and specular microscopy before and after the entire study to check the health of the eye and confirm the safety of the system. Results: The IOPTx™ system successfully modulates a patient's IOP. By testing various currents, we create individual tuning curves examining the effect of the stimulation amplitude on the change in IOP. Each patient may have an optimal dose-response curve and by normalizing to this value, the IOPTx™ system decreased IOP by an average of 17.7% with fifteen minutes of therapy. No Adverse Events or Adverse Device Effects occurred.Conclusions: The results of this clinical case series provide preliminary evidence of efficacy and safety of the IOPTx™ system and its potential usefulness to lower IOP in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay V Shah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Bionode LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gabriel O Albors
- Bionode LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jack Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Quan Yuan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Elena Milla
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Simón
- Bionode LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Simón Ophthalmology Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro P Irazoqui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Bionode LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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21
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Wang H, Masselos K, Kalloniatis M, Phu J. Headaches related to latanoprost in open-angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 104:625-633. [PMID: 33689660 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1878846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical relevance: The existing notion that topical latanoprost can lead to symptoms of headaches by reporting three cases of headache symptoms that developed following instillation of latanoprost prescribed as first-line therapy for newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is explored in this case series.Background: Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) are often used as first-line treatment in the treatment of POAG. An uncommon and infrequently reported side effect of PGAs is headaches.Methods: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted on patients seen at the Centre for Eye Health between April 2016 and August 2017. Clinical findings, including outcomes following interventions such a punctal occlusion, as well as the proposed pharmacological mechanism underlying this phenomenon are presented and discussed.Results: Case 1 is a 62-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with POAG and prescribed latanoprost in both eyes. At the follow-up visit, he reported waking up in with a dull throbbing headache following instillation of the eye drops the night before. Case 2 is a 58-year-old Asian male with POAG prescribed latanoprost to both eyes. Within a week, he developed symptoms of recurrent progressively worsening headaches post-instillation which persisted into the morning. Case 3 is a 75-year-old Caucasian male with POAG prescribed latanoprost for both eyes. He developed latanoprost sensitivity as well as headache symptoms associated with the eye drops which resolved followed its cessation. All patients reported initial symptoms of headaches associated with latanoprost use however the headaches were not persistent with intermittent punctal occlusion (cases 1 and 2) or intra-class drug rechallenge (case 3).Conclusion: Although there may be a yet-undiscovered link between a headache response and latanoprost, these cases call to question the pharmacological relationship between latanoprost and headache symptoms. A systemic approach to critically examine the pathophysiological link between pharmacological therapy and potential adverse effects is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Wang
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Masselos
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Ophthalmology Department, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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22
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Hou P, Gao P, Yang Q, Zheng F, Peng K. Effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure, visual acuity and C-reactive protein. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1569-1572. [PMID: 32489296 PMCID: PMC7254158 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of latanoprost on intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS A total of 163 POAG patients (266 eyes) admitted to our hospital from February 2015 to July 2017 were selected and divided into observation group (81 cases, 132 eyes, latanoprost eye drops) and control group (82 cases, 134 eyes, timolol maleate eye drops) according to different treatment plans. The clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment was evaluated. The IOP, visual acuity and CRP level were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Then the adverse reactions of the two groups were observed and recorded. RESULTS After treatment, the total effective rate was 92.59% (75 cases) in the observation group and was 80.49% (66 cases) in the control group, with statistic difference between groups (P < 0.05); The IOP, visual acuity and CRP level between the two groups before treatment showed no statistic difference, the mentioned three indexes of the two groups were significantly improved after treatment, and statistic difference was found before and after treatment (P < 0.05); Moreover, the above three indicators had statistically significant differences between groups after treatment (P < 0.05); The difference of intraocular pressure and visual acuity between the two groups before and after treatment were statistically different (P < 0.05); After treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group such as allergy, vomiting, breathlessness and tachycardia were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Latanoprost can improve IOP, visual acuity, and CRP levels. It improves eye hemodynamics, and has significant efficacy in treating primary open-angle glaucoma. Also, it has good security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hou
- Department of Surgical Retina, Jinhua Eye Hospital, Jinhua 231000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qianjun Yang
- Department of Surgical Retina, Jinhua Eye Hospital, Jinhua 231000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Famang Zheng
- Department of Glaucoma, Jinhua Eye Hospital, Jinhua 231000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Department of Glaucoma, Jinhua Eye Hospital, Jinhua 231000, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Balendra SI, Zollet P, Cisa Asinari Di Gresy E Casasca G, Cordeiro MF. Personalized approaches for the management of glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2020.1756770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiama Indu Balendra
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College, London, UK
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Piero Zollet
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Cisa Asinari Di Gresy E Casasca
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHNT), London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College, London, UK
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Group, Department of Visual Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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24
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Fang Y, Ku H, Gan D, Jiang R, Sun X. Efficacy And Safety Of Travoprost Versus Timolol To Treat Early-Onset Ocular Hypertension Secondary To Vitrectomy: A Randomized Trial. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3453-3463. [PMID: 31686785 PMCID: PMC6777640 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s222796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% versus timolol 0.5% as an initial intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medication for ocular hypertension secondary to vitrectomy. Patients and methods We performed a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded clinical trial in the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University in China. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChICTR1800014942) before patient enrollment. Seventy-nine adults with IOP of 25–45 mmHg secondary to vitrectomy in the latest one month were enrolled and randomized to receive travoprost 0.004% or timolol 0.5%. More drugs were administered to patients with IOP > 25 mmHg during follow-up. Results The mean IOP reduction at day 1 was −10.97 mmHg in the timolol group and −15.02 mmHg in the travoprost group (P = 0.006); no significant difference was observed between the groups at later time points. The number of IOP-lowering medications at day 21 was 0.64 in the timolol group and 1.15 in the travoprost group (P = 0.038), while no significant differences were observed at other time points. The proportion of single IOP-lowering medications used during the 4-week follow-up was 72.73% in the timolol group and 68.42% in the travoprost group (P = 0.692). Inflammation scores were not significantly different in the two groups at any time point. Increased ocular hyperemia occurred in 8 patients (19%) in the travoprost group and none in the timolol group (P = 0.005). There were no significant differences in other adverse events between the two groups. After logistic regression model analysis, IOP ≥ 30 mmHg, inflammation score ≥ 2, and silicone oil as tamponade were found to be the factors with significant effects on the number of IOP-lowering medications used during the 4-week follow-up. Conclusion Travoprost and timolol have similar efficacy and safety for treating ocular hypertension secondary to vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hsiangyu Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dekang Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wu M, Liu M, Schuman JS, Wang Y, Lucy KA, Ishikawa H, Wollstein G. Evaluating Glaucoma Treatment Effect on Intraocular Pressure Reduction Using Propensity Score Weighted Regression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15496. [PMID: 31664148 PMCID: PMC6820863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies in glaucoma patients can provide important evidence on treatment effects, especially for combination therapies which are often used in reality. But the success relies on the reduction of selection bias through methods such as propensity score (PS) weighting. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of five glaucoma treatments (medication, laser, non-laser surgery (NLS), laser + medication, and NLS + medication) on 1-year intraocular pressure (IOP) change. Data were collected from 90 glaucoma subjects who underwent a single laser, or NLS intervention, and/or took the same medication for at least 6 months, and had IOP measures before the treatment and 12-months after. Baseline IOP was significantly different across groups (p = 0.007) and this unbalance was successfully corrected by the PS weighting (p = 0.81). All groups showed statistically significant PS-weighted IOP reductions, with the largest reduction in NLS group (-6.78 mmHg). Baseline IOP significantly interacted with treatments (p = 0.03), and at high baseline IOP medication was less effective than other treatments. Our findings showed that the 1-year IOP reduction differed across treatment groups and was dependent on baseline IOP. The use of PS-weighted methods reduced treatment selection bias at baseline and allowed valid assessment of the treatment effect in an observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Center of Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie A Lucy
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gadi Wollstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Center of Neural Science, NYU, New York, NY, USA
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26
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The Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Effect of Persimmon leaves ( Diospyros kaki) in a Mouse Model of Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215268. [PMID: 31652855 PMCID: PMC6862624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of persimmon leaves in two glaucoma models, microbeads-induced ocular hypertension (OHT) and DBA/2 mouse. Thus, we demonstrated that Ethanol Extract of Diospyros kaki (EEDK) reduced elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in both mouse models of glaucoma by measurements with a tonometer. In particular, we revealed that retinal ganglion cell loss and optic nerve damage caused by IOP elevation were markedly diminished as assessed by TUNEL assay, H&E staining, and fluorescent staining, while the expression of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα-1) increased, when EEDK was administered, as revealed by western blot. Moreover, the b-wave magnitude indicating functional scotopic vision was significantly improved in EEDK-administered DBA/2 mice during the 10-week follow-up study, as observed with electroretinography. Collectively, our results suggested that EEDK could be an effective therapeutic and IOP-lowering agent for preventing and treating retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma.
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27
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Tang W, Zhang F, Liu K, Duan X. Efficacy and safety of prostaglandin analogues in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16597. [PMID: 31348303 PMCID: PMC6709278 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluated and compared the efficacy and safety of 3 prostaglandin analogues (0.005% latanoprost, 0.004% travoprost, and 0.03% bimatoprost) in treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang, and Vip database, published between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2018, were systematically examined for randomized controlled trials (RCT) based on prostaglandin analogues for POAG or OHT treatment. Statistical analyses including weighted mean difference (WMD) calculation and odds ratio (OR) were performed using Review Manager Software version 5.3. RESULT The 17 studies were included in this analysis (N = 2433 participants) with 1∼12 months' follow-ups. The difference of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction between latanoprost and travoprost group had not significant; there was significant difference of IOP reduction between latanoprost and bimatoprost group in the third month and sixth month; Travoprost was significantly different from bimatoprost in reducing IOP in the third month. Travoprost revealed an elevated risk of conjunctival hyperemia compared with latanoprost. An elevated risk of conjunctival hyperemia and growth of lashes compared with latanoprost. Bimatoprost shows lower ocular tolerability with higher incidence of side effects such as conjunctival hyperemia. CONCLUSIONS 0.03% bimatoprost appears more effective following long time use (3 and 6 month post-treatment) for IOP control compared to 0.005% latanoprost, and is more effective compared to 0.004% travoprost after being used for a certain period of time (3 months post-treatment); nevertheless, 0.005% latanoprost is better tolerated in patients with POAG or OHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Province Children’ Hospital
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Xuanchu Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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28
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Shamsher E, Davis BM, Yap TE, Guo L, Cordeiro MF. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: old concepts, new ideas. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2019.1604222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Shamsher
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Benjamin M. Davis
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Maria Francesca Cordeiro
- Department of Visual Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- The Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London
- The Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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29
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Holló G, Katsanos A, Boboridis KG, Irkec M, Konstas AGP. Preservative-Free Prostaglandin Analogs and Prostaglandin/Timolol Fixed Combinations in the Treatment of Glaucoma: Efficacy, Safety and Potential Advantages. Drugs 2018; 78:39-64. [PMID: 29196953 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma therapy-related ocular surface disease (OSD) is a serious pathology with a broad spectrum of insidious clinical presentations and complex pathogenesis that undermines long-term glaucoma care. Preservatives, especially benzalkonium chloride (BAK), contained in topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications frequently cause or aggravate OSD in glaucoma. Management of these patients is challenging, and to date often empirical due to the scarcity of controlled long-term clinical trials. Most of the available data are extracted from case series and retrospective analysis. Preservative-free prostaglandins and prostaglandin/timolol fixed combinations are novel options developed to remove the harmful impact of preservatives, especially BAK, upon ocular tissues. Based on what is currently known on the value of preservative-free antiglaucoma therapies it is tempting to speculate how these new therapies may affect the future medical management of all glaucoma patients. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current literature on preservative-free prostaglandins and preservative-free prostaglandin/timolol fixed combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Holló
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Maria u. 39, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
| | - Andreas Katsanos
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kostas G Boboridis
- Third Ophthalmology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Murat Irkec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anastasios G P Konstas
- 1st University Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,3rd University Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Abstract
The review presents an analysis of therapeutic effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetics of latanoprost - the reference representative of the prostaglandin group, summarizes the experience of its clinical use in glaucoma as monotherapy and in combination with antihypertensive drugs of other pharmacological groups, its possible effect on the inflammatory process in the anterior segment of the eye, as well as its probable participation in the development of macular edema. The article also gives a recount of relevant local and systemic adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Erichev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
| | - V S Zinina
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119021
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) - reducing effect of latanoprost in treatment-naïve patients with newly detected open-angle glaucoma with no restriction of the level of untreated IOP. METHODS Eighty-six patients (105 eyes) with a diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma received IOP-lowering therapy with latanoprost. The IOP reduction 1 and 3 months after initiation of treatment was recorded. RESULTS Mean untreated IOP for all eyes was 26.2 mm Hg (ranging from 10 to 51 mm Hg). The mean pressure reduction was 7.9 mm Hg (28%), with equivalent average levels at 1 and 3 months. The reduction in IOP ranged from -2.3 to 25.3 mm Hg after 1 month, and from -1.3 to 33.3 mm Hg after 3 months. The pressure-lowering effect was considerably more pronounced in eyes with higher untreated IOP; the reduction increased by 0.55 mm Hg per mm Hg higher untreated IOP. Four eyes, with untreated IOP within statistically normal limits, had no or negative IOP-reduction. A regression model predicted that IOP reduction ended at untreated IOP≤16 mm Hg. Multiple regression analysis showed that an additional IOP-lowering effect of 1.28 mm Hg was achieved in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to report the IOP-reducing effect of latanoprost treatment at all untreated IOP levels in newly detected glaucoma patients. The effect was proportional to the untreated IOP at all levels above 16 mm Hg and better at higher untreated IOP levels, also in relative terms. Our results further confirm the indication of latanoprost as a first-line therapy for glaucoma.
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32
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Chanasumon N, Sriphojanart T, Suchonwanit P. Therapeutic potential of bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:365-372. [PMID: 29503529 PMCID: PMC5826207 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s156467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eyebrows serve as a key feature of the face and have many roles, including cosmetic appearance and social communication. Eyebrow hypotrichosis, which refers to reduction or absence of the eyebrow hair, could be a major problem that leads to negative functional, psychological, and social consequences. Bimatoprost is an ophthalmic prostamide analog that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis. Its proposed mechanism is stimulation of the prostaglandin receptor in dermal papilla and melanocyte, thus leading to a prolonged anagen phase and increased melanogenesis. The hair follicle then increases in thickness, length, and darkness. The efficacy of bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis has been supported by well-controlled studies. Bimatoprost, which is noninvasive, effective, and well tolerated, is worth considering as a treatment option for eyebrow hypotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongsak Chanasumon
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tueboon Sriphojanart
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Poonkiat Suchonwanit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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33
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Holló G, Chiselita D, Petkova N, Cvenkel B, Liehneova I, Izgi B, Berta A, Szaflik J, Turacli E, Stewart WC. The Efficacy and Safety of Timolol Maleate versus Brinzolamide Each Given Twice Daily Added to Travoprost in Patients with Ocular Hypertension or Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 16:816-23. [PMID: 17191187 DOI: 10.1177/112067210601600606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of timolol maleate 0.5% versus brinzolamide 1% when added to travoprost 0.004% in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN A prospective, double-masked, randomized, active-controlled, parallel comparison. METHODS Qualified patients at Visit 1 were placed on travoprost dosed every evening for 4 weeks and then were randomized at baseline (Visit 2) to the addition of timolol maleate or brinzolamide each given twice daily. Patients returned to clinic at Week 4 (Visit 3) for a safety visit and Week 12 (Visit 4) for an efficacy visit. At Visits 2 and 4 the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 hours. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients on brinzolamide had a baseline diurnal IOP of 21.5+/-2.2 mmHg and 95 on timolol maleate had 21.3+/-2.5 mmHg, each added to travoprost. The diurnal mean IOP at Week 12 was 18.1+/-2.7 mmHg for brinzolamide and 18.1+/-3.0 mmHg for timolol maleate (p=0.96). There was no statistical difference found between treatment groups in the absolute level of pressure, or in the reduction in IOP from baseline, at each time point or for the diurnal curve (p>0.05). There was no significant difference for any adverse event between groups (p>0.05), with the most common side effect being conjunctival hyperemia in 15/97 (16%) brinzolamide and 6/95 (6%) timolol treated patients (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that brinzolamide provides similar safety and efficacy compared to timolol maleate when added to travoprost.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Holló
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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34
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Parmaksiz S, Yüksel N, Karabas V, Özkan B, Demirci G, çaglar Y. A Comparison of Travoprost, Latanoprost, and the Fixed Combination of Dorzolamide and Timolol in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210601600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect and safety of latanoprost, travoprost given every evening, and the fixed combination dorzolamide + timolol (DTFC) given twice daily in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG). Methods This randomized, prospective, investigator-masked study has been conducted with 50 PXG patients. Patients were assigned to one of three groups: travoprost 0.004%, fixed combination of dorzolamide 2%+timolol 0.5%, or latanoprost 0.005% for 6 months. At baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months of therapy, IOP (8 am, 10 am, 4 pm), blood pressures, and pulse rates were measured, and ophthalmologic examination was performed. The side effects were recorded at each visit. Results Forty-two of the 50 patients initially enrolled completed this study. Withdrawn patients included one (latanoprost) for lack of efficacy, five (three travoprost, one latanoprost, one DTFC) for adverse events, and two (one latanoprost, one DTFC) for loss of follow-up. Each of the three drugs considerably reduced the IOP in PXG cases throughout the 6 months. Mean IOP reduction at 6 months was –9.3±2.9 mmHg in the travoprost group, -8.2±1.2 mmHg in the latanoprost group, and 11.5±3.3 mmHg in the DTFC group. Comparing the groups, DTFC is more effective than latanoprost and travoprost in lowering IOP (p<0.05). There was no difference between travoprost and latanoprost. The most common treatment-related adverse event was conjunctival hyperemia. Intensity of ocular hyperemia was greater in the travoprost group compared with the latanoprost and DTFC groups (p<0.05). There were no significant effects on systemic safety parameters. Conclusions The results demonstrated that DTFC is more effective in reducing IOP than latanoprost and travoprost. Latanoprost and travoprost had similar ocular hypotensive effects in patients with PXG. All three drugs were well tolerated; there were fewer ocular side effects attributable in the latanoprost group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Parmaksiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
| | - N. Yüksel
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
| | - V.L. Karabas
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
| | - B. Özkan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
| | - G. Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
| | - Y. çaglar
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli - Turkey
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35
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Denis P, Andrew R, Wells D, Friren B. A Comparison of Morning and Evening Instillation of a Combination Travoprost 0.004%/Timolol 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210601600308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Denis
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon - France
| | - R. Andrew
- Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX - USA
| | - D. Wells
- Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX - USA
| | - B. Friren
- Laboratoires Alcon, Rueil-Malmaison - France
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36
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Haverkamp F, Wuensch S, Fuchs M, Stewart WC. Intraocular Pressure, Safety and Quality of Life in Glaucoma Patients Switching to Latanoprost from Adjunctive and Monotherapy Treatments. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 14:407-15. [PMID: 15506603 DOI: 10.1177/112067210401400508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate efficacy, safety and quality of life in ocular hypertensive or open-angle glaucoma patients changed to latanoprost from previous therapy. Methods A prospective, multicenter, active-controlled design in which qualified patients had their previous therapy substituted for latanoprost and were followed for at least thee months. Results In 1068 patients, latanoprost was continued 92% throughout the 36-month observation period. Latanoprost treatment reduced the intraocular pressure (IOP)(p < 0.001) when compared to previous monotherapies including: beta-blockers (-4.0 ± 3.7 mmHg, 42%), alpha-antagonists (-3.9 ± 3.0 mmHg, 14%), miotics (-3.8 ± 3.5 mmHg, 2%), or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) (-3.8 ± 3.6 mmHg, n = 16%), and adjunctive therapy including: beta-blocker and CAI (-3.7 ± 3.1 mmHg, n = 12%), alpha-agonist (-3.7 ± 3.4 mmHg, n = 5%), or pilocarpine (-3.4 ± 3.7 mmHg, n = 6%), or CAI and alpha-agonist (-4.6 ± 6.4 mm Hg, n = 2%)(p < 0.0017). The most common adverse event with latanoprost was ocular allergy (1.5% incidence). Patients showed a preference for latanoprost for many systemic and ocular quality of life measures on a non-validated questionnaire (p < 0.05). Conclusions In a clinical setting, patients who have their mono- and adjunctive therapy treatment substituted for latanoprost may on average experience reduced IOP, deceased side effects and increased quality of life measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haverkamp
- Children Hospital at the University of Bonn, Bonn
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37
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Mulaney J, Sonty S, Ahmad A, Stewart J, Stewart W. Comparison of Daytime Efficacy and Safety of Dorzolamide/Timolol Maleate Fixed Combination versus Latanoprost. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:556-62. [DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mulaney
- Central Florida Eye Associates, Lakeland, FL
| | - S. Sonty
- Midwest Eye Center, Calumet City, IL
| | - A. Ahmad
- Midwest Eye Center, Calumet City, IL
| | - J.A. Stewart
- PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, LLC, Dallas, TX
| | - W.C. Stewart
- PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, LLC, Dallas, TX
- Carolina Eye Institute, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC - USA
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38
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Stewart W, Stewart J, Nelson L, Kruft B. Physician Attitudes regarding Prostaglandin Treatment for Glaucoma in the United States and Europe. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 18:199-204. [PMID: 18320511 DOI: 10.1177/112067210801800206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate physician use of prostaglandins (latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost) in the United States (US) and Europe (EU). Methods One thousand multiple-choice surveys were distributed via e-mail in the US and EU. Results The authors received 71 responses (US 40 [8%] and EU 31 [6%]). Physicians preferred prostaglandin monotherapy (US 39 [98%] and EU 22 [71%], p=0.003), usually latanoprost (US 32 [80%] and EU 22 [71%], p=0.45). When more efficacy was required, US physicians would typically switch (23 [58%]) and EU physicians would add therapy (22 [71%], p=0.007). In both continents 45% of respondents stated bimatoprost was more efficacious. Conclusions US and EU physicians prefer prostaglandin monotherapy, most commonly latanoprost. Bimatoprost is often perceived as more effective, but having a higher incidence of conjunctival hyperemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.C. Stewart
- Carolina Eye Institute, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia
- PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, LLC, Dallas, Texas
| | - J.A. Stewart
- PRN Pharmaceutical Research Network, LLC, Dallas, Texas
| | - L.A. Nelson
- Charleston Research Company, LLC, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
| | - B. Kruft
- Charleston Research Company, LLC, Charleston, South Carolina - USA
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Abstract
Purpose To assess the intraocular pressure lowering effect of travoprost 0.004% in patients previously treated with another topical medication, and in previously untreated patients. Methods This 12-week, open-label trial in 1590 patients was conducted at 219 sites in Switzerland. Primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients discontinued prior medications, and instilled 1 drop of travoprost in each affected eye at 8 pm. Untreated patients were subdivided into 2 groups: baseline IOP of ≥ 21 mmHg, and baseline IOP of ≤ 20 mmHg. Patients returned for follow-up visits at 1 and 3 months. The primary outcome was mean IOP change from baseline to follow-up. Results Of 626 patients previously on monotherapy, and 525 previously untreated or newly-diagnosed patients, 479 and 423, respectively, completed 3 months of therapy. The mean changes from baseline at 1 month (mmHg ± SD), by prior treatment group were: beta blocker, −4.9 (±3.6); latanoprost, −2.3 (± 2.8); alpha-agonist, −4.0 (± 3.7); dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination, −3.4 (± 3.9); topical CAI, −4.4 (± 3.1); new IOP ≥ 21 mmHg, −8.6 (± 4.4); new IOP ≤ 20 mmHg, −4.4 (± 3.0). (All changes from baseline were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In patients previously treated with a single drug, travoprost decreased IOP to pressures below those achieved on prior therapy. In all groups, travoprost reduced mean IOP below 18 mmHg within 1 month of starting therapy, and control was maintained for at least 3 months. Overall, travoprost was safe and well-tolerated.
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40
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Gross JC, Harris A, Siesky BA, Sacco R, Shah A, Guidoboni G. Mathematical modeling for novel treatment approaches to open-angle glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1383896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josh C Gross
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alon Harris
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brent A Siesky
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Riccardo Sacco
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Aaditya Shah
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Giovanna Guidoboni
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Sugimoto I, Kambe T, Okino T, Obitsu T, Ohta N, Nishiyama T, Kinoshita A, Fujimoto T, Egashira H, Yamane S, Shuto S, Tani K, Maruyama T. Discovery of Novel Seven-Membered Prostacyclin Analogues as Potent and Selective Prostaglandin FP and EP3 Dual Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:107-112. [PMID: 28105284 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of prostaglandin analogues with a seven-membered ring scaffold was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the functional activation of prostaglandin receptors to identify potent and subtype-selective FP and EP3 dual agonists. Starting from the prostacyclin derivative 5b, a nonselective agonist for prostaglandin receptors, replacement of the core structure with an octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]oxepine scaffold led to the discovery of the potent and selective FP and EP3 dual agonist 11b as a lead compound for the development of an antiglaucoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Sugimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tohru Kambe
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Okino
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Obitsu
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ohta
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Taihei Nishiyama
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kinoshita
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiromu Egashira
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Yamane
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tani
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, ‡Department of Biology & Pharmacology, and §Discovery Research Alliance, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and #Center for Research
and Education on Drug
Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Conlon R, Saheb H, Ahmed IIK. Glaucoma treatment trends: a review. Can J Ophthalmol 2016; 52:114-124. [PMID: 28237137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing. The aim of the present review is to describe the current medical and surgical treatment trends in the management of open-angle glaucoma. There has been an increase in the availability of glaucoma medications and the use of laser trabeculoplasty over the past decade, with a subsequent decrease in invasive incisional surgery. In addition, a new class of glaucoma procedures, termed microinvasive glaucoma surgery, has emerged, which aims to fill the gap between conservative medical management and more invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iqbal Ike K Ahmed
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.; Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ont.; Prism Eye Institute, Mississauga, Ont
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43
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Oculoplastic considerations in patients with glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2016; 61:718-725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pek YS, Wu H, Mohamed ST, Ying JY. Long-Term Subconjunctival Delivery of Brimonidine Tartrate for Glaucoma Treatment Using a Microspheres/Carrier System. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2823-2831. [PMID: 27616466 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell polymer microspheres with poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) core and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) shell are developed for the long-term subconjunctival release of brimonidine tartrate (BT) in order to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in the treatment of glaucoma. The PLLA-rich shell acts as a diffusion barrier, enabling linear release of BT over an extended period of 40 d. The microspheres are encased in a porous non-degradable methacrylate-based carrier for ease of subconjunctival implantation in a glaucoma-induced rabbit model. In vivo release of BT from the microspheres/carrier system has enabled a significant, immediate IOP reduction of 20 mmHg, which is sustained for 55 d. Long-term IOP reduction may be maintained by periodic replacement of the microspheres/carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shona Pek
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Hong Wu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Siti Thaharah Mohamed
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Jackie Y. Ying
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
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Ikeda Y, Mori K, Tada K, Ueno M, Kinoshita S, Sotozono C. Comparison study of intraocular pressure reduction efficacy and safety between latanoprost and tafluprost in Japanese with normal-tension glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:1633-7. [PMID: 27601879 PMCID: PMC5003551 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate and compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction efficacy and safety between the ophthalmic solutions 0.005% latanoprost (Lat) and 0.0015% tafluprost (Taf) in Japanese patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods In this randomized nonmasked study, we prospectively enrolled 30 Japanese NTG patients who had used Lat monotherapy for more than 4 weeks, and randomly divided them into the following two groups: 1) Lat-to-Taf group (LT group) and 2) Taf-to-Lat group (TL group). At the beginning of the study, both groups were switched from initial Lat to Lat or Taf for 12 weeks, and then switched over to the other drug (crossover) for 12 additional weeks. At 0, 4, 12, 16, and 24 weeks, we evaluated each patient’s IOP, conjunctival injection, and corneal epitheliopathy score, and at 0, 12, and 24 weeks, we evaluated their eyelash changes and pigmentation of the eyelids and irises. Results The mean IOP of the LT group (15 eyes) was 10.5, 10.6, and 11.1 mmHg, at 0, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively, whereas that of the TL group (15 eyes) was 11.7, 11.1, and 10.5 mmHg at 0, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively. No significant differences were found between the two groups and in the intragroup comparisons. Moreover, no significant differences were found between Lat and Taf in regard to the conjunctival injection score and corneal epitheliopathy score. Eyelash changes and eyelid and iris pigmentation were similar in both groups. Conclusion The findings of this study show that Lat and Taf have equivalent efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine; Oike-Ganka Ikeda Clinic
| | - Kazuhiko Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kaori Tada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daini Hospital
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Kara C, Şen EM, Elgin KU, Serdar K, Yilmazbaş P. Does the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of prostaglandin analogues continue over the long term? Int Ophthalmol 2016; 37:619-626. [PMID: 27506567 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-016-0315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to assess the changes in the long-term effects of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Data of POAG patients treated with latanoprost (0.005 %), travoprost (0.004 %), or bimatoprost (0.03 %) as the first line treatment for 5 years or more were retrospectively evaluated. Baseline ophthalmic assessment values were recorded together with the IOP at the 6th month, 1st year, and then annually. The 79 patients included 33 (41.8 %) men and 46 (58.2 %) women. There were 34 (43.0 %) patients using latanoprost (0.005 %), 23 (29.1 %) patients using bimatoprost (0.03 %), and 22 (27.8 %) patients using travoprost (0.004 %). There was no difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, or baseline IOP levels. IOP levels at the 6th month were significantly lower than baseline IOP levels in all groups (p < 0.01, Friedman test). The IOP decrease was maintained after the 6th month in all three group with no statistically significant difference compared to the 6th month IOP value (p > 0.05, Friedman test) and no statistically significant difference between the groups during follow-up (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). IOP reductions with PGAs were adequate and stable in the 5-year follow-up period with no decrease in effectiveness over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Kara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Yeni Etlik Caddesi No: 55, Etlik, Keçiören, 06010, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | - Kurtuluş Serdar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pelin Yilmazbaş
- Ulucanlar Eye Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Unilateral Prostaglandin-Associated Periorbitopathy: A Syndrome Involving Upper Eyelid Retraction Distinguishable From the Aging Sunken Eyelid. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 31:373-8. [PMID: 25393907 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of prostaglandin analogue drops on the eyelids and adnexa in unilaterally treated subjects with the intention of qualifying, quantifying, and categorizing the characteristics of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP). METHODS Patients using prostaglandin analogue drops in only 1 eye for at least 1 year were evaluated by masked examiners. Orbital and eyelid measurements were obtained for each patient, and adnexal photographs were taken. PAP was divided into 3 grades based on the presence and severity of fat atrophy and the existence and depth of superior sulcus deformity. Statistical analysis was performed comparing data between treated and untreated eyes. RESULTS Thirty-three patients meeting eligibility criteria were enrolled, with equal numbers of subjects using latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost. Treated eyes had a statistically significant increase in lagophthalmos (0.62 mm, p < 0.001), superior sulcus deformity/PAP grade (0.72, p < 0.001), and eyelid redness (1.08, p < 0.001). Treated eyes had significantly greater marginal reflex distance 1 measurements (0.89 mm, p = 0.02), highest with bimatoprost and moderate PAP. Treated eyes had relatively greater enophthalmos than untreated eyes. Very few patients noticed or complained about eyelid changes. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin analogue drops cause adnexal changes and orbital fat atrophy leading to eyelid redness, superior sulcus deformity, higher eyelid crease, and enophthalmos. In contrast to previous studies showing ptosis in PAP, relative upper eyelid retraction was seen in most of our treated eyes. Our novel PAP grading scale may help objectify and categorize this syndrome. Awareness of these signs is critical, as the eyelids and eyes may be affected even in the absence of patient recognition.
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Feldman RM, Katz G, McMenemy M, Hubatsch DA, Realini T. A Randomized Trial of Fixed-Dose Combination Brinzolamide 1%/Brimonidine 0.2% as Adjunctive Therapy to Travoprost 0.004. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 165:188-97. [PMID: 26940161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding fixed-combination brinzolamide 1%/brimonidine 0.2% (BBFC) as adjunctive therapy to travoprost 0.004% (TRAV) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group phase 4 clinical trial. METHODS setting: Multicenter; 32 sites in the United States. PATIENT POPULATION Total of 233 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension and with mean intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥21 mm Hg and <32 mm Hg while receiving once-daily TRAV monotherapy. INTERVENTION Masked BBFC or vehicle (3 times daily) adjunctive to TRAV for 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mean diurnal IOP averaged over 8 AM, 10 AM, 3 PM, and 5 PM time points at week 6. Superiority of BBFC+TRAV over vehicle+TRAV was based on statistical significance of a treatment difference favoring BBFC+TRAV. RESULTS Mean diurnal IOP at week 6 (least squares mean ± standard error) was 17.6 ± 0.4 mm Hg and 20.7 ± 0.4 mm Hg in the BBFC+TRAV and vehicle+TRAV groups, respectively (between-group difference, -3.2 ± 0.5 mm Hg; P < .0001). Superiority of BBFC+TRAV over vehicle+TRAV was established. Mean and percent diurnal IOP change from baseline were significantly greater with BBFC+TRAV compared with vehicle+TRAV (P < .0001 for both). Conjunctival hyperemia was the most common treatment-related adverse event in either group (BBFC+TRAV, 12.8%; vehicle+TRAV, 6.0%). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive treatment with BBFC added to TRAV resulted in lower mean diurnal IOP after 6 weeks of treatment compared with vehicle added to TRAV; this difference was both statistically and clinically significant.
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Gossman CA, Linn DM, Linn C. Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27023167 DOI: 10.3791/53831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a disease of the central nervous system affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGC axons making up the optic nerve carry visual input to the brain for visual perception. Damage to RGCs and their axons leads to vision loss and/or blindness. Although the specific cause of glaucoma is unknown, the primary risk factor for the disease is an elevated intraocular pressure. Glaucoma-inducing procedures in animal models are a valuable tool to researchers studying the mechanism of RGC death. Such information can lead to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments that could aid in the prevention of vision loss. The protocol in this paper describes a method of inducing glaucoma - like conditions in an in vivo rat model where 50 µl of 2 M hypertonic saline is injected into the episcleral venous plexus. Blanching of the vessels indicates successful injection. This procedure causes loss of RGCs to simulate glaucoma. One month following injection, animals are sacrificed and eyes are removed. Next, the cornea, lens, and vitreous are removed to make an eyecup. The retina is then peeled from the back of the eye and pinned onto sylgard dishes using cactus needles. At this point, neurons in the retina can be stained for analysis. Results from this lab show that approximately 25% of RGCs are lost within one month of the procedure when compared to internal controls. This procedure allows for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cell death in an in vivo rat glaucoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Linn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University
| | - Cindy Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University;
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50
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Naito T, Okuma S, Nagayama M, Mizoue S, Ozaki M, Namiguchi K, Miyamoto K, Tanito M, Yoshikawa K. Sustainability of Intraocular Pressure Reduction of Travoprost Ophthalmic Solution in Subjects with Normal Tension Glaucoma. Adv Ther 2016; 33:435-46. [PMID: 26861847 PMCID: PMC4833797 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We examined the sustainability of the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of travoprost (0.004%) ophthalmic solution in subjects with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods Travoprost ophthalmic solution was given once daily at 9 PM to subjects with newly diagnosed NTG or with NTG who had not received any ocular hypotensives within the previous 30 days. IOP was measured at three time points (9 AM, 1 PM, and 5 PM) at baseline and week 12 visits, and at one time point (9 AM) at week 4 and week 8 visits. Conjunctival hyperemia, superficial punctate keratopathy, and other adverse events were evaluated during the observation period. Results Thirty subjects (12 males and 18 females; mean age 65.6 years) from 32 subjects enrolled were included in the efficacy analysis. The mean IOPs (±standard deviation) of 16.6 ± 1.4, 15.7 ± 1.8, and 15.7 ± 2.2 mmHg at 9 AM, 1 PM, and 5 PM, respectively, at baseline reduced significantly to the mean IOPs of 13.0 ± 1.8, 12.7 ± 1.8, and 12.8 ± 1.6 mmHg, respectively, at week 12 (P < 0.0001 for every time point). Together with the mean IOPs of 13.4 ± 1.9 mmHg at week 4 and 13.2 ± 1.9 mmHg at week 8, the pooled IOP during the observation period for up to 12 weeks showed a statistically and clinically significant reduction of IOP at 9 AM. (3.4 mmHg or 20.3% reduction from baseline, P < 0.0001). There were no adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. Conclusion This multi-center collaborative study suggests that IOP-lowering efficacy of travoprost ophthalmic solution persists during the day at the clinically relevant level in subjects with NTG. Funding Alcon Japan Ltd. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network, UMIN ID: 000011621. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-016-0297-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Naito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Okuma
- Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Oji-cho, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Shiro Mizoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mineo Ozaki
- Ozaki Eye Hospital, Kamezaki, Hyuga, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Namiguchi
- Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Oji-cho, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Tanito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Division of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, 200 Horomachi, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
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