1
|
Galvez-Ruiz A, Galindo-Ferreiro A, Lehner AJ. A new gene mutation in a family with idiopathic infantile nystagmus. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2021; 35:61-65. [PMID: 34667935 PMCID: PMC8486036 DOI: 10.4103/1319-4534.325787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is an inherited disease, which can occur through a number of different inheritance patterns (autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked). The most common of these is X-linked inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, and can also be dominant or recessive. To date, only two mutations have been described: the first, affecting the FPR143 gene, which is associated with ocular albinism type I, and located on chromosome Xp22, and the second, affecting the FRMD7 gene located on chromosome X26-q27. To date, a causative gene on locus Xp11.3p11.4 has not yet been identified. The most common cause of IIN is due to mutations in the FRMD7 gene, located on chromosome Xq26. We present a case of a new mutation found in three siblings from a family with FRMD7-related infantile nystagmus, whose parents are consanguineously related in the first degree. A complex mutation has occurred in this family, which, to date, has not been previously reported in the scientific literature. The complex mutation consists of the presence of three consecutive 1 bp deletions in exon 12 (c.1248delT; 1299del C; and 1312delT), causing a secondary deletion (c. 1340–2145 + 214del), and resulting in a truncated protein. We also present a 7-year-old patient from a different family, with periodic alternating nystagmus, having no mutation in the FRMD7 gene, which we assume may be an example of non-FRMD7-related IIN. This patient does not have a family history of nystagmus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Galvez-Ruiz
- Neuro-ophthalmology Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anthony J Lehner
- Orthoptics Division, Clinical Orthoptist, Vision Eye Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Orthoptics Division, Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Oculomotor neurocircuitry, a structural connectivity study of infantile nystagmus syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125380. [PMID: 25860806 PMCID: PMC4393090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is one of the leading causes of significant vision loss in children and affects about 1 in 1000 to 6000 births. In the present study, we are the first to investigate the structural pathways of patients and controls using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Specifically, three female INS patients from the same family were scanned, two sisters and a mother. Six regions of interest (ROIs) were created manually to analyze the number of tracks. Additionally, three ROI masks were analyzed using TBSS (Tract-Based Spatial Statistics). The number of fiber tracks was reduced in INS subjects, compared to normal subjects, by 15.9%, 13.9%, 9.2%, 18.6%, 5.3%, and 2.5% for the pons, cerebellum (right and left), brainstem, cerebrum, and thalamus. Furthermore, TBSS results indicated that the fractional anisotropy (FA) values for the patients were lower in the superior ventral aspects of the pons of the brainstem than in those of the controls. We have identified some brain regions that may be actively involved in INS. These novel findings would be beneficial to the neuroimaging clinical and research community as they will give them new direction in further pursuing neurological studies related to oculomotor function and provide a rational approach to studying INS.
Collapse
|
4
|
Song FW, Chen BB, Sun ZH, Wu LP, Zhao SJ, Miao Q, Tang XJ. Novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation of the FRMD7 gene in a Chinese family with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:479-86. [PMID: 23733424 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen mutations in FERM domain-containing protein 7 (FRMD7) gene in two Chinese families with X-linked idiopathic congenital nystagmus (XLICN). METHODS Common ophthalmic data and peripheral blood of two Chinese XLICN families (families A and B) were collected after informed consent. Genomic DNA was prepared from the peripheral blood of members of the two families and from 100 normal controls. Mutations in the FRMD7 gene were determined by directly sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation c.980_983delATTA compound with c.986C>A mutation in the 11th exon of FRMD7 in family B, and a previously reported splicing mutation c.781C>G (p.R261G) [corrected] in family A. The mutations were detected in patients and female carriers, while they were absent in other relatives or in the 100 normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results expand the spectrum of FRMD7 mutations in association with XLICN, and further confirm that the mutations of FRMD7 are the underlying molecular mechanism for XLICN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-wei Song
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ehrt O. Infantile and acquired nystagmus in childhood. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2012; 16:567-72. [PMID: 22459007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nystagmus is an involuntary, periodic eye movement caused by a slow drift of fixation which is followed by a fast refixation saccade (jerk nystagmus) or a slow movement back to fixation (pendular nystagmus). In childhood most cases are benign forms of nystagmus: idiopathic infantile, ocular or latent nystagmus. They arise at the age of 3 months, without oscillopsia and show the absence of the physiologic opto-kinetic nystagmus. A full ophthalmologic evaluation is all that is needed in most cases: albinism, macular or optic nerve hypoplasia and congenital retinal dystrophies are the most common forms of ocular nystagmus. Idiopathic infantile nystagmus can be hereditary, the most common and best analyzed form being a mutation of the FRMD7 gene on chromosome Xq26.2. The mutation shows a mild genotype-phenotype correlation. In all female carriers the opto-kinetic nystagmus is absent and half had mild nystagmus. Latent nystagmus is part of the infantile esotropia syndrome and shows the unique feature of change of direction when the fixing eye changes: it is always beating to the side of the fixing eye. There is no cure for infantile nystagmus but therapeutic options include magnifying visual aids or eye muscle surgery at the age of 6-8 y in patients with head turn. Less than 20% of childhood nystagmus are acquired and need further neurological and imaging work-up. Alarming signs and symptoms are: onset after the age of 4 months, oscillopsia, dissociated (asymmetric) nystagmus, preserved opto-kinetic nystagmus, afferent pupillary defect, papilloedema and neurological symptoms like vertigo and nausea. The most common cause is due to pathology of the anterior optic pathway (e.g. optic nerve gliomas). It shows the same clinical feature of dissociated nystagmus as spasmus nutans but has a higher frequency as in INO. Other forms of acquired nystagmus are due to brainstem, cerebellar or metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ehrt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Mathildenstr. 8, D-80336 Muenchen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Russo A, Delcassi L, Marchina E, Semeraro F. Correlation between visual acuity and OCT-measured retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a family with ADOA and an OPA1 mutation. Ophthalmic Genet 2012; 34:69-74. [DOI: 10.3109/13816810.2012.702259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
7
|
The Role of FRMD7 in Idiopathic Infantile Nystagmus. J Ophthalmol 2011; 2012:460956. [PMID: 21904664 PMCID: PMC3163398 DOI: 10.1155/2012/460956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is an inherited disorder in which the nystagmus arises independently of any other symptoms, leading to the speculation that the disorder represents a primary defect in the area of the brain responsible for ocular motor control. The inheritance patterns are heterogeneous, however the most common form is X-linked. FRMD7 resides at Xq26-27 and approximately 50% of X-linked IIN families map to this region. Currently 45 mutations within FRMD7 have been associated with IIN, confirming the importance of FRMD7 in the pathogenesis of the disease. Although mutations in FRMD7 are known to cause IIN, very little is known about the function of the protein. FRMD7 contains a conserved N-terminal FERM domain suggesting that it may provide a link between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton. Limited studies together with the knowledge of the function of other FERM domain containing proteins, suggest that FRMD7 may play a role in membrane extension during neuronal development through remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton.
Collapse
|
8
|
Gallus GN, Cardaioli E, Rufa A, Collura M, Da Pozzo P, Pretegiani E, Tumino M, Pavone L, Federico A. High frequency of OPA1 mutations causing high ADOA prevalence in south-eastern Sicily, Italy. Clin Genet 2011; 82:277-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
We review current concepts of nystagmus and saccadic oscillations, applying a pathophysiological approach. We begin by discussing how nystagmus may arise when the mechanisms that normally hold gaze steady are impaired. We then describe the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with ocular oscillations. Next, we systematically review the features of nystagmus arising from peripheral and central vestibular disorders, nystagmus due to an abnormal gaze-holding mechanism (neural integrator), and nystagmus occurring when vision is compromised. We then discuss forms of nystagmus for which the pathogenesis is not well understood, including acquired pendular nystagmus and congenital forms of nystagmus. We then summarize the spectrum of saccadic disorders that disrupt steady gaze, from intrusions to flutter and opsoclonus. Finally, we review current treatment options for nystagmus and saccadic oscillations, including drugs, surgery, and optical methods. Examples of each type of nystagmus are provided in the form of figures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Thurtell
- Departments of Neurology and Daroff-Dell'Osso Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scherer C, Procaccio V, Ferre M, Guillet V, Reynier P, Amati-Bonneau P, Dubas F, Bonneau D, Verny C. [Hereditary optic atrophies]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2010; 166:959-65. [PMID: 21056443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2010.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary optic neuropathies, resulting from retinal ganglion cell degeneration, are a heterogeneous group of diseases ranging from asymptomatic forms to legal blindness. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Two most frequent phenotypes are Kjer's disease, an autosomal dominant optic atrophy caused by OPA1 gene mutations, and Leber's disease due to maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations. PROSPECTS AND CONCLUSION Both optic neuropathies usually isolated are sometimes associated with extraocular symptoms, especially neurological symptoms, thus justifying a systematic neurological evaluation and brain imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Scherer
- Département de neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cherchi M, Hain TC. Provocative maneuvers for vestibular disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-4231(10)09009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
12
|
CASK mutations are frequent in males and cause X-linked nystagmus and variable XLMR phenotypes. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 18:544-52. [PMID: 20029458 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) gene have recently been associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) with microcephaly, optic atrophy and brainstem and cerebellar hypoplasia, as well as with an X-linked syndrome having some FG-like features. Our group has recently identified four male probands from 358 probable XLMR families with missense mutations (p.Y268H, p.P396S, p.D710G and p.W919R) in the CASK gene. Congenital nystagmus, a rare and striking feature, was present in two of these families. We screened a further 45 probands with either nystagmus or microcephaly and mental retardation (MR), and identified two further mutations, a missense mutation (p.Y728C) and a splice mutation (c.2521-2A>T) in two small families with nystagmus and MR. Detailed clinical examinations of all six families, including an ophthalmological review in four families, were undertaken to further characterise the phenotype. We report on the clinical features of 24 individuals, mostly male, from six families with CASK mutations. The phenotype was variable, ranging from non-syndromic mild MR to severe MR associated with microcephaly and dysmorphic facial features. Carrier females were variably affected. Congenital nystagmus was found in members of four of the families. Our findings reinforce the CASK gene as a relatively frequent cause of XLMR in females and males. We further define the phenotypic spectrum and demonstrate that affected males with missense mutations or in-frame deletions in CASK are frequently associated with congenital nystagmus and XLMR, a striking feature not previously reported.
Collapse
|
13
|
Amati-Bonneau P, Milea D, Bonneau D, Chevrollier A, Ferré M, Guillet V, Gueguen N, Loiseau D, Crescenzo MAPD, Verny C, Procaccio V, Lenaers G, Reynier P. OPA1-associated disorders: Phenotypes and pathophysiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:1855-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Kumar A, Gottlob I. Diagnosis of idiopathic infantile nystagmus and ocular albinism: a clinical challenge. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.09.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Oetting WS, Armstrong CM, Holleschau AM, DeWan AT, Summers CG. Evidence for genetic heterogeneity in families with congenital motor nystagmus (CN). Ophthalmic Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1076/1381-6810(200012)2141-hft227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Congenital Idiopathic Nystagmus (CIN) is genetically heterogeneous. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked patterns of inheritance have been reported. Linkage analysis has suggested the existence of at least three distinct loci for both autosomal dominant and x-linked forms, although as yet no disease genes have been identified. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying nystagmus are poorly understood and it is likely that insights may arise from finding and characterizing disease genes. If linkage experiments are used to find "nystagmus genes," their power will depend heavily on accurate phenotyping to avoid misdiagnosis due to masquerading conditions and phenotypic variations within pedigrees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Self
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Self J, Lotery A. A review of the molecular genetics of congenital Idiopathic Nystagmus (CIN). Ophthalmic Genet 2008; 28:187-91. [PMID: 18161616 DOI: 10.1080/13816810701651233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Idiopathic Nystagmus (CIN) is genetically heterogeneous. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked patterns of inheritance have been reported. Linkage analysis has suggested the existence of at least three distinct loci for both autosomal dominant and X-linked forms, although only one disease gene has been identified (FRMD7, Xq26.2). The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying nystagmus are poorly understood but it is anticipated that characterization of the FRMD7 gene and identification of novel nystagmus genes will provide insights into this condition and the functioning and development of the visual pathways in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Self
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Thomas S, Proudlock FA, Sarvananthan N, Roberts EO, Awan M, McLean R, Surendran M, Kumar ASA, Farooq SJ, Degg C, Gale RP, Reinecke RD, Woodruff G, Langmann A, Lindner S, Jain S, Tarpey P, Raymond FL, Gottlob I. Phenotypical characteristics of idiopathic infantile nystagmus with and without mutations in FRMD7. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 131:1259-67. [PMID: 18372314 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) consists of involuntary oscillations of the eyes. The familial form is most commonly X-linked. We recently found mutations in a novel gene FRMD7 (Xq26.2), which provided an opportunity to investigate a genetically defined and homogeneous group of patients with nystagmus. We compared clinical features and eye movement recordings of 90 subjects with mutation in the gene (FRMD7 group) to 48 subjects without mutations but with clinical IIN (non-FRMD7 group). Fifty-eight female obligate carriers of the mutation were also investigated. The median visual acuity (VA) was 0.2 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 6/9) in both groups and most patients had good stereopsis. The prevalence of strabismus was also similar (FRMD7: 7.8%, non-FRMD7: 10%). The presence of anomalous head posture (AHP) was significantly higher in the non-FRMD7 group (P < 0.0001). The amplitude of nystagmus was more strongly dependent on the direction of gaze in the FRMD7 group being lower at primary position (P < 0.0001), compared to non-FRMD7 group (P = 0.83). Pendular nystagmus waveforms were also more frequent in the FRMD7 group (P = 0.003). Fifty-three percent of the obligate female carriers of an FRMD7 mutation were clinically affected. The VA's in affected females were slightly better compared to affected males (P = 0.014). Subnormal optokinetic responses were found in a subgroup of obligate unaffected carriers, which may be interpreted as a sub-clinical manifestation. FRMD7 is a major cause of X-linked IIN. Most clinical and eye movement characteristics were similar in the FRMD7 group and non-FRMD7 group with most patients having good VA and stereopsis and low incidence of strabismus. Fewer patients in the FRMD7 group had AHPs, their amplitude of nystagmus being lower in primary position. Our findings are helpful in the clinical identification of IIN and genetic counselling of nystagmus patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shery Thomas
- Ophthalmology Group, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu JY, Ren X, Yang X, Guo T, Yao Q, Li L, Dai X, Zhang M, Wang L, Liu M, Wang QK. Identification of a novel GPR143 mutation in a large Chinese family with congenital nystagmus as the most prominent and consistent manifestation. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:565-570. [PMID: 17516023 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital nystagmus is characterized by involuntary, rhythmical, repeated oscillations of one or both eyes. We studied a large Chinese family with nystagmus as a prominent and consistent manifestation phenotype in nine patients to map and identify a disease-causing gene for nystagmus. X-linked recessive inheritance was observed in the family, and foveal hypoplasia was detected in some of the nine patients. The disease gene was mapped to an approximately 10.6 Mb region flanked by DXS996 and DXS7593 on Xp22 with a significant peak multipoint LOD score. Analysis of 21 candidate genes in the region revealed a novel p.S89F mutation in the second transmembrane domain of GPR143, a G protein-coupled receptor which causes ocular albinism when mutated. All male patients in the family were hemizygous for the mutation; the female carriers were heterozygous for the mutation. The p.S89F mutation was not identified in 100 normal females or 100 normal males. Our results indicate that a mutation in the GPR143 gene can cause a variant form of ocular albinism, with congenital nystagmus as the most prominent and only consistent finding in all patients in this Chinese family. These results expand the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with GPR143 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- Development of Proof-Testing, Renmin Hospital of Tanghe, Tanghe, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangying Guo
- Development of Proof-Testing, Renmin Hospital of Tanghe, Tanghe, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yao
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic/NE40, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejin Wang
- Eye Center, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing K Wang
- Center for Human Genome Research and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic/NE40, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oh SY, Shin BS, Jeong KY, Hwang JM, Kim JS. Clinical and Oculographic Findings of X-linked Congenital Nystagmus in Three Korean Families. J Clin Neurol 2007; 3:139-46. [PMID: 19513281 PMCID: PMC2686841 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2007.3.3.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Congenital nystagmus (CN) is an ocular oscillation that usually manifests during early infancy. Typical features of CN include bilateral, conjugate, uniplanar, and usually horizontal eye movements, a null position, increased oscillation during fixation, and decreased amplitude during convergence. Our purposes were description and analysis of clinical and oculomotor findings of patients with X-linked familial CN. Methods We describe the clinical and oculographic features of five patients from three families with X-linked CN. Three-dimensional video-oculography disclosed various patterns of CN and variable degrees of gaze-holding deficits and visual impairments. Results The features of CN varied even in patients from the same family. Head tilt, strabismus, reversal of optokinetic nystagmus, and impairments of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, smooth pursuits, and saccades were frequent findings. Conclusions The intra- and interfamilial diversities imply that heredity plays a secondary role in determining the clinical phenotypes and waveforms of CN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Oh
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byong-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hertle RW, Yang D, Kelly K, Hill VM, Atkin J, Seward A. X-linked infantile periodic alternating nystagmus. Ophthalmic Genet 2005; 26:77-84. [PMID: 16020310 DOI: 10.1080/13816810590968014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and electrophysiological characterization of four family members from three generations who have X-linked infantile periodic alternating nystagmus (XIPAN). METHODS Complete clinical ophthalmological evaluation, pedigree analysis, electroretinograms (ERG), eye movement recordings (EMR), color vision, and fundus photography were performed on all subjects. RESULTS Three males in two generations and one female were examined. Clinical examinations showed a jerk/pendular nystagmus with a latent component, strabismus, and a significant refractive error in the three affected males, while the female had only myopic astigmatism. ERG, color contrast, and fundus examinations were normal in all four family members. All four family members showed EMR abnormalities with infantile jerk/dual jerk and pendular nystagmus waveforms. The female had nystagmus present on EMR only and all patients showed (a)periodicity to their nystagmus. CONCLUSIONS In this family with no other congenital visual sensory system disease, affected males had obvious periodic alternating nystagmus, strabismus, and refractive errors, while the female had clinically "silent" periodic nystagmus that is probably a marker for the carrier state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Hertle
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pittsburgh Eye and Ear Institute, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 3705 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hoffmann S, Becker A, Hoerle S, Metz A, Oertel WH, Sommer N, Hemmer B. Autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus is not linked to 6p12, 7p11, and 15q11 in a German family. Am J Ophthalmol 2004; 138:439-43. [PMID: 15364228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2004.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital nystagmus (CN) is an eye-movement disorder that usually starts within the first months of life. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-chromosomal pedigree patterns are observed. Causative genes are yet unknown. Several loci were implicated to contain disease-relevant genes for autosomal dominant CN (AD CN). AD CN cosegregated with a balanced translocation of 7;15 in a family. In a large black pedigree linkage was demonstrated to 6p12. DESIGN In this study, we describe a large German family with AD congenital nystagmus. Linkage of AD in this family was tested with previously implicated loci. METHODS Affected family members and unaffected members underwent genetic analysis. Key family members underwent ophthalmologic testing and oculography. RESULTS No linkage of AD CN to the implicated loci on 6p12, and 7p11, and 15q11 was found in this study. CONCLUSION In the presented pedigree genes on 15q11, and on the assumption of full penetrance, 6p12 and 7p11 are not involved in the development of AD congenital nystagmus.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- DNA/analysis
- Electrooculography
- Female
- Genes, Dominant
- Genetic Linkage
- Genetic Markers
- Germany/epidemiology
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Male
- Nystagmus, Congenital/diagnosis
- Nystagmus, Congenital/epidemiology
- Nystagmus, Congenital/genetics
- Pedigree
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Visual Acuity
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kerrison JB, Giorda R, Lenart TD, Drack AV, Maumenee IH. Clinical and genetic analysis of a family with X-linked congenital nystagmus (NYS1). Ophthalmic Genet 2001; 22:241-8. [PMID: 11803490 DOI: 10.1076/opge.22.4.241.2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a family with X-linked congenital nystagmus and identify the genetic interval within which the gene is located. METHODS AND DESIGN Clinical examination with genotyping of 30 individuals from a multi-generational Caucasian family with congenital nystagmus inherited in an X-linked pattern using markers from Xq26-q27, followed by linkage analysis and sequencing of a candidate gene, solute carrier family 25, member 14 (SLC25A14), in four affected individuals from four families linked to this region. RESULTS The pattern of inheritance in the family was consistent with X-linkage with incomplete penetrance among carrier females. No affected males had affected sons. Based on the extended pedigree, the estimated penetrance among obligate female carriers (daughters of affected males) was 29% (6 of 21). Visual acuity among 15 affected individuals ranged from 20/20 to 20/70 (median 20/30). Clinical examinations, including electroretinography in two individuals, were otherwise normal except for the presence of nystagmus. Significant LOD scores (theta = 0) were found with markers DXS8057, DXS8044, DXS1047, DXS1062, DXS8072, and DXS8078, placing the gene within a approximately 5 cM interval flanked by DXS9909 and DXS1211 on the long arm of the X chromosome. Sequencing the candidate gene SLC25A14 in four affected individuals from four families linked to this region failed to reveal any mutations. CONCLUSIONS NYS1 appears to be a common gene for familial congenital idiopathic nystagmus. Linkage analysis of this family further reduces the interval in which NYS1 is located.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Kerrison
- Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hopper E, Belinsky MG, Zeng H, Tosolini A, Testa JR, Kruh GD. Analysis of the structure and expression pattern of MRP7 (ABCC10), a new member of the MRP subfamily. Cancer Lett 2001; 162:181-91. [PMID: 11146224 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The MRP subfamily of ABC transporters currently consists of at least six members, several of which have been demonstrated to transport amphipathic anions and to confer in vitro resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In searching the data bases we identified the product of a cDNA sequencing project that bears significant similarity to MRP subfamily transporters. In this report the predicted coding sequence, protein product and expression pattern of this cDNA, termed MRP7, are analyzed. The MRP7 cDNA sequence encodes a 1492 amino acid ABC transporter whose structural architecture resembles that of MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, and MRP6, in that its transmembrane helices are arranged in three membrane spanning domains. However, in contrast to the latter transporters, a conserved N-linked glycosylation site is not found at the N-terminus of MRP7. Comparisons of the MRP7 amino acid sequence indicated that while it is most closely related to other MRP subfamily members, its degree of relatedness is the lowest of any of the known MRP-related transporters. The integrity of the predicted MRP7 coding sequence was confirmed by the synthesis of an approximately 158 kDa protein in reticulocyte lysates programmed with the MRP7 cDNA. While MRP7 transcript was detected in a variety of tissues by RT/PCR, it was not readily detectable by RNA blot analysis, suggesting that it is expressed at low levels in these tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that MRP7 maps to chromosome 6p12-21, in proximity to several genes associated with glutathione conjugation and synthesis. On the basis of these findings and evolutionary cluster analysis, we conclude that MRP7 is a member of the MRP subfamily of amphipathic anion transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Hopper
- Division of Medical Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hand JL, Michels VV, Marinello MJ, Ketterling RP, Jalal SM. Inherited interstitial deletion of chromosomes 5p and 16q without apparent phenotypic effect: further confirmation. Prenat Diagn 2000; 20:144-8; discussion 149-51. [PMID: 10694687 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(200002)20:2<144::aid-pd770>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe two families in which an inherited interstitial deletion is present without apparent associated phenotypic abnormalities. The first deletion was discovered in a 19-year-old male with a previously diagnosed peroxisomal disorder. High-resolution chromosome analysis was interpreted as 46,XY,del(5)(p14.1p14.3). The patient's phenotypically normal mother had the same interstitial deletion. Chromosome 5p14 deletion has been reported in a three-generation family without phenotypic anomalies. We hypothesize that the affected son's phenotype may be coincidental or represent unmasking of an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder in the deleted region. The second interstitial deletion was detected by amniocentesis for advanced maternal age. High-resolution chromosome analysis was interpreted as 46,XX,del(16)(q13q22). The same deletion was found in the healthy mother and a normal brother. The pregnancy was carried to term and resulted in the birth of a normal girl. We report these cases as further evidence that rare, unbalanced deletion of specific chromosomal regions may result in no phenotypic effect. Consequences may result from expression of an autosomal recessive disorder on the homologous chromosome. Identification of such deletions is especially important for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Hand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Walker MF, Zee DS. Eye-movement recordings in the evaluation of ophthalmologic and neurologic disorders. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1999; 10:401-4. [PMID: 10662244 DOI: 10.1097/00055735-199912000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of quantitative eye-movement recordings in the diagnosis of ophthalmologic and neurologic disorders and in the investigation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of and possible treatments for these disorders. Recently developed methods for measuring eye movements about all three axes of rotation (horizontal, vertical, and torsion) are emphasized. These techniques are providing important insights into the basic physiology of eye-movement control and into the mechanisms of ocular motor disturbances in which torsion plays a significant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Nystagmus may have onset in infancy or adulthood. Infantile-onset nystagmus is commonly associated with genetic disease, and recognition of the various genetic and nongenetic diseases in which it may develop has led to the understanding that nystagmus is often a response of the oculomotor system to an early-onset, bilateral abnormality of vision. Adult-onset nystagmus most often develops as a result of nongenetic neurologic disease, and it manifests in a variety of patterns. Genetic studies have allowed further identification of the genes and genetic loci associated with nystagmus, and careful eye-movement recordings in patients with various patterns of nystagmus have further clarified the oculomotor pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Kerrison
- Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Nystagmus continues to be a complex subject of study. Our ability to characterize nystagmus has improved, but our comprehension of the oculomotor control process underlying this condition remains vague. We review recent advances in the characterization, classification, and treatment of nystagmus. Congenital forms of nystagmus, nystagmus associated with strabismus, and available therapeutic options for congenital and acquired nystagmus are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D E Neely
- Indiana University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kerrison JB, Vagefi MR, Barmada MM, Maumenee IH. Congenital motor nystagmus linked to Xq26-q27. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 64:600-7. [PMID: 9973299 PMCID: PMC1377771 DOI: 10.1086/302244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital motor nystagmus (CMN) is a hereditary disorder characterized by bilateral ocular oscillations that begin in the first 6 mo of life. It must be distinguished from those genetic disorders-such as ocular albinism (OA), congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), and blue-cone monochromatism (BCM)-in which nystagmus accompanies a clinically apparent defect in the visual sensory system. Although CMN is presumed to arise from a neurological abnormality of fixation, it is not known whether the molecular defect is located in the eye or in the brain. It may be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked pattern. Three families with CMN inherited in an X-linked, irregularly dominant pattern were investigated with linkage and candidate gene analysis. The penetrance among obligate female carriers was 54%. Evaluation of markers in the region of the genes for X-linked OA, CSNB, and BCM revealed no evidence of linkage, supporting the hypothesis that CMN represents a distinct entity. The gene was mapped to chromosome Xq26-q27 with the following markers: GATA172D05 (LOD score 3.164; recombination fraction [theta] = 0.156), DXS1047 (LOD score 10.296; theta = 0), DXS1192 (LOD score 8.174; theta = 0.027), DXS1232 (LOD score 6.015; theta = 0.036), DXS984 (LOD score 6.695; theta = 0), and GATA31E08 (LOD score 4.940; theta = 0.083). Assessment of haplotypes and multipoint linkage analysis, which gave a maximum LOD score of 10.790 with the 1-LOD-unit support interval spanning approximately 7 cM, place the gene in a region between GATA172D05 and DXS1192. Evaluation of candidate genes CDR1 and SOX3 did not reveal mutations in affected male subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Kerrison
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Hereditary Eye Diseases, Baltimore, MD 21287-9237, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Klein C, Vieregge P, Heide W, Kemper B, Hagedorn-Greiwe M, Hagenah J, Vollmer C, Breakefield XO, Kömpf D, Ozelius L. Exclusion of chromosome regions 6p12 and 15q11, but not chromosome region 7p11, in a German family with autosomal dominant congenital nystagmus. Genomics 1998; 54:176-7. [PMID: 9806847 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Dominant/genetics
- Genetic Linkage
- Haplotypes
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Nystagmus, Pathologic/congenital
- Nystagmus, Pathologic/genetics
- Nystagmus, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Pedigree
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Klein
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|