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Pankratova N, Jović M, Pfeifer ME. Electrochemical sensing of blood proteins for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) diagnostics and prognostics: towards a point-of-care application. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17301-17319. [PMID: 34094508 PMCID: PMC8114542 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) being one of the principal causes of death and acquired disability in the world imposes a large burden on the global economy. Mild TBI (mTBI) is particularly challenging to assess due to the frequent lack of well-pronounced post-injury symptoms. However, if left untreated mTBI (especially when repetitive) can lead to serious long-term implications such as cognitive and neuropathological disorders. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging commonly used for TBI diagnostics require well-trained personnel, are costly, difficult to adapt for on-site measurements and are not always reliable in identifying small brain lesions. Thus, there is an increasing demand for sensitive point-of-care (POC) testing tools in order to aid mTBI diagnostics and prediction of long-term effects. Biomarker quantification in body fluids is a promising basis for POC measurements, even though establishing a clinically relevant mTBI biomarker panel remains a challenge. Actually, a minimally invasive, rapid and reliable multianalyte detection device would allow the efficient determination of injury biomarker release kinetics and thus support the preclinical evaluation and clinical validation of a proposed biomarker panel for future decentralized in vitro diagnostics. In this respect electrochemical biosensors have recently attracted great attention and the present article provides a critical study on the electrochemical protocols suggested in the literature for detection of mTBI-relevant protein biomarkers. The authors give an overview of the analytical approaches for transduction element functionalization, review recent technological advances and highlight the key challenges remaining in view of an eventual integration of the proposed concepts into POC diagnostic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Pankratova
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Milica Jović
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
| | - Marc E Pfeifer
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), School of Engineering, Institute of Life Technologies, Diagnostic Systems Research Group Route du Rawil 64 1950 Sion Switzerland
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2
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Reagentless amperometric cancer antigen 15-3 immunosensor based on enzyme-mediated direct electrochemistry. Biosens Bioelectron 2010; 25:2548-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Determination of benzhexol and procyclidine using an electrochemiluminescence-based sensor constructed by a screen-print technique. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Renedo OD, Alonso-Lomillo M, Martínez MA. Recent developments in the field of screen-printed electrodes and their related applications. Talanta 2007; 73:202-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Wu L, Yan F, Ju H. An amperometric immunosensor for separation-free immunoassay of CA125 based on its covalent immobilization coupled with thionine on carbon nanofiber. J Immunol Methods 2007; 322:12-9. [PMID: 17350032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A carbon nanomaterial, soluble carbon nanofiber, was used for the first time to construct an immunosensor for a rapid separation-free immunoassay. The acidic oxidation of the carbon nanofiber provided its solubility and wettability for convenient preparation of a porous carbon nanofiber membrane and a larger number of active sites for covalent binding of carcinoma antigen-125 (CA125) and thionine as electron transfer mediator. This matrix was a suitable environment for the immobilized protein. The immobilized HRP-labeled immunoconjugate showed good enzymatic activity for the oxidation of thionine by hydrogen peroxide. With a competitive mechanism, the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of this system decreased linearly with increasing CA125 concentration (from 2 to 75 U/ml) in the incubation solution. The CA125 immunosensor showed good precision, high sensitivity, acceptable stability and reproducibility with a detection limit of 1.8 U/ml. The soluble carbon nanofiber is a novel method for preparation of immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Education Ministry of China), Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Pravda M, O'Halloran MP, Kreuzer MP, Guilbault GG. COMPOSITE GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR BASED ON SCREEN-PRINTED ELECTRODES BULK MODIFIED WITH PRUSSIAN BLUE AND GLUCOSE OXIDASE. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120004548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Hart JP, Crew A, Crouch E, Honeychurch KC, Pemberton RM. Chapter 23 Screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors in biomedical, environmental and industrial applications. ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR ANALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(06)49023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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9
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Tang H, Chen J, Nie L, Kuang Y, Yao S. A label-free electrochemical immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and nonconductive polymer film. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1061-7. [PMID: 16797959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Revised: 04/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive label-free electrochemical immunoassay electrode for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been developed. CEA antibody (CEAAb) was covalently attached on glutathione (GSH) monolayer-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP) and the resulting CEAAb-AuNP bioconjugates were immobilized on Au electrode by electro-copolymerization with o-aminophenol (OAP). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies demonstrate that the formation of CEA antibody-antigen complexes increases the electron transfer resistance of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) redox pair at the poly-OAP/CEAAb-AuNP/Au electrode. The use of CEA antibody-AuNP bioconjugates and poly-OAP film could enhance the sensitivity and anti-nonspecific binding of the resulting immunoassay electrode. The preliminary application of poly-OAP/CEAAb-AuNP/Au electrode for detection of CEA was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Tang D, Yuan R, Chai Y. Electrochemical Immunosensing Strategies Based on Immobilization of Anti-IgC on Mixed Self-Assembly Monolayers Carrying Surface Amide or Carboxyl Groups. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600721332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Electrochemical immunoassay for CA125 based on cellulose acetate stabilized antigen/colloidal gold nanoparticles membrane. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Chen J, Yan F, Dai Z, Ju H. Reagentless amperometric immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin based on direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:330-6. [PMID: 16023960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel amperometric immunosensor for determination of human serum chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was constructed by immobilization of HCG with titania sol-gel on a glassy carbon electrode and the direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled to HCG antibody (HRP-anti-HCG). The morphologies of the HCG membrane were characterized to be chemically clean, porous and homogeneous. HRP-anti-HCG was functionally conjugated with the immobilized HCG after incubation in phosphate buffer (PBS) containing HRP-anti-HCG. A direct electron transfer of HRP with a rate constant of 1.35+/-0.40 s(-1) was observed at the HRP-anti-HCG-HCG/titania sol-gel membrane modified electrode in 0.1 M PBS pH 7.0. With a competitive mechanism the differential pulse voltammetric peak current of the immobilized HRP decreased linearly with an increasing HCG concentration from 2.5 to 12.5 mIU/ml in the incubation solution. The HCG immunosensor showed a detection limit of 1.4 mIU/ml, a good accuracy and acceptable precision and reproducibility with an intra-assay CV of 4.7% at 5.0 mIU/ml and an inter-assay precision of 8.1% obtained at 10 mIU/ml. The biosensor displayed a good stability in a storage period of 30 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Education Ministry of China, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Díaz-González M, González-García MB, Costa-García A. Immunosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2035-43. [PMID: 15741073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2004] [Revised: 09/07/2004] [Accepted: 09/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two methods have been compared to produce enzymatic voltammetric immunosensors for the determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (Ag360 and Ag231), using a pre-oxidised screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) as a signal transduction element. The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (AP) was used in combination with the substrate 3-indoxyl phosphate (3-IP). In one design, the immune complexes between M. tuberculosis antigens and monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis were formed out of the electrode surface. Then, the immune complexes were captured by biotinylated rabbit anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies, immobilised on the streptavidin modified SPCEs through the streptavidin:biotin reaction. Finally, an alkaline phosphatase (AP) labelled rabbit IgG anti-mouse immunoglobulin G was used as a detector antibody. In the other design, the M. tuberculosis antigens were captured by monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis, which were immobilised on the electrode surface through the reaction with rabbit IgG passively adsorbed on the SPCEs. The biotinylated rabbit anti-M. tuberculosis antibodies were used with an alkaline phosphatase labelled streptavidin as detector antibodies. The best results for M. tuberculosis antigen determination were obtained using the immunosensor on the streptavidin modified SPCEs and the immune complexes between antigen Ag231 and monoclonal antibodies MabF184-3, with a detection limit of 1.0 ng/ml. The immunosensor was also applied to Ag231 spiked proteic matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Díaz-González
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Yu X, Kim SN, Papadimitrakopoulos F, Rusling JF. Protein immunosensor using single-wall carbon nanotube forests with electrochemical detection of enzyme labels. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2005; 1:70-8. [PMID: 16880966 DOI: 10.1039/b502124c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned arrays of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT forests) on pyrolytic graphite surfaces were developed for amperometric enzyme-linked immunoassays. Improved fabrication of these SWNT forests utilizing aged nanotube dispersions provided higher nanotube density and conductivity. Biosensor performance enhancement was monitored using nanotube-bound peroxidase enzymes showing a 3.5-fold better sensitivity for H2O2 than when using fresh nanotubes to assemble the forests, and improved detection limits. Absence of improvements by electron mediation for detection of H2O2 suggested very efficient electron exchange between nanotubes and enzymes attached to their ends. Protein immunosensors were made by attaching antibodies to the carboxylated ends of nanotube forests. Utilizing casein/detergent blocking to minimize non-specific binding, a detection limit of 75 pmol mL(-1) (75 nM) was achieved for human serum albumin (HSA) in unmediated sandwich immunosensors using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labels. Mediation of the immunosensors dramatically lowered the detection limit to 1 pmol mL(-1) (1 nM), providing significantly better performance than alternative methods. In the immunosensor case, the average distance between HRP labels and nanotube ends is presumably too large for efficient direct electron exchange, but this situation can be overcome by electron mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Lin J, Ju H. Electrochemical and chemiluminescent immunosensors for tumor markers. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1461-70. [PMID: 15626599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The determination of serum tumor markers plays an important role in clinical diagnoses for the patients with certain tumor-associated disease. Although many commercial kits have been applied in clinical immunoassays, conventional methods always have some disadvantages, resulting in the need of other new, efficient, and easily automated methods. Immunosensors, considered as a major development in immunochemical field, have attracted considerable attention. With the aim of rapid screening, many immunosensors that are small, semi-automated and portable are being developed. This brief review focuses on the current research of immunosensors for tumor markers based on the electrochemical and chemiluminescent detection with emphasis on recent advances, challenges, and trends. The works on series of novel immunosensors developed for the determination of tumor markers in our group in the last few years are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Du D, Yan F, Liu S, Ju H. Immunological assay for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 using an electrochemical immunosensor and antigen immobilization in titania sol–gel matrix. J Immunol Methods 2003; 283:67-75. [PMID: 14659900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel electrochemical immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) based on the immobilization of CA19-9 with titania sol-gel on a graphite electrode (GE) by vapor deposition. The CA19-9 membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and proved to be chemically clean, porous and homogeneous. The incubation of the immunosensor in a solution containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled CA19-9 antibody led to the binding of HRP-labeled antibody with the immobilized antigen. The immobilized HRP catalyzed the oxidation of catechol by H(2)O(2) and this provided a competitive method for the measurement of serum CA19-9. The response current decreased with increasing CA19-9 concentration in the incubation solution. The effects of pH, amount of HRP-labeled antibody, incubation time and temperature were explored to provide optimum analytical performance. Under optimal conditions, the current decrease of the immunosensor was proportional to CA19-9 concentrations in the range of 3-20 U/ml with a detection limit of 2.68 U/ml at a current decrease of 10%. The detection of CA19-9 in two serum samples obtained from clinically diagnosed patients with pancreatic carcinoma showed acceptable accuracy. The proposed immunosensor provides a new promising tool for the clinical immunoassay of CA19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, PR China
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Dai Z, Yan F, Chen J, Ju H. Reagentless Amperometric Immunosensors Based on Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase for Determination of Carcinoma Antigen-125. Anal Chem 2003; 75:5429-34. [PMID: 14710822 DOI: 10.1021/ac034213t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for immunoassay and the preparation of reagentless immunosensors was proposed. This strategy was based on the immobilization of antigen and the direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) that was labeled to an antibody. A reagentless immunosensor for carcinoma antigen-125 (CA 125) determination was developed. The immunosensor was prepared by immobilizing CA 125 with titania sol-gel on a glassy carbon electrode by the vapor deposition method. The incubation of the immunosensor in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) including HRP-labeled CA 125 antibody led to the formation of a HRP-modified surface. The immobilized HRP displayed its direct electrochemistry with a rate constant of 3.04 +/- 1.21 s(-1). With a competition mechanism, a differential pulse voltammetric determination method for CA 125 was established by the peak current decrease of the immobilized HRP. The current decrease resulted from the competitive binding of the CA 125 in sample solution and the immobilized CA 125 to the limited amount of HRP-labeled CA 125 antibody. Under optimal conditions, the current decrease was proportional to CA 125 concentration ranging from 2 to 14 units mL(-1) with a detection limit of 1.29 units mL(-1) at a current decrease by 10%. The CA 125 immunosensor showed good accuracy and acceptable precision and fabrication reproducibility with intraassay CVs of 8.7 and 5.5% at 8 and 14 units mL(-1) CA 125 concentrations, respectively, and interassay CV of 19.8% at 8 units mL(-1). The storage stability was acceptable in a pH 7.0 PBS at 4 degrees C for 15 days. The proposed method provided a new promising platform for clinical immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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Gao Q, Ma Y, Cheng Z, Wang W, Yang X. Flow injection electrochemical enzyme immunoassay based on the use of an immunoelectrode strip integrate immunosorbent layer and a screen-printed carbon electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00578-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhou YM, Hu SQ, Shen GL, Yu RQ. An amperometric immunosensor based on an electrochemically pretreated carbon-paraffin electrode for complement III (C3) assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2003; 18:473-81. [PMID: 12604265 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical immunosensor based on the adsorption of anti-complement III antibody onto an electrochemical pretreated carbon-paraffin electrode has been proposed for the detection of complement III (C(3)). The competitive immunoassay format was adopted with horseradish peroxide-C(3) (HRP-C(3)) as a tracer, 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide as the enzyme substrates. In order to measure the amount of HRP-C(3) binding onto the electrode surface, the product of the enzyme catalytic reaction was detected at 100 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode). The system was optimized to realize a reliable determination of C(3) in the range of 0.06-10 microg/ml. It exhibits some advantages, such as simplicity of fabrication, rapidity of measurement, and satisfactory sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing Technology and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Moore EJ, Pravda M, Kreuzer MP, Guilbault GG. Comparative Study of 4-Aminophenyl Phosphate and Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate, as Substrates for Alkaline Phosphatase Based Amperometric Immunosensor. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120017692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Electrochemical enzyme immunoassay using immobilized antibody on gold film with monitoring of surface plasmon resonance signal. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhou YM, Liu GD, Wu ZY, Shen GL, Yu RQ. An amperometric immunosensor based on a conducting immunocomposite electrode for the determination of Schistosoma japonicum antigen. ANAL SCI 2002; 18:155-9. [PMID: 11874118 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A renewable amperometric immunosensor based on a graphite-paraffin-Schistosoma japonicum antibody (SjAb) biocomposite electrode has been prepared for the detection of Schistosoma japonicum antigen (SjAg). Competitive ELISA was employed involving HRP-SjAg as a tracer and 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate. The product of an enzyme catalytic reaction was detected at +0.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode) for measuring the amount of HRP-labeled SjAg binding to the electrode surface. The assay conditions were optimized, including the amount of SjAb loading in the electrode and HRP-SjAg in the incubation solution, the pH of the measuring solution and the incubation time. The measuring range was 0.5-30 microg/ml under the optimum conditions. Rabbit serum samples of different infection degree were measured, which demonstrated that the immunosensor meets the demands of clinical analysis. It exhibits some advantages, such as simplicity of fabrication, rapidity of measurement, and satisfactory sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing Technology and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China
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