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Zhang XF, Du JX, Teng SQ, Liu H, He J, Feng T, Liu JK. Carpesabrolide A, a novel meroterpenoid with anti-inflammatory activity from Carpesium abrotanoides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11002-11006. [PMID: 38586440 PMCID: PMC10995668 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00292j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Carpesabrolide A (1), featuring an unprecedented fumaric acid-guaiane sesquiterpenoid hybrid, has been isolated from the folk medicinal plant Carpesium abrotanoides. The structure with absolute configuration has been established by spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 is proposed. Compound 1 shows significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting NO production with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Xian Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Si-Qiong Teng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
| | - Juan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 China
- College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University 182 Minzu Road Wuhan 430074 P.R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central Minzu University Wuhan 430074 China
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New 11-Methoxymethylgermacranolides from the Whole Plant of Carpesium divaricatum. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185991. [PMID: 36144722 PMCID: PMC9505371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new 11-methoxymethylgermacranolides (1–8) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum and X-ray crystallographic analysis, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 2–8 were determined by similar ECD data with 1. The absolute configurations of 5 and 7 were further confirmed by using quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compound 4 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. Compound 8 could potently decrease PGE2 productions in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.
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Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Carpesium. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Carpesium (Family – Compositae) is a genus with 24 species of mainly perennial herbs. Several species of this genus have served as folk medicine in China and Korea for their antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity properties. Chemical constituents are mostly sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, glycosides, and several other types of compounds. This article summarizes the literature on the isolated and identified constituents from various Carpesium species and their various biological activities.
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Zhong W, Li M, Han S, Sun J, Cao L, Mu Z, Du X, Cui Y, Feng Y, Zhong G. Carpelipines C and D, Two Anti-Inflammatory Germacranolides from the Flowers of Carpesium lipskyi Winkl. (Asteraceae). Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200415. [PMID: 35608872 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two new germacranolides, carpelipine C (1) and carpelipine D (2), together with four known ones (3-6), were isolated from Carpesium lipskyi Winkl. flowers, a folk Tibetan herbal medicine with antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The chemical structures of new structure were illuminated by diversified spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Compounds 1 and 3 dramatically suppressed the synthesis of NO and decreased pre-inflammatory protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway were involved in the anti-inflammatory process of 1 and 3, and their effects on reducing oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were also measured. This article indicated that the traditional use of C. lipskyi to treat inflammatory diseases has a certain rationality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zhong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Shan Han
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Lan Cao
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Zejing Mu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolang Du
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
| | - Yushun Cui
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330046, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330046, P. R. China
| | - Guoyue Zhong
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, P. R. China
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330046, P. R. China
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Ahn JH, Song EJ, Jung DH, Kim YJ, Seo IS, Park SC, Jung YS, Cho ES, Mo SH, Hong JJ, Cho JY, Park JH. The sesquiterpene lactone estafiatin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and protects mice from sepsis induced by LPS and cecal ligation puncture. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153934. [PMID: 35172258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found that the water extract of Artermisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit suppressed the cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and alleviated carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in mice. Artemisia contains various sesquiterpene lactones and most of them exert immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of estafiatin (EST), a sesquiterpene lactone derived from A. scoparia, on LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and mouse sepsis model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and THP-1 cells, a human monocytic leukemia cell line, were pretreated with different doses of EST for 2 h, followed by LPS treatment. The gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analysis. The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also evaluated at the level of phosphorylation. The effect of EST on inflammatory cytokine production, lung histopathology, and survival rate was assessed in an LPS-induced mice model of septic shock. The effect of EST on the production of cytokines in LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo experiments and protective effect of EST on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mice was also assessed. RESULTS The LPS-induced expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS was suppressed at the mRNA and protein levels in BMDMs and THP-1 cells, respectively, by pretreatment with EST. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EST on IL-6 and TNF-α production were determined as 3.2 μM and 3.1 μM in BMDMs, 3 μM and 3.4 μM in THP1 cells, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with EST significantly reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation p65, p38, JNK, and ERK in both cell types. In the LPS-induced mice model of septic shock, serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL1, and CXCL2 were lower in EST-treated mice than in the control animals. Histopathology analysis revealed that EST treatment ameliorated LPS-induced lung damage. Moreover, while 1 of 7 control mice given lethal dose of LPS survived, 3 of 7 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 5 of 7 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice were survived. Pretreatment of EST dose-dependently suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL1 in peritoneal macrophages. In CLP-induced mice sepsis model, while all 6 control mice was dead at 48 h, 1 of 6 EST-treated (1.25 mg/kg) mice and 3 of 6 EST-treated (2.5 mg/kg) mice survived for 96 h. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that EST exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated macrophages and protects mice from sepsis. Our study suggests that EST could be developed as a new therapeutic agent for sepsis and various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hun Ahn
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Hyeon Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeong-Jun Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Su Seo
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Chan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Seok Jung
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Seo Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyun Mo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk 28116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kłeczek N, Malarz J, Gierlikowska B, Skalniak Ł, Galanty A, Kiss AK, Stojakowska A. Germacranolides from Carpesium divaricatum: Some New Data on Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:4644. [PMID: 34361797 PMCID: PMC8347481 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carpesium divaricatum Sieb. & Zucc., a traditional medicinal plant used as an inflammation-relieving remedy, is a rich source of terpenoids. At least 40 germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones, representatives of four different structural groups, were isolated from the plant. Cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro is the most frequently described biological activity of the compounds. However, little is known about the selectivity of the cytotoxic effect. The anti-inflammatory activity of the germacranolides is also poorly documented. The objective of the present study was to assess the cytotoxic activity of selected C. divaricatum germacranolides-derivatives of 4,5,8,9-tetrahydroxy-3-oxo-germacran-6,12-olide towards cancer and normal cell lines (including cells of different p53 status). Moreover, to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the compounds, the release of four proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and CCL2) by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human neutrophils was measured by ELISA. The investigated sesquiterpene lactones demonstrated nonselective activity towards prostate cancer (Du145 and PC3) and normal prostate epithelial cells (PNT2) as well as against melanoma cells (A375 and HTB140) and keratinocytes (HaCaT). Cytotoxic activity against osteosarcoma cells was independent of their p53 status. In sub-cytotoxic concentrations (0.5-2.5 µM) the studied compounds significantly decreased cytokine/chemokine release by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human leukocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/classification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/classification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Asteraceae/chemistry
- Asteraceae/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/immunology
- Cytotoxins/chemistry
- Cytotoxins/classification
- Cytotoxins/isolation & purification
- Cytotoxins/pharmacology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/immunology
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Neutrophils/cytology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry
- Plant Components, Aerial/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal
- Poland
- Primary Cell Culture
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/classification
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/isolation & purification
- Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kłeczek
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 63a, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Skalniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna K. Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
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Huang Y, Mao J, Zhang L, Guo H, Yan C, Chen M. Incaspitolide A isolated from Carpesium cernuum L. inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells and induces apoptosis via regulation of the PI3K/Akt/xIAP pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:477. [PMID: 33968193 PMCID: PMC8100957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpesium cernuum L. is a traditional medicine primarily used in Southwestern China, and it has been shown to exhibit a range of biological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Incaspitolide A (IA) is a sesquiterpene isolated from C. cernuum L. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiproliferative effects of IA on PC-3 prostate cancer cells and determine the underlying mechanism. Results from a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that IA significantly reduced the numbers of viable PC-3 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Phase-contrast microscopy revealed that the number and morphology of cells were markedly altered. Hoechst and EdU staining assays showed that IA reduced the proliferation of PC-3 cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that IA arrested cell cycle progression at the S phase and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that treatment with IA resulted in downregulation of phosphorylated (p-) PI3K, p-Akt, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (xIAP), CKD2, cyclin A2 and pro-Caspase-3 protein expression, and upregulation of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and P53 expression. The present results suggested that IA inhibited the growth of PC-3 cells and induced apoptosis. The underlying mechanism appeared to involve the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/xIAP pathway. The present study indicated that IA may serve as a therapeutic for the management of prostate cancer and provided a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshe Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400715, P.R. China.,Agricultural College, An Shun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400715, P.R. China
| | - Lai Zhang
- Agricultural College, An Shun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan 400715, P.R. China
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Kim YJ, Seok JH, Cheung W, Lee SN, Jang HH, Bae S, Lee H. Effects of Helichrysum bracteatum flower extracts on UVB irradiation-induced inflammatory biomarker expression. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum bracteatum (H. bracteatum) flower extracts in vitro.
Methods
H. bracteatum flowers were extracted with water, ethanol and 1,3-butylene glycol, and the anti-oxidative activities of the extracts were measured using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The inhibition of the expression of inflammation-related genes, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was evaluated in vitro using reverse transcription-PCR in ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa cells). To investigate the inhibitory effects of H. bracteatum flower extracts on UVB-induced inflammatory responses in HEKa cells, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation; statistical significance was calculated using the Student’s t-test.
Results
The DPPH assay results showed that H. bracteatum flower extracts have good anti-oxidative effects and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related genes IL-6, COX-2 and TNF-α. Moreover, the production of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by H. bracteatum flower extracts.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that H. bracteatum flower extracts have efficacy against UVB-induced inflammation-related gene expression.
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Zhang T, Zhang QB, Fu L, Li LY, Ma LY, Si JG, Zhang HW, Wei JH, Yu SS, Zou ZM. New antiproliferative germacranolides from Carpesium divaricatum. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11493-11502. [PMID: 35520265 PMCID: PMC9063262 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new highly oxygenated (2–7) and one known (1) germacranolides were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by circular dichroism (CD) and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 2 and 4–6 were determined by similar CD data to 1 and 3, respectively. All isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against three human tumor cell lines, and compounds 3 and 6 show antiproliferative activities against HeLa and Hep G2 cells with IC50 values of 4.13–8.37 μM. Intensive mechanism study showed that 3 caused cell-cycle arrest at the S/G2 phase and induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells through a mitochondria-related pathway. A new compound from Carpesium divaricatum has the potential to treat liver cancer through apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.![]()
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Carpescernolides A and B, rare oxygen bridge-containing sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium cernuum. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang T, Chen JH, Si JG, Ding G, Zhang QB, Zhang HW, Jia HM, Zou ZM. Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Absolute Configuration of Germacrane Isomers from Carpesium divaricatum. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12418. [PMID: 30127485 PMCID: PMC6102216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Five sets of germacrane isomers (1/8/17, 2/7/10/11/13/16/18, 3/4/5/14/20, 6/12/15, and 9/19) with different skeletal types, including seven new ones (1-3, 8-9, and 15-16) were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. Among them, there are six pairs of stereoisomers (1/8, 2/13, 4/14, 6/12, 7/11 and 10/11). The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 4, 10, 11, and 17 were established by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and X-ray crystallographic analyses, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 1-3, 8-9, and 15-16 were determined by similar CD spectra with 4, 10, 11, and 17, respectively. The confusion in the literature about subtypes I and II of germacranolides was clarified in this paper. The NMR data of 10-11, and the absolute configurations of the known compounds 4-6, 13-14, and 17-20 were reported for the first time. Compounds 13, 17, and 18 showed cytotoxicity against human cervical (HeLa), colon (LoVo) and stomach cancer (BGC-823) cell lines with IC50 values in the range 4.72-13.68 μM compared with the control cis-platin (7.90-15.34 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Huan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Guang Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Jia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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Wang L, Qin W, Tian L, Zhang XX, Lin F, Cheng F, Chen JF, Liu CX, Guo ZY, Proksch P, Zou K. Caroguaianolide A–E, five new cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium abrotanoides L. Fitoterapia 2018; 127:349-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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13
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Three New Highly Oxygenated Germacranolides from Carpesium Divaricatum and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051078. [PMID: 29751555 PMCID: PMC6102670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new highly oxygenated (2⁻4), and two known (1 and 5) germacranolides, were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was established using the circular dichroism (CD) method and X-ray diffraction, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 2⁻4 were determined using similar CD spectra with 1. The new compound 2 and the known compound 5 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against hepatocellular cancer (Hep G2) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, superior to those of the positive control cis-platin.
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Xu DD, Yan Y, Jiang CX, Liang JJ, Li HF, Wu QX, Zhu Y. Sesquiterpenes and diterpenes with cytotoxic activities from the aerial parts of Carpesium humile. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:50-56. [PMID: 29689329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Carpesium humile Winkl is an endemic Chinese species and no previous phytochemical studies have been reported for this species. Two new germacranolides (1 and 2) and a new phytane diterpene (5), together with five known compounds (two sesquiterpenoids and three diterpenoids), were isolated from the aerial parts of C. humile. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The conformations and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by combinative analysis of NMR, CD exciton chirality, and X-ray crystallography data. Four germacranolides (1-4) showed strong cytotoxic activities, with broad spectrum activities against six human cancer (HepG2, HeLa, HL60, SGC7901, Lewis, and MDA231) cell lines in vitro using MTT assay, with IC50 values from 3.09 to 7.71 μg/mL. Diterpenes (5, 6, and 8) also displayed good cytotoxic activities for selected cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the range 5.46-8.08 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chun-Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Liang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pre-clinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Quan-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Sokovic M, Ciric A, Glamoclija J, Skaltsa H. Biological Activities of Sesquiterpene Lactones Isolated from the Genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae). Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:2767-2786. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170215113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sokovic
- Institute for Biological Research, “Siniša Stanković”, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ciric
- Department of Plant Physiology, Mycological Laboratory, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamoclija
- Department of Plant Physiology, Mycological Laboratory, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece
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Torilin Inhibits Inflammation by Limiting TAK1-Mediated MAP Kinase and NF- κB Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7250968. [PMID: 28316375 PMCID: PMC5337842 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7250968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Torilin, a sesquiterpene isolated from the fruits of Torilis japonica, has shown antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, data on the mechanism of torilin action against inflammation is limited. This study aimed at determining the anti-inflammatory property of torilin in LPS-induced inflammation using in vitro model of inflammation. We examined torilin's effect on expression levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The involvement of NF-kB and AP-1, MAP kinases, and adaptor proteins were assessed. Torilin strongly inhibited LPS-induced NO release, iNOS, PGE2, COX-2, NF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and GM-CSF gene and protein expressions. In addition, MAPKs were also suppressed by torilin pretreatment. Involvement of ERK1/2, P38MAPK, and JNK1/2 was further confirmed by PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125 mediated suppression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. Furthermore, torilin attenuated NF-kB and AP-1 translocation, DNA binding, and reporter gene transcription. Interestingly, torilin inhibited TAK1 kinase activation with the subsequent suppression of MAPK-mediated JNK, p38, ERK1/2, and AP-1 (ATF-2 and c-jun) activation and IKK-mediated I-κBα degradation, p65/p50 activation, and translocation. Together, the results revealed the suppression of NF-κB and AP-1 regulated inflammatory mediator and cytokine expressions, suggesting the test compound's potential as a candidate anti-inflammatory agent.
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Wu JW, Tang C, Ke CQ, Yao S, Liu HC, Lin LG, Ye Y. Dicarabrol A, dicarabrone C and dipulchellin A, unique sesquiterpene lactone dimers from Carpesium abrotanoides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three sesquiterpene lactone dimers with an unprecedented skeleton were isolated from the whole plants of Carpesium abrotanoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
| | - Chunping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qiang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macao 999078
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- P. R. China
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Zhang T, Si JG, Zhang QB, Ding G, Zou ZM. New Highly Oxygenated Germacranolides from Carpesium divaricatum and their Cytotoxic Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27237. [PMID: 27265755 PMCID: PMC4893730 DOI: 10.1038/srep27237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight highly oxygenated germacranolides (1–8) including four new ones (2–5) were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium divaricatum. The planar structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by NMR experiment and HRESIMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by circular dichroism (CD) method and X-ray diffraction, and the stereochemistry of the new compounds 2–5 were determined by similar CD spectra with 1. Compound 2 is the first hydroperoxyl germacrane from the genus Carpesium. The 13C NMR data of 1, NMR data of 6–7, and their absolute configurations were reported for the first time. Two new compounds (2 and 4) and two known compounds (6 and 8) exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, superior to that of the positive control doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Guang Si
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Bo Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Mei Zou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Zhang JP, Wang GW, Tian XH, Yang YX, Liu QX, Chen LP, Li HL, Zhang WD. The genus Carpesium: a review of its ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 163:173-91. [PMID: 25639815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plants in the genus Carpesium, which grow naturally in Asia and Europe, have long been used in traditional Chinese, Korean and Japanese medicines. The antipyretic, antimalarial, haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying properties of their extracts enabled their use in the treatment of several diseases, such as fevers, colds, contusions, diarrhoea, mastitis, mumps, hepatitis, malaria, etc. This review summarises the state-of-the-art and comprehensive information surrounding its use as traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology to reveal the potential therapeutic effects of Carpesium plants and to establish a solid foundation for directing future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extensive reading and investigation were actualised by systematically searching the scientific literatures including Chinese, Korean and Japanese herbal classics, library catalogs and scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciFinder and the Web of Science), were systematically searched for topics related to factors like the chemical constituents, pharmacognostic research and pharmacological effects of the Carpesium species. RESULTS Carpesium plants have been studied extensively as traditional folk medicines in China, Korea and Japan all the time. In past, phytochemical research was the focal point of this genus, and the recent studies of the members of this genus have been focused on the pharmacological activity and potential therapeutic applications of these plants. The research performed revealed that 143 compounds including sesquiterpenoid lactone monomers, sesquiterpenoid lactone dimers, monoterpenes, diterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and several other type of compounds, were isolated and identified within this genus in recent years, and certain of these constituents had demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-plasmodial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial effects. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that approximately 50 active compounds possess therapeutic potential during the treatment of cancer, inflammatory, parasitosis, etc. However, apart from those bioactive molecules, a considerable part of compounds, including a lot of sesquiterpenes, and several other type of compounds that have been previously isolated but have not been tested biologically need to be further tested. Therefore, more pharmacological experiments should be focused on these untested chemical constituents. Additionally, another issue concerns that most pharmacological studies were only performed in vitro-based experiments, so additional in vivo tests in animal models are required to estimate their side effects for the safety approval of therapeutic applications. Finally, further studies through well controlled, double-blind clinical trials are required to re-evaluate their efficacious and possible side effects, and more pharmacological mechanisms on main active compounds will also be needed for illuminating correlations between ehnopharmacology and pharmacology in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Guo-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xin-Hui Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yong-Xun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Qing-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Lee TH, Jung M, Bang MH, Chung DK, Kim J. Inhibitory effects of a spinasterol glycoside on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines via down-regulating MAP kinase pathways and NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:264-70. [PMID: 22595195 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from the leaves of Stewartia koreana are known to exhibit strong anti-inflammatory activity. Investigation of bioactive compounds from S. koreana has led to the isolation of 3-O-β-d-glucopyanosylspinasterol (spinasterol-Glc), a spinasterol glycoside. In the present study, we examined the effects of spinasterol-Glc on production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells and in mouse models. Our results showed that spinasterol-Glc inhibited the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in dose-dependent manners in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Spinasterol-Glc inhibited the expression of iNOS and the proinflammatory cytokine genes. Spinasterol-Glc also inhibited phosphorylation of IκB-α and IKKα/β as well as translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus. We demonstrated that spinasterol-Glc reduced transcription of the NF-κB minimal promoter and NF-κB DNA binding activity. Administration of the spinasterol-Glc significantly decreased the plasma levels of these inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-injected mice and improved survival of septic mice with lethal endotoxemia. These results suggest that spinasterol-Glc has effective inhibitory effects on production of inflammatory mediators via inhibition of MAP kinases/NF-κB activities, and can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Lee
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
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Gu Y, Wang X, Wang X, Yuan M, Wu G, Hu J, Tang Y, Huang C. Artemisinin Attenuates Post-Infarct Myocardial Remodeling by Down-Regulating the NF-κB Pathway. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2012; 227:161-70. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.227.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Mingjie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
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Khanavi M, Ahmadi R, Rajabi A, Jabbari Arfaee S, Hassanzadeh G, Khademi R, Hadjiakhoondi A, Beyer C, Sharifzadeh M. Pharmacological and histological effects of Centaurea bruguierana ssp. belangerana on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats. J Nat Med 2011; 66:343-9. [PMID: 21993908 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The species Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand.-Mazz. ssp. belangerana (DC.) Bornm. (CBB) (Asteraceae), known as "Baad-Avard" in Borazjan, Bushehr Province, southern Iran, is used in folk medicine as a hypoglycemic herb in diabetes and as a remedy for peptic ulcer disorders. Total 80% EtOH extract and petroleum ether, CHCl(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH, and remaining fractions obtained by solvent-solvent fractionation of dried aerial flowering parts of the plant were investigated for anti-ulcer activity against indomethacin-induced ulcerogenesis in rats. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index (UI) and ulcer inhibition. The UI was significantly reduced in all treated animals. A dramatic decrease in the UI was observed following the administration of total extract (100 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and CHCl(3) fraction (42 mg/kg, ***p < 0.001) in comparison with the control group. The percentage ulcer inhibition with total extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg (97.66%) and CHCl(3) fraction at a dose of 42 mg/kg (96.96%) was found to be higher (p < 0.001) than the reference group (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) (87.08%). The pharmacological and histological results of the present study proved that the aerial flowering parts of CBB possess preventive activity against peptic ulcer, supporting the traditional assertion in southern Iranian folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Saghir J, Al-Ashi R, Salloum R, Saliba NA, Talhouk RS, Homaidan FR. Anti-inflammatory properties of Salograviolide A purified from Lebanese plant Centaurea ainetensis. Altern Ther Health Med 2009; 9:36. [PMID: 19775456 PMCID: PMC2761300 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-9-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-inflammatory activities of medicinal plants have largely been attributed to their content of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). SLs are predominantly found in the sunflower family Asteraceae and have been isolated from many plants of this family, particularly Centaurea. The anti-inflammatory activities of extract of Centaurea ainetensis, a Lebanese endemic plant, and the isolated active molecule were assessed for their potential ant-inflammatory activities. METHODS Plant extract from Centaurea ainetensis, and the isolated active ingredient Salograviolide A (SA), a sesquiterpene lactones guaianolide, were used for the study. Western blotting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to test the effects of the plant extract and SA on interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels and in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation in an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) of inflammation. Their effects on inflammation score and cytokine levels were also studied in an iodoacetoamide-induced rat model of inflammation. RESULTS Plant extract and SA were shown to reverse the effects observed by IL-1 on COX-2 levels and NF-kappaB translocation in IEC. SA decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines and the level of inflammation in the animal model. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SA may be useful in the development of natural therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Jin HK, Ahn SH, Yoon JW, Park JW, Lee EK, Yoo JS, Lee JC, Choi WS, Han JW. Rapamycin down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase by inducing proteasomal degradation. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:988-92. [PMID: 19483303 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian serine/threonine kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of cells with rapamycin significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitrite production and the expression of iNOS protein in a dose-dependent manner. However, LPS-induced mRNA expression of iNOS and its concomitant activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB remained unchanged by rapamycin. Intriguingly, LPS-induced nitrite production and iNOS protein expression were partially blocked at nanomolar concentrations of rapamycin, whereas phosphorylation of both p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 was completely abolished. The suppression of LPS-induced iNOS expression by rapamycin was reversed by the protease inhibitor lactacystin. Furthermore, rapamycin treatment stimulated 20S proteasome activity, which was slightly elevated by LPS. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that rapamycin down-regulates LPS-induced iNOS protein expression via proteasomal activation, as well as through inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyoung Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Kim MR, Hwang BY, Jeong ES, Lee YM, Yoo HS, Chung YB, Hong JT, Moon DC. Cytotoxic germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones from Carpesium triste var. manshuricum. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:556-60. [PMID: 17615673 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four known germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones, 2alpha,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6alpha-angeloyloxy-9beta-isobutyloxy-germacran-8alpha,12-olide (1), 2alpha,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6alpha,9beta-diangeloyloxy-germacran-8alpha,12-olide (2, divaricin B), 2alpha,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6alpha-angeloyloxy-9beta-(2-methylbutyloxy)-germacran-8alpha,12-olide (3) and 2alpha,5-epoxy-5,10-dihydroxy-6alpha-angeloyloxy-9beta-(3-methylbutyloxy)-germacran-8alpha,12-olide (4), were isolated from the chloroform-soluble fraction of the whole plants of Carpesium triste var. manshuricum. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR. All the isolates showed significant cytotoxicities (ED50 value: 4.3-16.8 microM) against five human tumor cell lines; A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, XF498 and HCT15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Paul AT, Gohil VM, Bhutani KK. Modulating TNF-alpha signaling with natural products. Drug Discov Today 2006; 11:725-32. [PMID: 16846800 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 04/21/2006] [Accepted: 06/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been, and continue to be, a major source of pharmacologically active substances from which drugs can be developed. Currently, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors from natural origins are being advanced for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Elevated TNF-alpha synthesis has been associated with the development of diabetes, septic shock, tumorigenesis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Currently, only protein-based drugs are available for the clinical inhibition of TNF-alpha activity. Small-molecule drugs that can regulate TNF-alpha levels or activity might provide a cost-effective alternative to protein-based therapeutics. This review briefly highlights the physiological and pathological roles of TNF-alpha, and covers those natural compounds capable of interfering with TNF-alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish T Paul
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
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Shin SG, Kang JK, Lee KR, Lee HW, Han JW, Choi WS. Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages by sesquiterpene lactones. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2005; 68:2119-31. [PMID: 16326428 DOI: 10.1080/15287390591009506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production was investigated in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with sesquiterpene lactones, zaluzanin-C and estafiatone, isolated from Ainsliaea. Zaluzanin-C and estafiatone decreased NO production in LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 of about 6.61 microM and 3.80 microM, respectively. In addition, these compounds inhibited the synthesis of PGE(2) in LPS/IFN-gamma-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, treatment with zaluzanin-C and estafiatone resulted in a decrease in inducible No Synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein and mRNA expression levels. Zaluzanin-C and estafiatone inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, a transcription factor necessary for iNOS and COX-2 expression in response to LPS/IFN-gamma. This effect was accompanied by parallel reduction of phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of kappaB (IkB). In addition, these effects were completely blocked by treatment with cysteine, indicating that the inhibitory effect of zaluzanin-C and estafiatone might be mediated by alkylation of either NF-kappaB itself or an upstream molecule of NF-kappaB. These results demonstrate that the suppression of NF-kappaB activation by zaluzanin-C and estafiatone might be attributed to inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB resulting from blockade of the degradation of IkappaB, leading to suppression of the expression of iNOS and COX-2, which play important roles in inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyu Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Changan-gu, Suwon, Korea
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Seo JY, Lee JH, Kim NW, Kim YJ, Chang SH, Ko NY, Her E, Yoo YH, Kim JW, Lee BY, Lee HY, Kim YM, Choi WS. Inhibitory effects of a fermented ginseng extract, BST204, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2005; 57:911-8. [PMID: 15969952 DOI: 10.1211/0022357056497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production are looked into. Crude ginseng extract was incubated with ginsenoside-beta-glucosidase to prepare BST204. BST204, unlike lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and crude ginseng extract, did not affect the level of iNOS protein and NO production in unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells. However, it suppressed the level of iNOS protein and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells but did not manifest the same effect on the iNOS mRNA level. An investigation of the activating phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, which are important for translation, was conducted to investigate the suppressive mechanism of iNOS protein. LPS increased the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, but not 4E-BP1, in a time-dependent manner, and BST204 inhibited it in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of iNOS protein, however, was partially suppressed by rapamycin, an upstream inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase. Therefore, this paper suggests that the suppression of iNOS protein by BST204 was partially correlated with the inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Seo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea
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Seo JY, Lee JH, Kim NW, Her E, Chang SH, Ko NY, Yoo YH, Kim JW, Seo DW, Han JW, Kim YM, Choi WS. Effect of a fermented ginseng extract, BST204, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 5:929-36. [PMID: 15778128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates how BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, affects the expression and mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). BST204 was prepared by incubating crude ginseng extract with ginsenoside-beta-glucosidase. Unexpectedly, BST204 had no effect on the level of COX-2 protein in unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and it suppressed the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It did not show any suppressive effect, though, on the COX-2 mRNA level. To investigate the suppressive mechanism of COX-2 protein, the activating phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, which are important for translation, were measured. The phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, not 4E-BP1, was increased by LPS in a time-dependent manner, and was inhibited by BST204 in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of COX-2 protein, however, was partially suppressed by rapamycin, an upstream inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase. Therefore, this paper suggests that the suppression of COX-2 protein by BST204 was partially correlated with the inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Seo
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, South Korea
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30
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Jang MK, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Ryu JH. A curcuminoid and two sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma zedoaria as inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophages. Arch Pharm Res 2005; 27:1220-5. [PMID: 15646795 DOI: 10.1007/bf02975885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to be responsible for vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock and inflammation. Inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by overproduction of NO. In the course of screening oriental anti-inflammatory herbs for the inhibitory activity of NO synthesis, a crude methanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria exhibited significant activity. The activity-guided fractionation and repetitive chromatographic procedures with the EtOAc soluble fraction allowed us to isolate three active compounds. They were identified as 1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (1), procurcumenol (2) and epiprocurcumenol (3) by spectral data analyses. Their concentrations for the 50% inhibition of NO production (IC50) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages were 8, 75, 77 microM, respectively. Compound 1 showed the most potent inhibitory activity for NO production in LPS-activated macrophages, while the epimeric isomers, compound 2 and 3 showed weak and similar potency. Inhibition of NO synthesis by compound 1 was very weak when activated macrophages were treated with 1 after iNOS induction. In the immunoblot analysis, compound 1 suppressed the expression of iNOS in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, 1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one from Curcuma zedoaria inhibited NO production in LPS-activated macrophages through suppression of iNOS expression. These results imply that the traditional use of C. zedoaria rhizome as anti-inflammatory drug may be explained at least in part, by inhibition of NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Lastra AL, Ramírez TO, Salazar L, Martínez M, Trujillo-Ferrara J. The ambrosanolide cumanin inhibits macrophage nitric oxide synthesis: some structural considerations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 95:221-7. [PMID: 15507340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since its role in inflammatory diseases was recognized, nitric oxide (NO) has become an important mediator to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents. Sesquiterpene lactones, which occur in several medicinal plants, inhibit the NO production in macrophage-like cells. This action is probably due to a 1,4 addition reaction between its alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group with sulfhydryl (SH)-containing compounds. For this reason it is believed that these compounds are cytotoxic, which restricts their therapeutic use. In this contribution, the ability of the ambrosanolide-type sesquiterpene lactone cumanin (from the Asteraceae Ambrosia psilostachya) to inhibit NO biosynthesis was evaluated in lipopolisaccharide-induced peritoneal murine macrophages and its cytotoxicity was assessed in the MTT assay. Cumanin showed a potent inhibitory effect in NO production (IC(50) = 9.38+/-0.38 microM) with low cytotoxicity. The 1,4-addition reaction of thiols was slow, which does not explain the inhibition of NO production but does explain the low cytotoxicity of cumanin with respect to other lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Lastra
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior s/n CP 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
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Palladino MA, Bahjat FR, Theodorakis EA, Moldawer LL. Anti-TNF-alpha therapies: the next generation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003; 2:736-46. [PMID: 12951580 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The functioning of the immune system is finely balanced by the activities of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators or cytokines. Unregulated activities of these mediators can lead to the development of serious inflammatory diseases. In particular, enhanced tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis is associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Inhibiting TNF-alpha activities in these diseases has been remarkably successful. However, the current injectable protein therapies have associated risks and limitations. An oral, small molecule that regulates TNF-alpha biology could either replace the injectables or provide better disease control when used alone or in conjunction with existing therapies. In this review, we discuss briefly the present understanding of TNF-alpha-mediated biology and the current injectable therapies in clinical use, and focus on some of the new therapeutic approaches with oral, small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Palladino
- Nereus Pharmaceuticals, 10480 Wateridge Circle, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Aldieri E, Atragene D, Bergandi L, Riganti C, Costamagna C, Bosia A, Ghigo D. Artemisinin inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor NF-kB activation. FEBS Lett 2003; 552:141-4. [PMID: 14527676 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin is a natural product used as an alternative drug in the treatment of severe and multidrug-resistant malaria. In the present work we show that artemisinin shares with other sesquiterpene lactones the ability to inhibit the activation of the nuclear factor NF-kB: by this mechanism, artemisinin, as well as parthenolide, inhibits nitric oxide synthesis in cytokine-stimulated human astrocytoma T67 cells. These results suggest that artemisinin, in addition to its antiparasitic properties, could also exert a therapeutic effect on neurological complications of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Aldieri
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Aktan F, Henness S, Roufogalis BD, Ammit AJ. Gypenosides derived from Gynostemma pentaphyllum suppress NO synthesis in murine macrophages by inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and attenuating NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS protein expression. Nitric Oxide 2003; 8:235-42. [PMID: 12895433 DOI: 10.1016/s1089-8603(03)00032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gypenosides isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, with beneficial effects reported in numerous diseases, including inflammation and atherosclerosis, although the mechanism underlying these therapeutic effects is unknown. Because increased nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in these pathological conditions, we investigated whether the pharmacological activity of gypenosides is due to suppression of NO synthesis. The markedly increased production of nitrite by stimulation of RAW 264.7 murine macrophages with 1 microg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 20 h (unstimulated: 0.3+/-0.3 microM vs. LPS: 32.5+/-1.2 microM) was dose-dependently inhibited by gypenosides (0.1-100 microg/mL). When cells were pretreated with gypenosides (for 1h) prior to LPS stimulation, subsequent NO production was significantly attenuated (IC(50) of 3.1+/-0.4 microg/mL) (P<0.05). Gypenosides (25 microg/mL) produced the same maximum inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as aminoguanidine, a standard inhibitor of NOS enzymes. Suppression of NO production occurred both by direct inhibition of the activity and expression of iNOS. Inhibition of iNOS protein expression appears to be at the transcriptional level, since gypenosides decreased LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), with significant inhibition achieved following pretreatment with 10 microg/mL gypenoside. Taken together, these results suggest that gypenosides derived from G. pentaphyllum suppress NO synthesis in murine macrophages by inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and attenuating NF-kappaB-mediated iNOS protein expression, thereby implicating a mechanism by which gypenosides may exert their therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugen Aktan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Building A15, Room S222, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H. Potentially Cancer Chemopreventive And Anti-Inflammatory Terpenoids From Natural Sources. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART J) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(03)80005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Aksöyek S, Cinel I, Avlan D, Cinel L, Oztürk C, Gürbüz P, Nayci A, Oral U. Intestinal ischemic preconditioning protects the intestine and reduces bacterial translocation. Shock 2002; 18:476-80. [PMID: 12412630 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200211000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was first demonstrated in the heart, but this protective effect has been also recently described in the intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of intestinal ischemic preconditioning on the morphology of intestine and bacterial translocation. Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighting 250 to 300 g were randomized into three groups. A control group of rats (n = 8) were subjected laparotomy. In an ischemic group (n = 8), laparotomy was performed and the superior mesenteric artery was occluded by an atraumatic clamp for 30 min. In the preconditioned group (n = 8), before the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) period (as in ischemic group), rats were subjected to an initial 10 min of intestinal ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion. Twenty-four hours later, to evaluate whether the I/R induced intestinal injury and bacterial translocation (BT), tissue and blood samples were collected, and liver, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node specimens were obtained under sterile conditions for microbiological analysis. Samples of ileum were removed for both biochemical and histopathological evaluation. In the I/R group, the incidence of bacteria-isolated mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and blood was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). IPC prevented I/R-induced BT and it significantly reduced the I/R-induced intestinal injury (P < 0.05). Increased inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) expression observed on the ileal specimens of the I/R group was found to be prevented by IPC. Our data suggest IPC as a key factor that reduces BT and iNOS activation in intestinal I/R. This is the first study showing that intestinal IPC blocks the cascade of events that causes BT and intestinal injury that may lead to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Aksöyek
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mersin University School of Medicine, Turkey
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Bremner P, Heinrich M. Natural products as targeted modulators of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:453-72. [PMID: 11999122 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant extracts to alleviate inflammatory diseases is centuries old and continues to this day. This review assesses the current understanding of the use of such plants and natural products isolated from them in terms of their action against the ubiquitous transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). As an activator of many pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory processes the modulation of the NF-kappaB transduction pathway is a principal target to alleviate the symptoms of such diseases as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and asthma. Two pathways of NF-kappaB activation will first be summarised, leading to the IKK (IkappaB kinase) complex, that subsequently initiates phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein (IKB). Natural products and some extracts are reviewed and assessed for their activity and potency as NF-kappaB inhibitors. A large number of compounds are currently known as NF-kappaB modulators and include the isoprenoids, most notably kaurene diterpenoids and members of the sesquiterpene lactones class, several phenolics including curcumin and flavonoids such as silybin. Additional data on cellular toxicity are also highlighted as an exclusion principle for pursuing such compounds in clinical development. In addition, where enough data exists some conclusions on structure-activity relationship are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bremner
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
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