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Xie X, Yu T, Li X, Zhang N, Foster LJ, Peng C, Huang W, He G. Recent advances in targeting the "undruggable" proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:335. [PMID: 37669923 PMCID: PMC10480221 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Undruggable proteins are a class of proteins that are often characterized by large, complex structures or functions that are difficult to interfere with using conventional drug design strategies. Targeting such undruggable targets has been considered also a great opportunity for treatment of human diseases and has attracted substantial efforts in the field of medicine. Therefore, in this review, we focus on the recent development of drug discovery targeting "undruggable" proteins and their application in clinic. To make this review well organized, we discuss the design strategies targeting the undruggable proteins, including covalent regulation, allosteric inhibition, protein-protein/DNA interaction inhibition, targeted proteins regulation, nucleic acid-based approach, immunotherapy and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tingting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Medical Technology and School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Kim J, Hoe HS. EGFR is a potential dual molecular target for cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1238639. [PMID: 37601068 PMCID: PMC10433764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1238639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many researchers are attempting to identify drugs that can be repurposed as effective therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several recent studies have highlighted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors approved for use as anti-cancer drugs as potential candidates for repurposing as AD therapeutics. In cancer, EGFR inhibitors target cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and studies in AD mouse models have shown that EGFR inhibitors can attenuate amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology and improve cognitive function. In this review, we discuss the different functions of EGFR in cancer and AD and the potential of EGFR as a dual molecular target for AD diseases. In addition, we describe the effects of anti-cancer EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on AD pathology and their prospects as therapeutic interventions for AD. By summarizing the physiological functions of EGFR in cancer and AD, this review emphasizes the significance of EGFR as an important molecular target for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Health Technology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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3
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Narayanan J, Tamilanban T, Kumar PS, Guru A, Muthupandian S, Kathiravan MK, Arockiaraj J. Role and mechanistic actions of protein kinase inhibitors as an effective drug target for cancer and COVID. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:238. [PMID: 37193831 PMCID: PMC10188327 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinases can be grouped into 20 families which play a vital role as a regulator of neoplasia, metastasis, and cytokine suppression. Human genome sequencing has discovered more than 500 kinases. Mutations of the kinase itself or the pathway regulated by kinases leads to the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, viral infections, and cancers. Cancer chemotherapy has made significant leaps in recent years. The utilization of chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancers has become difficult due to their unpredictable nature and their toxicity toward the host cells. Therefore, targeted therapy as a therapeutic option against cancer-specific cells and toward the signaling pathways is a valuable avenue of research. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that is responsible for causing the COVID pandemic. Kinase family provides a valuable source of biological targets against cancers and for recent COVID infections. Kinases such as tyrosine kinases, Rho kinase, Bruton tyrosine kinase, ABL kinases, and NAK kinases play an important role in the modulation of signaling pathways involved in both cancers and viral infections such as COVID. These kinase inhibitors consist of multiple protein targets such as the viral replication machinery and specific molecules targeting signaling pathways for cancer. Thus, kinase inhibitors can be used for their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic activity along with cytokine suppression in cases of COVID. The main goal of this review is to focus on the pharmacology of kinase inhibitors for cancer and COVID, as well as ideas for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - M K Kathiravan
- 209, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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4
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Chang-Halabi Y, Cordero J, Sarabia X, Villalobos D, Barrera NP. Crosstalking interactions between P2X4 and 5-HT 3A receptors. Neuropharmacology 2023; 236:109574. [PMID: 37156336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic receptors are ligand-gated ion channels triggering fast neurotransmitter responses. Among them, P2X and 5-HT3 receptors have been shown to physically interact each other and functionally inducing cross inhibitory responses. Nevertheless, despite the importance of P2X4 and 5-HT3A receptors that mediate for example neuropathic pain and psychosis respectively, complementary evidence has recently started to move forward in the understanding of this interaction. In this review, we discuss current evidence supporting the mechanism of crosstalking between both receptors, from the structural to the transduction pathway level. We expect this work may guide the design of further experiments to obtain a comprehensive view for the neuropharmacological role of these interacting receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang-Halabi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Cordero
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xander Sarabia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Villalobos
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson P Barrera
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Worch JC, Stubbs CJ, Price MJ, Dove AP. Click Nucleophilic Conjugate Additions to Activated Alkynes: Exploring Thiol-yne, Amino-yne, and Hydroxyl-yne Reactions from (Bio)Organic to Polymer Chemistry. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6744-6776. [PMID: 33764739 PMCID: PMC8227514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between activated alkynes or acetylenic Michael acceptors and nucleophiles (i.e., the nucleophilic Michael reaction) is a historically useful organic transformation. Despite its general utility, the efficiency and outcomes can vary widely and are often closely dependent upon specific reaction conditions. Nevertheless, with improvements in reaction design, including catalyst development and an expansion of the substrate scope to feature more electrophilic alkynes, many examples now present with features that are congruent with Click chemistry. Although several nucleophilic species can participate in these conjugate additions, ubiquitous nucleophiles such as thiols, amines, and alcohols are commonly employed and, consequently, among the most well developed. For many years, these conjugate additions were largely relegated to organic chemistry, but in the last few decades their use has expanded into other spheres such as bioorganic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Within these fields, they have been particularly useful for bioconjugation reactions and step-growth polymerizations, respectively, due to their excellent efficiency, orthogonality, and ambient reactivity. The reaction is expected to feature in increasingly divergent application settings as it continues to emerge as a Click reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Worch
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Connor J. Stubbs
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Price
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
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6
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Dick RA. Refinement of In Vitro Methods for Identification of Aldehyde Oxidase Substrates Reveals Metabolites of Kinase Inhibitors. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:846-859. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Chen R, Jin G, McIntyre TM. The soluble protease ADAMDEC1 released from activated platelets hydrolyzes platelet membrane pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to active high-molecular-weight EGF. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10112-10122. [PMID: 28455445 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.771642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the sole source of EGF in circulation, yet how EGF is stored or released from stimulated cells is undefined. In fact, we found platelets did not store EGF, synthesized as a single 6-kDa domain in pro-EGF, but rather expressed intact pro-EGF precursor on granular and plasma membranes. Activated platelets released high-molecular-weight (HMW)-EGF, produced by a single cleavage between the EGF and the transmembrane domains of pro-EGF. We synthesized a fluorogenic peptide encompassing residues surrounding the putative sessile arginyl residue and found stimulated platelets released soluble activity that cleaved this pro-EGF1020-1027 peptide. High throughput screening identified chymostatins, bacterial peptides with a central cyclic arginyl structure, as inhibitors of this activity. In contrast, the matrix metalloproteinase/TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme) inhibitor GM6001 was ineffective. Stimulated platelets released the soluble protease ADAMDEC1, recombinant ADAMDEC1 hydrolyzed pro-EGF1020-1027, and this activity was inhibited by chymostatin and not GM6001. Biotinylating platelet surface proteins showed ADAMDEC1 hydrolyzed surface pro-EGF to HMW-EGF that stimulated HeLa EGF receptor (EGFR) reporter cells and EGFR-dependent tumor cell migration. This proteolysis was inhibited by chymostatin and not GM6001. Metabolizing pro-EGF Arg1023 to citrulline with recombinant polypeptide arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) abolished ADAMDEC1-catalyzed pro-EGF1020-1027 peptidolysis, while pretreating intact platelets with PAD4 suppressed ADAMDEC1-, thrombin-, or collagen-induced release of HMW-EGF. We conclude that activated platelets release ADAMDEC1, which hydrolyzes pro-EGF to soluble HMW-EGF, that HMW-EGF is active, that proteolytic cleavage of pro-EGF first occurs at the C-terminal arginyl residue of the EGF domain, and that proteolysis is the regulated and rate-limiting step in generating soluble EGF bioactivity from activated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Ge Jin
- the Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and .,Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44195 Ohio and
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8
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Plano D, Alcolea V, Sanmartín C, Sharma AK. Methods of selecting combination therapy for colorectal cancer patients: a patent evaluation of US20160025730A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:527-538. [PMID: 28366103 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1315103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Targeted therapy drugs (TTDs) are a valid treatment, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors being one of the most commonly used for CRC patients. However, this treatment is only useful for patients with wild-type KRAS (wtKRAS) and is effective only on about 40 to 60% of this subset due to the high plasticity of ErbB network. Areas covered: The invention proposes the use of ErbB protein levels and ErbB receptor dimer formation as biomarkers for selecting, predicting and monitoring CRC patients showing sensitivity to the action of EGFR inhibitors to benefit from the combination therapy of EGFR and HER2 inhibitors. The in vitro data on Lim1215 cells suggest the over-activation of HER3 signaling pathway in response to the use of EGFR inhibitors on monotherapy; the use of HER2 or HER3 or MEK inhibitors in combination with EGFR inhibitors reversed this activation. Expert opinion: To assess the clinical applicability of this invention, further studies are needed since the conclusions are derived solely based on the data obtained from only one CRC cell line (Lim1215). Furthermore, other biofactors/mutations should be considered to assure the potential benefits of the combination therapies proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plano
- a University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Campus Universitario , Pamplona , Spain.,b IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Verónica Alcolea
- a University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Campus Universitario , Pamplona , Spain.,b IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- a University of Navarra, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Campus Universitario , Pamplona , Spain.,b IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Arun K Sharma
- c Department of Pharmacology , Penn State Cancer Institute , Hershey , PA , USA
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9
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Krüger K, Schrader K, Klempt M. Cellular Response to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells is Dependent on Endocytosis-Associated Structures and Mediated by EGFR. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040079. [PMID: 28387727 PMCID: PMC5408171 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is one of the most applied nanomaterials and widely used in food and non-food industries as an additive or coating material (E171). It has been shown that E171 contains up to 37% particles which are smaller than 100 nm and that TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) induce cytotoxicity and inflammation. Using a nuclear factor Kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) reporter cell line (Caco-2nfkb-RE), Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and inhibition of dynamin and clathrin, it was shown that cellular responses induced by 5 nm and 10 nm TiO₂ NPs (nominal size) depends on endocytic processes. As endocytosis is often dependent on the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), further investigations focused on the involvement of EGFR in the uptake of TiO₂ NPs: (1) inhibition of EGFR reduced inflammatory markers of the cell (i.e., nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity, mRNA of IL8, CCL20, and CXCL10); and (2) exposure of Caco-2 cells to TiO₂ NPs activated the intracellular EGFR cascade beginning with EGFR-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, and including transcription factor ELK1. This was followed by the expression of ERK1/2 target genes CCL2 and CXCL3. We concluded that TiO₂ NPs enter the cell via EGFR-associated endocytosis, followed by activation of the EGFR/ERK/ELK signaling pathway, which finally induces NF-κB. No changes in inflammatory response are observed in Caco-2 cells exposed to 32 nm and 490 nm TiO₂ particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krüger
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Katrin Schrader
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Martin Klempt
- Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food, Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products, Hermann-Weigmann-Straße 1, 24103 Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Candemir G, Turhanlar E, Sagir F, Ayvali N. EGFR-dependent signalling reduced and p38 dependent apoptosis required by Gallic acid in Malignant Mesothelioma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:2000-2007. [PMID: 27847212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unrestrained EGFR signalling contributes to malignant phenotype in a number of cancers including Malignant Mesotheliomas. Present study was designed to evaluate EGFR-dependent anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Gallic acid in transformed Mesothelial (MeT-5A) and Malignant Mesothelioma (SPC212) cells. Gallic acid reduced the viability of Malignant Mesothelioma cells in a concentration and time-dependent manner. However, viability of mesothelial cells reduced only at high concentration and longer time periods. Gallic acid restrained the activation of EGFR, ERK1/2 and AKT proteins and down regulated expression of Cyclin D and Bcl-2 genes, but upregulated the expression of p21 gene in EGF-induced SPC212 cells. GA-induced transitory G1 arrest and triggered mitochondrial and death receptor mediated apoptosis, which requires p38MAPK activation. The data provided here indicate that GA is able to inhibit EGFR dependent proliferation and survival signals and induces p38 pathway dependent apoptosis in Malignant Mesothelioma cells. On the basis of these experimental findings it is worthwhile to investigate further the biological activity of Gallic acid on other Mesothelioma cell lines harbouring aberrant EGFR signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulsife Candemir
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ebru Turhanlar
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sagir
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Ayvali
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey
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11
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Smaill JB, Gonzales AJ, Spicer JA, Lee H, Reed JE, Sexton K, Althaus IW, Zhu T, Black SL, Blaser A, Denny WA, Ellis PA, Fakhoury S, Harvey PJ, Hook K, McCarthy FOJ, Palmer BD, Rivault F, Schlosser K, Ellis T, Thompson AM, Trachet E, Winters RT, Tecle H, Bridges A. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. 20. Optimization of Substituted Quinazoline and Pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Orally Active, Irreversible Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8103-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff B. Smaill
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea J. Gonzales
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Julie A. Spicer
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Helen Lee
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Jessica E. Reed
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Karen Sexton
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Irene W. Althaus
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Tong Zhu
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Shannon L. Black
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Adrian Blaser
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A. Denny
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul A. Ellis
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Stephen Fakhoury
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Patricia J. Harvey
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Ken Hook
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Florence O. J. McCarthy
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Brian D. Palmer
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Freddy Rivault
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Schlosser
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Teresa Ellis
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Andrew M. Thompson
- Auckland
Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erin Trachet
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - R. Thomas Winters
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Haile Tecle
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
| | - Alexander Bridges
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Michigan Laboratories, 2800 Plymouth
Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-1047, United States
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12
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Kinases inhibitors in lung cancer: From benchside to bedside. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:128-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Hossam M, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KAM. Covalent EGFR Inhibitors: Binding Mechanisms, Synthetic Approaches, and Clinical Profiles. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:573-93. [PMID: 27258393 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Being overexpressed in several types of cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered one of the key therapeutic targets in oncology. Although many first-generation EGFR inhibitors had been FDA approved for the treatment of certain types of cancer, patients soon developed resistance to these reversible ATP competitive inhibitors via mutations in the kinase domain of EGFR. A new trend was adopted to design covalent irreversible inhibitors, that is, second- and third-generation inhibitors. Second-generation inhibitors can inhibit the mutant forms but, unfortunately, they had dose limiting side effects due to wild-type EGFR inhibition. Third-generation inhibitors emerged shortly, which were capable of inhibiting the mutant forms exclusively while sparing the wild type. Many other strategies have also been developed to reduce the risk of covalent interactions with off-targets, thus improving the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profile of the antiproliferative agents. In this review, we focused mainly on second- and third-generation EGFR inhibitors, their binding mechanisms (either docking studies or co-crystallized structures), their synthetic approaches, clinical profiles, and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Hossam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Singh B, Bogatcheva G, Starchenko A, Sinnaeve J, Lapierre LA, Williams JA, Goldenring JR, Coffey RJ. Induction of lateral lumens through disruption of a monoleucine-based basolateral-sorting motif in betacellulin. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3444-55. [PMID: 26272915 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.170852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed delivery of EGF receptor (EGFR) ligands to the apical or basolateral surface is a crucial regulatory step in the initiation of EGFR signaling in polarized epithelial cells. Herein, we show that the EGFR ligand betacellulin (BTC) is preferentially sorted to the basolateral surface of polarized MDCK cells. By using sequential truncations and site-directed mutagenesis within the BTC cytoplasmic domain, combined with selective cell-surface biotinylation and immunofluorescence, we have uncovered a monoleucine-based basolateral-sorting motif (EExxxL, specifically (156)EEMETL(161)). Disruption of this sorting motif led to equivalent apical and basolateral localization of BTC. Unlike other EGFR ligands, BTC mistrafficking induced formation of lateral lumens in polarized MDCK cells, and this process was significantly attenuated by inhibition of EGFR. Additionally, expression of a cancer-associated somatic BTC mutation (E156K) led to BTC mistrafficking and induced lateral lumens in MDCK cells. Overexpression of BTC, especially mistrafficking forms, increased the growth of MDCK cells. These results uncover a unique role for BTC mistrafficking in promoting epithelial reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Galina Bogatcheva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alina Starchenko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Justine Sinnaeve
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lynne A Lapierre
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Janice A Williams
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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15
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Ibrahim DA, Abou El Ella DA, El-Motwally AM, Aly RM. Molecular design and synthesis of certain new quinoline derivatives having potential anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:115-31. [PMID: 26256032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
EGFR, which plays a vital role as a regulator of cell growth, is one of the intensely studied TK targets of anticancer inhibitors. The most two common anticancer inhibitors are anilinoquiazolines and anilinoquinolines that inhibit EGFR kinase intracellularly. The present investigation dealt with design (pharmacophore, docking and binding energy) and synthesis of a new series of 4-anilinoquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives as potential anticancer agents targeting EGFR. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against MCF-7 and compounds 4f, 7a and 7b showed significant activity with IC50 values 13.96 μM, 2.16 μM and 3.46 μM, respectively. Most of the synthesized compounds were subjected to enzyme assay (EGFR TK) for measuring their inhibitory activity with the determination of IC50 values and the preliminary results revealed that compound 7b, which had potent inhibitory activity in tumor growth and had potent activity on the EGFR TK enzyme with 67% inhibition compared to ATP would be a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa A Ibrahim
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha M Aly
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Oltmanns D. Selektives Tumor-Targeting mit Prodrugs. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201580016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Karnthaler-Benbakka C, Groza D, Kryeziu K, Pichler V, Roller A, Berger W, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Tumorspezifische, Hypoxie-basierte Aktivierung von EGFR-Inhibitoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Karnthaler-Benbakka C, Groza D, Kryeziu K, Pichler V, Roller A, Berger W, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Tumor-targeting of EGFR inhibitors by hypoxia-mediated activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12930-12935. [PMID: 25079700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201403936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) was a major step forward in cancer treatment. However, the therapy with TKIs is limited by strong side effects and drug resistance. The aim of this study was the design of novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors that are specifically activated in malignant tissue. Thus, a Co(III) -based prodrug strategy for the targeted release of an EGFR inhibitor triggered by hypoxia in the solid tumor was used. New inhibitors with chelating moieties were prepared and tested for their EGFR-inhibitory potential. The most promising candidate was coupled to Co(III) and the biological activity tested in cell culture. Indeed, hypoxic activation and subsequent EGFR inhibition was proven. Finally, the compound was tested in vivo, also revealing potent anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Groza
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Kushtrim Kryeziu
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Verena Pichler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna (Austria)
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna (Austria); Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna (Austria)
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Toledo Warshaviak D, Golan G, Borrelli KW, Zhu K, Kalid O. Structure-based virtual screening approach for discovery of covalently bound ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1941-50. [PMID: 24932913 DOI: 10.1021/ci500175r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We present a fast and effective covalent docking approach suitable for large-scale virtual screening (VS). We applied this method to four targets (HCV NS3 protease, Cathepsin K, EGFR, and XPO1) with known crystal structures and known covalent inhibitors. We implemented a customized "VS mode" of the Schrödinger Covalent Docking algorithm (CovDock), which we refer to as CovDock-VS. Known actives and target-specific sets of decoys were docked to selected X-ray structures, and poses were filtered based on noncovalent protein-ligand interactions known to be important for activity. We were able to retrieve 71%, 72%, and 77% of the known actives for Cathepsin K, HCV NS3 protease, and EGFR within 5% of the decoy library, respectively. With the more challenging XPO1 target, where no specific interactions with the protein could be used for postprocessing of the docking results, we were able to retrieve 95% of the actives within 30% of the decoy library and achieved an early enrichment factor (EF1%) of 33. The poses of the known actives bound to existing crystal structures of 4 targets were predicted with an average RMSD of 1.9 Å. To the best of our knowledge, CovDock-VS is the first fully automated tool for efficient virtual screening of covalent inhibitors. Importantly, CovDock-VS can handle multiple chemical reactions within the same library, only requiring a generic SMARTS-based predefinition of the reaction. CovDock-VS provides a fast and accurate way of differentiating actives from decoys without significantly deteriorating the accuracy of the predicted poses for covalent protein-ligand complexes. Therefore, we propose CovDock-VS as an efficient structure-based virtual screening method for discovery of novel and diverse covalent ligands.
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Barf T, Kaptein A. Irreversible protein kinase inhibitors: balancing the benefits and risks. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6243-62. [PMID: 22621397 DOI: 10.1021/jm3003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tjeerd Barf
- Drug Discovery Unit, Covalution Pharma BV, Ravenstein, The Netherlands.
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Chiu HC, Chang TY, Huang CT, Chao YS, Hsu JTA. EGFR and myosin II inhibitors cooperate to suppress EGFR-T790M-mutant NSCLC cells. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:299-310. [PMID: 22366308 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An acquired mutation (T790M) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) accounts for half of all relapses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who initially respond to EGFR kinase inhibitors. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that EGFR-T790M interacts with the cytoskeletal components, myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and β-actin, in the nucleus of H1975 cells carrying the T790M-mutant EGFR. The interactions of EGFR with MYH9 and β-actin were reduced in the presence of blebbistatin, a specific inhibitor for the MYH9-β-actin interaction, suggesting that the EGFR interaction with MYH9 and β-actin is affected by the integrity of the cytoskeleton. These physical interactions among MYH9, β-actin, and EGFR were also impaired by CL-387,785, a kinase inhibitor for EGFR-T790M. Furthermore, CL-387,785 and blebbistatin interacted in a synergistic fashion to suppress cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in H1975 cells. The combination of CL-387,785 and blebbistatin enhanced the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a transcriptional target of nuclear EGFR. Overall, our findings demonstrate that disrupting EGFR interactions with the cytoskeletal components enhanced the anti-cancer effects of CL-387,785 against H1975 cells, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for NSCLC cells that express the drug-resistant EGFR-T790M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Chih Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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22
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Design and synthesis of 4,6-substituted-(diaphenylamino)quinazolines as potent EGFR inhibitors with antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:317-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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23
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Eisinger DA, Ammer H. Epidermal growth factor treatment switches δ-opioid receptor-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling from an epidermal growth factor to an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-dependent mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:326-35. [PMID: 21078885 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.064956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
δ-Opioid receptor (DOR)-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) is mediated by the transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Here we demonstrate that in stably DOR-expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 (HEK/DOR) cells, down-regulation of EGF receptors by long-term EGF (0.1 μg for 18 h) treatment, but not by small interfering RNA, results in functional desensitization of EGF (10 ng/ml)-stimulated ERK1/2 signaling. In EGF receptor-desensitized (HEK/DOR(-EGFR)) cells, however, [d-Ala²,d-Leu⁵]enkephalin (1 μM) and etorphine (0.1 μM) retained their ability to stimulate ERK1/2 activation. The newly acquired signal transduction mechanism is insensitive to the EGF receptor blockers 4-(3-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (AG1478) and N-[4-[(3-bromophenyl)amino]-6-quinazolinyl]-2-butynamide (CL-387,785), does not involve DOR internalization and activation of the focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK, but requires matrix metalloproteinase-dependent release of soluble growth factors. A supernatant transfer assay in which conditioned growth media of opioid-treated HEK/DOR and HEK/DOR(-EGFR) "donor" cells are used to stimulate ERK1/2 activity in DOR-lacking HEK293 wild type and HEK293(-EGFR) "acceptor" cells revealed that long-term EGF treatment produces a switch in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) system transactivated by opioids. Using microfluidic electrophoresis, chemical inhibitors, phosphorylation-specific antibodies, and EGF receptor-deficient Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, we identified the release of an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-like peptide and activation of IGF-1 receptors in HEK/DOR(-EGFR) cells after DOR activation. A similar switch from a neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 to an IGF-1 receptor-dependent ERK1/2 signaling was observed for chronically nerve growth factor-treated neuroblastoma × glioma (NG108-15) cells. These results indicate that transactivation of the dominant RTK system in a given cellular setting may represent a general feature of opioids to maintain mitogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Eisinger
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Munich, Koeniginstrasse 16, 80539 Muenchen, Federal Republic of Germany.
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A genome-wide RNA interference screen reveals an essential CREB3L2-ATF5-MCL1 survival pathway in malignant glioma with therapeutic implications. Nat Med 2010; 16:671-7. [PMID: 20495567 PMCID: PMC2882506 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is highly expressed in malignant glioma and plays an important role in promoting cell survival. Here we perform a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify transcriptional regulators of ATF5. Our results reveal an essential survival pathway in malignant glioma, whereby activation of a RAS/MAPK or PI3K signaling cascade leads to induction of the transcription factor CREB3L2, which directly activates ATF5 expression. ATF5, in turn, promotes survival by stimulating transcription of MCL1, an anti-apoptotic BCL2 family member. Analysis of human malignant glioma samples indicates that ATF5 expression inversely correlates with disease prognosis. The RAF inhibitor sorafenib suppresses ATF5 expression in glioma stem cells and inhibits malignant glioma growth in cell culture and mouse xenografts. Our results demonstrate that ATF5 plays an essential role in malignant glioma genesis, and reveal that the ATF5-mediated survival pathway described here provides potential therapeutic targets for treatment of malignant glioma.
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Bao R, Lai CJ, Wang DG, Qu H, Yin L, Zifcak B, Tao X, Wang J, Atoyan R, Samson M, Forrester J, Xu GX, DellaRocca S, Borek M, Zhai HX, Cai X, Qian C. Targeting heat shock protein 90 with CUDC-305 overcomes erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 8:3296-306. [PMID: 19952121 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CUDC-305 is a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor of the novel imidazopyridine class. Here, we report its activities in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with gene deregulations conferring primary or secondary resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. We show that CUDC-305 binds strongly to HSP90 extracted from erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells (IC50 70 nmol/L). This result correlates well with the potent antiproliferative activity in erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cell lines (IC50 120-700 nmol/L) reported previously. Furthermore, it exhibits durable inhibition of multiple oncoproteins and induction of apoptosis in erlotinib-resistant NSCLC cells. CUDC-305 potently inhibits tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models of H1975 and A549, which harbor EGFR T790M mutation or K-ras mutations conferring acquired and primary erlotinib resistance, respectively. In addition, CUDC-305 significantly prolongs animal survival in orthotopic lung tumor models of H1975 and A549, which may be partially attributed to its preferential exposure in lung tissue. Furthermore, CUDC-305 is able to extend animal survival in a brain metastatic model of H1975, further confirming its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Correlating with its effects in various tumor models, CUDC-305 induces degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream signaling molecules of the PI3K/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways simultaneously, with concurrent induction of apoptosis in vivo. In a combination study, CUDC-305 enhanced the antitumor activity of a standard-of-care agent in the H1975 tumor model. These results suggest that CUDC-305 holds promise for the treatment of NSCLC with primary or acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Bao
- Oncology, Curis, Inc., 45 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Targeted therapy for nonsmall cell lung cancer: focusing on angiogenesis, the epidermal growth factor receptor and multikinase inhibitors. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 21:151-68. [PMID: 20016368 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328334da02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy used to be the only available option to fight advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Platinum-based medication combined with taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and antimetabolites improved patient survival rates. Unfortunately, neoplasmatic diseases remain a global killer because chemotherapy benefits have reached a plateau and most patients are diagnosed at the metastatic stage. The urgent need for therapeutic agents, along with advances in the knowledge of the molecular events of oncogenesis, has resulted in the development of medication that specifically targets processes and pathways critical for tumor growth, such as angiogenesis and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Initially, inhibiting these pathways managed to prolong patient survival, although not to the extent desired. Moreover, targeted therapy combined with conventional cytotoxic agents has shown no superiority to chemotherapy alone in terms of patient survival. Hence, numerous multidynamic agents have appeared in the hope that they might help fight nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, no group of patients who will hopefully gain maximum benefit from such interventions has been clearly identified yet. This paper presents current evidence with regard to such novel agents and angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor inhibitors.
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Kuai L, Wang X, Madison JM, Schreiber SL, Scolnick EM, Haggarty SJ. Chemical genetics identifies small-molecule modulators of neuritogenesis involving neuregulin-1/ErbB4 signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 2010; 1:325-342. [PMID: 20495671 DOI: 10.1021/cn900046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic findings have suggested that neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) and its receptor v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4 (ErbB4) may play a role in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the downstream signaling events and relevant phenotypic consequences of altered Nrg1 signaling in the nervous system remain poorly understood. To identify small molecules for probing Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, a PC12-cell model was developed and used to perform a live-cell, image-based screen of the effects of small molecules on Nrg1-induced neuritogenesis. By comparing the resulting phenotypic data to that of a similar screening performed with nerve growth factor (NGF), this multidimensional screen identified compounds that directly inhibit Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, such as the 4-anilino-quinazoline Iressa (gefitinib), as well as compounds that potentiate Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling, such as the indolocarbazole K-252a. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling events and demonstrate the feasibility of using such a multidimensional, chemical-genetic approach for discovering probes of pathways implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Kuai
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309
| | - Jon M. Madison
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Stuart L. Schreiber
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Kataoka Y, Mukohara T, Shimada H, Saijo N, Hirai M, Minami H. Association between gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CA and resistance to HER2-targeted agents in HER2-amplified breast cancer cell lines. Ann Oncol 2009; 21:255-262. [PMID: 19633047 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdp304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted agents has not been fully understood. We investigated the influence of PIK3CA mutations on sensitivity to HER2-targeted agents in naturally derived breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of Calbiochem (CL)-387,785, HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and trastuzumab on cell growth and HER2 signaling in eight breast cancer cell lines showing HER2 amplification and trastuzumab-conditioned BT474 (BT474-TR). RESULTS Four cell lines with PIK3CA mutations (E545K and H1047R) were more resistant to trastuzumab than the remaining four without mutations (mean percentage of control with 10 microg/ml trastuzumab: 58% versus 92%; P = 0.010). While PIK3CA-mutant cells were more resistant to CL-387,785 than PIK3CA-wild-type cells (mean percentage of control with 1 microM CL-387,785: 21% versus 77%; P = 0.001), CL-387,785 retained activity against BT474-TR. Growth inhibition by trastuzumab and CL-387,785 was more closely correlated with changes in phosphorylation of S6K (correlation coefficient, 0.811) than those of HER2, Akt, or ERK1/2. Growth of most HER2-amplified cells was inhibited by LY294002, regardless of PIK3CA genotype. CONCLUSIONS PIK3CA mutations are associated with resistance to HER2-targeted agents. PI3K inhibitors are potentially effective in overcoming trastuzumab resistance caused by PIK3CA mutations. S6K phosphorylation is a possibly useful pharmacodynamic marker in HER2-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Mukohara
- Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital; Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe.
| | - H Shimada
- Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - N Saijo
- Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - H Minami
- Cancer Center, Kobe University Hospital; Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe
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30
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Ban HS, Usui T, Nabeyama W, Morita H, Fukuzawa K, Nakamura H. Discovery of boron-conjugated 4-anilinoquinazoline as a prolonged inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4415-27. [DOI: 10.1039/b909504g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have introduced the concept of targeted therapy to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These agents appear most effective in patients with tumors that are highly dependent on EGFR signaling pathways, a population that disproportionately includes females, nonsmokers, individuals of East Asian origin, and patients with adenocarcinoma histology. Currently available EGFR-inhibiting drugs include the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib, gefitinib, and lapatinib, which are administered orally and interfere with the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cetuximab and panitumumab, which are administered intravenously and interfere with extracellular ligand binding. While the use of EGFR TKIs as monotherapy prolongs survival in metastatic NSCLC, they have demonstrated no benefit when added to conventional, cytotoxic chemotherapy. In contrast, the anti-EGFR mAb cetuximab appears most effective when combined with chemotherapy or radiation. Despite dramatic initial responses to treatment in some cases, NSCLC eventually becomes resistant to EGFR inhibition. Possible mechanisms include secondary mutations that interfere with drug binding, oncogenic pathways driven by other receptor tyrosine kinases, and independent activity of downstream signaling molecules. Efforts to overcome such resistance include irreversibly binding EGFR TKIs, multi-targeted TKIs, and combinations with chemotherapy, radiation, and other targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Gerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8852
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Wu JY, Wu SG, Yang CH, Gow CH, Chang YL, Yu CJ, Shih JY, Yang PC. Lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 mutations is associated with poor gefitinib treatment response. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:4877-82. [PMID: 18676761 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical reports about responsiveness to gefitinib treatment in patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with mutations in exon 20 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are limited. To increase understanding of the influence of exon 20 mutations on NSCLC treatment with gefitinib, we investigated the clinical features of lung cancer in patients with exon 20 mutations and analyzed the gefitinib treatment response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We surveyed the clinical data and mutational studies of NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 mutations in the National Taiwan University Hospital and reviewed the literature reports about EGFR exon 20 mutations and the gefitinib treatment response. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with mutations in exon 20 were identified. Nine (39%) had coexisting mutations in EGFR exons other than exon 20. Sixteen patients received gefitinib treatment, and a response was noted in 4 patients. The gefitinib response rate of NSCLC with exon 20 mutations was 25%, far lower than those with deletions in exon 19 and L858R mutations. Interestingly, different exon 20 mutations and coexisting mutations seemed to have a different influence on gefitinib response. CONCLUSIONS EGFR exon 20 mutations of NSCLC patients result in poorer responsiveness to gefitinib treatment, but variability exists between different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shimamura T, Li D, Ji H, Haringsma HJ, Liniker E, Borgman CL, Lowell AM, Minami Y, McNamara K, Perera SA, Zaghlul S, Thomas RK, Greulich H, Kobayashi S, Chirieac LR, Padera RF, Kubo S, Takahashi M, Tenen DG, Meyerson M, Wong KK, Shapiro GI. Hsp90 inhibition suppresses mutant EGFR-T790M signaling and overcomes kinase inhibitor resistance. Cancer Res 2008; 68:5827-38. [PMID: 18632637 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) secondary kinase domain T790M non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mutation enhances receptor catalytic activity and confers resistance to the reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. Currently, irreversible inhibitors represent the primary approach in clinical use to circumvent resistance. We show that higher concentrations of the irreversible EGFR inhibitor CL-387,785 are required to inhibit EGFR phosphorylation in T790M-expressing cells compared with EGFR mutant NSCLC cells without T790M. Additionally, CL-387,785 does not fully suppress phosphorylation of other activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) in T790M-expressing cells. These deficiencies result in residual Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activities. Full suppression of EGFR-mediated signaling in T790M-expressing cells requires the combination of CL-387,785 and rapamycin. In contrast, Hsp90 inhibition overcomes these limitations in vitro and depletes cells of EGFR, other RTKs, and phospho-Akt and inhibits mTOR signaling whether or not T790M is present. EGFR-T790M-expressing cells rendered resistant to CL-387,785 by a kinase switch mechanism retain sensitivity to Hsp90 inhibition. Finally, Hsp90 inhibition causes regression in murine lung adenocarcinomas driven by mutant EGFR (L858R) with or without T790M. However, efficacy in the L858R-T790M model requires a more intense treatment schedule and responses were transient. Nonetheless, these findings suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors may be effective in T790M-expressing cells and offer an alternative therapeutic strategy for this subset of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Wissner A, Mansour TS. The Development of HKI‐272 and Related Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:465-77. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200800009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Liu G, Sun L, Liu C, Ji C, Wen Q, Ma S. Microwave assisted synthesis of novel 6,7,8-trimethoxyN-substituted-4-aminoquinazoline compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Landau M, Ben-Tal N. Dynamic equilibrium between multiple active and inactive conformations explains regulation and oncogenic mutations in ErbB receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1785:12-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Sasaki H, Endo K, Takada M, Kawahara M, Kitahara N, Tanaka H, Okumura M, Matsumura A, Iuchi K, Kawaguchi T, Kawano O, Yukiue H, Yokoyama T, Yano M, Fujii Y. EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation in Japanese lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 58:324-8. [PMID: 17686547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been reported in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially in female, never smoker patients with adenocarcinoma. Some common somatic mutations in EGFR, including deletion mutations in exon 19 and leucine to arginine substitution at amino acid position 858 (L858R) in exon 21, have been examined for their ability to predict sensitivity to gefitinib or erlotinib. On the other hand, previous report has shown that the insertion mutation at exon 20 is related to gefitinib resistance. We investigated the exon 20 EGFR mutation statuses in 322 surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer cases. Two hundred and five adenocarcinoma cases were included. The presence or absence of EGFR mutations of kinase domains was analyzed by direct sequences. EGFR insertion mutations at exon 20 were found from 7 of 322 (2.17%) lung cancer patients. We also detected the 18 deletion type mutations in exon 19, and 25 L858R type mutations in exon 21. There was a tendency towards higher exon 20 insertion ratio in never smoker (never smoker 4.4% versus smoker 1.3%, p=0.0996) and female (female 4.5% versus male 1.3%, p=0.0917). Two exon 20 insertion cases were treated with gefitinib and failed to response. EGFR insertion mutation in exon 20 could not be ignored from Japanese lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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Yu Z, Boggon TJ, Kobayashi S, Jin C, Ma PC, Dowlati A, Kern JA, Tenen DG, Halmos B. Resistance to an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in EGFR-mutant lung cancer reveals novel treatment strategies. Cancer Res 2007; 67:10417-27. [PMID: 17974985 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer derive significant clinical benefit from treatment with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib and erlotinib. Secondary EGFR mutations such as EGFR T790M commonly lead to resistance to these agents, limiting their long-term efficacy. Irreversible EGFR inhibitors such as CL-387,785 can overcome resistance and are in clinical development, yet acquired resistance against these agents is anticipated. We carried out a cell-based, in vitro random mutagenesis screen to identify EGFR mutations that confer resistance to CL-387,785 using T790M-mutant H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mutations at several residues occurred repeatedly leading to functional resistance to CL-387,785. These variants showed uninhibited cell growth, reduced apoptosis, and persistent EGFR activation in the presence of CL-387,785 as compared with parental H1975 cells, thus confirming their role in resistance. A screen of alternative agents showed that both an alternative EGFR inhibitor and a cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor led to significant inhibition of cell growth of the resistant mutants, suggestive of potential alternative treatment strategies. These results identify novel mutations mediating resistance to irreversible EGFR inhibitors and reveal alternative strategies to overcome or prevent the development of resistance in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH-44106-7284, USA
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Moasser MM. Targeting the function of the HER2 oncogene in human cancer therapeutics. Oncogene 2007; 26:6577-92. [PMID: 17486079 PMCID: PMC3071580 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The year 2007 marks exactly two decades since human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) was functionally implicated in the pathogenesis of human breast cancer (Slamon et al., 1987). This finding established the HER2 oncogene hypothesis for the development of some human cancers. An abundance of experimental evidence compiled over the past two decades now solidly supports the HER2 oncogene hypothesis. A direct consequence of this hypothesis was the promise that inhibitors of oncogenic HER2 would be highly effective treatments for HER2-driven cancers. This treatment hypothesis has led to the development and widespread use of anti-HER2 antibodies (trastuzumab) in clinical management resulting in significantly improved clinical antitumor efficacies that have transformed the clinical practice of oncology. In the shadows of this irrefutable clinical success, scientific studies have not yet been able to mechanistically validate that trastuzumab inhibits oncogenic HER2 function and it remains possible that the current clinical advances are a consequence of the oncogene hypothesis, but not a translation of it. These looming scientific uncertainties suggest that the full promise of the treatment hypothesis may not yet have been realized. The coming decade will see a second generation of HER2-targeting agents brought into clinical testing and a renewed attempt to treat HER2-driven cancers through the inactivation of HER2. Here, I review the development of treatments that target HER2 in the context of the HER2 oncogene hypothesis, and where we stand with regards to the clinical translation of the HER2 oncogene hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0875, USA.
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40
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Gong Y, Somwar R, Politi K, Balak M, Chmielecki J, Jiang X, Pao W. Induction of BIM is essential for apoptosis triggered by EGFR kinase inhibitors in mutant EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas. PLoS Med 2007; 4:e294. [PMID: 17927446 PMCID: PMC2001209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are associated with increased sensitivity of lung cancers to kinase inhibitors like erlotinib. Mechanisms of cell death that occur after kinase inhibition in these oncogene-dependent tumors have not been well delineated. We sought to improve understanding of this process in order to provide insight into mechanisms of sensitivity and/or resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and to uncover new targets for therapy. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using a panel of human lung cancer cell lines that harbor EGFR mutations and a variety of biochemical, molecular, and cellular techniques, we show that EGFR kinase inhibition in drug-sensitive cells provokes apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. The process requires induction of the proapoptotic BH3-only BCL2 family member BIM (i.e., BCL2-like 11, or BCL2L11); erlotinib dramatically induces BIM levels in sensitive but not in resistant cell lines, and knockdown of BIM expression by RNA interference virtually eliminates drug-induced cell killing in vitro. BIM status is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and is influenced by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade downstream of EGFR. Consistent with these findings, lung tumors and xenografts from mice bearing mutant EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas display increased concentrations of Bim after erlotinib treatment. Moreover, an inhibitor of antiapoptotic proteins, ABT-737, enhances erlotinib-induced cell death in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In drug-sensitive EGFR mutant lung cancer cells, induction of BIM is essential for apoptosis triggered by EGFR kinase inhibitors. This finding implies that the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation may influence sensitivity and/or resistance of EGFR mutant lung tumor cells to EGFR kinase inhibition. Manipulation of the intrinsic pathway could be a therapeutic strategy to enhance further the clinical outcomes of patients with EGFR mutant lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Gong
- Pao Laboratory, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Romel Somwar
- Varmus Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katerina Politi
- Varmus Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marissa Balak
- Pao Laboratory, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Juliann Chmielecki
- Pao Laboratory, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William Pao
- Pao Laboratory, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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41
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Liu G, Liu C, Sun L, Qu R, Chen H, Ji C. Synthesis and biological activity of novel N-substituted 4-amino-6,7,8-trimethoxyquinazoline compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-007-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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43
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Ranganathan A, Muneer S, Lara PN. 2007 Highlights from: the 24th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research Los Angeles, CA; April 14–18, 2007. Clin Lung Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-7304(11)70528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Abourbeh G, Dissoki S, Jacobson O, Litchi A, Ben Daniel R, Laki D, Levitzki A, Mishani E. Evaluation of radiolabeled ML04, a putative irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, as a bioprobe for PET imaging of EGFR-overexpressing tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 34:55-70. [PMID: 17210462 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in tumor development and malignancy. Evaluating the degree of EGFR expression in tumors could aid in identifying patients for EGFR-targeted therapies and in monitoring treatment. Nevertheless, no currently available assay can reliably quantify receptor content in tumors. Radiolabeled inhibitors of EGFR-TK could be developed as bioprobes for positron emission tomography imaging. Such imaging agents would not only provide a noninvasive quantitative measurement of EGFR content in tumors but also serve as radionuclide carriers for targeted radiotherapy. The potency, reversibility, selectivity and specific binding characteristics of ML04, an alleged irreversible inhibitor of EGFR, were established in vitro. The distribution of the F-18-labeled compound and the extent of EGFR-specific tumor uptake were evaluated in tumor-bearing mice. ML04 demonstrated potent, irreversible and selective inhibition of EGFR, combined with specific binding to the receptor in intact cells. In vivo distribution of the radiolabeled compound revealed tumor/blood and tumor/muscle activity uptake ratios of about 7 and 5, respectively, 3 h following administration of a radiotracer. Nevertheless, only minor EGFR-specific uptake of the compound was detected in these studies, using either EGFR-negative tumors or blocking studies as controls. To improve the in vivo performance of ML04, administration via prolonged intravenous infusion is proposed. Detailed pharmacokinetic characterization of this bioprobe could assist in the development of a kinetic model that would afford accurate measurement of EGFR content in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galith Abourbeh
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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45
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Abstract
The development and clinical application of inhibitors that target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) provide important insights for new lung cancer therapies, as well as for the broader field of targeted cancer therapies. We review the results of genetic, biochemical and clinical studies focused on somatic mutations of EGFR that are associated with the phenomenon of oncogene addiction, describing 'oncogenic shock' as a mechanistic explanation for the apoptosis that follows the acute treatment of susceptible cells with kinase inhibitors. Understanding the genetic heterogeneity of epithelial tumours and devising strategies to circumvent their rapid acquisition of resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors are essential to the successful use of targeted therapies in common epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath V Sharma
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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46
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Abstract
The development of tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitors has transformed the approach to cancer therapy and is likely to affect other fields of medicine. In spite of the conservation among protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), one can develop small molecules that block the activity of a narrow spectrum of PTKs and that exhibit much less toxicity than the currently used chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss principles for inhibiting specific PTKs. We discuss (a) the birth of the concept of generating targeted, nontoxic signal transduction inhibitors, (b) the potential of substrate-competitive versus the more common ATP-competitive PTK inhibitors, (c) the combination of PTK inhibitors with other signal transduction inhibitors to induce apoptosis-the best way to induce the demise of the cancer cell, and (d) the potential to utilize PTK inhibitors/tyrphostins to attenuate nonmalignant pathological conditions, such as immune disorders, tissue rejection, and restenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/chemistry
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
- Gefitinib
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/prevention & control
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Janus Kinase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Janus Kinase 3/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/metabolism
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Quinazolines/chemistry
- Quinazolines/metabolism
- Quinazolines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tyrphostins/chemistry
- Tyrphostins/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Levitzki
- The Silberman Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Biological Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Givat Ram Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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47
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Balak MN, Gong Y, Riely GJ, Somwar R, Li AR, Zakowski MF, Chiang A, Yang G, Ouerfelli O, Kris MG, Ladanyi M, Miller VA, Pao W. Novel D761Y and common secondary T790M mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung adenocarcinomas with acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 12:6494-501. [PMID: 17085664 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients whose lung adenocarcinomas harbor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain mutations, acquired resistance to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) has been associated with a second-site EGFR mutation, which leads to substitution of methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M). We aimed to elucidate the frequency and nature of secondary EGFR mutations in patients with acquired resistance to TKI monotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor cells from patients with acquired resistance were examined for secondary EGFR kinase domain mutations by molecular analyses. RESULTS Eight of 16 patients (50% observed rate; 95% confidence interval, 25-75%) had tumor cells with second-site EGFR mutations. Seven mutations were T790M and one was a novel D761Y mutation found in a brain metastasis. When combined with a drug-sensitive L858R mutation, the D761Y mutation modestly reduced the sensitivity of mutant EGFR to TKIs in both surrogate kinase and cell viability assays. In an autopsy case, the T790M mutation was found in multiple visceral metastases but not in a brain lesion. CONCLUSIONS The T790M mutation is common in patients with acquired resistance. The limited spectrum of TKI-resistant mutations in EGFR, which binds to erlotinib in the active conformation, contrasts with a wider range of second-site mutations seen with acquired resistance to imatinib, which binds to ABL and KIT, respectively, in closed conformations. Collectively, our data suggest that the type and nature of kinase inhibitor resistance mutations may be influenced by both anatomic site and mode of binding to the kinase target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Balak
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Thoracic Oncology Service, Varmus Lab, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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48
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Wu J, Crimmins JT, Monk KR, Williams JP, Fitzgerald ME, Tedesco S, Ratner N. Perinatal epidermal growth factor receptor blockade prevents peripheral nerve disruption in a mouse model reminiscent of benign world health organization grade I neurofibroma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 168:1686-96. [PMID: 16651634 PMCID: PMC1606591 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Benign peripheral nerve tumors called neurofibromas are a major source of morbidity for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. Some neurofibroma Schwann cells aberrantly express the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In a mouse model in which the CNPase promoter drives expression of human EGFR in Schwann cells, nerves develop hypertrophy, mast cell accumulation, collagen deposition, disruption of axon-glial interactions, characteristics of neurofibroma and are hypoalgesic. Administration of the EGFR antagonist cetuximab (IMC-C225) for 2 weeks beginning at birth in CNPase-hEGFR mice normalized all pathologies at 3 months of age as evaluated by hotplate testing or histology and by electron microscopy. Mast cell chemoattractants brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and transforming growth factor-beta1, which may account for mast cell accumulation and fibrosis, were reduced by cetuximab. Later treatment was much less effective. A birth to 2-week pulse of cetuximab blocked hEGFR phosphorylation and Schwann cell prolifera-tion in perinatal mutant nerve, so CNPase-hEGFR Schwann cell numbers correlate with the cetuximab effect. A >250-fold enlarged population of EGFR(+)/p75(+) cells was detected in newborn Nf1(+/-) mouse nerves. These results suggest the existence of an EGFR(+) cell enriched in the perinatal period capable of driving complex changes characteristic of neurofibroma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH 45229-7013, USA
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49
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Baselga J. Is There a Role for the Irreversible Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor EKB-569 in the Treatment of Cancer? A Mutation-Driven Question. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:2225-6. [PMID: 16710019 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.05.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Ji H, Zhao X, Yuza Y, Shimamura T, Li D, Protopopov A, Jung BL, McNamara K, Xia H, Glatt KA, Thomas RK, Sasaki H, Horner JW, Eck M, Mitchell A, Sun Y, Al-Hashem R, Bronson RT, Rabindran SK, Discafani CM, Maher E, Shapiro GI, Meyerson M, Wong KK. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III mutations in lung tumorigenesis and sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7817-22. [PMID: 16672372 PMCID: PMC1456806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510284103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa) and erlotinib (Tarceva) have shown anti-tumor activity in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Dramatic and durable responses have occurred in NSCLC tumors with mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In contrast, these inhibitors have shown limited efficacy in glioblastoma, where a distinct EGFR mutation, the variant III (vIII) in-frame deletion of exons 2-7, is commonly found. In this study, we determined that EGFRvIII mutation was present in 5% (3/56) of analyzed human lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but was not present in human lung adenocarcinoma (0/123). We analyzed the role of the EGFRvIII mutation in lung tumorigenesis and its response to tyrosine kinase inhibition. Tissue-specific expression of EGFRvIII in the murine lung led to the development of NSCLC. Most importantly, these lung tumors depend on EGFRvIII expression for maintenance. Treatment with an irreversible EGFR inhibitor, HKI-272, dramatically reduced the size of these EGFRvIII-driven murine tumors in 1 week. Similarly, Ba/F3 cells transformed with the EGFRvIII mutant were relatively resistant to gefitinib and erlotinib in vitro but proved sensitive to HKI-272. These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy for cancers harboring the EGFRvIII mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Ji
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yuki Yuza
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Takeshi Shimamura
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Danan Li
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Alexei Protopopov
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Boonim L. Jung
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kate McNamara
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Huili Xia
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Karen A. Glatt
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Roman K. Thomas
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hidefumi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - James W. Horner
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Eck
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | - Yangping Sun
- Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Maher
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of **Medicine and
| | - Geoffrey I. Shapiro
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of **Medicine and
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115
- Departments of **Medicine and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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