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Wu C, Jia L, Mu Q, Fang Z, Hamoudi HJAS, Huang M, Hu S, Zhang P, Xu Y, Lu S. Altered hippocampal subfield volumes in major depressive disorder with and without anhedonia. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:540. [PMID: 37491229 PMCID: PMC10369779 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous neuroimaging findings have demonstrated the association between anhedonia and the hippocampus. However, few studies have focused on the structural changes in the hippocampus in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with anhedonia. Meanwhile, considering that multiple and functionally specialized subfields of the hippocampus have their own signatures, the present study aimed to investigate the volumetric alterations of the hippocampus as well as its subfields in MDD patients with and without anhedonia. METHODS A total of 113 subjects, including 30 MDD patients with anhedonia, 40 MDD patients without anhedonia, and 43 healthy controls (HCs), were recruited in the study. All participants underwent high-resolution brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and the automated hippocampal substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0 was used to evaluate the volumes of hippocampal subfields. We compared the volumetric differences in hippocampal subfields among the three groups by analysis of variance (ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni), and partial correlation was used to explore the association between hippocampal subregion volumes and clinical characteristics. RESULTS ANOVA showed significant volumetric differences in the hippocampal subfields among the three groups in the left hippocampus head, mainly in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1, granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-ML-DG), and molecular layer (ML). Compared with HCs, both groups of MDD patients showed significantly smaller volumes in the whole left hippocampus head. Interestingly, further exploration revealed that only MDD patients with anhedonia had significantly reduced volumes in the left CA1, GC-ML-DG and ML when compared with HCs. No significant difference was found in the volumes of the hippocampal subfields between MDD patients without anhedonia and HCs, either the two groups of MDD patients. However, no association between hippocampal subfield volumes and clinical characteristics was found in either the subset of patients with anhedonia or in the patient group as a whole. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that MDD patients with anhedonia exhibit unique atrophy of the hippocampus and that subfield abnormalities in the left CA1 and DG might be associated with anhedonia in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congchong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Fifth Peoples' Hospital of Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingli Mu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Manli Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Pantazatos SP, Ogden T, Melhem NM, Brent DA, Lesanpezeshki M, Burke A, Keilp JG, Miller JM, Mann JJ. Smaller cornu ammonis (CA3) as a potential risk factor for suicidal behavior in mood disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:262-269. [PMID: 37244064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and suicidal behavior have moderate heritability and familial transmission, and are associated with smaller hippocampal volumes. However, it is unclear whether hippocampal alterations reflect heritable risk or epigenetic effects of childhood adversity, compensatory mechanisms, illness-related changes, or treatment effects. We sought to separate the relationships of hippocampal substructure volumes to mood disorder, suicidal behavior, and risk and resilience to both by examining high familial risk individuals (HR) who have passed the age of greatest risk for psychopathology onset. Structural brain imaging and hippocampal substructure segmentation quantified Cornu Ammonis (CA1-4), dentate gyrus, and subiculum gray matter volumes in healthy volunteers (HV, N = 25) and three groups with one or more relatives reporting early-onset mood disorder and suicide attempt: 1. Unaffected HR (N = 20); 2. HR with lifetime mood disorder and no suicide attempt (HR-MOOD, N = 25); and 3. HR with lifetime mood disorder and a previous suicide attempt (HR-MOOD + SA, N = 18). Findings were tested in an independent cohort not selected for family history (HV, N = 47; MOOD, N = 44; and MOOD + SA, N = 21). Lower CA3 volume was found in HR (vs. HV), consistent with the direction of previously published findings in MOOD+SA (vs. HV and MOOD), suggesting the finding reflects a familial biological risk marker, not illness or treatment-related sequelae, of suicidal behavior and mood disorder. Familial suicide risk may be mediated in part by smaller CA3 volume. The structure may serve as a risk indicator and therapeutic target for suicide prevention strategies in high-risk families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro P Pantazatos
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Todd Ogden
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nadine M Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad Lesanpezeshki
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ainsley Burke
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John G Keilp
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Shunkai L, Su T, Zhong S, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Chen P, Tang G, Qi Z, He J, Zhu Y, Lv S, Song Z, Miao H, Hu Y, Jia Y, Wang Y. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions associated with working memory impairment in melancholic depression. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2923-2935. [PMID: 34870570 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated structural and functional changes of the hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have analyzed the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of hippocampal subregions in melancholic MDD. We aimed to reveal the patterns for dFC variability in hippocampus subregions - including the bilateral rostral and caudal areas and its associations with cognitive impairment in melancholic MDD. METHODS Forty-two treatment-naive MDD patients with melancholic features and 55 demographically matched healthy controls were included. The sliding-window analysis was used to evaluate whole-brain dFC for each hippocampal subregions seed. We assessed between-group differences in the dFC variability values of each hippocampal subregion in the whole brain and cognitive performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Finally, association analysis was conducted to investigate their relationships. RESULTS Patients with melancholic MDD showed decreased dFC variability between the left rostral hippocampus and left anterior lobe of cerebellum compared with healthy controls (voxel p < 0.005, cluster p < 0.0125, GRF corrected), and poorer cognitive scores in working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, and social cognition (all p < 0.05). Association analysis showed that working memory was positively correlated with the dFC variability values of the left rostral hippocampus-left anterior lobe of the cerebellum (r = 0.338, p = 0.029) in melancholic MDD. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed the distinct dynamic functional pathway of hippocampal subregions in patients with melancholic MDD, and suggested that the dysfunction of hippocampus-cerebellum connectivity may be underlying the neural substrate of working memory impairment in melancholic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Shunkai
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ting Su
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guangmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sihui Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijin Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Haofei Miao
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Baier CJ, Dominguez S, Bras C, Cancela LM, Minetti A, Gallegos CE. Rat developmental fluoride exposure affects retention memory, leads to a depressive-like behavior, and induces biochemical changes in offspring rat brains. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Čermaková P, Andrýsková L, Brázdil M, Marečková K. Socioeconomic deprivation in early life and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: mediating role of hippocampal connectivity. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2671-2680. [PMID: 33327969 PMCID: PMC9647532 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience of early-life socioeconomic deprivation (ELSD) may increase the risk of mental disorders in young adulthood. This association may be mediated by structural and functional alterations of the hippocampus. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study on 122 participants of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood. Information about ELSD was collected via questionnaire from mothers during the first 18 months of participants' lives. At age 23-24, participants underwent examination by structural magnetic resonance imaging, resting-state functional connectivity and assessment of depressive symptoms (Mood and Feelings Questionnaire) and anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The association of ELSD with brain outcomes in young adulthood was assessed with correlations, linear regression (adjusting for sex, socioeconomic position and mother's mental health) and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS Higher ELSD was associated with greater depressive symptoms (B = 0.22; p = 0.001), trait anxiety (B = 0.07; p = 0.02) and lower global connectivity of the right hippocampus (B = -0.01; p = 0.02). These associations persisted when adjusted for covariates. In women, lower global connectivity of the right hippocampus was associated with stronger trait anxiety (B = -4.14; p = 0.01). Global connectivity of the right hippocampus as well as connectivity between the right hippocampus and the left middle temporal gyrus mediated the association between ELSD and trait anxiety in women. Higher ELSD correlated with a lower volume of the right hippocampus in men, but the volume of the right hippocampus was not related to mental health. CONCLUSIONS Early preventive strategies targeted at children from socioeconomically deprived families may yield long-lasting benefits for the mental health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Čermaková
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Milan Brázdil
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Marečková
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fu X, Yang X, Cui X, Liu F, Li H, Yan M, Xie G, Guo W. Overlapping and segregated changes of functional hubs in melancholic depression and non-melancholic depression. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 154:123-131. [PMID: 35933856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research found associations between neuropsychiatric disorders and patterns of highly connected "hub" nodes, which are crucial in coordinating brain functions. Melancholic depression is considered a relatively distinct and homogenous subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD), which responds better to pharmacological treatments than placebos or psychotherapies. Accordingly, melancholic depression probably has distinct neuropathological underpinnings. This study aims to examine the overlapping and segregated changes of functional hubs in melancholic and non-melancholic MDD. METHODS Thirty-one melancholic patients, 28 non-melancholic patients, and 32 healthy controls were included. Resting-state functional imaging data were analyzed using global functional connectivity. RESULTS Both melancholic and non-melancholic patients had increased GFC in the bilateral insula and decreased GFC in the PCC/precuneus compared to HCs. The distinction was that melancholic patients showed increased GFC in the bilateral thalamus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and left cerebellum Crus I and decreased GFC in the left temporal lobe, whereas non-melancholic patients showed increased GFC in the left superior parietal lobe. Additionally, compared with non-melancholic patients, melancholic individuals displayed significant increases of GFC in the left IPL and cerebellum. CONCLUSION Increased GFC of the insula and decreased GFC of the PCC and precuneus are the common abnormalities of melancholic and non-melancholic MDD. Hyperconnectivity of the IPL and cerebellum might be distinctive neuropathological features of melancholic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Meiqi Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guangrong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China.
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Tartt AN, Mariani MB, Hen R, Mann JJ, Boldrini M. Dysregulation of adult hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depression: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2689-2699. [PMID: 35354926 PMCID: PMC9167750 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) was previously hypothesized to be a disease of monoamine deficiency in which low levels of monoamines in the synaptic cleft were believed to underlie depressive symptoms. More recently, however, there has been a paradigm shift toward a neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression in which downstream effects of antidepressants, such as increased neurogenesis, contribute to improvements in cognition and mood. This review takes a top-down approach to assess how changes in behavior and hippocampal-dependent circuits may be attributed to abnormalities at the molecular, structural, and synaptic level. We conclude with a discussion of how antidepressant treatments share a common effect in modulating neuroplasticity and consider outstanding questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rene Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Areas of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Departments of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang W, Braden BB, Miranda G, Shu K, Wang S, Liu H, Wang Y. Integrating Multimodal and Longitudinal Neuroimaging Data with Multi-Source Network Representation Learning. Neuroinformatics 2021; 20:301-316. [PMID: 33978926 PMCID: PMC8586043 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the complex network of the brain is of great interest to the field of neuroimaging. Mining from these rich datasets, scientists try to unveil the fundamental biological mechanisms in the human brain. However, neuroimaging data collected for constructing brain networks is generally costly, and thus extracting useful information from a limited sample size of brain networks is demanding. Currently, there are two common trends in neuroimaging data collection that could be exploited to gain more information: 1) multimodal data, and 2) longitudinal data. It has been shown that these two types of data provide complementary information. Nonetheless, it is challenging to learn brain network representations that can simultaneously capture network properties from multimodal as well as longitudinal datasets. Here we propose a general fusion framework for multi-source learning of brain networks - multimodal brain network fusion with longitudinal coupling (MMLC). In our framework, three layers of information are considered, including cross-sectional similarity, multimodal coupling, and longitudinal consistency. Specifically, we jointly factorize multimodal networks and construct a rotation-based constraint to couple network variance across time. We also adopt the consensus factorization as the group consistent pattern. Using two publicly available brain imaging datasets, we demonstrate that MMLC may better predict psychometric scores than some other state-of-the-art brain network representation learning algorithms. Additionally, the discovered significant brain regions are synergistic with previous literature. Our new approach may boost statistical power and sheds new light on neuroimaging network biomarkers for future psychometric prediction research by integrating longitudinal and multimodal neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 878809, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - B Blair Braden
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Gustavo Miranda
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 878809, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology, 10 W. 31st Street Room 226D, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Suhang Wang
- College of Information Sciences and Technology, Penn State University, E397 Westgate Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 878809, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 878809, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Chenji S, Cox E, Jaworska N, Swansburg RM, MacMaster FP. Body mass index and variability in hippocampal volume in youth with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:415-425. [PMID: 33422817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both adults and youth. However, possible sources of variability for the hippocampus have not been well delineated. Here, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal volume in youth with MDD. METHODS Twenty-two controls (9 male, 13 female, 12-24 years), 24 youth with MDD and normal BMI (12 male, 12 female, 14-24 years), and 20 youth with MDD and high BMI (14 male, 6 female, 13-22 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Hippocampal volume was determined through manual tracing of high-resolution anatomical T1 scans, and LCModel quantified neurochemical concentrations. Intracranial volume was used as a covariate in analysis to control for effects of brain volume on hippocampus. RESULTS In youth with MDD and normal BMI, right hippocampal volume was reduced (p = 0.006, Bonferroni) and a trend for reduced left hippocampal volume was noted when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.054, Bonferroni). Left hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with BMI in youth with MDD and high BMI group (r = -0.593, p = 0.006). No associations were found between the right hippocampus and BMI and there were no group differences for metabolite concentrations. LIMITATIONS Larger sample sizes would enable researchers to explore overweight vs obese groups and effect of sex in MDD-BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS BMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Cox
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose M Swansburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta, Canada.
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Clinton SM, Shupe EA, Glover ME, Unroe KA, McCoy CR, Cohen JL, Kerman IA. Modeling heritability of temperamental differences, stress reactivity, and risk for anxiety and depression: Relevance to research domain criteria (RDoC). Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2076-2107. [PMID: 33629390 PMCID: PMC8382785 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal models provide important tools to study biological and environmental factors that shape brain function and behavior. These models can be effectively leveraged by drawing on concepts from the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) Initiative, which aims to delineate molecular pathways and neural circuits that underpin behavioral anomalies that transcend psychiatric conditions. To study factors that contribute to individual differences in emotionality and stress reactivity, our laboratory utilized Sprague-Dawley rats that were selectively bred for differences in novelty exploration. Selective breeding for low versus high locomotor response to novelty produced rat lines that differ in behavioral domains relevant to anxiety and depression, particularly the RDoC Negative Valence domains, including acute threat, potential threat, and loss. Bred Low Novelty Responder (LR) rats, relative to their High Responder (HR) counterparts, display high levels of behavioral inhibition, conditioned and unconditioned fear, avoidance, passive stress coping, anhedonia, and psychomotor retardation. The HR/LR traits are heritable, emerge in the first weeks of life, and appear to be driven by alterations in the developing amygdala and hippocampus. Epigenomic and transcriptomic profiling in the developing and adult HR/LR brain suggest that DNA methylation and microRNAs, as well as differences in monoaminergic transmission (dopamine and serotonin in particular), contribute to their distinct behavioral phenotypes. This work exemplifies ways that animal models such as the HR/LR rats can be effectively used to study neural and molecular factors driving emotional behavior, which may pave the way toward improved understanding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Shupe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Matthew E Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chelsea R McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Joshua L Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ilan A Kerman
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Behavioral Health Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Sair A, Şair YB, Saracoğlu İ, Sevincok L, Akyol A. The relation of major depression, OCD, personality disorders and affective temperaments with Temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2021; 171:106565. [PMID: 33535159 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), studies demonstrate frequent comorbidity with mood disorders, personality disorders (especially obsessive-compulsive disorder) and major depression, but there are conflicting findings. This study aimed to investigate psychiatric comorbidities and affective temperament among TLE patients and to explore the relationships between obsessive compulsive disorder, other personality disorders, major depression and affective temperament in order to clarify the mediator effect of TLE in these relationships. METHODS Thirty patients with TLE and 30 healthy volunteers were included. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM III-R Axis II Disorders (SCID-II), Hamilton Anxiety (HAM-A) scale, Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale, Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSSI) and Yale Brown Obsession Compulsion Scale (YBOCS) were applied and evaluated by a psychiatrist. Additionally, all individuals completed The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A). RESULTS Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy had higher scores in TEMPS-A, HAM-A, HAM-D, YBOCS and BSSI. Major depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and dependent and antisocial personality disorders were prevalent in patients. With respect to affective temperaments, depressive, cyclothymic and anxious temperaments were associated with obsessive compulsive disorder comorbidity; whereas, depressive and anxious temperaments were found to be associated with major depression comorbidity in patients with TLE. Furthermore, cluster A and cluster C personality disorders were associated with affective temperaments in patients with TLE. Affective temperaments had no correlation with illness duration, seizure frequency, depression severity and suicidal thoughts, but obsessions and compulsions. Suicidal thoughts were associated with obsessions and compulsions. CONCLUSION Affective temperaments are core personality traits with biological background and they may provide a foundation for psychiatric disorders, especially mood disorders. Considering that TLE originates from abnormalities in brain circuitry, it may form a basis for psychiatric disorders. Therefore, psychiatric evaluation to determine comorbidities may be beneficial to increase the quality of life of patients with TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sair
- Neurology Depertment, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Turkey.
| | - Yaşan Bilge Şair
- Psychiatry Depertment, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Turkey.
| | - İrem Saracoğlu
- Residant at Psychiatry Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Turkey.
| | - Levent Sevincok
- Psychiatry Depertment, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Turkey.
| | - Ali Akyol
- Neurology Depertment, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Medicine Faculty, Turkey.
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12
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Espinoza Oyarce DA, Shaw ME, Alateeq K, Cherbuin N. Volumetric brain differences in clinical depression in association with anxiety: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:406-429. [PMID: 32726102 PMCID: PMC7595741 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural differences associated with depression have not been confirmed in brain regions apart from the hippocampus. Comorbid anxiety has been inconsistently assessed, and may explain discrepancies in previous findings. We investigated the link between depression, comorbid anxiety and brain structure. METHODS We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42018089286). We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus, from database inception to Sept. 13, 2018, for MRI case-control studies that reported brain volumes in healthy adults and adults with clinical depression. We summarized mean volumetric differences using meta-analyses, and we assessed demographics, depression factors and segmentation procedure as moderators using meta-regressions. RESULTS We included 112 studies in the meta-analyses, assessing 4911 healthy participants and 5934 participants with depression (mean age 49.8 yr, 68.2% female). Volume effects were greater in late-onset depression and in multiple episodes of depression. Adults with depression and no comorbidity showed significantly lower volumes in the putamen, pallidum and thalamus, as well as significantly lower grey matter volume and intracranial volume; the largest effects were in the hippocampus (6.8%, p < 0.001). Adults with depression and comorbid anxiety showed significantly higher volumes in the amygdala (3.6%, p < 0.001). Comorbid anxiety lowered depression effects by 3% on average. Sex moderated reductions in intracranial volume. LIMITATIONS High heterogeneity in hippocampus effects could not be accounted for by any moderator. Data on symptom severity and medication were sparse, but other factors likely made significant contributions. CONCLUSION Depression-related differences in brain structure were modulated by comorbid anxiety, chronicity of symptoms and onset of illness. Early diagnosis of anxiety symptomatology will prove crucial to ensuring effective, tailored treatments for improving long-term mental health and mitigating cognitive problems, given the effects in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Espinoza Oyarce
- From the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Espinoza Oyarce, Alateeq, Cherbuin); and the College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Shaw)
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- From the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Espinoza Oyarce, Alateeq, Cherbuin); and the College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Shaw)
| | - Khawlah Alateeq
- From the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Espinoza Oyarce, Alateeq, Cherbuin); and the College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Shaw)
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- From the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Espinoza Oyarce, Alateeq, Cherbuin); and the College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia (Shaw)
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13
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Nolan M, Roman E, Nasa A, Levins KJ, O'Hanlon E, O'Keane V, Willian Roddy D. Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volume Changes in Major Depressive Disorder: A Targeted Review and Focus on Stress. CHRONIC STRESS 2020; 4:2470547020944553. [PMID: 33015518 PMCID: PMC7513405 DOI: 10.1177/2470547020944553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medial temporal lobe structures have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of
major depressive disorder. Although findings of smaller hippocampal and
amygdalar volumes are common, inconsistencies remain in the literature. In this
targeted review, we examine recent and significant neuroimaging papers examining
the volumes of these structures in major depressive disorder. A targeted
PubMed/Google Scholar search was undertaken focusing on volumetric neuroimaging
studies of the hippocampus and amygdala in major depressive disorder. Where
possible, mean volumes and accompanying standard deviations were extracted
allowing computation of Cohen’s ds effect sizes. Although not a
meta-analysis, this allows a broad comparison of volume changes across studies.
Thirty-nine studies in total were assessed. Hippocampal substructures and
amygdale substructures were investigated in 11 and 2 studies, respectively. The
hippocampus was more consistently smaller than the amygdala across studies,
which is reflected in the larger cumulative difference in volume found with the
Cohen’s ds calculations. The left and right hippocampi were,
respectively, 92% and 91.3% of the volume found in controls, and the left and
right amygdalae were, respectively, 94.8% and 92.6% of the volume of controls
across all included studies. The role of stress in temporal lobe structure
volume reduction in major depressive disorder is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Nolan
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anurag Nasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirk J Levins
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren Willian Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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The importance of identifying functional Val158Met polymorphism in catechol-O- Methyltransferase when assessing MRI-based volumetric measurements in major depressive disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2762-2770. [PMID: 31898087 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown volumetric differences in the hippocampus between COMT gene polymorphisms and other studies have shown differences between depressed patients and controls; yet, few studies have been completed to identify the volumetric differences when taking both factors into consideration. Using voxel-based morphology (VBM) we investigated, in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and healthy controls, the relationship between COMT gene polymorphism and volumetric abnormalities. Data from 60 MDD patients and 25 healthy controls were included in this study. Volumetric measurements and genotyping of COMTval158met polymorphism were conducted to determine its impact on gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus and amygdala using a Met dominant model (Val/Val vs Met/Val & Met/Met). In the analysis, a significant difference in the right hippocampus (p = 0.015), right amygdala (p = 0.003) and entire amygdala (p = 0.019) was found between the interaction of diagnosis and genotype after MRI scanner, age and sex correction. Healthy controls (HC) with the Met dominant genotype exhibited a larger right hippocampal, right amygdalar and entire amydgalar volume than MDD patients with the Met dominant genotype. Conversely, HC with the Val/Val genotype displayed a lower right hippocampal, right amygdalar and entire amygdalar volume than their MDD counterparts. This study shows that COMT polymorphism and depression may have a confounding effect on neuroimaging studies.
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15
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The rise and fall of MRI studies in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:335. [PMID: 31819044 PMCID: PMC6901449 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional brain alterations are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, we assessed the recent literature (1995-2018) on the structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of MDD. Despite the growing number of MRI studies on MDD, reverse inference is not possible as MRI scans cannot be used to aid in the diagnosis or treatment planning of patients with MDD. Hence, researchers must develop "bridges" to overcome the reverse inference fallacy in order to build effective tools for MDD diagnostics. From our findings, we proposed that the "bridges" may be built using multidisciplinary technologies, such as artificial intelligence, multimodality imaging, and nanotheranostics, allowing for the further study of MDD at the biological level. In return, the "bridges" will aid in the development of future diagnostics for MDD and other mental disorders.
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16
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The brain-adipocyte-gut network: Linking obesity and depression subtypes. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:1121-1144. [PMID: 30112671 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity are dominant and inter-related health burdens. Obesity is a risk factor for MDD, and there is evidence MDD increases risk of obesity. However, description of a bidirectional relationship between obesity and MDD is misleading, as closer examination reveals distinct unidirectional relationships in MDD subtypes. MDD is frequently associated with weight loss, although obesity promotes MDD. In contrast, MDD with atypical features (MDD-AF) is characterised by subsequent weight gain and obesity. The bases of these distinct associations remain to be detailed, with conflicting findings clouding interpretation. These associations can be viewed within a systems biology framework-the psycho-immune neuroendocrine (PINE) network shared between MDD and metabolic disorders. Shared PINE subsystem perturbations may underlie increased MDD in overweight and obese people (obesity-associated depression), while obesity in MDD-AF (depression-associated obesity) involves more complex interactions between behavioural and biomolecular changes. In the former, the chronic PINE dysfunction triggering MDD is augmented by obesity-dependent dysregulation in shared networks, including inflammatory, leptin-ghrelin, neuroendocrine, and gut microbiome systems, influenced by chronic image-associated psychological stress (particularly in younger or female patients). In MDD-AF, behavioural dysregulation, including hypersensitivity to interpersonal rejection, fundamentally underpins energy imbalance (involving hyperphagia, lethargy, hypersomnia), with evolving obesity exaggerating these drivers via positive feedback (and potentially augmenting PINE disruption). In both settings, sex and age are important determinants of outcome, associated with differences in emotional versus cognitive dysregulation. A systems biology approach is recommended for further research into the pathophysiological networks underlying MDD and linking depression and obesity.
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17
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Widman AJ, Cohen JL, McCoy CR, Unroe KA, Glover ME, Khan AU, Bredemann T, McMahon LL, Clinton SM. Rats bred for high anxiety exhibit distinct fear-related coping behavior, hippocampal physiology, and synaptic plasticity-related gene expression. Hippocampus 2019; 29:939-956. [PMID: 30994250 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory but also regulates emotional behavior. We previously identified the hippocampus as a major brain region that differs in rats bred for emotionality differences. Rats bred for low novelty response (LRs) exhibit high levels of anxiety- and depression-like behavior compared to high novelty responder (HR) rats. Manipulating the hippocampus of high-anxiety LR rats improves their behavior, although no work to date has examined possible HR/LR differences in hippocampal synaptic physiology. Thus, the current study examined hippocampal slice electrophysiology, dendritic spine density, and transcriptome profiling in HR/LR hippocampus, and compared performance on three hippocampus-dependent tasks: The Morris water maze, contextual fear conditioning, and active avoidance. Our physiology experiments revealed increased long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-CA1 synapses in HR versus LR hippocampus, and Golgi analysis found an increased number of dendritic spines in basal layer of CA1 pyramidal cells in HR versus LR rats. Transcriptome data revealed glutamate neurotransmission as the top functional pathway differing in the HR/LR hippocampus. Our behavioral experiments showed that HR/LR rats exhibit similar learning and memory capability in the Morris water maze, although the groups differed in fear-related tasks. LR rats displayed greater freezing behavior in the fear-conditioning task, and HR/LR rats adopted distinct behavioral strategies in the active avoidance task. In the active avoidance task, HRs avoided footshock stress by pressing a lever when presented with a warning cue; LR rats, on the other hand, waited until footshocks began before pressing the lever to stop them. Taken together, these findings concur with prior observations of HR rats generally exhibiting active stress coping behavior while LRs exhibit reactive coping. Overall, our current findings coupled with previous work suggest that HR/LR differences in stress reactivity and stress coping may derive, at least in part, from differences in the developing and adult hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie J Widman
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua L Cohen
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chelsea R McCoy
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Keaton A Unroe
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Matthew E Glover
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Anas U Khan
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Teruko Bredemann
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lori L McMahon
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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18
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Roddy DW, Farrell C, Doolin K, Roman E, Tozzi L, Frodl T, O'Keane V, O'Hanlon E. The Hippocampus in Depression: More Than the Sum of Its Parts? Advanced Hippocampal Substructure Segmentation in Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:487-497. [PMID: 30528746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume reduction is the most replicated finding in neuroimaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD). Varying hippocampal volume definition is a well-established problem in this field. Given that hippocampal function can be mapped onto anatomically defined substructures and that detailed examination of substructure volumes is now possible, we examined different hippocampal composite measures in MDD to look for hippocampal markers of MDD. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were compared between 80 patients with a range of MDD duration and 83 healthy control subjects. High-resolution T1-weighted and T2-weighted-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images were examined using the automated hippocampal substructure module in FreeSurfer 6.0. Between-group volumetric assessments were performed at substructure and composite substructures levels. RESULTS Patients with MDD showed a bilateral pattern of volume reduction in principal hippocampal substructures: the cornu ammonis (CA1-CA4), dentate gyrus, and subiculum. Changes were more pronounced on the left of these structures and in recurrent depression. CA2 to CA4 were the only substructures reduced in first-presentation depression. Overall changes were most marked in the left CA1, and CA1 volume was a predictor of illness duration. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal involvement in MDD is confined to principal substructures only. Differences between patients with MDD and healthy control subjects increased with progressively restricted hippocampal definitions, with the left CA1 emerging as a potential marker of MDD. Changes were more extensive in patients with recurrent, as opposed to first-presentation, MDD, suggesting a hippocampal disease process. These findings identify core hippocampal regions in the pathology of MDD, suggesting a potential marker of disease progression in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren W Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Chloe Farrell
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kelly Doolin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veronica O'Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Li X, Zhang J, Niu R, Manthari RK, Yang K, Wang J. Effect of fluoride exposure on anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mouse. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:454-460. [PMID: 30336322 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We established the mouse model of fluoride (68 mg F ion/L deionized water) exposure for 90 days, 120 days and 150 days, and applied diverse methods as behavioral models of anxiety and depression, and analyzed the levels of the anxiety- and depression-like related genes like BDNF1, BDNF4, 5-HT1A, VGLUT, GAD67, and VGAT in the mouse hippocampus. In the mice exposed to NaF for 120 days, compared to the control group, chalky opacity was observed on the enamel of teeth; the results of anxiety-like behavior, like elevated zero maze, light/dark exploration test, novel object recognition test and emergence test were significantly altered, however in the mice exposed for 150 days, only the elevated zero maze and emergence test were significantly altered. Also, the results of depression-like behavior were significantly altered in the 120 days treated mice. Exposure to NaF for 120 days significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of the BDNF4 with a concomitant increase in the 5-HT1A compared to the control mice. Especially the mRNA expression levels of GAD67 and VGAT were significantly decreased in all the three NaF treated groups. However, no significant changes were observed in the mRNA expression levels of the VGLUT compared to the control mice. In summary, we speculated that fluoride exposure had adverse effects on nervous system, inducing an imbalance between excitation and inhibition, which resulted in abnormal behavior and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jianmeng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Kaidong Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030801, China.
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20
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Pulli EP, Kumpulainen V, Kasurinen JH, Korja R, Merisaari H, Karlsson L, Parkkola R, Saunavaara J, Lähdesmäki T, Scheinin NM, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Prenatal exposures and infant brain: Review of magnetic resonance imaging studies and a population description analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1987-2000. [PMID: 30451332 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development is most rapid during the fetal period and the first years of life. This process can be affected by many in utero factors, such as chemical exposures and maternal health characteristics. The goal of this review is twofold: to review the most recent findings on the effects of these prenatal factors on the developing brain and to qualitatively assess how those factors were generally reported in studies on infants up to 2 years of age. To capture the latest findings in the field, we searched articles from PubMed 2012 onward with search terms referring to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), brain development, and infancy. We identified 19 MRI studies focusing on the effects of prenatal environment and summarized them to highlight the recent advances in the field. We assessed population descriptions in a representative sample of 67 studies and conclude that prenatal factors that have been shown to affect brain metrics are not generally reported comprehensively. Based on our findings, we propose some improvements for population descriptions to account for plausible confounders and in time enable reliable meta-analyses to be performed. This could help the pediatric neuroimaging field move toward more reliable identification of biomarkers for developmental outcomes and to better decipher the nuances of normal and abnormal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo P Pulli
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Venla Kumpulainen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi H Kasurinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuire Lähdesmäki
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Santos MAO, Bezerra LS, Carvalho ARMR, Brainer-Lima AM. Global hippocampal atrophy in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2018; 40:369-378. [PMID: 30234890 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD), an incapacitating mental disorder, is characterized by episodes of at least 2 weeks of apparent changes in mood, cognition, and neurovegetative functions. Many neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have examined morphometric changes in patients with MDD, but the results are not conclusive. This study aims to review the literature and perform a meta-analysis on hippocampal volume (HcV) in patients with MDD. METHODS Studies on HcV in patients with MDD diagnosis were identified from major databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, PsycINFO, and SciELO) using the search terms depression, major depressive disorder, MDD, unipolar, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, and hippocampus. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 29 studies fulfilling specific criteria was performed. The sample included 1327 patients and 1004 healthy participants. The studies were highly heterogeneous with respect to age, sex, age of onset, and average illness duration. However, the pooled effect size of depression was significant in both hippocampi. MDD was associated with right (-0.43; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] -0.66 to -0.21) and left (-0.40; 95%CI -0.66 to -0.15) hippocampal atrophy. CONCLUSIONS MDD seems to be associated with global HcV atrophy. Larger longitudinal follow-up studies designed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables on this relationship are required to yield better evidence about this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antônio Oliveira Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia e Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Soares Bezerra
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia e Cardiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Mertens Brainer-Lima
- Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pronto-Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco (PROCAPE), Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
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22
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Abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis in Parkinson’s disease: relevance to a new therapeutic target for depression with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:943-954. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Paeoniflorin, the Main Active Ingredient of Shuyu Capsule, Inhibits Ca v1.2 and Regulates Calmodulin/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Signalling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8459287. [PMID: 29362718 PMCID: PMC5736929 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8459287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the antidepression activity of paeoniflorin, the main active ingredient of paeony extract and Shuyu capsules, and determine its effect on the calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM/CaMKII) signalling pathway and on the possible target, the voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav). Rats at the nonacceptance stage were selected for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) depression modelling. Behavioural assays were used for model testing. Rats were given Shuyu capsules, paeony extract, and bupleurum. Western blot analysis was used to assess the expression levels of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 C (CACNA1C), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and CaM/CaMKII signalling pathway proteins. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration in CHO cell line was measured using Fluo-4-AM and whole-cell patch clamps. The PMS depression model was successfully established and demonstrated that Shuyu can mitigate depressive behaviour in a rat PMS model. Paeony extract did not affect CACNA1C protein expression in rat hippocampi but did affect Cav1.2-mediated CaM/CaMKII signalling pathways. Paeoniflorin significantly inhibited KCl-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and Cav1.2 current density. Further, it may function via the CaM/CaMKII pathway and its downstream signalling molecules by regulating Cav1.2, thus playing an important role in the treatment and alleviation of affective disorders.
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Abstract
The history and present status of the definition, prevalence, neurobiology, and treatment of atypical depression (AD) is presented. The concept of AD has evolved through the years, and currently, in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), Fifth Edition, the specifier of depressive episode with atypical feature is present for both diagnostic groups, that is, depressive disorders and bipolar and related disorders. This specifier includes mood reactivity, hyperphagia, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. Prevalence rates of AD are variable, depending on the criteria, methodology, and settings. The results of epidemiological studies using DSM criteria suggest that 15%-29% of depressed patients have AD, and the results of clinical studies point to a prevalence of 18%-36%. A relationship of AD with bipolar depression, seasonal depression, and obesity has also been postulated. Pathogenic research has been mostly focused on distinguishing AD from melancholic depression. The differences have been found in biochemical studies in the areas of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory markers, and the leptin system, although the results obtained are frequently controversial. A number of findings concerning such differences have also been obtained using neuroimaging and neurophysiological and neuropsychological methods. An initial concept of AD as a preferentially monoamine oxidase inhibitor-responsive depression, although confirmed in some further studies, is of limited use nowadays. Currently, despite numerous drug trials, there are no comprehensive treatment guidelines for AD. We finalize the article by describing the future research perspectives for the definition, neurobiology, and treatment. A better specification of diagnostic criteria and description of clinical picture, a genome-wide association study of AD, and establishing updated treatment recommendations for this clinical phenomenon should be the priorities for the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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25
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Szymkowicz SM, McLaren ME, O'Shea A, Woods AJ, Anton SD, Dotson VM. Depressive symptoms modify age effects on hippocampal subfields in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:1494-1500. [PMID: 27696657 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Major depression is associated with hippocampal volume changes, especially in late-life depression. These changes usually consist of volume reductions, but depression-related increases in hippocampal volume have also been reported. Subfield analysis has identified structural changes primarily in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2-3 and subiculum of the hippocampus in individuals with major depression; however, it is unclear whether lower levels of depressive symptoms are also associated volume reduction, or if depressive symptoms interact with age to impact hippocampal subfields. The current study addressed these questions. METHODS A total of 43 community-dwelling older adults completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Hippocampal subfield segmentation was carried out using an automated procedure, and left and right volumes from CA1, CA2-3, and the subiculum served as outcome measures. Multiple hierarchical regressions were carried out with age, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores and their interaction as the independent variables, and sex and total intracranial volume as covariates. RESULTS Higher Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale scores were associated with less age-related volumetric decreases in the right subiculum and right CA1. CONCLUSIONS Age-related atrophy in the hippocampus might be counteracted by depressive symptom-related enlargement of CA1 and the subiculum. More research is required to better understand the functional significance of this relationship. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1494-1500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Szymkowicz
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Molly E McLaren
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Center for Cognitive Aging & Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Center for Cognitive Aging & Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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26
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Bowers ME, Yehuda R. Intergenerational Transmission of Stress in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:232-44. [PMID: 26279078 PMCID: PMC4677138 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that offspring are affected by parental trauma or stress exposure, first noted anecdotally, is now supported empirically by data from Holocaust survivor offspring cohorts and other populations. These findings have been extended to less extreme forms of stress, where differential physical, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes are observed in affected offspring. Parental stress-mediated effects in offspring could be explained by genetics or social learning theory. Alternatively, biological variations stemming from stress exposure in parents could more directly have an impact on offspring, a concept we refer to here as 'intergenerational transmission', via changes to gametes and the gestational uterine environment. We further extend this definition to include the transmission of stress to offspring via early postnatal care, as animal studies demonstrate the importance of early maternal care of pups in affecting offsprings' long-term behavioral changes. Here, we review clinical observations in offspring, noting that offspring of stress- or trauma-exposed parents may be at greater risk for physical, behavioral, and cognitive problems, as well as psychopathology. Furthermore, we review findings concerning offspring biological correlates of parental stress, in particular, offspring neuroendocrine, epigenetic, and neuroanatomical changes, in an attempt to determine the extent of parental stress effects. Although understanding the etiology of effects in offspring is currently impeded by methodological constraints, and limitations in our knowledge, we summarize current information and conclude by presenting hypotheses that have been prompted by recent studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Bowers
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA,Mental Health Care Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount, NY, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 526 OOMH PTSD 116/A, JJP VAMC, 130 W Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA, Tel: +718 741 4000, ext. 6964, Fax: +718 741 4703, E-mail:
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27
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Rogers MA, Yamasue H, Kasai K. Antidepressant Medication May Moderate the Effect of Depression Duration on Hippocampus Volume. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Hippocampus volume has been frequently, but not universally reported to be reduced in people with major depression relative to age-matched healthy controls. Among the potential reasons for this discrepancy in finding across studies is the effect of antidepressant medication. Hippocampus volume was determined by MRI (1.5 Tesla) for 10 people diagnosed with major depression for who detailed history of depression and antidepressant treatment history were known, and 10 age-matched healthy controls with no history of depression. Left, but not right, hippocampus volumes were significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation such that left hippocampus volume was smaller with increasing lifetime duration of depression. However, this relationship was moderated by a significant correlation such that greater lifetime duration of antidepressant medication was associated with larger left hippocampus volume. The findings support the contention that antidepressant medication may act to normalize hippocampus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Rogers
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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28
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Ota M, Noda T, Sato N, Hattori K, Hori H, Sasayama D, Teraishi T, Nagashima A, Obu S, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. White matter abnormalities in major depressive disorder with melancholic and atypical features: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 69:360-8. [PMID: 25384997 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The DSM-IV recognizes some subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD). It is known that the effectiveness of antidepressants differs among the MDD subtypes, and thus the differentiation of the subtypes is important. However, little is known as to structural brain changes in MDD with atypical features (aMDD) in comparison with MDD with melancholic features (mMDD), which prompted us to examine possible differences in white matter integrity assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) between these two subtypes. METHODS Subjects were 21 patients with mMDD, 24 with aMDD, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers whose DTI data were obtained by 1.5 tesla magnetic resonance imaging. We compared fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity value derived from DTI data on a voxel-by-voxel basis among the two diagnostic groups and healthy subjects. RESULTS There were significant decreases of fractional anisotropy and increases of mean diffusivity in patients with MDD compared with healthy subjects in the corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and left superior longitudinal fasciculus. However, we detected no significant difference in any brain region between mMDD and aMDD. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with MDD had reduced white matter integrity in some regions; however, there was no major difference between aMDD and mMDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Nagashima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Obu
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Decreased quinolinic acid in the hippocampus of depressive patients: evidence for local anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:321-9. [PMID: 25409655 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission and mononuclear phagocyte system activation have been described uni- and bipolar depression (UD/BD). Linking the glutamate and immune hypotheses of depression, quinolinic acid (QUIN) is synthesized by activated microglia and acts as an endogenous N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDA-R) agonist with neurotoxic properties. Recently, we observed an increased microglial QUIN expression in the subgenual and supracallosal, but not in the pregenual part of the anterior cingulate cortex in postmortem brains of suicide cases with severe depression. Since several hints point to a role of the hippocampus in depression, we extended our study and addressed the question whether microglial QUIN is also changed in subregions of the hippocampus (CA1 and CA2/3 areas) in these patients. Postmortem brains of 12 acutely depressed patients (UD, n = 6; BD, n = 6) and 10 neuropsychiatric healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects were analyzed using QUIN-immunohistochemistry. Hippocampal volumes were determined in order to assess possible neurotoxic or neurodegenerative aspects. Microglial QUIN expression in the whole group of depressed patients was either comparable (left CA1, right CA2/3) or decreased (right CA1: p = 0.004, left CA2/3: p = 0.044) relative to controls. Post hoc tests showed that QUIN was reduced both in UD and BD in the right CA1 field (UD, p = 0.048; BD, p = 0.031). No loss of hippocampal volume was detected. Our data indicate that UD and BD are associated with a local reduction in QUIN-immunoreactive microglia in the hippocampus and underline the importance of the NMDA-R signaling in depressive disorders.
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30
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Zhou H, Yu CL, Wang LP, Yang YX, Mao RR, Zhou QX, Xu L. NMDA and D1 receptors are involved in one-trial tolerance to the anxiolytic-like effects of diazepam in the elevated plus maze test in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:40-5. [PMID: 26004015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The elevated plus maze (EPM) test is used to examine anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. One interesting phenomenon in the EPM test is one-trial tolerance (OTT), which refers to the reduction in the anxiolytic-like effects of benzodiazepines when rodents are re-exposed to the EPM. However, the underlying mechanism of OTT is still unclear. In this study, we reported that OTT occurred when re-exposure to the EPM (trial 2) only depended on the prior experience of the EPM (trial 1) rather than diazepam treatment. This process was memory-dependent, as it was prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors antagonist MK-801 1.5h before trial 2. In addition, OTT was maintained for at least one week but was partially abolished after an interval of 28 days. Furthermore, the administration of the D1-like receptors agonist SKF38393 to the bilateral dorsal hippocampus largely prevented OTT, as demonstrated by the ability of the diazepam treatment to produce significant anxiolytic-like effects in trial 2 after a one-day interval. These findings suggest that OTT to the EPM test may occur via the activation of NMDA receptors and the inactivation of D1-like receptors in certain brain regions, including the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Cheng-Long Yu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yue-Xiong Yang
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Rong-Rong Mao
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Qi-Xin Zhou
- Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, CAS, Kunming 650223, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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31
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Almeida Montes LG, Prado Alcántara H, Portillo Cedeño BA, Hernández García AO, Fuentes Rojas PE. Persistent decrease in alpha current density in fully remitted subjects with major depressive disorder treated with fluoxetine: A prospective electric tomography study. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:191-200. [PMID: 25835548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recurrent, and its pathophysiology is not fully understood. Studies using electric tomography (ET) have identified abnormalities in the current density (CD) of MDD subjects in regions associated with the neurobiology of MDD, such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC). However, little is known regarding the long-term CD changes in MDD subjects who respond to antidepressants. The aim of this study was to compare CD between healthy and MDD subjects who received 1-year open-label treatment with fluoxetine. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalograms (EEGs) were collected from 70 healthy controls and 74 MDD subjects at baseline (pre-treatment), 1 and 2weeks and 1, 2, 6, 9 and 12months. Variable-resolution ET (VARETA) was used to assess the CD between subject groups at each time point. The MDD group exhibited decreased alpha CD (αCD) in the occipital and parietal cortices, ACC, mOFC, thalamus and caudate nucleus at each time point. The αCD abnormalities persisted in the MDD subjects despite their achieving full remission. The low sub-alpha band was different between the healthy and MDD subjects. Differences in the amount of αCD between sexes and treatment outcomes were observed. Lack of a placebo arm and the loss of depressed patients to follow-up were significant limitations. The persistence of the decrease in αCD might suggest that the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of MDD are not corrected despite the asymptomatic state of MDD subjects, which could be significant in understanding the highly recurrent nature of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Guillermo Almeida Montes
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México.
| | - Hugo Prado Alcántara
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Bertha Alicia Portillo Cedeño
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Ana Olivia Hernández García
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
| | - Patricia Elisa Fuentes Rojas
- Centro Estatal de Salud Mental, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Querétaro (SESEQ), Avenida 5 de Febrero 105, Los Virreyes, C.P. 76170 Querétaro, México
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Hanson JL, Nacewicz BM, Sutterer MJ, Cayo AA, Schaefer SM, Rudolph KD, Shirtcliff EA, Pollak SD, Davidson RJ. Behavioral problems after early life stress: contributions of the hippocampus and amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:314-23. [PMID: 24993057 PMCID: PMC4241384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) can compromise development, with higher amounts of adversity linked to behavioral problems. To understand this linkage, a growing body of research has examined two brain regions involved with socioemotional functioning-amygdala and hippocampus. Yet empirical studies have reported increases, decreases, and no differences within human and nonhuman animal samples exposed to different forms of ELS. This divergence in findings may stem from methodological factors, nonlinear effects of ELS, or both. METHODS We completed rigorous hand-tracing of the amygdala and hippocampus in three samples of children who experienced different forms of ELS (i.e., physical abuse, early neglect, or low socioeconomic status). Interviews were also conducted with children and their parents or guardians to collect data about cumulative life stress. The same data were also collected in a fourth sample of comparison children who had not experienced any of these forms of ELS. RESULTS Smaller amygdala volumes were found for children exposed to these different forms of ELS. Smaller hippocampal volumes were also noted for children who were physically abused or from low socioeconomic status households. Smaller amygdala and hippocampal volumes were also associated with greater cumulative stress exposure and behavioral problems. Hippocampal volumes partially mediated the relationship between ELS and greater behavioral problems. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests ELS may shape the development of brain areas involved with emotion processing and regulation in similar ways. Differences in the amygdala and hippocampus may be a shared diathesis for later negative outcomes related to ELS.
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Caldwell JZK, Armstrong JM, Hanson JL, Sutterer MJ, Stodola DE, Koenigs M, Kalin NH, Essex MJ, Davidson RJ. Preschool externalizing behavior predicts gender-specific variation in adolescent neural structure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117453. [PMID: 25658357 PMCID: PMC4319931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus is believed to underlie the development of much psychopathology. However, to date only limited longitudinal data relate early behavior with neural structure later in life. Our objective was to examine the relationship of early life externalizing behavior with adolescent brain structure. We report here the first longitudinal study linking externalizing behavior during preschool to brain structure during adolescence. We examined the relationship of preschool externalizing behavior with amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex volumes at age 15 years in a community sample of 76 adolescents followed longitudinally since their mothers’ pregnancy. A significant gender by externalizing behavior interaction revealed that males—but not females—with greater early childhood externalizing behavior had smaller amygdala volumes at adolescence (t = 2.33, p = .023). No significant results were found for the hippocampus or the prefrontal cortex. Greater early externalizing behavior also related to smaller volume of a cluster including the angular gyrus and tempoparietal junction across genders. Results were not attributable to the impact of preschool anxiety, preschool maternal stress, school-age internalizing or externalizing behaviors, or adolescent substance use. These findings demonstrate a novel, gender-specific relationship between early-childhood externalizing behavior and adolescent amygdala volume, as well as a cross-gender result for the angular gyrus and tempoparietal junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Z. K. Caldwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey M. Armstrong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Sutterer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Stodola
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Koenigs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ned H. Kalin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Marilyn J. Essex
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Center for Investigating Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Miller MA, Leckie RL, Donofry SD, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI, Manuck SB, Roecklein KA. Photoperiod is associated with hippocampal volume in a large community sample. Hippocampus 2015; 25:534-43. [PMID: 25394737 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although animal research has demonstrated seasonal changes in hippocampal volume, reflecting seasonal neuroplasticity, seasonal differences in human hippocampal volume have yet to be documented. Hippocampal volume has also been linked to depressed mood, a seasonally varying phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that seasonal differences in day-length (i.e., photoperiod) would predict differences in hippocampal volume, and that this association would be linked to low mood. Healthy participants aged 30-54 (M=43; SD=7.32) from the University of Pittsburgh Adult Health and Behavior II project (n=404; 53% female) were scanned in a 3T MRI scanner. Hippocampal volumes were determined using an automated segmentation algorithm using FreeSurfer. A mediation model tested whether hippocampal volume mediated the relationship between photoperiod and mood. Secondary analyses included seasonally fluctuating variables (i.e., sleep and physical activity) which have been shown to influence hippocampal volume. Shorter photoperiods were significantly associated with higher BDI scores (R(2)=0.01, β=-0.12, P=0.02) and smaller hippocampal volumes (R(2)=0.40, β=0.08, P=0.04). However, due to the lack of an association between hippocampal volume and Beck Depression Inventory scores in the current sample, the mediation hypothesis was not supported. This study is the first to demonstrate an association between season and hippocampal volume. These data offer preliminary evidence that human hippocampal plasticity could be associated with photoperiod and indicates a need for longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Fusion analysis of first episode depression: where brain shape deformations meet local composition of tissue. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 7:114-21. [PMID: 25610773 PMCID: PMC4299971 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Computational neuroanatomical techniques that are used to evaluate the structural correlates of disorders in the brain typically measure regional differences in gray matter or white matter, or measure regional differences in the deformation fields required to warp individual datasets to a standard space. Our aim in this study was to combine measurements of regional tissue composition and of deformations in order to characterize a particular brain disorder (here, major depressive disorder). We use structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data from young adults in a first episode of depression, and from an age- and sex-matched group of non-depressed individuals, and create population gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) tissue average templates using DARTEL groupwise registration. We obtained GM and WM tissue maps in the template space, along with the deformation fields required to co-register the DARTEL template and the GM and WM maps in the population. These three features, reflecting tissue composition and shape of the brain, were used within a joint independent-components analysis (jICA) to extract spatially independent joint sources and their corresponding modulation profiles. Coefficients of the modulation profiles were used to capture differences between depressed and non-depressed groups. The combination of hippocampal shape deformations and local composition of tissue (but neither shape nor local composition of tissue alone) was shown to discriminate reliably between individuals in a first episode of depression and healthy controls, suggesting that brain structural differences between depressed and non-depressed individuals do not simply reflect chronicity of the disorder but are there from the very outset. We combine measurements of regional tissue composition and of deformations to characterize major depressive disorder. We use structural MRI data from young adults in a first episode of depression. The combination of hippocampal shape deformations and tissue composition was shown to discriminate between individuals.
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Kalman E, Keay KA. Different patterns of morphological changes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus accompany the differential expression of disability following nerve injury. J Anat 2014; 225:591-603. [PMID: 25269883 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical and psychological trauma which results in mood disorders and the disruption of complex behaviours is associated with reductions in hippocampal volume. Clinical evaluation of neuropathic pain reveals mood and behavioural change in a significant number of patients. A rat model of neuropathic injury results in complex behavioural changes in a subpopulation (~30%) of injured rats; these changes are co-morbid with a range of other 'disabilities'. The specific objective of this study was to determine in rats the morphology of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus in individuals with and without complex behavioural disruptions following a constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, and to determine whether rats that develop disabilities following nerve injury have a reduced hippocampal volume compared with injured rats with no disabilities. The social behaviours of nerve-injured rats were evaluated before and after nerve injury. The morphology of the hippocampus of rats with and without behavioural disruptions was compared in serial histological sections. Single-housing and repeated social-interaction testing had no effect on the morphology of either the hippocampus or the dentate gyrus. Rats with transient or ongoing disability identified by behavioural disruption following sciatic nerve injury, show bilateral reductions in hippocampal volume, and lateralised reduction in the dentate gyrus (left side). Disabled rats display a combination of behavioural and physiological changes, which resemble many of the criteria used clinically to diagnose mood disorders. They also show reductions in the volume of the hippocampus similar to people with clinically diagnosed mood disorders. The sciatic nerve injury model reveals a similarity to the human neuropathic pain presentation presenting an anatomically specific focus for the investigation of the neural mechanisms underpinning the co-morbidity of chronic pain and mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Kalman
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ramezani M, Johnsrude I, Rasoulian A, Bosma R, Tong R, Hollenstein T, Harkness K, Abolmaesumi P. Temporal-lobe morphology differs between healthy adolescents and those with early-onset of depression. Neuroimage Clin 2014; 6:145-55. [PMID: 25379426 PMCID: PMC4215529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has previously been linked to structural changes in several brain regions, particularly in the medial temporal lobes (Bellani, Baiano, Brambilla, 2010; Bellani, Baiano, Brambilla, 2011). This has been determined using voxel-based morphometry, segmentation algorithms, and analysis of shape deformations (Bell-McGinty et al., 2002; Bergouignan et al., 2009; Posener et al., 2003; Vasic et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2008): these are methods in which information related to the shape and the pose (the size, and anatomical position and orientation) of structures is lost. Here, we incorporate information about shape and pose to measure structural deformation in adolescents and young adults with and without depression (as measured using the Beck Depression Inventory and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria). As a hypothesis-generating study, a significance level of p < 0.05, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, was used, so that subtle morphological differences in brain structures between adolescent depressed individuals and control participants could be identified. We focus on changes in cortical and subcortical temporal structures, and use a multi-object statistical pose and shape model to analyze imaging data from 16 females (aged 16-21) and 3 males (aged 18) with early-onset MDD, and 25 female and 1 male normal control participants, drawn from the same age range. The hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, putamen, and superior, inferior and middle temporal gyri in both hemispheres of the brain were automatically segmented using the LONI Probabilistic Brain Atlas (Shattuck et al., 2008) in MNI space. Points on the surface of each structure in the atlas were extracted and warped to each participant's structural MRI. These surface points were analyzed to extract the pose and shape features. Pose differences were detected between the two groups, particularly in the left and right putamina, right hippocampus, and left and right inferior temporal gyri. Shape differences were detected between the two groups, particularly in the left hippocampus and in the left and right parahippocampal gyri. Furthermore, pose measures were significantly correlated with BDI score across the whole (clinical and control) sample. Since the clinical participants were experiencing their very first episodes of MDD, morphological alteration in the medial temporal lobe appears to be an early sign of MDD, and is unlikely to result from treatment with antidepressants. Pose and shape measures of morphology, which are not usually analyzed in neuromorphometric studies, appear to be sensitive to depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ingrid Johnsrude
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linnaeus Centre for Hearing and Deafness, Linköping University, Linköping SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Abtin Rasoulian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rachael Bosma
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ryan Tong
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tom Hollenstein
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kate Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Purang Abolmaesumi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Wei D, Du X, Li W, Chen Q, Li H, Hao X, Zhang L, Hitchman G, Zhang Q, Qiu J. Regional gray matter volume and anxiety-related traits interact to predict somatic complaints in a non-clinical sample. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:122-8. [PMID: 24622213 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic complaints can be important features of an individual's expression of anxiety. Anxiety-related traits are also risk factors for somatic symptoms. However, it is not known which neuroanatomical mechanisms may be responsible for this relationship. In this study, our first step was to use voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approaches to investigate the neuroanatomical basis underlying somatic complaints in a large sample of healthy subjects. We found a significant positive correlation between somatic complaints and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) volume adjacent to the entorhinal cortex. Further analysis revealed that the interaction between PHG volume/entorhinal cortex and neuroticism-anxiety (N-Anx) predicted somatic complaints. Specifically, somatic complaints were associated with higher N-Anx for individuals with increased PHG volume. These findings suggest that increased PHG volume and higher trait anxiety can predict vulnerability to somatic complaints in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haijiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Glenn Hitchman
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China and Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Rahman AS, Xu J, Potenza MN. Hippocampal and amygdalar volumetric differences in pathological gambling: a preliminary study of the associations with the behavioral inhibition system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:738-45. [PMID: 24077065 PMCID: PMC3895252 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) are hypothesized to underlie motivated behavior, relate to hippocampal and amygdalar function, and link to pathological gambling (PG). Prior studies have not investigated hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in PG and their relationships to BIS/BAS measures. Structural MRI scans and BIS/BAS and other clinical measures were obtained from 32 PG individuals and 47 healthy comparison (HC) individuals. Volumetric measures of the hippocampus and amygdala were assessed using FreeSurfer and related to BIS/BAS measures. PG relative to HC individuals demonstrated diminished volume in the left hippocampus and right amygdala and higher BIS and BAS scores. BIS scores were positively correlated with left hippocampal and left amygdalar volumes in PG individuals. The findings of relatively diminished hippocampal and amygdalar volumes in PG individuals resonate with findings from substance-dependent groups. Relationships between amygdalar and hippocampal volumes and BIS measures in PG suggest that individual differences in these structures may contribute to avoidance behaviors in PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir S Rahman
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiansong Xu
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Church St, 7th Floor Room 726, New Haven, CT 06519, USA, Tel: +1 203 737 3553, Fax: +1 203 737 3591, E-mail:
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Pannekoek JN, van der Werff SJA, van den Bulk BG, van Lang NDJ, Rombouts SARB, van Buchem MA, Vermeiren RRJM, van der Wee NJA. Reduced anterior cingulate gray matter volume in treatment-naïve clinically depressed adolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:336-42. [PMID: 24501702 PMCID: PMC3913835 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent depression is associated with increased risk for suicidality, social and educational impairment, smoking, substance use, obesity, and depression in adulthood. It is of relevance to further our insight in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this disorder in the developing brain, as this may be essential to optimize treatment and prevention of adolescent depression and its negative clinical trajectories. The equivocal findings of the limited number of studies on neural abnormalities in depressed youth stress the need for further neurobiological investigation of adolescent depression. We therefore performed a voxel-based morphometry study of the hippocampus, amygdala, superior temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in 26 treatment-naïve, clinically depressed adolescents and 26 pair-wise matched healthy controls. Additionally, an exploratory whole-brain analysis was performed. Clinically depressed adolescents showed a volume reduction of the bilateral dorsal ACC compared to healthy controls. However, no association was found between gray matter volume of the ACC and clinical severity scores for depression or anxiety. Our finding of a smaller ACC in clinically depressed adolescents is consistent with literature on depressed adults. Future research is needed to investigate if gray matter abnormalities precede or follow clinical depression in adolescents. Voxel-based morphometry ROI and exploratory whole-brain analyses were performed Depressed adolescents showed a smaller anterior cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls No association found between gray matter volume of the effect and clinical scores for depression
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Nienke Pannekoek
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca G van den Bulk
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja D J van Lang
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands ; Curium-LUMC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Daulatzai MA. Role of stress, depression, and aging in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 18:265-96. [PMID: 25167923 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of progressive cognitive dysfunction and dementia. Despite considerable progress in elucidating the molecular pathology of this disease, we are not yet close to unraveling its etiopathogenesis. A battery of neurotoxic modifiers may underpin neurocognitive pathology via deleterious heterogeneous pathologic impact in brain regions, including the hippocampus. Three important neurotoxic factors being addressed here include aging, stress, and depression. Unraveling "upstream pathologies" due to these disparate neurotoxic entities, vis-à-vis cognitive impairment involving hippocampal dysfunction, is of paramount importance. Persistent systemic inflammation triggers and sustains neuroinflammation. The latter targets several brain regions including the hippocampus causing upregulation of amyloid beta and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic and neuronal degeneration, gray matter volume atrophy, and progressive cognitive decline. However, what is the fundamental source of this peripheral inflammation in aging, stress, and depression? This chapter highlights and delineates the inflammatory involvement-i.e., from its inception from gut to systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation. It highlights an upregulated cascade in which gut-microbiota-related dysbiosis generates lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which enhances inflammation and gut's leakiness, and through a Web of interactions, it induces stress and depression. This may increase neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis, promote learning and memory impairment, and enhance vulnerability to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mak Adam Daulatzai
- Sleep Disorders Group, EEE Department, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Building 193, 3rd Floor, Room no. 3/344, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia,
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Wegman J, Fonteijn HM, van Ekert J, Tyborowska A, Jansen C, Janzen G. Gray and white matter correlates of navigational ability in humans. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:2561-72. [PMID: 24038667 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans differ widely in their navigational abilities. Studies have shown that self-reports on navigational abilities are good predictors of performance on navigation tasks in real and virtual environments. The caudate nucleus and medial temporal lobe regions have been suggested to subserve different navigational strategies. The ability to use different strategies might underlie navigational ability differences. This study examines the anatomical correlates of self-reported navigational ability in both gray and white matter. Local gray matter volume was compared between a group (N = 134) of good and bad navigators using voxel-based morphometry (VBM), as well as regional volumes. To compare between good and bad navigators, we also measured white matter anatomy using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and looked at fractional anisotropy (FA) values. We observed a trend toward higher local GM volume in right anterior parahippocampal/rhinal cortex for good versus bad navigators. Good male navigators showed significantly higher local GM volume in right hippocampus than bad male navigators. Conversely, bad navigators showed increased FA values in the internal capsule, the white matter bundle closest to the caudate nucleus and a trend toward higher local GM volume in the caudate nucleus. Furthermore, caudate nucleus regional volume correlated negatively with navigational ability. These convergent findings across imaging modalities are in line with findings showing that the caudate nucleus and the medial temporal lobes are involved in different wayfinding strategies. Our study is the first to show a link between self-reported large-scale navigational abilities and different measures of brain anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Wegman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Postbus, 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Qiu A, Rifkin-Graboi A, Chen H, Chong YS, Kwek K, Gluckman PD, Fortier MV, Meaney MJ. Maternal anxiety and infants' hippocampal development: timing matters. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e306. [PMID: 24064710 PMCID: PMC3784768 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal anxiety predicts offspring brain development. However, because children's brains are commonly assessed years after birth, the timing of such maternal influences in humans is unclear. This study aimed to examine the consequences of antenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal anxiety upon early infant development of the hippocampus, a key structure for stress regulation. A total of 175 neonates underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at birth and among them 35 had repeated scans at 6 months of age. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at week 26 of pregnancy and 3 months after delivery. Regression analyses showed that antenatal maternal anxiety did not influence bilateral hippocampal volume at birth. However, children of mothers reporting increased anxiety during pregnancy showed slower growth of both the left and right hippocampus over the first 6 months of life. This effect of antenatal maternal anxiety upon right hippocampal growth became statistically stronger when controlling for postnatal maternal anxiety. Furthermore, a strong positive association between postnatal maternal anxiety and right hippocampal growth was detected, whereas a strong negative association between postnatal maternal anxiety and the left hippocampal volume at 6 months of life was found. Hence, the postnatal growth of bilateral hippocampi shows distinct responses to postnatal maternal anxiety. The size of the left hippocampus during early development is likely to reflect the influence of the exposure to perinatal maternal anxiety, whereas right hippocampal growth is constrained by antenatal maternal anxiety, but enhanced in response to increased postnatal maternal anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA #03-12, Singapore 117576, Singapore. E-mail:
| | - A Rifkin-Graboi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - H Chen
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore
| | - Y-S Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - K Kwek
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - P D Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), Singapore
| | - M J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Daulatzai MA. Neurotoxic Saboteurs: Straws that Break the Hippo’s (Hippocampus) Back Drive Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:407-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Modi S, Trivedi R, Singh K, Kumar P, Rathore RK, Tripathi RP, Khushu S. Individual differences in trait anxiety are associated with white matter tract integrity in fornix and uncinate fasciculus: Preliminary evidence from a DTI based tractography study. Behav Brain Res 2013; 238:188-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stockmeier CA, Rajkowska G. Cellular abnormalities in depression: evidence from postmortem brain tissue. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012. [PMID: 22033633 PMCID: PMC3181793 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2004.6.2/cstockmeier] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, in vivo neuroimaging studies have permitted significant insights into the general location of dysfunctional brain regions in depression. In parallel and often intersecting ways, neuroanatomical, pharmacological, and biochemical studies of postmortem brain tissue are permitting new insights into the pathophysiology of depression. In addition to long-recognized neurochemical abnormalities in depression, novel studies at the microscopic level support the contention that mood disorders are associated with abnormalities in cell morphology and distribution. In the past 6 years, cell-counting studies have identified changes in the density and size of both neurons and glia in a number of frontolimbic brain regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala and hippocampus. Convergence of cellular changes at the microscopic level with neuroimaging changes detected in vivo provides a compelling integration of clinical and basic research for disentangling the pathophysiology of depression. The ultimate integration of these two research approaches will occur with premortem longitudinal clinical studies on well-characterized patients linked to postmortem studies of the same subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Stockmeier
- The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jackson, Miss, USA
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McEwen BS. Structural plasticity of the adult brain: how animal models help us understand brain changes in depression and systemic disorders related to depression. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2012. [PMID: 22034132 PMCID: PMC3181799 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2004.6.2/bmcewen] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The brain interprets experiences and translates them into behavioral and physiological responses. Stressful events are those which are threatening or, at the very least, unexpected and surprising, and the physiological and behavioral responses are intended to promote adaptation via a process called “allostasis. ” Chemical mediators of allostasis include cortisol and adrenalin from the adrenal glands, other hormones, and neurotransmitters, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and cytokines and chemokines from the immune system. Two brain structures, the amygdala and hippocampus, play key roles in interpreting what is stressful and determining appropriate responses. The hippocampus, a key structure for memories of events and contexts, expresses receptors that enable it to respond to glucocorticoid hormones in the blood, it undergoes atrophy in a number of psychiatric disorders; it also responds to stressors with changes in excitability, decreased dendritic branching, and reduction in number of neurons in the dentate gyrus. The amygdala, which is important for “emotional memories, ” becomes hyperactive in posttraumatic stress disorder and depressive illness, in animal models of stress, there is evidence for growth and hypertrophy of nerve cells in the amygdala. Changes in the brain after acute and chronic stressors mirror the pattern seen in the metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems, that is, short-term adaptation (allostasis) followed by long-term damage (allostatic load), eg, atherosclerosis, fat deposition obesity, bone demineralization, and impaired immune function. Allostatic load of this kind is seen in major depressive illness and may also be expressed in other chronic anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Baur V, Hänggi J, Jäncke L. Volumetric associations between uncinate fasciculus, amygdala, and trait anxiety. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:4. [PMID: 22217209 PMCID: PMC3398321 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations of white matter (WM) connectivity suggest an important role of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), connecting anterior temporal areas including the amygdala with prefrontal-/orbitofrontal cortices, for anxiety-related processes. Volume of the UF, however, has rarely been investigated, but may be an important measure of structural connectivity underlying limbic neuronal circuits associated with anxiety. Since UF volumetric measures are newly applied measures, it is necessary to cross-validate them using further neural and behavioral indicators of anxiety. Results In a group of 32 subjects not reporting any history of psychiatric disorders, we identified a negative correlation between left UF volume and trait anxiety, a finding that is in line with previous results. On the other hand, volume of the left amygdala, which is strongly connected with the UF, was positively correlated with trait anxiety. In addition, volumes of the left UF and left amygdala were inversely associated. Conclusions The present study emphasizes the role of the left UF as candidate WM fiber bundle associated with anxiety-related processes and suggests that fiber bundle volume is a WM measure of particular interest. Moreover, these results substantiate the structural relatedness of UF and amygdala by a non-invasive imaging method. The UF-amygdala complex may be pivotal for the control of trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Baur
- Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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Parr LA, Boudreau M, Hecht E, Winslow JT, Nemeroff CB, Sánchez MM. Early life stress affects cerebral glucose metabolism in adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Dev Cogn Neurosci 2012; 2:181-93. [PMID: 22682736 PMCID: PMC3372874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) is a risk factor for anxiety, mood disorders and alterations in stress responses. Less is known about the long-term neurobiological impact of ELS. We used [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) to assess neural responses to a moderate stress test in adult monkeys that experienced ELS as infants. Both groups of monkeys showed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress-induced activations and cardiac arousal in response to the stressor. A whole brain analysis detected significantly greater regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) in superior temporal sulcus, putamen, thalamus, and inferotemporal cortex of ELS animals compared to controls. Region of interest (ROI) analyses performed in areas identified as vulnerable to ELS showed greater activity in the orbitofrontal cortex of ELS compared to control monkeys, but greater hippocampal activity in the control compared to ELS monkeys. Together, these results suggest hyperactivity in emotional and sensory processing regions of adult monkeys with ELS, and greater activity in stress-regulatory areas in the controls. Despite these neural responses, no group differences were detected in neuroendocrine, autonomic or behavioral responses, except for a trend towards increased stillness in the ELS monkeys. Together, these data suggest hypervigilance in the ELS monkeys in the absence of immediate danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Parr
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
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Sawyer K, Corsentino E, Sachs-Ericsson N, Steffens DC. Depression, hippocampal volume changes, and cognitive decline in a clinical sample of older depressed outpatients and non-depressed controls. Aging Ment Health 2012; 16:753-62. [PMID: 22548411 PMCID: PMC3430833 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.678478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop and test a model of depression, hippocampal changes, and cognitive decline. METHOD Participants were 248 community-dwelling, depressed patients and 147 healthy, non-depressed individuals 60 years and older. Participants received a structured interview assessing current depressive symptoms and past depressive episodes, completed cognitive testing with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and underwent structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain. For up to 10 years, assessment of depressive symptoms and MMSE administration was repeated at least annually, and MRI was repeated every two years. RESULTS Regression analyses demonstrated that depression diagnosis at baseline predicted decrease in right (but not left) hippocampal volume over a four-year period. Analyses using structural equation modeling demonstrated that a decrease in left and right hippocampal volumes predicted decrease in MMSE score over four years. CONCLUSION Results provide some evidence for relationships between depression and decrease in right hippocampal volume, and between hippocampal volume and MMSE score. This would be consistent with depression as a causal factor in subsequent cognitive decline. Plausible biological mechanisms include a glucocorticoid cascade or a facilitating effect of depression on amyloid-beta plaque formation. Future studies should examine the relationship between hippocampal volume and specialized memory measures, as well as between depression diagnosis and volume of other brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David C. Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
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