1
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Chen S, Pei CX, Xu S, Li H, Liu YS, Wang Y, Jin C, Dean N, Gao XD. Rft1 catalyzes lipid-linked oligosaccharide translocation across the ER membrane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5157. [PMID: 38886340 PMCID: PMC11182771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic asparagine (N)-linked glycan is pre-assembled as a fourteen-sugar oligosaccharide on a lipid carrier in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Seven sugars are first added to dolichol pyrophosphate (PP-Dol) on the cytoplasmic face of the ER, generating Man5GlcNAc2-PP-Dol (M5GN2-PP-Dol). M5GN2-PP-Dol is then flipped across the bilayer into the lumen by an ER translocator. Genetic studies identified Rft1 as the M5GN2-PP-Dol flippase in vivo but are at odds with biochemical data suggesting Rft1 is dispensable for flipping in vitro. Thus, the question of whether Rft1 plays a direct or an indirect role during M5GN2-PP-Dol translocation has been controversial for over two decades. We describe a completely reconstituted in vitro assay for M5GN2-PP-Dol translocation and demonstrate that purified Rft1 catalyzes the translocation of M5GN2-PP-Dol across the lipid bilayer. These data, combined with in vitro results demonstrating substrate selectivity and rft1∆ phenotypes, confirm the molecular identity of Rft1 as the M5GN2-PP-Dol ER flippase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Xia Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Shi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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2
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the ALG1-CDG biomarker and evaluation of its immunogenicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127614. [PMID: 33080352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a growing group diseases that result from defects in genes involved in glycan biosynthesis pathways. One tetrasaccharide, i.e., Neu5Ac-α2, 6-Gal-β1, 4-GlcNAc-β1, 4-GlcNAc, was recently reported as the biomarker of ALG1-CDG, the disease caused by ALG1 deficiency. To develop a novel diagnostic method for ALG1-CDG, chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the tetrasaccharide biomarker linked to phytanyl phosphate and the biomarker's immune stimulation were investigated in this study. The immunization study using liposomes bearing phytanyl-linked tetrasaccharide revealed that they stimulated a moderate immune response. The induced antibody showed strong binding specificity for the ALG1-CDG biomarker, indicating its potential in medical applications.
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3
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Chao Q, Ding Y, Chen ZH, Xiang MH, Wang N, Gao XD. Recent Progress in Chemo-Enzymatic Methods for the Synthesis of N-Glycans. Front Chem 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32612979 PMCID: PMC7309569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is one of the most common co- and post-translational modifications of both intra- and extracellularly distributing proteins, which directly affects their biological functions, such as protein folding, stability and intercellular traffic. Production of the structural well-defined homogeneous N-glycans contributes to comprehensive investigation of their biological roles and molecular basis. Among the various methods, chemo-enzymatic approach serves as an alternative to chemical synthesis, providing high stereoselectivity and economic efficiency. This review summarizes some recent advances in the chemo-enzymatic methods for the production of N-glycans, including the preparation of substrates and sugar donors, and the progress in the glycosyltransferases characterization which leads to the diversity of N-glycan synthesis. We discuss the bottle-neck and new opportunities in exploiting the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of N-glycans based on our research experiences. In addition, downstream applications of the constructed N-glycans, such as automation devices and homogeneous glycoproteins synthesis are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Mócsai R, Blaukopf M, Svehla E, Kosma P, Altmann F. The N-glycans of Chlorella sorokiniana and a related strain contain arabinose but have strikingly different structures. Glycobiology 2020; 30:663-676. [PMID: 32039451 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The many emerging applications of microalgae such as Chlorella also instigate interest in their ability to conduct protein modifications such as N-glycosylation. Chlorella vulgaris has recently been shown to equip its proteins with highly O-methylated oligomannosidic N-glycans. Two other frequently occurring species names are Chlorella sorokiniana and Chlorella pyrenoidosa-even though the latter is taxonomically ill defined. We analyzed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy the N-glycans of type culture collection strains of C. sorokiniana and of a commercial product labeled C. pyrenoidosa. Both samples contained arabinose, which has hitherto not been found in N-glycans. Apart from this only commonality, the structures differed fundamentally from each other and from that of N-glycans of land plants. Despite these differences, the two algae lines exhibited considerable homology in their ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences. These drastic differences of N-glycan structures between species belonging to the very same genus provoke questions as to the biological function on a unicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Mócsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Svehla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Li ST, Lu TT, Xu XX, Ding Y, Li Z, Kitajima T, Dean N, Wang N, Gao XD. Reconstitution of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide pathway for assembly of high-mannose N-glycans. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1813. [PMID: 31000718 PMCID: PMC6472349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The asparagine (N)-linked Man9GlcNAc2 is required for glycoprotein folding and secretion. Understanding how its structure contributes to these functions has been stymied by our inability to produce this glycan as a homogenous structure of sufficient quantities for study. Here, we report the high yield chemoenzymatic synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2 and its biosynthetic intermediates by reconstituting the eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyltransferases (MTases) are expressed in E. coli and used for mannosylation of the dolichol mimic, phytanyl pyrophosphate GlcNAc2. These recombinant MTases recognize unique substrates and when combined, synthesize end products that precisely mimic those in vivo, demonstrating that ordered assembly of LLO is due to the strict enzyme substrate specificity. Indeed, non-physiological glycans are produced only when the luminal MTases are challenged with cytosolic substrates. Reconstitution of the LLO pathway to synthesize Man9GlcNAc2 in vitro provides an important tool for functional studies of the N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis pathway. Attachment of the oligosaccharide Man9GlcNAc2 is required for glycoprotein folding and secretion but synthesizing this compound for structural and functional studies has remained challenging. Here, the authors achieve efficient Man9GlcNAc2 synthesis by reconstituting its biosynthetic pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian-Tian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Toshihiko Kitajima
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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6
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Bosco M, Massarweh A, Iatmanen-Harbi S, Bouhss A, Chantret I, Busca P, Moore SEH, Gravier-Pelletier C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of chemical tools for the study of Dolichol Linked Oligosaccharide Diphosphatase (DLODP). Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:952-964. [PMID: 27769035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Citronellyl- and solanesyl-based dolichol linked oligosaccharide (DLO) analogs were synthesized and tested along with undecaprenyl compounds for their ability to inhibit the release of [3H]OSP from [3H]DLO by mammalian liver DLO diphosphatase activity. Solanesyl (C45) and undecaprenyl (C55) compounds were 50-500 fold more potent than their citronellyl (C10)-based counterparts, indicating that the alkyl chain length is important for activity. The relative potency of the compounds within the citronellyl series was different to that of the solanesyl series with citronellyl diphosphate being 2 and 3 fold more potent than citronellyl-PP-GlcNAc2 and citronellyl-PP-GlcNAc, respectively; whereas solanesyl-PP-GlcNAc and solanesyl-PP-GlcNAc2 were 4 and 8 fold more potent, respectively, than solanesyl diphosphate. Undecaprenyl-PP-GlcNAc and bacterial Lipid II were 8 fold more potent than undecaprenyl diphosphate at inhibiting the DLODP assay. Therefore, at least for the more hydrophobic compounds, diphosphodiesters are more potent inhibitors of the DLODP assay than diphosphomonoesters. These results suggest that DLO rather than dolichyl diphosphate might be a preferred substrate for the DLODP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Bosco
- Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ahmad Massarweh
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U1149, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Soria Iatmanen-Harbi
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U1149, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Bouhss
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabelle Chantret
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U1149, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Busca
- Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Stuart E H Moore
- Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U1149, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Christine Gravier-Pelletier
- Université Paris Descartes, CICB-Paris, CNRS UMR 8601, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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7
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Li ST, Wang N, Xu S, Yin J, Nakanishi H, Dean N, Gao XD. Quantitative study of yeast Alg1 beta-1, 4 mannosyltransferase activity, a key enzyme involved in protein N-glycosylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:2934-2941. [PMID: 27670784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation begins with a stepwise synthesis of the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (DLO) precursor, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-Dol, which is catalyzed by a series of endoplasmic reticulum membrane-associated glycosyltransferases. Yeast ALG1 (asparagine-linked glycosylation 1) encodes a β-1, 4 mannosyltransferase that adds the first mannose onto GlcNAc2-PP-Dol to produce a core trisaccharide Man1GlcNAc2-PP-Dol. ALG1 is essential for yeast viability, and in humans mutations in the ALG1 cause congenital disorders of glycosylation known as ALG1-CDG. Alg1 is difficult to purify because of its low expression level and as a consequence, has not been well studied biochemically. Here we report a new method to purify recombinant Alg1 in high yield, and a mass spectral approach for accurately measuring its β-1, 4 mannosyltransferase activity. METHODS N-terminally truncated yeast His-tagged Alg1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by HisTrap HP affinity chromatography. In combination with LC-MS technology, we established a novel assay to accurately measure Alg1 enzyme activity. In this assay, a chemically synthesized dolichol-linked oligosaccharide analogue, phytanyl-pyrophosphoryl-α-N, N'-diacetylchitobioside (PPGn2), was used as the acceptor for the β-1, 4 mannosyl transfer reaction. RESULTS Using purified Alg1, its biochemical characteristics were investigated, including the apparent Km and Vmax values for acceptor, optimal conditions of activity, and the specificity of its nucleotide sugar donor. Furthermore, the effect of ALG1-CDG mutations on enzyme activity was also measured. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This work provides an efficient method for production of Alg1 and a new MS-based quantitative assay of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States.
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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9
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Weerapana E, Imperiali B. Asparagine-linked protein glycosylation: from eukaryotic to prokaryotic systems. Glycobiology 2006; 16:91R-101R. [PMID: 16510493 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked protein glycosylation is a prevalent protein modification reaction in eukaryotic systems. This process involves the co-translational transfer of a pre-assembled tetradecasaccharide from a dolichyl-pyrophosphate donor to the asparagine side chain of nascent proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Recently, the first such system of N-linked glycosylation was discovered in the Gram-negative bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni. Glycosylation in this organism involves the transfer of a heptasaccharide from an undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate donor to the asparagine side chain of proteins at the bacterial periplasmic membrane. Here we provide a detailed comparison of the machinery involved in the N-linked glycosylation systems of eukaryotic organisms, exemplified by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with that of the bacterial system in C. jejuni. The two systems display significant similarities and the relative simplicity of the bacterial glycosylation process could provide a model system that can be used to decipher the complex eukaryotic glycosylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Sasaki A, Ishimizu T, Geyer R, Hase S. Synthesis of β-mannosides using the transglycosylation activity of endo-β-mannosidase from Lilium longiflorum. FEBS J 2005; 272:1660-8. [PMID: 15794753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endo-beta-mannosidase is an endoglycosidase that hydrolyzes only the Man beta 1-4GlcNAc linkage of the core region of N-linked sugar chains. Recently, endo-beta-mannosidase was purified to homogeneity from Lilium longiflorum (Lily) flowers, its corresponding gene was cloned and important catalytic amino acid residues were identified [Ishimizu T., Sasaki A., Okutani S., Maeda M., Yamagishi M. & Hase S. (2004) J. Biol. Chem.279, 38555-38562]. In the presence of Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-peptides as a donor substrate and p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminide as an acceptor substrate, the enzyme transferred mannose to the acceptor substrate by a beta1-4-linkage regio-specifically and stereo-specifically to give Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-pNP as a transfer product. Further studies indicated that not only p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminide but also p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-mannoside worked as acceptor substrates, however, p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetylgalactosaminide did not work, indicating that the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the C4 position of an acceptor is important. Besides mannose, oligomannoses were also transferred. In the presence of (Man)(n)Man alpha 1-6Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-peptides (n = 0-2) and pyridylamino GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc, the enzyme transferred (Man)(n)Man alpha 1-6Man en bloc to the acceptor substrate to produce pyridylamino (Man)(n)Man alpha 1-6Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc (n =0-2). Thus, the lily endo-beta-mannosidase is useful for the enzymatic preparation of oligosaccharides containing the mannosyl beta 1,4-structure, chemical preparations of which have been frequently reported to be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Ivannikova T, Bintein F, Malleron A, Juliant S, Cerutti M, Harduin-Lepers A, Delannoy P, Augé C, Lubineau A. Recombinant (2-->3)-alpha-sialyltransferase immobilized on nickel-agarose for preparative synthesis of sialyl Lewis(x) and Lewis(a) precursor oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2003; 338:1153-61. [PMID: 12747857 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The specificity of recombinant (2-->3)-alpha-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal-III), expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells, has been determined with various oligosaccharide acceptors and sugar-nucleotide donors using a fluorescence based assay. Recombinant ST3Gal-III tagged with a polyhistidine tail was immobilized on Ni(2+)-NTA-Agarose as an active enzyme for use in the synthesis of three sialylated oligosaccharides: (i) the divalent molecule [alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-O-CH(2)](2)-C-(CH(2)OBn)(2) (12); (ii) the dansylated derivative, alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-D-Galp-(1-->3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-O-(CH(2))(6)-NH-dansyl and; (iii) the tetrasacharide alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->2)-alpha-D-Manp-O-CH(3). Compound 12 was itself prepared from the divalent N-acetyllactosamine molecule built on pentaerythritol by a chemo-enzymatic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ivannikova
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Multifonctionnelle, UMR 8614, Université de Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay, France
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12
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Sprung I, Carmès L, Watt GM, Flitsch SL. Synthesis of novel acceptor substrates for the dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase from yeast. Chembiochem 2003; 4:319-32. [PMID: 12672111 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200390052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dolichols are polyisoprenoid lipid components of mammalian membranes consisting of an average of 20 head-to-tail linked isoprene units of which the first isoprene is fully saturated. The unusual size of these lipids is intriguing and poses questions about the role of dolichol structure in biological processes. In order to probe structure and function we have synthesised potential dolichyl analogues that retain only the first two isoprene units and carry a second functional group within the terminal lipid chain. Such analogues were evaluated as substrates for a key enzyme in the dolichyl-dependent pathway of glycan biosynthesis, dolichyl phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) synthase. It was shown that some functional groups, including labels such as biotin, could be tolerated. When the synthetic analogues were attached to a solid support they were still substrates for the Dol-P-Man system and thus allowed the enzymatic solid-phase synthesis of glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sprung
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Protein Technology, The University of Edinburgh King's Buildings, West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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13
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Sprung I, Ziegler A, Flitsch SL. Enzymatic synthesis of beta-mannosyl phosphates on solid support. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2676-7. [PMID: 12510294 DOI: 10.1039/b206451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic bifunctional analogues 4a, b and 14 of dolichol phosphate 1 were attached to solid support and were shown to be substrates for Dol-P-Man synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sprung
- School of Chemistry, Edinburgh Protein Interaction Centre, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JJ
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14
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Nashiru O, Zechel DL, Stoll D, Mohammadzadeh T, Warren RAJ, Withers SG. β-Mannosynthase: Synthesis ofβ-Mannosides with a Mutantβ-Mannosidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:417-420. [PMID: 29712412 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010119)40:2<417::aid-anie417>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oyekanmi Nashiru
- Department of Microbiology University of British Columbia (Canada)
| | - David L Zechel
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
| | - Dominik Stoll
- Department of Microbiology University of British Columbia (Canada)
| | - Taraneh Mohammadzadeh
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
| | | | - Stephen G Withers
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 604-822-2847
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15
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Nashiru O, Zechel DL, Stoll D, Mohammadzadeh T, Warren RAJ, Withers SG. β-Mannosynthase: Synthesis ofβ-Mannosides with a Mutantβ-Mannosidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010119)113:2<431::aid-ange431>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Shibatani S, Fujiyama K, Nishiguchi S, Seki T, Maekawa Y. Production and Characterization of Active Soluble Human .BETA.1,4-Galactosyltransferase in Escherichia coli as a Useful Catalyst in Synthesis of the Gal .BETA.1.RAR.4 GlcNAc Linkage. J Biosci Bioeng 2001; 91:85-7. [PMID: 16232952 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.91.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2000] [Accepted: 10/04/2000] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An active and soluble human beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta-GT) was produced in Escherichia coli using a maltose-binding protein fusion system. The purified recombinant beta-GT has a K(m) value of 0.035 mM for UDP-galactose and a V(max) of 643 x 10(3) nmol/mg/h. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to N-linked oligosaccharides. The properties of the purified enzyme were identical to those of bovine milk beta-GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shibatani
- Medical Research Laboratory, Toyobo Co. Ltd., 2-1-1 Katata, Ohtsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan
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17
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Fujiyama K, Ido Y, Misaki R, Moran DG, Yanagihara I, Honda T, Nishimura SI, Yoshida T, Seki T. Human N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. Expression in Escherichia coli as a soluble enzyme, and application as an immobilized enzyme for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Shibatani S, Fujiyama K, Nishiguchi S, Seki T, Maekawa Y. Production and characterization of active soluble human β1,4-galactosyltransferase in Escherichia coli as a useful catalyst in synthesis of the Gal β1→4 GlcNAc linkage. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Koeller KM, Wong CH. Synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates: enzyme-based and programmable one-pot strategies. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4465-94. [PMID: 11749355 DOI: 10.1021/cr990297n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Koeller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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20
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Lellouch AC, Watt GM, Geremia RA, Flitsch SL. Phytanyl-pyrophosphate-linked substrate for a bacterial alpha-mannosyltransferase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:290-2. [PMID: 10872841 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical characterization of bacterial glycosyltransferases involved in the assembly of cell-wall-associated polysaccharides is often hindered by the lack of the appropriate undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked acceptor substrate. In order to find a suitable synthetic substrate for the alpha1,3-mannosyltransferase AceA from Acetobacter xylinum, phytanyl-pyrophosphate-linked cellobiose was prepared. In the presence of GDP-[14C]mannose and recombinant AceA, the phytanyl-pyrophosphate-linked cellobiose afforded a 14C-labeled trisaccharide that was sensitive to alpha-mannosidase degradation in a fashion analogous to the natural undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked cellobiose substrate. These results suggest that phytanyl-pyrophosphate-linked oligosaccharides may be useful substrates for other important bacterial glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lellouch
- CNRS Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolecules Vegetales, associe avec l'Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
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21
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The preparation of deoxy derivatives of mannose-1-phosphate and their substrate specificity towards recombinant GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase from Salmonella enterica, group B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(99)00556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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23
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Zhao Y, Thorson JS. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of the Salmonella group E1 core trisaccharide using a recombinant beta-(1-->4)-mannosyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 1999; 319:184-91. [PMID: 10520265 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of the bacterial O-antigen from Salmonella serogroup E1, 3-O-(4-O-beta-D-mannopyranosyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactos e, presents a particular challenge because it contains a beta-(1-->4) mannosidic linkage to L-rhamnose. We report a chemoenzymatic synthesis of this crucial antigenic material which culminates in the enzymatic formation of the critical beta-mannosyl connection catalyzed by Salmonella GDP-alpha-D-Man:alpha Rha1-->3 alpha Gal-PP-Und beta-(1-->4)-mannosyltransferase (ManT beta 4). In comparison with previous synthetic routes, this method is advantageous since it utilizes intermediates, available in significant yield, which can be readily derivatized from the reducing end to present flexibility for analog construction, while the enzymatic construction of the Man1-->4Rha glycosidic bond is both rapid and occurs in high yield. Furthermore, the reported spectroscopic and enzymatic structural characterization of the trisaccharide product furnishes the first indisputable functional link between wbaO and ManT beta 4 and clearly sets the stage for the future mechanistic study and exploitation of this fascinating glycocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhao
- Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
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24
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Revers L, Bill RM, Wilson IB, Watt GM, Flitsch SL. Development of recombinant, immobilised beta-1,4-mannosyltransferase for use as an efficient tool in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1428:88-98. [PMID: 10366763 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(99)00048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of the conserved core structure of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides found in eukaryotic glycoproteins is an important step towards the synthesis of homogeneous neoglycoproteins. So far, however, the convenient generation of the Manbeta4GlcNAcbeta4GlcNAc (Gn2M) core trisaccharide has proved to be a major obstacle because of the inherent difficulties associated with the synthesis of beta-mannosides. Here we report the overproduction in Escherichia coli of full-length and transmembrane-deleted yeast beta-1, 4-mannosyltransferases as novel N-terminal fusions bearing a decahistidinyl sequence and the minimal human Myc epitope. The recombinant enzymes were highly active and were amenable to immobilisation by nickel(II) chelation and to immunodetection with an anti-Myc monoclonal antibody. The immobilised, transmembrane-deleted enzyme exhibited an apparent Km of 14 microM for the synthetic acceptor substrate analogue, phytanyl-pyrophosphoryl-alpha-N,N'-diacetylchitobioside (PPGn2), under saturating donor conditions. This figure is comparable to those previously reported for native and recombinant yeast beta-1, 4-mannosyltransferases with, respectively, the natural dolichyl-linked acceptor and PPGn2. The validity of the reaction product was confirmed by chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Revers
- The Edinburgh Centre for Protein Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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25
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Lellouch AC, Geremia RA. Expression and study of recombinant ExoM, a beta1-4 glucosyltransferase involved in succinoglycan biosynthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:1141-8. [PMID: 9973339 PMCID: PMC93490 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.4.1141-1148.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report on the overexpression and in vitro characterization of a recombinant form of ExoM, a putative beta1-4 glucosyltransferase involved in the assembly of the octasaccharide repeating subunit of succinoglycan from Sinorhizobium meliloti. The open reading frame exoM was isolated by PCR and subcloned into the expression vector pET29b, allowing inducible expression under the control of the T7 promoter. Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)/pLysS containing exoM expressed a novel 38-kDa protein corresponding to ExoM in N-terminal fusion with the S-tag peptide. Cell fractionation studies showed that the protein is expressed in E. coli as a membrane-bound protein in agreement with the presence of a predicted C-terminal transmembrane region. E. coli membrane preparations containing ExoM were shown to be capable of transferring glucose from UDP-glucose to glycolipid extracts from an S. meliloti mutant strain which accumulates the ExoM substrate (Glcbeta1-4Glcbeta1-3Gal-pyrophosphate-polyprenol). Thin-layer chromatography of the glycosidic portion of the ExoM product showed that the oligosaccharide formed comigrates with an authentic standard. The oligosaccharide produced by the recombinant ExoM, but not the starting substrate, was sensitive to cleavage with a specific cellobiohydrolase, consistent with the formation of a beta1-4 glucosidic linkage. No evidence for the transfer of multiple glucose residues to the glycolipid substrate was observed. It was also found that ExoM does not transfer glucose to an acceptor substrate that has been hydrolyzed from the polyprenol anchor. Furthermore, neither glucose, cellobiose, nor the trisaccharide Glcbeta1-4Glcbeta1-3Glc inhibited the transferase activity, suggesting that some feature of the lipid anchor is necessary for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lellouch
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales, CNRS, and Joseph Fourier University, F38041 Grenoble, France.
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26
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Malissard M, Zeng S, Berger EG. The yeast expression system for recombinant glycosyltransferases. Glycoconj J 1999; 16:125-39. [PMID: 10612412 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007055525789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are increasingly being used for in vitro synthesis of oligosaccharides. Since these enzymes are difficult to purify from natural sources, expression systems for soluble forms of the recombinant enzymes have been developed. This review focuses on the current state of development of yeast expression systems. Two yeast species have mainly been used, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. Safety and ease of fermentation are well recognized for S. cerevisiae as a biotechnological expression system; however, even soluble forms of recombinant glycosyltransferases are not secreted. In some cases, hyperglycosylation may occur. P. pastoris, by contrast, secrete soluble orthoglycosylated forms to the supernatant where they can be recovered in a highly purified form. The review also covers some basic features of yeast fermentation and describes in some detail those glycosyltransferases that have successfully been expressed in yeasts. These include beta1,4galactosyltransferase, alpha2,6sialyltransferase, alpha2,3sialyltransferase, alpha1,3fucosyltransferase III and VI and alpha1,2mannosyltransferase. Current efforts in introducing glycosylation systems of higher eukaryotes into yeasts are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malissard
- Institute of Physiology, University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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