1
|
Ochiai H, Elouali S, Yamamoto T, Asai H, Noguchi M, Nishiuchi Y. Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Peptide and Protein Therapeutics Conjugated with Human N-Glycans. ChemMedChem 2024:e202300692. [PMID: 38572578 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous post-translational modifications. It affects the structure and function of peptides/proteins and consequently has a significant impact on various biological events. However, the structural complexity and heterogeneity of glycopeptides/proteins caused by the diversity of glycan structures and glycosylation sites complicates the detailed elucidation of glycan function and hampers their clinical applications. To address these challenges, chemical and/or enzyme-assisted synthesis methods have been developed to realize glycopeptides/proteins with well-defined glycan morphologies. In particular, N-glycans are expected to be useful for improving the solubility, in vivo half-life and aggregation of bioactive peptides/proteins that have had limited clinical applications so far due to their short duration of action in the blood and unsuitable physicochemical properties. Chemical glycosylation performed in a post-synthetic procedure can be used to facilitate the development of glycopeptide/protein analogues or mimetics that are superior to the original molecules in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. N-glycans are used to modify targets because they are highly biodegradable and biocompatible and have structures that already exist in the human body. On the practical side, from a quality control perspective, close attention should be paid to their structural homogeneity when they are to be applied to pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ochiai
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Sofia Elouali
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asai
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Masato Noguchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- GlyTech, Inc., 134 Chudoji Minamimachi KRP #1-2F, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto, 600-8813, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haneda K, Oishi T, Kimura H, Inazu T. Development of a microbioreactor for glycoconjugate synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2092-2098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
3
|
Fairbanks AJ. The ENGases: versatile biocatalysts for the production of homogeneous N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5128-5146. [PMID: 28681051 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) are an enzyme class (EC 3.2.1.96) produced by a range of organisms, ranging from bacteria, through fungi, to higher order species, including humans, comprising two-sub families of glycosidases which all cleave the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans. Synthetic applications of these enzymes, i.e. to catalyse the reverse of their natural hydrolytic mode of action, allow the attachment of N-glycans to a wide variety of substrates which contain an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue to act as an 'acceptor' handle. The use of N-glycan oxazolines, high energy intermediates on the hydrolytic pathway, as activated donors allows their high yielding attachment to almost any amino acid, peptide or protein that contains a GlcNAc residue as an acceptor. The synthetic effectiveness of these biocatalysts has been significantly increased by the production of mutant glycosynthases; enzymes which can still catalyse synthetic processes using oxazolines as donors, but which do not hydrolyse the reaction products. ENGase biocatalysts are now finding burgeoning application for the production of biologically active glycopeptides and glycoproteins, including therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for which the oligosaccharides have been remodelled to optimise effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Higashiyama T, Umekawa M, Nagao M, Katoh T, Ashida H, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glucagon containing N-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization. Carbohydr Res 2017; 455:92-96. [PMID: 29175660 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemo-enzymatic synthesis of an artificially N-glycosylated derivative of glucagon, a peptide hormone that regulates the blood sugar level, is described. We synthesized the glycosylated glucagon by chemical synthesis of an N-acetylglucosaminyl peptide and enzymatic transfer of an oligosaccharide using the transglycosylation activity of the glycosynthase-like mutant of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Endo-M) and sialo-oligosaccharide oxazoline as a donor substrate. The sialo-oligosaccharide-attached glucagon synthesized showed high resistance against protease degradation and stimulated the release of glucose from mouse hepatocytes when added to cells. The synthetic glucagon showed slightly higher activity than native glucagon and has potential as a therapeutic agent for treating diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Higashiyama
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Umekawa
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoich, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ashida
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoich, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tomabechi Y, Katoh T, Kunishima M, Inazu T, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a glycosylated peptide containing a complex N-glycan based on unprotected oligosaccharides by using DMT-MM and Endo-M. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:481-487. [PMID: 28523604 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a glycosylated peptide, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) was used for the synthesis of a N-acetylglucosaminyl peptide and a pseudoglycopeptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis without the requirement of protecting groups on the carbohydrate. We also performed transglycosylation of an N-glycan to the N-acetylglucosaminyl peptide using endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M) to synthesize a glycopeptide containing a complex N-glycan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tomabechi
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Munetaka Kunishima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Inazu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Slámová K, Bojarová P. Engineered N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes in glycoscience. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2070-2087. [PMID: 28347843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, enzymes modifying N-acetylhexosamine substrates have emerged in numerous theoretical studies as well as practical applications from biology, biomedicine, and biotechnology. Advanced enzyme engineering techniques converted them into potent synthetic instruments affording a variety of valuable glycosides. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review presents the diversity of engineered enzymes active with N-acetylhexosamine carbohydrates: from popular glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases to less known oxidases, epimerases, kinases, sulfotransferases, and acetylases. Though hydrolases in natura, engineered chitinases, β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases were successfully employed in the synthesis of defined natural and derivatized chitooligomers and in the remodeling of N-glycosylation patterns of therapeutic antibodies. The genes of various N-acetylhexosaminyltransferases were cloned into metabolically engineered microorganisms for producing human milk oligosaccharides, Lewis X structures, and human-like glycoproteins. Moreover, mutant N-acetylhexosamine-active glycosyltransferases were applied, e.g., in the construction of glycomimetics and complex glycostructures, industrial production of low-lactose milk, and metabolic labeling of glycans. In the synthesis of biotechnologically important compounds, several innovative glycoengineered systems are presented for an efficient bioproduction of GlcNAc, UDP-GlcNAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and of defined glycosaminoglycans. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The above examples demonstrate that engineering of N-acetylhexosamine-active enzymes was able to solve complex issues such as synthesis of tailored human-like glycoproteins or industrial-scale production of desired oligosaccharides. Due to the specific catalytic mechanism, mutagenesis of these catalysts was often realized through rational solutions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Specific N-acetylhexosamine glycosylation is crucial in biological, biomedical and biotechnological applications and a good understanding of its details opens new possibilities in this fast developing area of glycoscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Slámová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yamanoi T, Oda Y, Katsuraya K, Inazu T, Yamamoto K. Complete NMR assignment of a bisecting hybrid-type oligosaccharide transferred by Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Carbohydr Res 2016; 427:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
8
|
Priyanka P, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of a hybrid type N-glycan heptasaccharide oxazoline for Endo M catalysed glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2016; 426:40-5. [PMID: 27058295 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) are versatile biocatalysts that allow access to a wide variety of defined homogenous N-linked glycoconjugates in a convergent manner. A hybrid-type N-glycan was accessed by total synthesis, converted to an oxazoline, and used as a donor substrate with both wild type Endo M and an N175Q glycosynthase Endo M mutant allowing the convergent synthesis of a glycosylated amino acid bearing a hybrid N-glycan structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Priyanka P, Parsons TB, Miller A, Platt FM, Fairbanks AJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Phosphorylated Glycoprotein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5058-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Thomas B. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Antonia Miller
- Callaghan Innovation; School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Priyanka P, Parsons TB, Miller A, Platt FM, Fairbanks AJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Phosphorylated Glycoprotein. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Thomas B. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry; Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Antonia Miller
- Callaghan Innovation; School of Biological Sciences; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Frances M. Platt
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
| | - Antony J. Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McIntosh JD, Brimble MA, Brooks AES, Dunbar PR, Kowalczyk R, Tomabechi Y, Fairbanks AJ. Convergent chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides; targeting of putative vaccine candidates to antigen presenting cells. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4636-4642. [PMID: 28717478 PMCID: PMC5500846 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00952a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) catalysed glycosylation is a powerful convergent synthetic method allowing access to glycopeptides bearing full-length N-glycan structures. Mannose-terminated N-glycan oligosaccharides, produced by either total or semi-synthesis, were converted into oxazoline donor substrates. A peptide from the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) tegument protein pp65 that incorporates a well-characterised T cell epitope, containing N-acetylglucosamine at specific Asn residues, was accessed by solid phase peptide synthesis, and used as an acceptor substrate. High-yielding enzymatic glycosylation afforded glycopeptides bearing defined homogeneous high-mannose N-glycan structures. These high-mannose containing glycopeptides were tested for enhanced targeting to human antigen presenting cells (APCs), putatively mediated via the mannose receptor, and for processing by the APCs for presentation to human CD8+ T cells specific for a 9-mer epitope within the peptide. Binding assays showed increased binding of glycopeptides to APCs compared to the non-glycosylated control. Glycopeptides bearing high-mannose N-glycan structures at a single site outside the T cell epitope were processed and presented by the APCs to allow activation of a T cell clone. However, the addition of a second glycan within the T cell epitope resulted in ablation of T cell activation. We conclude that chemo-enzymatic synthesis of mannosylated glycopeptides enhances uptake by human APCs while preserving the immunogenicity of peptide epitopes within the glycopeptides, provided those epitopes are not themselves glycosylated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie D McIntosh
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Anna E S Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Renata Kowalczyk
- School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St , Auckland , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Yusuke Tomabechi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4800 , Christchurch , 8140 , New Zealand .
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019 , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A simplified procedure for gram-scale production of sialylglycopeptide (SGP) from egg yolks and subsequent semi-synthesis of Man3GlcNAc oxazoline. Carbohydr Res 2014; 396:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
13
|
Kowalczyk R, Brimble MA, Tomabechi Y, Fairbanks AJ, Fletcher M, Hay DL. Convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of a library of glycosylated analogues of pramlintide: structure-activity relationships for amylin receptor agonism. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8142-51. [PMID: 25030939 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pramlintide (Symlin®), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring pancreatic hormone amylin, is currently used with insulin in adjunctive therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein we report a systematic study into the effect that N-glycosylation of pramlintide has on activation of amylin receptors. A highly efficient convergent synthetic route, involving a combination of solid phase peptide synthesis and enzymatic glycosylation, delivered a library of N-glycosylated variants of pramlintide bearing either GlcNAc, the core N-glycan pentasaccharide [Man3(GlcNAc)2] or a complex biantennary glycan [(NeuAcGalGlcNAcMan)2Man(GlcNAc)2] at each of its six asparagine residues. The majority of glycosylated versions of pramlintide were potent receptor agonists, suggesting that N-glycosylation may be used as a tool to optimise the pharmacokinetic properties of pramlintide and so deliver improved therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kowalczyk
- The School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tomabechi Y, Squire MA, Fairbanks AJ. Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase catalysed glycosylation: tolerance of enzymes to structural variation of the glycosyl amino acid acceptor. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:942-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42104j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
15
|
Tomabechi Y, Krippner G, Rendle PM, Squire MA, Fairbanks AJ. Glycosylation of Pramlintide: Synthetic Glycopeptides that Display In Vitro and In Vivo Activities as Amylin Receptor Agonists. Chemistry 2013; 19:15084-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
The synthetic application of endohexosaminidase enzymes (e.g., Endo A, Endo M, Endo D) promises to allow ready access to a wide variety of defined homogeneous glycoproteins and glycopeptides. The use ofN-glycan oligosaccharides that are activated at the reducing terminus as oxazolines allows their high-yielding attachment to almost any amino acid, peptide, or protein that contains a GlcNAc residue as an acceptor. A wide variety of oxazoline donors are readily available, either by total synthesis or by isolation of the corresponding oligosaccharide from natural sources and then conversion to the oxazoline in water. The synthetic potential of the enzymes is particularly augmented by the production of mutant glycosynthases, the use of which allows the synthesis of a wide variety of glycopeptides and glycoproteins bearing defined homogeneousN-glycan structures.
Collapse
|
17
|
Recent advances in glycotechnology for glycoconjugate synthesis using microbial endoglycosidases. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:1733-43. [PMID: 23801123 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnology associated with synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins has recently advanced as glycotechnology. Studies toward glycotechonology include the artificial modification of sugar chains in glycoconjugates to improve their function because the physiological importance of sugar chains in living organisms is well recognized. Methods involving addition of oligosaccharides to peptides and proteins have attracted attention as efficient techniques in glycotechnology, especially those involving the transglycosylation activities of microbial endoglycosidases. The exploration of oligosaccharide oxazolines as donor substrates for the transglycosylation of endoglycosidases has significantly enhanced the efficiency of these processes. Moreover, discovery of novel endoglycosidase mutants with glycosynthase-like activity has made it possible to effectively synthesize large quantities of glycopeptides, as well as homogeneous glycoprotein. The use of mutant enzymes and oligosaccharide oxazolines has led to development of practical applications for the synthesis of bioactive glycopeptides and therapeutic glycoproteins as bio-medicines.
Collapse
|
18
|
Biological analysis of the microbial metabolism of hetero-oligosaccharides in application to glycotechnology. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1815-27. [PMID: 23047108 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the relationship between hetero-oligosaccharides and microorganisms. It is possible to prepare aminosugar nucleotides as donors for hetero-oligosaccharide synthesis with a combination of yeast fermentation and bacterial enzymes, and to use the product to test for a rare human blood group. We have isolated various glycosidases produced by microorganisms, mainly from soil, to elucidate the structure and function of hetero-oligosaccharides. Among them, a mold endoglycosidase was found to have specific transglycosylation activity in addition to hydrolysis activity, and we have used it to synthesize chemo-enzymatically various bioactive glycopeptides by the attachment of a hetero-oligosaccharide to a peptide. We found that lactic acid bacteria bound to a hetero-oligosaccharide on the intestinal tract cell surface in animals. We also analyzed the bifidobacterial hetero-oligosaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes involved in the degradation of mucin glycoprotein in the host intestinal tract and human milk oligosaccharides, and identified a specific saccharide that acted as a bifidobacteria growth factor.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fairbanks AJ. Endohexosaminidase catalysed glycosylation with oxazoline donors: The development of robust biocatalytic methods for synthesis of defined homogeneous glycoconjugates. CR CHIM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
20
|
Parsons TB, Patel MK, Boraston AB, Vocadlo DJ, Fairbanks AJ. Streptococcus pneumoniae endohexosaminidase D; feasibility of using N-glycan oxazoline donors for synthetic glycosylation of a GlcNAc-asparagine acceptor. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1861-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b926078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Heidecke CD, Parsons TB, Fairbanks AJ. Endohexosaminidase-catalysed glycosylation with oxazoline donors: effects of organic co-solvent and pH on reactions catalysed by Endo A and Endo M. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:2433-8. [PMID: 19889401 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic efficiency of endohexosaminidase-catalysed glycosylation reactions using N-glycan oxazolines as donors was investigated as two reaction parameters were varied. Both the addition of quantities of an organic co-solvent and modulation of reaction pH between 6.5 and 8.0 were found to have different effects on reactions catalysed by either Endo A (and two available mutants) or Endo M, indicating subtle differences between these two family GH85 enzymes. Fine tuning of reaction pH, or the addition of quantities of an organic co-solvent, resulted in beneficial increases in achievable synthetic efficiency by effecting a reduction in the rate of competitive hydrolytic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Heidecke
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Novel proteoglycan glycotechnology: chemoenzymatic synthesis of chondroitin sulfate-containing molecules and its application. Glycoconj J 2009; 27:189-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-009-9252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Ling Z, Suits MD, Bingham RJ, Bruce NC, Davies GJ, Fairbanks AJ, Moir JW, Taylor EJ. The X-ray Crystal Structure of an Arthrobacter protophormiae Endo-β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase Reveals a (β/α)8 Catalytic Domain, Two Ancillary Domains and Active Site Residues Key for Transglycosylation Activity. J Mol Biol 2009; 389:1-9. [PMID: 19327363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Ashida H, Kato T, Kawahara A, Tanaka Y, Umekawa M, Yamamoto K. Enzymes Involved in Generation and Degradation of the Free Oligosaccharides in the Cytosol of Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2009. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.56.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
25
|
Parsons TB, Moir JWB, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of a truncated bi-antennary complex-type N-glycan oxazoline; glycosylation catalysed by the endohexosaminidases Endo A and Endo M. Org Biomol Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b907273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Rising T, Heidecke C, Moir J, Ling Z, Fairbanks A. Endohexosaminidase-Catalysed Glycosylation with Oxazoline Donors: Fine Tuning of Catalytic Efficiency and Reversibility. Chemistry 2008; 14:6444-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Umekawa M, Huang W, Li B, Fujita K, Ashida H, Wang LX, Yamamoto K. Mutants of Mucor hiemalis Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase Show Enhanced Transglycosylation and Glycosynthase-like Activities. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:4469-79. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m707137200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
29
|
Fujita K, Yamamoto K. A remodeling system for the oligosaccharide chains on glycoproteins with microbial endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1631-5. [PMID: 17049165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endo-M, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, transferred the complex type oligosaccharide of sialoglycopeptide to partially deglycosylated proteins (N-acetylglucosamine-attached proteins), which were prepared by excluding high-mannose type oligosaccharides from glycoproteins with Endo-H, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces plicatus. This finding indicated that the high-mannose type oligosaccharides on glycoproteins can be changed to complex type ones by the transglycosylation activity of Endo-M. This is the first report of the establishment of a remodeling system for the different types of oligosaccharides on glycoproteins with microbial endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases having different substrate specificities. Endo-M is a powerful tool for the in vitro synthesis of glycoproteins containing complex type oligosaccharides from glycoproteins produced by yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fujita
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rising TWDF, Claridge TDW, Moir JWB, Fairbanks AJ. Endohexosaminidase M: exploring and exploiting enzyme substrate specificity. Chembiochem 2006; 7:1177-80. [PMID: 16800015 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W D F Rising
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update covering the period 1999-2000. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:595-662. [PMID: 16642463 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and continues coverage of the field from the previous review published in 1999 (D. J. Harvey, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, 1999, Mass Spectrom Rev, 18:349-451) for the period 1999-2000. As MALDI mass spectrometry is acquiring the status of a mature technique in this field, there has been a greater emphasis on applications rather than to method development as opposed to the previous review. The present review covers applications to plant-derived carbohydrates, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, mucins, glycosaminoglycans, bacterial glycolipids, glycosphingolipids, glycoglycerolipids and related compounds, and glycosides. Applications of MALDI mass spectrometry to the study of enzymes acting on carbohydrates (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) and to the synthesis of carbohydrates, are also covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rising TWDF, Claridge TDW, Davies N, Gamblin DP, Moir JWB, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of N-glycan oxazolines: donors for endohexosaminidase catalysed glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2006; 341:1574-96. [PMID: 16584712 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxazoline mono-, di-, tri- and hexasaccharides, corresponding to the core components of N-linked glycoprotein high mannose glycans, are synthesised as potential glycosyl donors for endohexosaminidase catalysed glycosylation of glycopeptides and glycoprotein remodelling. The crucial beta-D-Manp-(1-->4)-D-GlcpNAc linkage is synthesised via epimerisation of gluco disaccharide substrates by sequential triflation and nucleophilic substitution. Oxazolines are formed directly from the anomeric OPMP protected N-acetyl glucosamine derivatives. Efficient endohexosaminidase catalysed glycosylation of a synthetic beta-D-GlcpNAcAsn glycosyl amino acid is demonstrated with the trisaccharide oxazoline donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W D F Rising
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The development of chemical and enzymatic methods for the synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins is a fascinating challenge at the interface between chemistry and biology. Discussed here are the currently available methods for preparation of homogeneous glycoproteins. These methods include (1) glycopeptide ligation; (2) glycoprotein remodeling; and (3) in vivo suppressor tRNA technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Saskiawan I, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Haneda K, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Enhancement of bioactivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor by attachment of sugar moiety to glutamine residue. J Biotechnol 2005; 114:299-306. [PMID: 15522439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We prepared yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, a 13-amino acid pheromone produced by haploid alpha-cells, bound with glucose or N-acetylglucosamine at the fifth glutamine residue from the N-terminal by the chemical method of peptide synthesis. It was found that the bioactivity of glucosyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of native alpha-mating factor. However, it was slightly lower than that of N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor. This suggested that the N-acetylamino residue might play some important role in the enhancement of the bioactivity of alpha-mating factor. However, CD spectra analysis of alpha-mating factor and its derivatives demonstrated that their structures were almost identical. On the other hand, we attached a sialo complex type oligosaccharide to N-acetylglucosamine or its glucose residue by means of the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis (Endo-M). The attachment of the oligosaccharide to both alpha-mating factors reduced their activities. However, enzymatical trimming of the sialo complex type oligosaccharide recovered its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Saskiawan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang LX, Song H, Liu S, Lu H, Jiang S, Ni J, Li H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of HIV-1 gp41 Glycopeptides: Effects of Glycosylation on the Anti-HIV Activity and α-Helix Bundle-Forming Ability of Peptide C34. Chembiochem 2005; 6:1068-74. [PMID: 15883971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C34 is a 34-mer peptide derived from the C-terminal ectodomain of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp41. The C34 region in native gp41 carries a conserved N-glycan at Asn637 and the sequence is directly involved in the virus-host membrane fusion, an essential step for HIV-1 infection. This paper describes the synthesis of glycoforms of C34 which carry a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a native oligosaccharide moiety. The synthesis of the glycopeptide which carries a native high-mannose type N-glycan was achieved by a chemoenzymatic approach by using an endoglycosidase-catalyzed oligosaccharide transfer as the key step. The effects of glycosylation on the inhibitory activity and the helix-bundle forming ability of C34 were investigated. It was found that glycosylation moderately decreases the anti-HIV activity of C34 and, in comparison with C34, glyco-C34 forms less compact six-helix bundles with the corresponding N-terminal peptide, N36. This study suggests that conserved glycosylation modulates the anti-HIV activity and conformations of the gp41 C-peptide, C34.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Institute of Human Virology, Biotechnology Institute, University of Maryland, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hauser S, Song H, Li H, Wang LX. A novel fluorescence-based assay for the transglycosylation activity of endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 328:580-5. [PMID: 15694387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence-based assay for the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) was developed. The assay was based on the findings that a coupled chitinase can specifically capture and hydrolyze the fluorogenic intermediate that is formed by the ENGase-catalyzed transglycosylation to release a fluorophore, but does not hydrolyze the donor asparagine-linked N-glycan and the acceptor 4-methylumbelliferyl N-acetylglucosaminide. The assay method was verified by detecting the transglycosylation activities of the known ENGases. Its application for assessing the effects of organic solvents on transglycosylation activity was demonstrated. The novel coupled assay provides a highly sensitive, easy, and quantitative method for screening endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases with transglycosylation activities useful for glycoconjugate synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hauser
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo Z, Shao N. Glycopeptide and glycoprotein synthesis involving unprotected carbohydrate building blocks. Med Res Rev 2005; 25:655-78. [PMID: 15895471 DOI: 10.1002/med.20033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycopeptides and glycoproteins using unprotected carbohydrates as key intermediates. The synthetic methods covered herein include the convergent synthesis of glycopeptides by chemoselective ligation of peptides and free glycans, solution- and solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptides by sequential peptide elongation with unprotected glycosyl amino acids or short glycopeptides as building blocks, and the synthesis of glycopeptides by enzymatic and/or chemical elongation of the free glycans. The use of unprotected carbohydrates in these syntheses can circumvent the final-stage carbohydrate deprotection, lead to highly convergent synthetic designs, and more significantly, take advantage of the commercially available free glycans isolated from nature, which could considerably facilitate the synthesis of complex glycopeptides and glycoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fujita K, Kobayashi K, Iwamatsu A, Takeuchi M, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Molecular cloning of Mucor hiemalis endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and some properties of the recombinant enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 432:41-9. [PMID: 15519295 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2004.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Revised: 09/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Endo-M, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, is known as a useful enzyme for the synthesis of neoglycopeptides due to its transglycosylation activity. We cloned the Endo-M gene encoding a putative 744 amino acids, which shows high identity to glycoside hydrolase family 85 endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases. The gene encoding Endo-M was expressed in protease-deficient Candida boidinii with a molecular mass of 85 kDa as a monomeric form. Recombinant Endo-M could liberate both high-mannose type and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides from glycopeptides, which was same as the native enzyme. The Km and Kcat values for DNS-Man6GlcNAc2Asn were 0.51 mM and 8.25 s(-1), respectively. Recombinant Endo-M also exhibited transglycosylation activity toward high-mannose type and biantennary complex type oligosaccharides, which were transferred to alcohols, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and glycosides. To investigate about the catalytically essential amino acids of Endo-M, site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and it was found that mutants E177G and E177Q completely abolished the hydrolytic activity and W228R partially abolished the transglycosylation activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Fujita
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yasutake N, Totani K, Harada Y, Haraguchi S, Murata T, Usui T. Novel Synthesis of Lactosyl .BETA.-Glycosides and Analogs through Cellulase-mediated Transglycosylation or Condensation Reaction. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2004. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.51.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
40
|
Mizuno M, Noguchi M, Imai M, Motoyoshi T, Inazu T. Interaction assay of oligosaccharide with lectins using glycosylasparagine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:485-90. [PMID: 14698187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycosyl amino acids having natural glycan were useful for the interaction assay of oligosaccharides. A glycochip containing the whole structure of an oligosaccharide was easily prepared by the immobilization of the glycosyl amino acid. Furthermore, fluorescence probes were introduced into the glycosyl amino acid while maintaining the whole structure of oligosaccharide. By using these labeled oligosaccharides, fluorescence polarization (FP) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) analyzed the carbohydrate-lectin interaction in a solution assay system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Mizuno
- The Noguchi Institute, 1-8-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, 173-0003, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takegawa K, Fan JQ. Enzymatic synthesis of neoglycoconjugates by transglycosylation with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:64-74. [PMID: 12968357 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Life Sciences, Kagawa University, Mikicho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Singh S, Ni J, Wang LX. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of high-mannose type HIV-1 gp120 glycopeptides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:327-30. [PMID: 12565922 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach to the synthesis of glycoforms of HIV-1 gp120 glycopeptides is described. Thus, the high-mannose type glycopeptides [gp120 (336-342)] containing Man(9), Man(6) and Man(5) moieties, respectively, were synthesized in satisfactory yields via transglycosylation to the acetylglucosaminyl peptide, using the recombinant Arthrobacter Endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (Endo-A) as the key enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suddham Singh
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, University of Maryland, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saskiawan I, Mizuno M, Inazu T, Haneda K, Harashima S, Kumagai H, Yamamoto K. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the glycosylated alpha-mating factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analysis of its biological activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 406:127-34. [PMID: 12234498 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(02)00416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of glycosylation on a bioactive peptide was studied using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor, which is composed of 13 amino acids. In this study, we prepared glycosylated alpha-mating factor by chemo-enzymatic synthesis. At first, N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln(GlcNAc)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr) was chemically synthesized by the solid-phase method. Then, using the transglycosylation activity of Mucor hiemalis endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, we synthesized glycosylated alpha-mating factor with a glutamine-linked sialo complex type oligosaccharide. The biological activity of alpha-mating factor derivatives was examined by means of a growth arrest assay using secreted-protease-defective a cells of S. cerevisiae. The results showed that the bioactivity of glycosylated alpha-mating factor was lower than that of native alpha-mating factor. However, when sialic acid was removed from the complex type sugar chain of glycosylated alpha-mating factor, its bioactivity was recovered. Glycosylated alpha-mating factor exhibited higher resistance against proteolysis than native alpha-mating factor. It was found that the bioactivity of N-acetylglucosaminyl alpha-mating factor was higher than that of alpha-mating factor. Circular dichroism studies indicated that a slight change in the structure of alpha-mating factor may influence its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan Saskiawan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ishido K, Takagaki K, Iwafune M, Yoshihara S, Sasaki M, Endo M. Enzymatic attachment of glycosaminoglycan chain to peptide using the sugar chain transfer reaction with endo-beta-xylosidase. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:11889-95. [PMID: 11805117 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-beta-xylosidase from the mid-gut gland of the molluscus Patinopecten is an endo-type glycosidase that hydrolyzes the xylosyl serine linkage between a core protein and a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain, releasing the intact GAG chain from proteoglycan. In this study, we investigated GAG chain transfer activity of this enzyme, in order to develop a method for attaching GAG chains to peptide. Peptidochondroitin sulfate (molecular mass of sugar chain, 30 kDa) from bovine tracheal cartilage as a donor and butyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-seryl-threonyl-arginine-(4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) as an acceptor were incubated with endo-beta-xylosidase. As a result, a reaction product with the same fluorescence as the acceptor peptide was observed. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis, cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, and enzymatic digestion showed that this reaction product had the chondroitin sulfate (ChS) from the donor. Furthermore, the acceptor peptide was released from this reaction product after hydrolysis by endo-beta-xylosidase. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ChS chain released from the donor was transferred to the acceptor peptide by the GAG chain transfer reaction of endo-beta-xylosidase. The optimal pH for hydrolysis by this enzyme was found to be about 4.0, whereas that for this reaction was about 3.0. Not only the ChS but also the dermatan sulfate and the heparan sulfate were transferred to the acceptor peptide by this reaction. By using this reaction, the GAG chain could be attached to the peptide in one step. The GAG chain transfer reaction of endo-beta-xylosidase should be a significant glycotechnological tool for the artificial synthesis of proteoglycan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keinosuke Ishido
- Department of Biochemistry and Second Department of Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Davis
- Dyson Perrins Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Totani K, Yasutake N, Ohi H, Murata T, Usui T. Enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic beta-lactosides as mimic units of glycosphingolipids by use of Trichoderma reesei cellulase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 385:70-7. [PMID: 11361028 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2000.2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic beta-lactosides were directly synthesized by beta-lactosyl transfer reaction from p-nitrophenyl beta-lactoside (Lac beta-pNP) to various 1-alkanols (n = 2-12), utilizing commercially available cellulase preparation of Trichoderma reesei C1. With ethanol acceptor, the enzyme induced ethyl beta-lactoside (1) in 18% yield based on the donor added in aqueous buffer system. When 1-octanol and dodecanol were acceptors, octyl beta-lactoside (2) and dodecyl beta-lactoside (3) were also obtained as transfer products, respectively. In both cases, the addition of sodium cholate as detergent to the reaction system ensured a sufficient solubility of these acceptors and resulted in a remarkable increase of the desired compounds (5-13% yields based on the donor added). Furthermore, the enzyme catalyzed the N-acetyllactosaminyl transfer reaction from p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetyllactosaminide (LacNAc beta-pNP) not only to 1-alkanol, but also to the OH-4 position of Man and Glc to produce the trisaccharides, Gal beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4Man (4) and Gal beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4Glc (5), respectively. The enzyme activities transferring lactosyl and N-acetyllactosaminyl groups were not separated by chromatographies using DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex 75 pg columns, indicating that the two reactions were catalyzed by a single enzyme. It was specified that a single enzyme works both transglycosylations, based on the substrate competition assay on hydrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Totani
- Science of Biological Resource, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Haneda K, Inazu T, Mizuno M, Iguchi R, Tanabe H, Fujimori K, Yamamoto K, Kumagai H, Tsumori K, Munekata E. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide and its characterization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1526:242-8. [PMID: 11410333 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(01)00135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioactive peptide containing a glutamine-linked oligosaccharide was chemo-enzymatically synthesized by use of the solid-phase method of peptide synthesis and the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Substance P, a neuropeptide, is an undecapeptide containing two L-glutamine residues. A substance P derivative with an N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue attached to the fifth or sixth L-glutamine residue from the N-terminal region was chemically synthesized. A sialo complex-type oligosaccharide derived from a glycopeptide of hen egg yolk was added to the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine moiety of the substance P derivative using the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, and a substance P derivative with a sialo complex-type oligosaccharide attached to the L-glutamine residue was synthesized. This glycosylated substance P was biologically active, although the activity was rather low, and stable against peptidase digestion. The oligosaccharide moiety attached to the L-glutamine residue of the peptide was not liberated by peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl) asparagine amidase F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Haneda
- The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fujita K, Takegawa K. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of neoglycoproteins using transglycosylation with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 282:678-82. [PMID: 11401514 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize neoglycoproteins containing high-mannose-type oligosaccharides is described. p-Isothiocyanatophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (Glc-ITC) was transferred to the reducing end of the high-mannose-type oligosaccharides using a transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase A (Endo-A). A novel oligosaccharide, Man(6)GlcNAc-Glc-ITC, was synthesized as a coupling reagent for lysyl and N-terminal residues of the protein moiety. The neoglycoconjugate was coupled with several nonglycosylated proteins such as ribonuclease A, lysozyme, and alpha-lactalbumin. Between one and four high-mannose-type oligosaccharides were incorporated per molecule of these proteins. This method should be very useful for the synthesis of neoglycoproteins with homogeneous high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fujita
- Department of Life Sciences, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yamamoto K. Chemo-Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive glycopeptide using microbial endoglycosidase. J Biosci Bioeng 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
50
|
Herzner H, Reipen T, Schultz M, Kunz H. Synthesis of glycopeptides containing carbohydrate and Peptide recognition motifs. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4495-538. [PMID: 11749356 DOI: 10.1021/cr990308c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Herzner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Organische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|