1
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Pila P, Chuammitri P, Patchanee P, Pringproa K, Piyarungsri K. Evaluation of Bcl-2 as a marker for chronic kidney disease prediction in cats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1043848. [PMID: 36699321 PMCID: PMC9870326 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1043848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent condition in elderly cats. Bcl-2 is linked to kidney disease through the processes of apoptosis and fibrosis. The purpose of this study is to examine Bcl-2 levels in CKD and clinically healthy age-matched cats in order to evaluate the relationship between Bcl-2 levels, signalment, and blood parameters in cats with CKD. The circulating levels of Bcl-2 were determined using an immunoassay in twenty-four CKD cats and eleven clinically healthy age-matched cats by the utilization of the general linear model (GLM), Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), ROC curves, the Cox hazard model, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. These were all conducted in order to explore Bcl-2 levels and their connection with other variables. The Bcl-2 immunohistochemical intensity was graded in each glomerulus and tubulointerstitium. McNemar's test was performed in order to compare the expression of Bcl-2 in the two renal tissue sites. The circulating Bcl-2 of CKD cats was significantly lower than those of clinically healthy age-matched cats (P = 0.034). The presence of circulating Bcl-2 (P < 0.01) and the severity of CKD (P = 0.02) were both linked with the survival time of cats with CKD. The area under the curve (AUC) of Bcl-2 for detection of CKD was 0.723. In cats, decreased circulating Bcl-2 was associated with increased blood BUN, creatinine levels, and CKD severity. Bcl-2 protein expression was reduced in the renal tissues of CKD cats as the disease progressed, resulting in a decrease in their survival time. This study demonstrated that Bcl-2 may be effective in diagnosing feline CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattiya Pila
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Prapas Patchanee
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kakanang Piyarungsri
- Department of Companion Animal and Wildlife Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand,*Correspondence: Kakanang Piyarungsri ✉
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2
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Fan Y, Sun Q, Li X, Feng J, Ao Z, Li X, Wang J. Substrate Stiffness Modulates the Growth, Phenotype, and Chemoresistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:718834. [PMID: 34504843 PMCID: PMC8421636 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.718834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical factors in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in response to a variety of cellular activities in cancer cells. Here, we utilized polyacrylamide hydrogels with varying physical parameters simulating tumor and metastatic target tissues to investigate the effect of substrate stiffness on the growth, phenotype, and chemotherapeutic response of ovarian cancer cells (OCCs). We found that increasing the substrate stiffness promoted the proliferation of SKOV-3 cells, an OCC cell line. This proliferation coincided with the nuclear translocation of the oncogene Yes-associated protein. Additionally, we found that substrate softening promoted elements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including mesenchymal cell shape changes, increase in vimentin expression, and decrease in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression. Growing evidence demonstrates that apart from contributing to cancer initiation and progression, EMT can promote chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, we evaluated tumor response to standard chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and found antiproliferation effects to be directly proportional to the stiffness of the substrate. Nanomechanical studies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) have revealed that chemosensitivity and chemoresistance are related to cellular mechanical properties. The results of cellular elastic modulus measurements determined by AFM demonstrated that Young's modulus of SKOV-3 cells grown on soft substrates was less than that of cells grown on stiff substrates. Gene expression analysis of SKOV-3 cells showed that mRNA expression can be greatly affected by substrate stiffness. Finally, immunocytochemistry analyses revealed an increase in multidrug resistance proteins, namely, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 and member 4 (ABCB1 and ABCB4), in the cells grown on the soft gel resulting in resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, our study may help in identification of effective targets for cancer therapy and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer progression and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Fan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hospital of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Ao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Göbel A, Zinna VM, Dell'Endice S, Jaschke N, Kuhlmann JD, Wimberger P, Rachner TD. Anti-tumor effects of mevalonate pathway inhibition in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:703. [PMID: 32727400 PMCID: PMC7388525 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer remains the most fatal gynecological malignancy. Current therapeutic options are limited due to late diagnosis in the majority of the cases, metastatic spread to the peritoneal cavity and the onset of chemo-resistance. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are required. Statins and amino-bisphosphonates are inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway, which is a fundamental pathway of cellular metabolism, essential for cholesterol production and posttranslational protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation. While this pathway has emerged as a promising treatment target in several human malignancies, its potential as a therapeutic approach in ovarian cancer is still not fully understood. METHODS Human ovarian cancer cell lines (IGROV-1, A2780, A2780cis) were treated with increasing concentrations (0.5-100 μM) of statins (simvastatin, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin) and zoledronic acid. Effects on cell vitality and apoptosis were assessed using Cell Titer Blue®, Caspase 3/7 Glo®, clonogenic assays as well as cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cPARP) detection. The inhibition of the mevalonate pathway was confirmed using Western Blot of unprenylated Ras and Rap1a proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze modulations on several key regulators of ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. RESULTS The treatment of IGROV-1 and A2780 cells with statins and zoledronic acid reduced vitality (by up to 80%; p < 0.001) and induced apoptosis by up to 8-folds (p < 0.001) in a dose-dependent fashion. Rescue experiments using farnesyl pyrophosphate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate evidenced that blocked geranylgeranylation is the major underlying mechanism of the pro-apoptotic effects. Gene expression of the tumor-promoting cytokines and mediators, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, and IL-6 were significantly suppressed by statins and zoledronic acid by up to 90% (p < 0.001). For all readouts, simvastatin was most potent of all agents used. Cisplatin-resistant A2780cis cells showed a relative resistance to statins and zoledronic acid. However, similar to the effects in A2780 cells, simvastatin and zoledronic acid significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation (6-folds; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our in vitro findings point to promising anti-tumor effects of statins and zoledronic acid in ovarian cancer and warrant additional validation in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Göbel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Valentina M Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Dell'Endice
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Dominik Kuhlmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Pauline Wimberger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Xiao L, Peng Z, Zhu A, Xue R, Lu R, Mi J, Xi S, Chen W, Jiang S. Inhibition of RUNX1 promotes cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114116. [PMID: 32579960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), one subunit of core-binding factors in hematopoiesis and leukemia, was highly expressed in ovarian cancer (OC), but the role of RUNX1 in OC is largely unknown. Since we found that high expression of RUNX1 is correlated with poor survival in patients with OC through bioinformatic analysis of TCGA database, we developed RUNX1-knockout clones by CRISPR/Cas9 technique and discovered that RUNX1 depletion could promote cisplatin-induced apoptosis in OC cells, which was further confirmed by RUNX1 knockdown and overexpression. We also proved that RUNX1 could elevate the expression of BCL2. We then examined a total of 32 candidate miRNAs that might mediate the regulation between RUNX1 and BCL2, of which three miRNAs from the miR-17~92 cluster were found to be negatively regulated by RUNX1. Consistently, our analysis of data from TCGA database revealed the negative correlation between RUNX1 and the cluster. We further confirmed that miR-17~92 cluster could enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis by directly targeting BCL2 3'UTR. Since rescue experiments proved that RUNX1 could repress cisplatin-induced apoptosis by up-regulating BCL2 via miR-17~92 cluster, combining RUNX1 inhibitor Ro5-3335 and cisplatin showed synergic effect in triggering OC cell apoptosis. Collectively, these findings show for the first time that combinational treatment of cisplatin and RUNX1 inhibitor could be used to potentiate apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells, and reveal the potential of targeting RUNX1 in ovarian cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhennan Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renxing Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renming Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Mi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Xi
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songshan Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences & Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Stover EH, Baco MB, Cohen O, Li YY, Christie EL, Bagul M, Goodale A, Lee Y, Pantel S, Rees MG, Wei G, Presser AG, Gelbard MK, Zhang W, Zervantonakis IK, Bhola PD, Ryan J, Guerriero JL, Montero J, Liang FJ, Cherniack AD, Piccioni F, Matulonis UA, Bowtell DDL, Sarosiek KA, Letai A, Garraway LA, Johannessen CM, Meyerson M. Pooled Genomic Screens Identify Anti-apoptotic Genes as Targetable Mediators of Chemotherapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2281-2293. [PMID: 31462500 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is often sensitive to initial treatment with platinum and taxane combination chemotherapy, but most patients relapse with chemotherapy-resistant disease. To systematically identify genes modulating chemotherapy response, we performed pooled functional genomic screens in HGSOC cell lines treated with cisplatin, paclitaxel, or cisplatin plus paclitaxel. Genes in the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis were among the top candidate resistance genes in both gain-of-function and loss-of-function screens. In an open reading frame overexpression screen, followed by a mini-pool secondary screen, anti-apoptotic genes including BCL2L1 (BCL-XL) and BCL2L2 (BCL-W) were associated with chemotherapy resistance. In a CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen, loss of BCL2L1 decreased cell survival whereas loss of proapoptotic genes promoted resistance. To dissect the role of individual anti-apoptotic proteins in HGSOC chemotherapy response, we evaluated overexpression or inhibition of BCL-2, BCL-XL, BCL-W, and MCL1 in HGSOC cell lines. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins decreased apoptosis and modestly increased cell viability upon cisplatin or paclitaxel treatment. Conversely, specific inhibitors of BCL-XL, MCL1, or BCL-XL/BCL-2, but not BCL-2 alone, enhanced cell death when combined with cisplatin or paclitaxel. Anti-apoptotic protein inhibitors also sensitized HGSOC cells to the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor olaparib. These unbiased screens highlight anti-apoptotic proteins as mediators of chemotherapy resistance in HGSOC, and support inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL1, alone or combined with chemotherapy or targeted agents, in treatment of primary and recurrent HGSOC. IMPLICATIONS: Anti-apoptotic proteins modulate drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and inhibitors of BCL-XL or MCL1 promote cell death in combination with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Stover
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Maria B Baco
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ofir Cohen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yvonne Y Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth L Christie
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Goodale
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sasha Pantel
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Guo Wei
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Adam G Presser
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maya K Gelbard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Weiqun Zhang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Patrick D Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan Montero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felice J Liang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Federica Piccioni
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ursula A Matulonis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David D L Bowtell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cory M Johannessen
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Meyerson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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6
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Aleksakhina SN, Kashyap A, Imyanitov EN. Mechanisms of acquired tumor drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188310. [PMID: 31442474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic therapy often results in the reduction of tumor size but rarely succeeds in eradicating all cancer cells. Drug efflux, persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and down-regulation of apoptosis are the most known general causes of therapy failure. Tumor escape from targeted compounds often involves pathway-specific mechanisms, which result in the restoration of the affected signaling cascade. The acquisition of drug resistance is mediated by mutations, changes in gene expression, alternative splicing, post-translational protein modifications, etc. Development of resistance to therapy may not necessary involve the emergence of new tumor clones: multiple studies demonstrate that even chemonaive neoplasms already have a small population of cells, which are capable of surviving therapeutic pressure and facilitating the disease progression. Use of combinations of cancer drugs, sequential therapy, adaptive therapy and topical ablation of drug-resistant malignant lumps may help to prolong the time to treatment failure. Many studies on mechanisms of drug resistance rely on the use of cell cultures and animal models. The development of approaches that allow efficient monitoring of the evolution of tumor phenotype in clinical setting presents a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Aleksakhina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Aniruddh Kashyap
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St.-Petersburg 197758, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, St.-Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St.-Petersburg 194100, Russia; Department of Oncology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St.-Petersburg 195067, Russia.
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7
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Momeny M, Yousefi H, Eyvani H, Moghaddaskho F, Salehi A, Esmaeili F, Alishahi Z, Barghi F, Vaezijoze S, Shamsaiegahkani S, Zarrinrad G, Sankanian G, Sabourinejad Z, Hamzehlou S, Bashash D, Aboutorabi ES, Ghaffari P, Dehpour AR, Tavangar SM, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Blockade of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Dai Y, Jin S, Li X, Wang D. The involvement of Bcl-2 family proteins in AKT-regulated cell survival in cisplatin resistant epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 8:1354-1368. [PMID: 27935869 PMCID: PMC5352061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies involving patients with cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer have shown that AKT activation leads to inhibition of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine the potential involvement of the Bcl-2 family proteins in AKT-regulated cell survival in response to cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin-sensitive (PEO1) and cisplatin-resistant (PEO4) cells were taken from ascites of patients with ovarian cancer before cisplatin treatment and after development of chemoresistance. It was found that cisplatin treatment activated the AKT signaling pathway and promoted cell proliferation in cisplatin-resistant EOC cells. When AKT was transfected into nucleus of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, DNA-PK was phosphorylated at S473. The activated AKT (pAKT-S473) in these cells inhibited the death signal induced by cisplatin thereby inhibiting cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. Results from this study showed that the combination of cisplatin, DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441, and AKT inhibitor TCN can overcome drug resistance, increase apoptosis, and re-sensitize PEO4 cells to cisplatin treatment. A decrease in apoptotic activity was seen in PEO4 cells when Bad was downregulated by siRNA, which indicated that Bad promotes apoptosis in PEO4 cells. Use of the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 showed that ABT-737 binds to Bcl-2 but not Mcl-1 and releases Bax/Bak which leads to cell apoptosis. The combination of ABT-737 and cisplatin leads to a significant increase in the death of PEO1 and PEO4 cells. All together, these results indicate that Bcl-2 family proteins are regulators of drug resistance. The combination of cisplatin and Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor could be a strategy for the treatment of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- 1 The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiguang Jin
- 2 Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,3 Medical Research Centre, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xueping Li
- 4 Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, The First Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Daxin Wang
- 2 Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,3 Medical Research Centre, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Jia X, Gu Z, Chen W, Jiao J. Tigecycline targets nonsmall cell lung cancer through inhibition of mitochondrial function. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:297-306. [PMID: 27009695 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jia
- Department of Oncology; The First People's Hospital of Jining; No.6 Jiankang road Jining Shandong Province China
| | - Zhenfang Gu
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University; No.79 Guhuai road Jining Shandong Province China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Oncology; The First People's Hospital of Jining; No.6 Jiankang road Jining Shandong Province China
| | - Junbo Jiao
- Department of Oncology; The First People's Hospital of Jining; No.6 Jiankang road Jining Shandong Province China
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10
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts attenuate Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by promoting STAT3 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:947-54. [PMID: 26826383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the main reasons for treatment failure in ovarian cancer is acquired drug resistance. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are known to enhance chemoresistance in many human tumors. However, its contributions to chemoresistance acquisition in ovarian cancer are not well understood. Here, we provide the first evidence that the conditioned medium of CAFs (CAFs-CM) could attenuate the sensitivity to Cisplatin in A2780 and ES2 ovarian cancer cells and protect them from Cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We found the expression level of two anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-2 and Survivin, as well as their upstream controller p-STAT3 were significantly increased when ovarian cancer cells were exposed to CAFs-CM. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 signaling with Cryptotanshinone could down-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin, thus weaken the post-target resistance to Cispaltin mediating by CAFs-CM in ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that CAFs could activate the anti-apoptotic STAT3 signaling, thereby decrease the Cisplatin-induced apoptosis and promote chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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11
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Sun M, Yang C, Zheng J, Wang M, Chen M, Le DQS, Kjems J, Bünger CE. Enhanced efficacy of chemotherapy for breast cancer stem cells by simultaneous suppression of multidrug resistance and antiapoptotic cellular defense. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:171-182. [PMID: 26415776 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While chemotherapy is universally recognized as a frontline treatment strategy for breast cancer, it is not always successful; among the leading causes of treatment failure is existing and/or acquired multidrug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which constitute a minority of the cells of a tumor, are acknowledged to be responsible for increased resistance to chemo-drugs through a combination of increased expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), an increased anti-apoptotic defense, and/or the ability for extensive DNA repair like normal stem cells. Consequently, more effective therapy, especially targeted to CSCs, is urgently required. We studied the characteristics of 231-CSCs (CD44+/CD24-) sorted from human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and demonstrated that 231-CSCs exhibited enhanced capacities for proliferation, migration, tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance. To address these multifunctional facets of CSCs, we devised a non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle (niosome) co-delivery system to simultaneously deliver siRNAs, targeted to both the ABC transporter (ABCG2) and the anti-apoptosis defense gene (BCL2), and doxorubicin (DOX) to CSCs. The rationale is to sensitize CSCs to DOX by down regulating the drug-resistance gene ABCG2 and simultaneously induce apoptosis by lowering BCL2 expression. The co-delivery system (CDS) successfully delivered siRNAs and DOX to the cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively, and resulted in a down-regulation of ABCG2- and BCL2 mRNAs in CSCs by 60% and 65%, respectively, compared to the control. A corresponding decrease in protein expression was observed using Western blotting. The IC50 of DOX in CSCs concurrently decreased significantly. Our result established CDS as a promising multi-drug delivery platform for cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are acknowledged to be responsible for increased resistance to chemo-drugs through a combination of increased expression of ABC transporters, an increased anti-apoptotic defense, and/or the ability for extensive DNA repair like normal stem cells. Consequently, effective therapy, especially to CSCs, is urgently required. In current study, we studied the characteristics of 231-CSCs sorted from human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and found that 231-CSCs possessed enhanced proliferation, migration, tumorigenesis, and DOX resistance. We employed a non-ionic surfactant-based vesicle (niosome) delivery system to simultaneously deliver siRNAs targeted to multi-drug resistance genes, and DOX to kill 231-CSCs. The CDS showed an enhanced therapeutic effect by resensitizing 231-CSCs to DOX and may constitute a promising candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Chuanxu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Miao Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Muwan Chen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Cody Eric Bünger
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Wang S, Qiu J, Shi Z, Wang Y, Chen M. Nanoscale drug delivery for taxanes based on the mechanism of multidrug resistance of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:224-241. [PMID: 25447422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Taxanes are one type of the most extensively used chemotherapeutic agents to treat cancers. However, their clinical use is severely limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. A diverse variety of mechanisms has been implicated about taxane resistance, such as alterations of drug targets, overexpression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and barriers in drug transport. The deepening understanding of molecular mechanisms of taxane resistance has spawned a number of targets for reversing resistance. However, circumvention of taxane resistance would not only possess therapeutic potential, but also face with clinical challenge, which accelerates the development of optimal nanoscale delivery systems. This review highlights the current understanding on the mechanisms of taxane resistance, and provides a comprehensive analysis of various nanoscale delivery systems to reverse taxane resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jiange Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Niimi K, Murakumo Y, Watanabe N, Kato T, Mii S, Enomoto A, Asai M, Asai N, Yamamoto E, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Takahashi M. Suppression of REV7 enhances cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian clear cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:545-52. [PMID: 24597627 PMCID: PMC4317831 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human REV7 (also known as MAD2L2 and MAD2B) is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, gene transcription, and carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the expression of REV7 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and analyzed the association between its expression and chemosensitivity in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) cells. Expression of REV7 in human EOC tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Expression was detected in the majority of EOCs (92.0%) with especially high levels of expression frequently observed in CCCs (73.5%) compared with that of non-CCCs (53.4%). Enhanced immunoreactivity to REV7 was associated with poor prognosis represented by reduced progression-free survival in advanced stage (stage II–IV) EOC as assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log–rank tests. The effects of REV7 knockdown on cell proliferation and chemosensitivity in CCC cells were also analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of REV7 in CCC cells decreased cell proliferation without affecting cell cycle distribution. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cells and DNA damaged cells were increased after cisplatin treatment. In a nude mouse tumor xenograft model, inoculated REV7-knockdown tumors showed significantly reduced tumor volumes after cisplatin treatment compared with those of the control group. These findings indicate that depletion of REV7 enhances sensitivity to cisplatin treatment in CCC, suggesting that REV7 is a candidate molecular target in CCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Maillet A, Yadav S, Loo YL, Sachaphibulkij K, Pervaiz S. A novel Osmium-based compound targets the mitochondria and triggers ROS-dependent apoptosis in colon carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e653. [PMID: 23744353 PMCID: PMC3698552 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Engagement of the mitochondrial-death amplification pathway is an essential component in chemotherapeutic execution of cancer cells. Therefore, identification of mitochondria-targeting agents has become an attractive avenue for novel drug discovery. Here, we report the anticancer activity of a novel Osmium-based organometallic compound (hereafter named Os) on different colorectal carcinoma cell lines. HCT116 cell line was highly sensitive to Os and displayed characteristic features of autophagy and apoptosis; however, inhibition of autophagy did not rescue cell death unlike the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, Os significantly altered mitochondrial morphology, disrupted electron transport flux, decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP levels, and triggered a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Interestingly, the sensitivity of cell lines to Os was linked to its ability to induce mitochondrial ROS production (HCT116 and RKO) as HT29 and SW620 cell lines that failed to show an increase in ROS were resistant to the death-inducing activity of Os. Finally, intra-peritoneal injections of Os significantly inhibited tumor formation in a murine model of HCT116 carcinogenesis, and pretreatment with Os significantly enhanced tumor cell sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin. These data highlight the mitochondria-targeting activity of this novel compound with potent anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, which could have potential implications for strategic therapeutic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maillet
- ROS, Apoptosis and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Xu L, Cai J, Yang Q, Ding H, Wu L, Li T, Wang Z. Prognostic significance of several biomarkers in epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of published studies. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1257-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Horio M, Kato T, Mii S, Enomoto A, Asai M, Asai N, Murakumo Y, Shibata K, Kikkawa F, Takahashi M. Expression of RET finger protein predicts chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2012; 1:218-29. [PMID: 23342271 PMCID: PMC3544444 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in ovarian cancer. Thus, it is necessary to develop a predictive marker and molecular target for overcoming drug resistance in ovarian cancer treatment. In a previous report, using an in vitro model, we found that the RET finger protein (RFP) (also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 27, TRIM27) confers cancer cell resistance to anticancer drugs. However, the significance of RFP expression in cancer patients remains elusive. In this study, we showed that RFP was expressed in 62% of ovarian cancer patients and its positivity significantly correlated with drug resistance. Consistent with clinical data, depletion of RFP by RNA interference (RNAi) in ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and HEY, significantly increased carboplatin- or paclitaxel-induced apoptosis and resulted in reduced anticancer drug resistance. In a nude mouse tumor xenograft model, inoculated RFP-knockdown ovarian cancer cells exhibited lower carboplatin resistance than control cells. These findings suggest that RFP could be a predictive marker for chemoresistance in ovarian cancer patients and also a candidate for a molecular-targeted agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Horio
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lin C, Zhao XY, Li L, Liu HY, Cao K, Wan Y, Liu XY, Nie CL, Liu L, Tong AP, Deng HX, Li J, Yuan Z, Wei YQ. NOXA-induced alterations in the Bax/Smac axis enhance sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36722. [PMID: 22590594 PMCID: PMC3348888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. Deregulation of p53 and/or p73-associated apoptotic pathways contribute to the platinum-based resistance in ovarian cancer. NOXA, a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, is identified as a transcription target of p53 and/or p73. In this study, we found that genetic variants of Bcl-2 proteins exist among cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells, and the responses of NOXA and Bax to cisplatin are regulated mainly by p53. We further evaluated the effect of NOXA on cisplatin. NOXA induced apoptosis and sensitized A2780s and SKOV3 cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. The effects were mediated by elevated Bax expression, enhanced caspase activation, release of Cyt C and Smac into the cytosol. Furthermore, gene silencing of Bax or Smac significantly attenuated NOXA and/or cisplatin-induced apoptosis in chemosensitive A2780s cells, whereas overexpression of Bax or addition of Smac-N7 peptide significantly increased NOXA and/or cisplatin-induced apoptosis in chemoresistant SKOV3 cells. To our knowledge, these data suggest a new mechanism by which NOXA chemosensitized ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by inducing alterations in the Bax/Smac axis. Taken together, our findings show that NOXA is potentially useful as a chemosensitizer in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan-yi Liu
- Cancer Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-lai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (CN)
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-ping Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-xin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (CN)
| | - Yu-quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, High Technological Development Zone, Chengdu, China
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Yasmeen A, Beauchamp MC, Piura E, Segal E, Pollak M, Gotlieb WH. Induction of apoptosis by metformin in epithelial ovarian cancer: Involvement of the Bcl-2 family proteins. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:492-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yuan Z, Cao K, Lin C, Li L, Liu HY, Zhao XY, Liu L, Deng HX, Li J, Nie CL, Wei YQ. The p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) chemosensitizes intrinsically resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by lowering the threshold set by Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1. Mol Med 2011; 17:1262-74. [PMID: 21863213 PMCID: PMC3321807 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the number one cause of death from gynecologic malignancy. A defective p53 pathway is a hallmark of ovarian carcinoma. The p53 mutation correlates significantly with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, early relapse and shortened overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. PUMA (p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis), a BH3-only Bcl-2 family protein, was recently identified as a transcriptional target of p53 and a potent apoptosis inducer in various cancer cells. In this study, we showed that the induction of PUMA by cisplatin was abolished in p53-deficient SKOV3 cells. Elevated expression of PUMA-induced apoptosis and sensitized A2780s and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin, and the combination of PUMA and low-dose cisplatin, significantly suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo through enhanced induction of apoptosis compared with treatment with PUMA or cisplatin alone. The effects of PUMA were mediated by enhanced caspase activation and release of cytochrome c and Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) into the cytosol. Furthermore, PUMA chemosensitized intrinsically resistant SKOV3 cells to cisplatin through downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-x(L)) and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1). PUMA-mediated Bcl-x(L) downregulation mainly happened at the transcription level, whereas PUMA-induced Mcl-1 down-regulation was associated with caspase-dependent cleavage and proteasome-mediated degradation. To our knowledge, these data suggest a new mechanism by which overexpression of PUMA enhances sensitivity of SKOV3 cells to cisplatin by lowering the threshold set simultaneously by Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1. Taken together, our findings indicate that PUMA is an important modulator of therapeutic responses of ovarian cancer cells and is potentially useful as a chemosensitizer in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Zhu Yuan or Chun-lai Nie, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng, 610041, China. Phone: +86-28-85164063; Fax: +86-28-85164060; E-mails: ,
| | - Kang Cao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan-yi Liu
- Cancer Center, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-xin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-lai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Zhu Yuan or Chun-lai Nie, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, #1 Keyuan Road 4, Gaopeng, 610041, China. Phone: +86-28-85164063; Fax: +86-28-85164060; E-mails: ,
| | - Yu-quan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Esposito F, Tornincasa M, Chieffi P, De Martino I, Pierantoni GM, Fusco A. High-mobility group A1 proteins regulate p53-mediated transcription of Bcl-2 gene. Cancer Res 2010; 70:5379-88. [PMID: 20530667 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described a mechanism through which the high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins inhibit p53-mediated apoptosis by delocalizing the p53 proapoptotic activator homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. By this mechanism, HMGA1 modulates the transcription of p53 target genes such as Mdm2, p21(waf1), and Bax, inhibiting apoptosis. Here, we report that HMGA1 antagonizes the p53-mediated transcriptional repression of another apoptosis-related gene, Bcl-2, suggesting a novel mechanism by which HMGA1 counteracts apoptosis. Moreover, HMGA1 overexpression promotes the reduction of Brn-3a binding to the Bcl-2 promoter, thereby blocking the Brn-3a corepressor function on Bcl-2 expression following p53 activation. Consistently, a significant direct correlation between HMGA1 and Bcl-2 overexpression has been observed in human breast carcinomas harboring wild-type p53. Therefore, this study suggests a novel mechanism, based on Bcl-2 induction, by which HMGA1 overexpression contributes to the escape from apoptosis leading to neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR c/o Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ayadi L, Chaabouni S, Khabir A, Amouri H, Makni S, Guermazi M, Frikha M, Boudawara TS. Correlation Between Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Expression and Prognosis of Ovarian Carcinomas in Tunisian Patients. World J Oncol 2010; 1:118-128. [PMID: 29147191 PMCID: PMC5649935 DOI: 10.4021/wjon2010.06.213w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Newer biological prognostic factors and predictors of response to therapy are needed. Our study was designed to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2, Estrogen receptor (ER) and Progesterone receptor (PR) in ovarian carcinoma and to compare it with other prognostic parameters such as age, FIGO stage, size of residual tumor, histological type and grade. Methods This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology at Sfax University Hospital. Confirmed 57 cases of ovarian carcinoma were reviewed in the period between January 1995 and December 2006. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p53, Bcl-2, ER and PR receptors and Chi-Square and Student test to correlate immunohistochemical findings with some prognostic parameters of ovarian carcinoma. Results The percentage of expression of p53, Bcl-2, ER and PR was 73,7; 47,4; 35,1 and 33,3 % respectively. p53 overexpression correlated with an advanced FIGO stage (p = 0,026) and presence of ascitis (p < 10-4). The expression of PR was associated with an early stage (FIGO I and II), a non serous histologic type and a low tumour grade (p = 0,045; 0,010 and 0,036 respectively). No correlation was found between Bcl-2 and ER and prognostic parameters. Survival analysis revealed that Bcl-2 status, FIGO stage, presence of ascites, peritoneal cytology, and residual disease were significant predictive factors of survival. Conclusion p53 expression correlates with a worse prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer, whereas Bcl-2 expression is related to a better outcome. For hormonal status, expression of PR is found to be an independent indicator of favourable prognosis. These results should be supported by more and larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Ayadi
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Chaabouni
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelmajid Khabir
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Amouri
- Department of Gynecology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Makni
- Department of Pathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Guermazi
- Department of Gynecology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mounir Frikha
- Department of Oncology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Modest effect of p53, EGFR and HER-2/neu on prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:149-59. [PMID: 19513073 PMCID: PMC2713689 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P53, EGFR and HER-2/neu are the most frequently studied molecular biological parameters in epithelial ovarian cancer, but their prognostic impact is still unequivocal. We performed a meta-analysis to more precisely estimate their prognostic significance. METHODS Published studies that investigated the association between p53, EGFR and HER-2/neu status and survival were identified. Meta-analysis was performed using a DerSimonian-Laird model. Publication bias was investigated using funnel plots and sources of heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 62 studies were included for p53, 15 for EGFR and 20 for HER-2/neu. P53, EGFR and HER-2/neu status had a modest effect on overall survival (pooled HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.33-1.61 for p53; HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.25-2.19 for EGFR and HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.08 for HER-2/neu). Meta-regression analysis for p53 showed that FIGO stage distribution influenced study outcome. For EGFR and HER-2/neu, considerable publication bias was present. CONCLUSIONS Although p53, EGFR and HER-2/neu status modestly influences survival, these markers are, by themselves, unlikely to be useful as prognostic markers in clinical practice. Our study highlights the need for well-defined, prospective clinical trials and more complete reporting of results of prognostic factor studies.
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Saad M, Garbuzenko OB, Minko T. Co-delivery of siRNA and an anticancer drug for treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 3:761-76. [PMID: 19025451 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.6.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop a novel nanomedicine approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer by combining an anticancer drug and suppressors of cellular resistance within one multifunctional nanocarrier-based delivery system (NDS). MATERIALS & METHODS The NDS consisted of cationic liposomes (carrier, 100-140 nm), doxorubicin (DOX, anticancer drug), siRNA targeted to MRP1 and BCL2 mRNA (suppressors of pump and nonpump cellular-resistance, respectively). The resulting approximately 500 nm complex has a zeta potential of +4 mV. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The NDS provides an effective co-delivery of DOX and siRNA as well as cell-death induction and suppression of cellular resistance in MDR lung cancer cells. CONCLUSION We demonstrate NDS-enhanced efficiency of chemotherapy to a level that cannot be achieved by applying its components separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-08020, USA
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Olejniczak ET, Van Sant C, Anderson MG, Wang G, Tahir SK, Sauter G, Lesniewski R, Semizarov D. Integrative genomic analysis of small-cell lung carcinoma reveals correlates of sensitivity to bcl-2 antagonists and uncovers novel chromosomal gains. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:331-9. [PMID: 17426248 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of the genetic profile and the response to therapeutics. An early identification of a genomic marker in drug discovery may help select patients that would respond to treatment in clinical trials. Here we suggest coupling compound screening with comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the model systems for early discovery of genomic biomarkers. A Bcl-2 antagonist, ABT-737, has recently been discovered and shown to induce regression of solid tumors, but its activity is limited to a fraction of small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) models tested. We used comparative genomic hybridization on high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays to carry out a genome-wide analysis of 23 SCLC cell lines sensitive and resistant to ABT-737. The screen revealed a number of novel recurrent gene copy number abnormalities, which were also found in an independent data set of 19 SCLC tumors and confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. A previously unknown amplification was identified on 18q and associated with the sensitivity of SCLC cell lines to ABT-737 and another Bcl-2 antagonist. The region of gain contains Bcl-2 and NOXA, two apoptosis-related genes. Expression microarray profiling showed that the genes residing in the amplified region of 18q are also overexpressed in the sensitive lines relative to the resistant lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of tumors revealed that Bcl-2 gain is a frequent event in SCLC. Our findings suggest that 18q21-23 copy number will be a clinically relevant predictor for sensitivity of SCLC to Bcl-2 family inhibitors. The 18q21-23 genomic marker may have a broader application in cancer because Bcl-2 is associated with apoptosis evasion and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Olejniczak
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Building AP-10, Department R4CD, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
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Dharap SS, Chandna P, Wang Y, Khandare JJ, Qiu B, Stein S, Minko T. Molecular Targeting of BCL2 and BCLXL Proteins by Synthetic BCL2 Homology 3 Domain Peptide Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:992-8. [PMID: 16291730 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.094243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are known to induce programmed cell death or apoptosis. The activation of cellular antiapoptotic defense that prevents the translation of drug-induced damage into cell death is the key factor in cellular antiapoptotic resistance that decreases the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of a broad spectrum of anticancer drugs. A novel proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery system (DDS) was designed to simultaneously induce apoptosis and suppress antiapoptotic cellular defense. The system includes three main components: 1) anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) as an apoptosis inducer, 2) synthetic BCL2 homology 3 domain (BH3) peptide as a suppressor of cellular antiapoptotic defense, and 3) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer as a carrier. The above DDS was studied in vitro using A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and in vivo on nude mice bearing xenografts of human ovarian tumor. The results obtained in both series of experiments corroborate each other. They show that the designed DDS provided intracellular delivery of active components and suppressed cellular antiapoptotic defense, leading to the more pronounced induction of caspase-dependent signaling pathway of apoptosis compared with CPT alone and simple CPT-PEG conjugate. Including BH3 peptide in complex DDS decreased apoptotic cellular defense, substantially increased toxicity of the whole complex, and provided high antitumor activity. Therefore, the proposed novel multicomponent proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery system has high potential to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Dharap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA
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Dutta T, Sharma H, Kumar L, Dinda AK, Kumar S, Bhatla N, Singh N. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer—role of apoptosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:427-35. [PMID: 15906030 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most frequently fatal gynecological cancers because most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Loss of growth control and a marked resistance to apoptosis are considered major mechanisms driving tumor progression. Little is known about the effect of various treatment regimens on the distribution of molecular markers of apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. The objective of this study was to compare the expression levels of both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins p53, p73, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and survivin in the ascitic cells and tumor samples of patients undergoing treatment with two different regimens. METHODS A total of 24 patients with untreated epithelial ovarian cancer were randomized into two groups of 12 each. Group 1 patients received three cycles of chemotherapy prior to surgery and three cycles after surgery and group 2 patients received six cycles of chemotherapy prior to surgery. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was analyzed in ascitic fluid and tumor samples by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The apoptotic index was also determined in these samples by the TUNEL assay. RESULTS Significant decreases in antiapoptotic bcl-2 and survivin were seen, accompanied by increases in apoptotic index in tumors that had undergone chemotherapy as compared to the baseline ascites samples. No significant change in bcl-XL was observed. A significant decrease in proapoptotic p53 was also seen. No expression of p73 was observed in tumors or ascites. The findings were similar in groups 1 and 2 patients and were not statistically significantly different, perhaps due to the small sample size (n=12) of each group. CONCLUSIONS The above findings indicate that chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma leads to an increase in apoptosis by a p53-independent pathway, which involves the downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and survivin but not Bcl-XL. Furthermore, administering neoadjuvant chemotherapy (six cycles) as an alternative form of therapy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is more effective in inducing apoptosis than three cycles. However, the findings of this study need to be corroborated using a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Ferlini C, Raspaglio G, Mozzetti S, Distefano M, Filippetti F, Martinelli E, Ferrandina G, Gallo D, Ranelletti FO, Scambia G. Bcl-2 down-regulation is a novel mechanism of paclitaxel resistance. Mol Pharmacol 2003; 64:51-8. [PMID: 12815160 DOI: 10.1124/mol.64.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes act by inhibiting microtubule dynamics; in this study, we have investigated mitochondria as an additional target of taxanes. We incubated isolated mitochondria in the presence of taxanes with or without stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory state. Results showed that they rapidly induced the loss of deltapsim after stimulation of the respiratory state. To evaluate the binding of [14C]paclitaxel to isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial proteins were precipitated yielding 18.6 +/- 2.1 cpm/microg of protein. After stimulation of the respiratory state, binding of [14C]paclitaxel increased up to 163.2 +/- 46.7 cpm/microg of protein. CPM values after Bcl-2 immunoprecipitation was 62.8-fold higher than those of the control antibody, thereby indicating the involvement of Bcl-2 in paclitaxel binding. Then, we established a panel of A2780 cell lines resistant to increasing doses of paclitaxel alone or to high doses of paclitaxel/cyclosporin A (A2780 TC cells). In both cases, Bcl-2 expression was consistently down-regulated, whereas levels of other members of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bax and Bcl-x, did not change in paclitaxel-resistant cell lines. When A2780TC cells were stably transfected with a Bcl-2 construct, paclitaxel sensitivity was partially restored, thereby supporting a direct role of Bcl-2 down-regulation in the maintenance of drug-resistance. Finally, we examined Bcl-2 by immunohistochemistry in a small subset of ovarian cancer paclitaxel-resistant patients and we noticed that the protein is down-regulated in this clinical setting with respect to the expression levels found in drug-sensitive tumors. These findings demonstrate that Bcl-2 is an additional intracellular target of taxanes and that its down-regulation is involved in taxane resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ferlini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Schuyer M, van der Burg ME, Henzen-Logmans SC, Fieret JH, Klijn JG, Look MP, Foekens JA, Stoter G, Berns EM. Reduced expression of BAX is associated with poor prognosis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: a multifactorial analysis of TP53, p21, BAX and BCL-2. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1359-67. [PMID: 11720475 PMCID: PMC2375252 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional clinicopathological features do not predict which patients will develop chemotherapy resistance. The TP53 gene is frequently altered in ovarian cancer but its prognostic implications are controversial. Little is known on the impact of TP53-downstream genes on prognosis. Using molecular and immunohistochemical analyses we examined TP53 and its downstream genes p21, BAX and BCL-2 in ovarian tumour tissues and have evaluated the results in relation to clinico-pathological parameters, clinical outcome and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Associations of tested factors and patient and tumour characteristics were studied by Spearman rank correlation and Pearsons chi2 test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. The associations of tested factors with response was tested using logistic regression analysis. TP53 mutation, p21 and BCL-2 expression were not associated with increased rates of progression and death. Expression of TP53 was associated with a shorter overall survival only (relative hazard rate [RHR] 2.01, P = 0.03). Interestingly, when combining TP53 mutation and expression data, this resulted in an increased association with overall survival (P = 0.008). BAX expression was found to be associated with both progression-free (RHR 0.44, P = 0.05) and overall survival (RHR 0.42, P = 0.03). Those patients who simultaneously expressed BAX and BCL-2 had a longer progression-free and overall survival compared to patients whose tumours did not express BCL-2 (P = 0.05 and 0.015 respectively). No relations were observed between tested factors and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. We conclude that BAX expression may represent a prognostic indicator for patients with ovarian cancer and that the combined evaluation of BAX and BCL-2 may provide additional prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuyer
- Department of Medical Oncology (Division of Endocrine Oncology), University Hospital Rotterdam/DDHK, The Netherlands
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Naik R, Nordin A, Cross PA, Hemming D, de Barros Lopes A, Monaghan JM. Complete cytoreduction: is epithelial ovarian cancer confined to the pelvis biologically different from bulky abdominal disease? Gynecol Oncol 2000; 78:176-80. [PMID: 10926799 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether site and size of tumor masses prior to complete surgical cytoreduction affect outcome survival. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of 53 women with stage II and III epithelial ovarian cancer following complete surgical cytoreduction. RESULTS Fifteen cases (28%) were classified as stage II and the remaining 38 cases (72%) as stage III. The overall median survival was 58 months with overall 2- and 5-year survivals of 76 and 42%, respectively. On univariate analysis, women with well differentiated tumors did significantly better than those with moderately or poorly differentiated tumours (P = 0.0009). FIGO stage did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.066). On multivariate analysis, comparing patient's age, previous history of pelvic surgery, previous history of malignancy, performance of lymphadenectomy for visibly/palpably enlarged nodes, performance of bowel resection, presence of concomitant tumors, positive pelvic and/or para-aortic lymph nodes, histological type, histological grade, and FIGO stage, only histological grade remained an independent variable affecting outcome survival (P = 0.0004; FIGO stage, P = 0.22) (hazard ratio = 6.5: well versus poor differentiation, 95% confidence interval, 1.7-25.5). CONCLUSION When surgical cytoreduction to no visible disease has been achieved in women with stage II and III epithelial ovarian cancer, FIGO stage, i.e., site and size of tumor masses prior to surgical cytoreduction, does not appear to influence outcome survival. The aggressiveness of the remaining microscopic disease would seem to be determined largely by histological grade. Bearing in mind the retrospective nature of this study and the relatively small cohort of patients, the results would appear to suggest that it is unlikely that there are any other significant parameters (hidden factors) affecting tumor biology which are independent of tumor grade in these patients. A possible implication of this result is that complete surgical cytoreduction confers a survival benefit by producing a biologically more homogeneous tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naik
- Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead NE9 6SX, United Kingdom
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