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Novotna B, Pelclova D, Rossnerova A, Zdimal V, Ondracek J, Lischkova L, Vlckova S, Fenclova Z, Klusackova P, Zavodna T, Topinka J, Komarc M, Dvorackova S, Rossner P. The genotoxic effects in the leukocytes of workers handling nanocomposite materials. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:331-340. [PMID: 32701136 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials poses a number of questions to toxicologists about the potential health risks of exposure to nanoparticles (NP). In this study, we analysed DNA damage in the leukocytes of 20 workers who were long-term exposed (18 ± 10 years) to NP in their working environment. Blood samples were collected in September 2016, before and after a shift, to assess (i) the chronic effects of NP on DNA (pre-shift samples) and (ii) the acute effects of exposure during the shift (the difference between pre- and post-shift samples). The samples from matched controls were taken in parallel with workers before the shift. Leukocytes were isolated from heparinised blood on a Ficoll gradient. The enzyme-modified comet assay (DNA formamido-pyrimidine-glycosylase and endonuclease III) demonstrated a considerable increase of both single- and double-strand breaks in DNA (DNA-SB) and oxidised bases when compared with the controls (2.4× and 2×, respectively). Acute exposure induced a further increase of DNA-SB. The welding and smelting of nanocomposites represented a higher genotoxic risk than milling and grinding of nanocomposite surfaces. Obesity appeared to be a factor contributing to an increased risk of oxidative damage to DNA. The data also indicated a higher susceptibility of males vs. females to NP exposure. The study was repeated in September 2017. The results exhibited similar trend, but the levels of DNA damage in the exposed subjects were lower compared to previous year. This was probably associated with lower exposure to NP in consequence of changes in nanomaterial composition and working operations. The further study involving also monitoring of personal exposures to NP is necessary to identify (i) the main aerosol components responsible for genotoxic effects in workers handling nanocomposites and (ii) the primary cause of gender differences in response to NP action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Novotna
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Pelclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Rossnerova
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Zdimal
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lischkova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Vlckova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Fenclova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Klusackova
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tana Zavodna
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Komarc
- Department of Occupational Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojisti, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepanka Dvorackova
- Department of Machining and Assembly, Department of Engineering Technology, Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University in Liberec, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Studentská, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Rossner
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Ozone is a major component of air pollution and carries potentially mutagenic and harmful affects to health. The oxidation of isolated calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) led to the nearly quantitative loss of normal DNA 2'-deoxyribonucleosides in the following order: T > G > C ≫ A. The major modification of pyrimidines (T, C, and 5-methylcytosine (5mC)) was the corresponding 5-hydroxyhydantoin derivative after complete digestion of DNA to its component 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. The oxidation of 5mC was 2.5-fold more susceptible than C considering the relative mole fraction of 5mC to C in CT-DNA. Other common oxidation products of pyrimidines (e.g., 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydropyrimidines, the so-called pyrimidine 5,6-glycols) were formed with a lower yield than 5-hydroxyhydantoin derivatives. In addition, several common oxidation products of G were observed (e.g., 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8oxoG)) albeit with relatively minor yields. The sum of individual products was notably less than the loss of 2'-deoxyribonucleosides from which they were derived. In a search for additional products, we discovered the formation of pyrimidine ring fragments, predominantly N-formamide and N-urea, which were measured as a dinucleotide next to a nonmodified nucleotide upon partial digestion of oxidized DNA. Interestingly, the latter fragments were also observed in dinucleotides containing 8oxoG, indicating the formation of tandem lesions during ozonolysis of DNA. The oxidation of DNA upon exposure to ozone can be explained by reactions of an intermediate ozonide. These studies underline the complexity of ozone-induced DNA damage and provide valuable information to assess the formation of this damage in cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Guru S Madugundu
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4
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Azqueta A, Ladeira C, Giovannelli L, Boutet-Robinet E, Bonassi S, Neri M, Gajski G, Duthie S, Del Bo' C, Riso P, Koppen G, Basaran N, Collins A, Møller P. Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2020; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Castro-Gamboa S, Garcia-Garcia MR, Piñon-Zarate G, Rojas-Lemus M, Jarquin-Yañez K, Angel Herrera-Enriquez M, Fortoul TI, Toledano-Magaña Y, Garcia-Iglesias T, Pestryakov A, Eliu Castell-Rodriguez A, Bogdanchikova N. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells: Implications for phenotype. J Immunotoxicol 2019; 16:54-62. [PMID: 30938211 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1584652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are one of the most studied nanoparticles due to their anti-bacterial, -fungal, -viral, -parasitic, and -inflammatory properties. This raises the need to evaluate the toxicity and biological effects of AgNP in the immune system in order to develop new safer biomedical products. In this study, an AgNP formulation currently approved for veterinary applications was applied to mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC), considered important antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and any significant influence on expression of cellular markers associated with BMDC phenotype and maturation status. The results showed that after 12 h of AgNP exposure, a significant decrease in BMDC viability occurred at the highest concentration tested (1.0 µg AgNP/ml) and at lower doses, the cells maintained membrane integrity and metabolic activity. DNA damage was not significant with any AgNP level aside from the 1.0 µg AgNP/ml level. Regarding phenotype, no differences in expression of CD40 (co-stimulatory molecule highly present in mature BMDC) or in CD273 (a marker for inhibitory T-cell response) were observed. The current results showed that the toxicity of this AgNP formulation was dose-related. The findings also suggest BMDC could maintain structural conservation of co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory surface molecules after 12 h of exposure to this AgNP. This work represents the first step in identifying the toxic effects of this AgNP formulation on dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Castro-Gamboa
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Department of Health Sciences, Los Altos University Center (CUAltos), University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Maritza Roxana Garcia-Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Los Altos University Center (CUAltos), University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Jalisco, Mexico.,International Program of Medicine, Autonomous University of Guadalajara (UAG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Piñon-Zarate
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Katia Jarquin-Yañez
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Herrera-Enriquez
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Trinidad Garcia-Iglesias
- Department of Physiology, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Ensenada B.C., Mexico
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Møller P, Hemmingsen JG, Jensen DM, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Cao Y, Kermanizadeh A, Klingberg H, Christophersen DV, Hersoug LG, Loft S. Applications of the comet assay in particle toxicology: air pollution and engineered nanomaterials exposure. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:67-83. [PMID: 25527730 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particles is associated with elevated levels of DNA strand breaks (SBs) and endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites in cell cultures, animals and humans. In both animals and cell cultures, increases in SB and in oxidatively damaged DNA are seen after exposure to a range of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerene C60, ZnO, silver and gold. Exposure to TiO2 has generated mixed data with regard to SB and oxidatively damaged DNA in cell cultures. Nanosilica does not seem to be associated with generation of FPG-sensitive sites in cell cultures, while large differences in SB generation between studies have been noted. Single-dose airway exposure to nanosized carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in animal models seems to be associated with elevated DNA damage levels in lung tissue in comparison to similar exposure to TiO2 and fullerene C60. Oral exposure has been associated with augmented DNA damage levels in cells of internal organs, although the doses have been typically very high. Intraveneous and intraperitoneal injection of ENMs have shown contradictory results dependent on the type of ENM and dose in each set of experiments. In conclusion, the exposure to both combustion-derived particles and ENMs is associated with increased levels of DNA damage in the comet assay. Particle size, composition and crystal structure of ENM are considered important determinants of toxicity, whereas their combined contributions to genotoxicity in the comet assay are yet to be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jette Gjerke Hemmingsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dorina Gabriela Karottki
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Kim Jantzen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Henrik Klingberg
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Daniel Vest Christophersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lars-Georg Hersoug
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Rojas E, Lorenzo Y, Haug K, Nicolaissen B, Valverde M. Epithelial cells as alternative human biomatrices for comet assay. Front Genet 2014; 5:386. [PMID: 25506353 PMCID: PMC4246922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The comet assay is a valuable experimental tool aimed at mapping DNA damage in human cells in vivo for environmental and occupational monitoring, as well as for therapeutic purposes, such as storage prior to transplant, during tissue engineering, and in experimental ex vivo assays. Furthermore, due to its great versatility, the comet assay allows to explore the use of alternative cell types to assess DNA damage, such as epithelial cells. Epithelial cells, as specialized components of many organs, have the potential to serve as biomatrices that can be used to evaluate genotoxicity and may also serve as early effect biomarkers. Furthermore, 80% of solid cancers are of epithelial origin, which points to the importance of studying DNA damage in these tissues. Indeed, studies including comet assay in epithelial cells have either clear clinical applications (lens and corneal epithelial cells) or examine genotoxicity within human biomonitoring and in vitro studies. We here review improvements in determining DNA damage using the comet assay by employing lens, corneal, tear duct, buccal, and nasal epithelial cells. For some of these tissues invasive sampling procedures are needed. Desquamated epithelial cells must be obtained and dissociated prior to examination using the comet assay, and such procedures may induce varying amounts of DNA damage. Buccal epithelial cells require lysis enriched with proteinase K to obtain free nucleosomes. Over a 30 year period, the comet assay in epithelial cells has been little employed, however its use indicates that it could be an extraordinary tool not only for risk assessment, but also for diagnosis, prognosis of treatments and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Rojas
- Depto. Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México, México
| | - Yolanda Lorenzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristiane Haug
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Nicolaissen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Eye Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway
| | - Mahara Valverde
- Depto. Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México, México
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7
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Møller P, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Klingberg H, Jensen DM, Christophersen DV, Hemmingsen JG, Cao Y, Loft S. Oxidative stress and inflammation generated DNA damage by exposure to air pollution particles. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research 2014; 762:133-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rojas-lemus M, Altamirano-lozano M, Fortoul TI. Sex differences in blood genotoxic and cytotoxic effects as a consequence of vanadium inhalation: micronucleus assay evaluation: Gender differences in vanadium genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:258-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Rivera N, Rojas M, Zepeda A, Malagón F, Arán VJ, Marrero-Ponce Y, Rivera E, Fortoul TI. In vivogenotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of a novel quinoxalinone with trichomonacide activity. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:1493-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rivera
- Laboratorio de Malariología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Marcela Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Armando Zepeda
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Filiberto Malagón
- Laboratorio de Malariología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
| | - Vicente J. Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC; c/ Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid España
| | - Yovani Marrero-Ponce
- Unit of Computer-Aided Molecular “Biosilico” Discovery and Bioinformatic Research, Faculty of Chemistry-Pharmacy; Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas; Santa Clara 54830 Villa Clara Cuba
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Unidad Cuajimalpa México DF
| | - Teresa I. Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF 04510
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Isabel RRM, Sandra GA, Rafael VP, Carmen MV, Josefina CE, del Carmen CEM, Rocío GM, Francisco AH, Elena CSM. Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct levels and DNA strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposedin vitroto polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with or without animal metabolic activation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 22:170-83. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.623330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Knasmueller S, Holland N, Wultsch G, Jandl B, Burgaz S, Misík M, Nersesyan A. Use of nasal cells in micronucleus assays and other genotoxicity studies. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:231-8. [PMID: 21164207 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity experiments with exfoliated nasal mucosa cells are a promising minimally invasive approach for the detection of DNA-damaging compounds in ambient air. Results of single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assays with individual cells and organ cultures from bioptic material show that DNA damage caused by compounds such as nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides can be detected. Biochemical studies indicate that enzymes involved in the metabolism of environmental mutagens are represented in nasal cells. Several protocols for experiments with nasal cells have been developed and it was shown that formaldehyde, metals, styrene and crystalline silica induce DNA damage in SCGE and/or in micronucleus studies; furthermore, it was also found that polluted urban air causes DNA instability in nasal epithelial cells. Comparisons of these data with results obtained in lymphocytes and buccal cells indicate that nasal cells are in general equally sensitive. Broad variations in the baseline levels, differences of results obtained in various studies as well as the lack of information concerning the impact of confounding factors on the outcome of experiments with these cells indicate the need for further standardisation of the experimental protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Fortoul TI, Rojas-Lemus M, Avila-Casado MC, Rodriguez-Lara V, Montaño LF, Muñoz-Comonfort A, Lopez-Zepeda LS. Endogenous antioxidants and nasal human epithelium response to air pollutants: genotoxic and inmmuno-cytochemical evaluation. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 30:661-5. [PMID: 20981858 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nasal epithelium is a source for identifying atmospheric pollution impact. Antioxidants play a relevant role in the protection of the cells from environmental injury, but scarce information is available about the interaction of endogenous antioxidants and genotoxic damage in nasal epithelium from urban populations highly exposed to traffic-generated air pollutants. An immunocytochemical and genotoxic evaluation was implemented in nasal cell epithelium in a population chronically exposed to atmospheric pollution from autumn 2004 to autumn 2005. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) were evaluated in nasal scrapings by morphometry and genotoxicity by comet assay. An increase in DNA damage correlates with a decrease in SOD and CAT in nasal cells during autumn and the inverse result was observed during summer (R = 0.88). Not only should exogenous antioxidant supplements be encouraged, but also a healthy diet to strengthen intracellular defenses against oxidative stress induced by exposure to air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Fortoul
- Cellular and Tissular Biology Department, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU) Kjeller Norway
- Research Base of Slovak Medical University Bratislava Slovakia
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Holzer J, Voss B, Karroum S, Hildmann H, Wilhelm M. A comparative study of chemically induced DNA damage in isolated nasal mucosa cells of humans and rats assessed by the alkaline comet assay. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008; 71:936-946. [PMID: 18569599 DOI: 10.1080/15287390801988954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell microgel electrophoresis (comet) assay was used to study genotoxic effects in human nasal mucosa cells and rat nasal and ethmoidal mucosa cells in vitro. Human cells were obtained from tissue samples of 10 patients (3 females/7 males), who underwent surgery (conchotomy) for treatment of nasal airway obstruction. Rat nasal mucosa cells were derived from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cells were exposed for 1 h to either N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), epichlorohydrin (EPI), 1,2-epoxybutane (EPB), ethylene dibromide (EDB), or 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as negative control. Alkaline comet assay was performed according to a standard protocol and DNA damage was quantified as Olive tail moment using image analysis system. All test substances induced an increase in DNA damage in human and rat cells. The absolute amount of DNA damage in rat nasal mucosa cells was usually higher than in ethmoidal mucosa cells. Human nasal mucosa cells were found to be less sensitive than rat mucosa cells to the genotoxic activities of DBCP (lowest effective concentration in human cells [LEC(human)]: 1.5, in rat cells [LEC(rat)]: 0.01 mM) and NDELA (LEC(human): 25, LEC(rat): 12.5 mM), whereas EPB-treated cells were almost equal (LEC(human) and LEC(rat) 0.78 mM). NDELA induced a marked concomitant cytotoxicity. For EPI (LEC(human) and LEC(rat): 0.097 mM) and EDB (LEC(human): 0.195, LEC(rat): 0.048 mM), pronounced interindividual differences were observed in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Holzer
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, MA 1/33, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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15
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Mussali-Galante P, Avila-Costa MR, Piñón-Zarate G, Martínez-Levy G, Rodríguez-Lara V, Rojas-Lemus M, Avila-Casado MC, Fortoul TI. DNA damage as an early biomarker of effect in human health. Toxicol Ind Health 2005; 21:155-66. [PMID: 16149730 DOI: 10.1191/0748233705th224oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades the need for new approaches to assess DNA damage has been increasing due to the implications that different insults on genetic material may have on human health. In this context, the identification of how chemical agents with different mechanisms of action (i.e., antineoplastic drugs) damage DNA provides a good model to investigate some cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the basis of genetic toxicology. The nasal epithelium is the first barrier with which environmental pollutants interact, and for this reason this epithelium can be useful as a sentinel in order to assess the interactions between the environment and the living organisms. Taking these phenomena into account and using a simple, sensitive and rapid method such as the single cell gel electrophoresis, we could obtain information and an initial approach on the DNA status. This assay in combination with other techniques that provide more information about other molecular parameters could give us a better view of the biological status of the living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mussali-Galante
- Depto. Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México City, México
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16
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Vinzents PS, Møller P, Sørensen M, Knudsen LE, Hertel O, Jensen FP, Schibye B, Loft S. Personal exposure to ultrafine particles and oxidative DNA damage. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:1485-90. [PMID: 16263500 PMCID: PMC1310907 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) from vehicle exhaust has been related to risk of cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and cancer, even though exposure assessment is difficult. We studied personal exposure in terms of number concentrations of UFPs in the breathing zone, using portable instruments in six 18-hr periods in 15 healthy nonsmoking subjects. Exposure contrasts of outdoor pollution were achieved by bicycling in traffic for 5 days and in the laboratory for 1 day. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed as strand breaks and oxidized purines in mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood the morning after exposure measurement. Cumulated outdoor and cumulated indoor exposures to UFPs each were independent significant predictors of the level of purine oxidation in DNA but not of strand breaks. Ambient air concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of < or = 10 microm (PM10), nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and/or number concentration of UFPs at urban background or busy street monitoring stations was not a significant predictor of DNA damage, although personal UFP exposure was correlated with urban background concentrations of CO and NO2, particularly during bicycling in traffic. The results indicate that biologic effects of UFPs occur at modest exposure, such as that occurring in traffic, which supports the relationship of UFPs and the adverse health effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Vinzents
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The mechanisms of PM-induced health effects are believed to involve inflammation and oxidative stress. The oxidative stress mediated by PM may arise from direct generation of reactive oxygen species from the surface of particles, soluble compounds such as transition metals or organic compounds, altered function of mitochondria or NADPH-oxidase, and activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating ROS and reactive nitrogen species. Resulting oxidative DNA damage may be implicated in cancer risk and may serve as marker for oxidative stress relevant for other ailments caused by particulate air pollution. There is overwhelming evidence from animal experimental models, cell culture experiments, and cell free systems that exposure to diesel exhaust and diesel exhaust particles causes oxidative DNA damage. Similarly, various preparations of ambient air PM induce oxidative DNA damage in in vitro systems, whereas in vivo studies are scarce. Studies with various model/surrogate particle preparations, such as carbon black, suggest that the surface area is the most important determinant of effect for ultrafine particles (diameter less than 100 nm), whereas chemical composition may be more important for larger particles. The knowledge concerning mechanisms of action of PM has prompted the use of markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage for human biomonitoring in relation to ambient air. By means of personal monitoring and biomarkers a few studies have attempted to characterize individual exposure, explore mechanisms and identify significant sources to size fractions of ambient air PM with respect to relevant biological effects. In these studies guanine oxidation in DNA has been correlated with exposure to PM(2.5) and ultrafine particles outdoor and indoor. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage appears to an important mechanism of action of urban particulate air pollution. Related biomarkers and personal monitoring may be useful tools for risk characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Risom
- Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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18
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Ito K, Inoue S, Hiraku Y, Kawanishi S. Mechanism of site-specific DNA damage induced by ozone. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2005; 585:60-70. [PMID: 15923135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ozone has been shown to induce lung tumors in mice. The reactivity of ozone with DNA in an aqueous solution was investigated by a DNA sequencing technique using 32P-labeled DNA fragments. Ozone induced cleavages in the deoxyribose-phosphate backbone of double-stranded DNA, which were reduced by hydroxyl radical scavengers, suggesting the participation of hydroxyl radicals in the cleavages. The ozone-induced DNA cleavages were enhanced with piperidine treatment, which induces cleavages at sites of base modification, but the inhibitory effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers on the piperidine-induced cleavages was limited. Main piperidine-labile sites were guanine and thymine residues. Cleavages at some guanine and thymine residues after piperidine treatment became more predominant with denatured single-stranded DNA. Exposure of calf thymus DNA to ozone resulted in a dose-dependent increase of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine formation, which was partially inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers. ESR studies using 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) showed that aqueous ozone produced the hydroxyl radical adduct of DMPO. In addition, the fluorescein-dependent chemiluminescence was detected during the decomposition of ozone in a buffer solution and the enhancing effect of D2O was observed, suggesting the formation of singlet oxygen. However, no or little enhancing effect of D2O on the ozone-induced DNA damage was observed. These results suggest that DNA backbone cleavages were caused by ozone via the production of hydroxyl radicals, while DNA base modifications were mainly caused by ozone itself and the participation of hydroxyl radicals and/or singlet oxygen in base modifications is small, if any. A possible link of ozone-induced DNA damage to inflammation-associated carcinogenesis as well as air pollution-related carcinogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Ito
- Department of Life Science, Tsu City College, Mie 514-0112, Japan
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Fortoul TI, Moncada-Hernández S, Saldivar-Osorio L, Espejel-Maya G, Mussali-Galante P, del Carmen Avila-Casado M, Colín-Barenque L, Hernández-Serrato MI, Avila-Costa MR. Sex differences in bronchiolar epithelium response after the inhalation of lead acetate (Pb). Toxicology 2005; 207:323-30. [PMID: 15596262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify if there were sex differences in lead (Pb) lung concentrations and in bronchiolar response after its inhalation, a mice inhalation model was conducted. Sixty CD-1 adult mice from each sex inhaled separately, lead acetate 0.1 M for 1 h, thrice weekly during 15 days. Animals were evaluated for Pb-lung concentrations by atomic absorption spectrometry and for morphological evaluation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Higher Pb-lung concentrations were determined in females, however, more cell damage was found in males, finding that correlated with an increased loss of the nonciliated bronchiolar cells (NCBC) more sloughing and necrosis. Differences in particle clearance, oxidative stress handling, cytokines pathway activation and cytochrome P450 enzymes activity, all influenced by sex hormones, might be a possible explanation for our findings. The relevance of further studies in this field is stressed, as well as its relation to the different development expected for each sex in disease evolution, possible complications and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Imelda Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Edificio A 3er piso, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, C.P. 04510 México City, Mexico.
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