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Han J, Balasubramanian I, Flores JA, Bandyopadhyay S, Yang J, Liu Y, Singh R, Setty P, Kiela P, Ferraris R, Gao N. Intestinal lysozyme engagement of Salmonella Typhimurium stimulates the release of barrier-impairing InvE and Lpp1. J Biol Chem 2024:107424. [PMID: 38823640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lysozyme is a β-1,4-glycosidase that hydrolyzes the polysaccharide backbone of bacterial cell walls. With an additional bactericidal function mediated by a separate protein domain, lysozyme is considered as a uniquely important antimicrobial molecule contributing to the host's innate immune response to infection. Elevated lysozyme production is found in various inflammatory conditions while patients with genetic risks for inflammatory bowel diseases demonstrate abnormal lysozyme expression, granule packaging, and secretion in Paneth cells. However, it remains unclear how a gain- or loss-of-function in host lysozyme may impact the host inflammatory responses to pathogenic infection. METHODS We challenged Lyz1-/- and ectopic Lyz1-expressing (Villin-Lyz1TG) mice with S. Typhimurium then comprehensively assessed the inflammatory disease progression. We conducted proteomics analysis to identify molecules derived from human lysozyme-mediated processing of live Salmonella. We examined the barrier-impairing effects of these identified molecules in human intestinal epithelial cell monolayer and enteroids. RESULTS Lyz1-/- mice are protected from infection in terms of morbidity, mortality, and barrier integrity, whereas Villin-Lyz1TG mice demonstrate exacerbated infection and inflammation. The growth and invasion of Salmonella in vitro are not affected by human or chicken lysozyme, whereas lysozyme encountering of live Salmonella stimulates the release of barrier-disrupting factors, InvE-sipC and Lpp1, which directly or indirectly impair the tight junctions. CONCLUSION The direct engagement of host intestinal lysozyme with an enteric pathogen such as Salmonella promotes the release of virulence factors that are barrier-impairing and pro-inflammatory. Controlling lysozyme function may help alleviate the inflammatory progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmeng Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Juan A Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | | | - Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Prashanth Setty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Pawel Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ronaldo Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey.
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Peng L, Shi Y, Deng J, Chen J, Xiang P, Zhong X. DANCR maintained colon epithelial homeostasis by regulating the TNFα/NF-κB pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 723:150176. [PMID: 38820627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial homeostasis is fundamental for the physiological functions of colon tissue. Dysregulation of colon epithelial structure leads to abnormal immune responses and diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. In this work we found long non-coding RNA DANCR was a novel regulator to colon epithelial homeostasis. Silencing DANCR resulted in decreased expression of epithelial barrier proteins and enhanced susceptibility to TNFα stimulation, which was accompanied by hyperactivation of the NF-κB pathway. Mechanistical studies revealed DANCR modulated the expression of a protein methyltransferase SET7 to suppress responses to TNFα, as well as the activity of NF-κB pathway. In summary, DANCR regulated colon epithelial homeostasis through modulating the TNFα/NF-κB axis. These findings cast light on the discovery of novel regulators to colon epithelial homeostasis and added new evidence to the physiological functions of DANCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Peng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingpeng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Wei S, Su Y, Yang X, Su S, Lan L, Chen X, Huang T, Shan Q. Protective effect of zinc gluconate on intestinal mucosal barrier injury in antibiotics and LPS-induced mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407091. [PMID: 38855764 PMCID: PMC11157515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the function and mechanism of Zinc Gluconate (ZG) on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in antibiotics and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. Methods We established a composite mouse model by inducing intestinal mucosal barrier damage using antibiotics and LPS. The animals were divided into five groups: Control (normal and model) and experimental (low, medium, and high-dose ZG treatments). We evaluated the intestinal mucosal barrier using various methods, including monitoring body weight and fecal changes, assessing pathological damage and ultrastructure of the mouse ileum, analyzing expression levels of tight junction (TJ)-related proteins and genes, confirming the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and examining the structure of the intestinal flora. Results In mice, the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS led to weight loss, fecal abnormalities, disruption of ileocecal mucosal structure, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and disorganization of the microbiota structure. ZG restored body weight, alleviated diarrheal symptoms and pathological damage, and maintained the structural integrity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Additionally, ZG reduced intestinal mucosal permeability by upregulating TJ-associated proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and JAM-A) and downregulating MLCK, thereby repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage induced by dual induction of antibiotics and LPS. Moreover, ZG suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties and preserving barrier integrity. Furthermore, ZG restored gut microbiota diversity and richness, evidenced by increased Shannon and Observed features indices, and decreased Simpson's index. ZG also modulated the relative abundance of beneficial human gut bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia) and harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria and Enterobacter), repairing the damage induced by dual administration of antibiotics and LPS. Conclusion ZG attenuates the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage and also protects the intestinal barrier function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sumei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiqi Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liancheng Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Tharabenjasin P, Moonwiriyakit A, Sontikun J, Timpratueang K, Kuno S, Aiebchun T, Jongkon N, Mongkolrob R, Pabalan N, Choowongkomon K, Muanprasat C. The barrier-protective effect of β-eudesmol against type 2-inflammatory cytokine-induced tight junction disassembly in airway epithelial cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302851. [PMID: 38687777 PMCID: PMC11060601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic inflammation, which is the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, is associated with disruption of the airway epithelial barrier due to the effects of type 2 inflammatory cytokines, i.e. interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 (IL-4/13). The anti-allergic inflammatory effect of β-eudesmol (BE) on the tight junction (TJ) of the airway epithelium has not previously been reported. Herein, the barrier protective effect of BE was determined by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance and by paracellular permeability assay in an IL-4/13-treated 16HBE14o- monolayer. Pre-treatment of BE concentration- and time- dependently inhibited IL-4/13-induced TJ barrier disruption, with the most significant effect observed at 20 μM. Cytotoxicity analyses showed that BE, either alone or in combination with IL-4/13, had no effect on cell viability. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that BE inhibited IL-4/13-induced mislocalization of TJ components, including occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), without affecting the expression of these two proteins. In addition, the mechanism of the TJ-protective effect of BE was mediated by inhibition of IL-4/13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, in which BE might serve as an antagonist of cytokine receptors. In silico molecular docking analysis demonstrated that BE potentially interacted with the site I pocket of the type 2 IL-4 receptor, likely at Asn-126 and Tyr-127 amino acid residues. It can therefore be concluded that BE is able to prevent IL-4/13-induced TJ disassembly by interfering with cytokine-receptor interaction, leading to suppression of STAT6-induced mislocalization of occludin and ZO-1. BE is a promising candidate for a therapeutic intervention for inflammatory airway epithelial disorders driven by IL-4/13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Jenjira Sontikun
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Kanokphorn Timpratueang
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Suhaibee Kuno
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Thitinan Aiebchun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathjanan Jongkon
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rungrawee Mongkolrob
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Klongluang, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan, Thailand
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Luu LDW, Pandey A, Paramsothy S, Ngo C, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Liu C, Kamm MA, Borody TJ, Man SM, Kaakoush NO. Profiling the colonic mucosal response to fecal microbiota transplantation identifies a role for GBP5 in colitis in humans and mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2645. [PMID: 38531874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Host molecular responses to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis are not well understood. Here, we profile the human colonic mucosal transcriptome prior to and following FMT or placebo to identify molecules regulated during disease remission. FMT alters the transcriptome above the effect of placebo (n = 75 vs 3 genes, q < 0.05), including modulation of structural, metabolic and inflammatory pathways. This response is attributed to responders with no consistency observed in non-responders. Regulated pathways in responders include tight junctions, calcium signalling and xenobiotic metabolism. Genes significantly regulated longitudinally in responders post-FMT could discriminate them from responders and non-responders at baseline and non-responders post-FMT, with GBP5 and IRF4 downregulation being associated with remission. Female mice with a deletion of GBP5 are more resistant to developing colitis than their wild-type littermates, showing higher colonic IRF4 phosphorylation. The colonic mucosal response discriminates UC remission following FMT, with GBP5 playing a detrimental role in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence D W Luu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Abhimanu Pandey
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Sudarshan Paramsothy
- Concord Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - Chinh Ngo
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Cheng Liu
- Conjoint Gastroenterology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Michael A Kamm
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Segui-Perez C, Stapels DAC, Ma Z, Su J, Passchier E, Westendorp B, Wubbolts RW, Wu W, van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. MUC13 negatively regulates tight junction proteins and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via protein kinase C. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261468. [PMID: 38345099 PMCID: PMC10984281 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated mucin proteins contribute to the essential barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. The transmembrane mucin MUC13 is an abundant intestinal glycoprotein with important functions for mucosal maintenance that are not yet completely understood. We demonstrate that in human intestinal epithelial monolayers, MUC13 localized to both the apical surface and the tight junction (TJ) region on the lateral membrane. MUC13 deletion resulted in increased transepithelial resistance (TEER) and reduced translocation of small solutes. TEER buildup in ΔMUC13 cells could be prevented by addition of MLCK, ROCK or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. The levels of TJ proteins including claudins and occludin were highly increased in membrane fractions of MUC13 knockout cells. Removal of the MUC13 cytoplasmic tail (CT) also altered TJ composition but did not affect TEER. The increased buildup of TJ complexes in ΔMUC13 and MUC13-ΔCT cells was dependent on PKC. The responsible PKC member might be PKCδ (or PRKCD) based on elevated protein levels in the absence of full-length MUC13. Our results demonstrate for the first time that a mucin protein can negatively regulate TJ function and stimulate intestinal barrier permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Segui-Perez
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne A. C. Stapels
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziliang Ma
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 138648 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinyi Su
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elsemieke Passchier
- UMAB, Department of Laboratory Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W. Wubbolts
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 138648 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jos P. M. van Putten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Stepanova M, Aherne CM. Adenosine in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:381. [PMID: 38474346 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
At the intestinal front, several lines of defense are in place to resist infection and injury, the mucus layer, gut microbiome and strong epithelial junctions, to name a few. Their collaboration creates a resilient barrier. In intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), barrier function is compromised, which results in rampant inflammation and tissue injury. In response to the destruction, the intestinal epithelium releases adenosine, a small but powerful nucleoside that functions as an alarm signal. Amidst the chaos of inflammation, adenosine aims to restore order. Within the scope of its effects is the ability to regulate intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. This review aims to define the contributions of adenosine to mucus production, microbiome-dependent barrier protection, tight junction dynamics, chloride secretion and acid-base balance to reinforce its importance in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Stepanova
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carol M Aherne
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Hartley VL, Qaqish AM, Wood MJ, Studnicka BT, Iwai K, Liu TC, MacDuff DA. HOIL1 Regulates Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Colon and Protects against Systemic Dissemination, Colonic Ulceration, and Lethality from Citrobacter rodentium Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1823-1834. [PMID: 37902285 PMCID: PMC10841105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL1)-deficient patients experience chronic intestinal inflammation and diarrhea as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. HOIL1 is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex that regulates immune signaling pathways, including NF-κB-activating pathways. We have shown previously that HOIL1 is essential for survival following Citrobacter rodentium gastrointestinal infection of mice, but the mechanism of protection by HOIL1 was not examined. C. rodentium is an important murine model for human attaching and effacing pathogens, enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea and foodborne illnesses and lead to severe disease in children and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, we found that C. rodentium infection resulted in severe colitis and dissemination of C. rodentium to systemic organs in HOIL1-deficient mice. HOIL1 was important in the innate immune response to limit early replication and dissemination of C. rodentium. Using bone marrow chimeras and cell type-specific knockout mice, we found that HOIL1 functioned in radiation-resistant cells and partly in radiation-sensitive cells and in myeloid cells to limit disease, but it was dispensable in intestinal epithelial cells. HOIL1 deficiency significantly impaired the expansion of group 3 innate lymphoid cells and their production of IL-22 during C. rodentium infection. Understanding the role HOIL1 plays in type 3 inflammation and in limiting the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing lesion-forming bacteria will provide further insight into the innate immune response to gastrointestinal pathogens and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hartley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Arwa M Qaqish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Matthew J Wood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian T Studnicka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ta-Chiang Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Donna A MacDuff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Dunleavy KA, Raffals LE, Camilleri M. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Underpinning Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4306-4320. [PMID: 37773554 PMCID: PMC10798146 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is composed of several essential elements including luminal enzymes, bile acids, water layer, epithelial layer, and enterocyte layer. It acts as a dynamic interface between the luminal contents of food, commensal and pathogenic bacteria, and the gastrointestinal tract. The role of barrier dysfunction is of significant research interest in the development and targeted treatment of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease. This review aims to examine the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, the pathophysiology of increased barrier permeability in inflammatory bowel disease, and to explore potential treatment targets and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Dunleavy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura E Raffals
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Liu RD, Meng XY, Li CL, Lin XZ, Xu QY, Xu H, Long SR, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Trichinella spiralis cathepsin L damages the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells and mediates larval invasion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011816. [PMID: 38048314 PMCID: PMC10721182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin L, a lysosomal enzyme, participates in diverse physiological processes. Recombinant Trichinella spiralis cathepsin L domains (rTsCatL2) exhibited natural cysteine protease activity and hydrolyzed host immunoglobulin and extracellular matrix proteins in vitro, but its functions in larval invasion are unknown. The aim of this study was to explore its functions in T. spiralis invasion of the host's intestinal epithelial cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS RNAi significantly suppressed the expression of TsCatL mRNA and protein with TsCatL specific siRNA-302. T. spiralis larval invasion of Caco-2 cells was reduced by 39.87% and 38.36%, respectively, when anti-TsCatL2 serum and siRNA-302 were used. Mice challenged with siRNA-302-treated muscle larvae (ML) exhibited a substantial reduction in intestinal infective larvae, adult worm, and ML burden compared to the PBS group, with reductions of 44.37%, 47.57%, and 57.06%, respectively. The development and fecundity of the females from the mice infected with siRNA-302-treated ML was significantly inhibited. After incubation of rTsCatL2 with Caco-2 cells, immunofluorescence test showed that the rTsCatL2 gradually entered into the cells, altered the localization of cellular tight junction proteins (claudin 1, occludin and zo-1), adhesion junction protein (e-cadherin) and extracellular matrix protein (laminin), and intercellular junctions were lost. Western blot showed a 58.65% reduction in claudin 1 expression in Caco-2 cells treated with rTsCatL2. Co-IP showed that rTsCatL2 interacted with laminin and collagen I but not with claudin 1, e-cadherin, occludin and fibronectin in Caco-2 cells. Moreover, rTsCatL2 disrupted the intestinal epithelial barrier by inducing cellular autophagy. CONCLUSIONS rTsCatL2 disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier and facilitates T. spiralis larval invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang Yu Meng
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chen Le Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xin Zhi Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qiu Yi Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Shao Rong Long
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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11
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Schneemann M, Heils L, Moos V, Weiß F, Krug SM, Weiner J, Beule D, Gerhard R, Schulzke JD, Bücker R. A Colonic Organoid Model Challenged with the Large Toxins of Clostridioides difficile TcdA and TcdB Exhibit Deregulated Tight Junction Proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:643. [PMID: 37999506 PMCID: PMC10674794 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB are responsible for diarrhea and colitis. Lack of functional studies in organoid models of the gut prompted us to elucidate the toxin's effects on epithelial barrier function and the molecular mechanisms for diarrhea and inflammation. METHODS Human adult colon organoids were cultured on membrane inserts. Tight junction (TJ) proteins and actin cytoskeleton were analyzed for expression via Western blotting and via confocal laser-scanning microscopy for subcellular localization. RESULTS Polarized intestinal organoid monolayers were established from stem cell-containing colon organoids to apply toxins from the apical side and to perform functional measurements in the organoid model. The toxins caused a reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance in human colonic organoid monolayers with sublethal concentrations. Concomitantly, we detected increased paracellular permeability fluorescein and FITC-dextran-4000. Human colonic organoid monolayers exposed to the toxins exhibited redistribution of barrier-forming TJ proteins claudin-1, -4 and tricellulin, whereas channel-forming claudin-2 expression was increased. Perijunctional F-actin cytoskeleton organization was affected. CONCLUSIONS Adult stem cell-derived human colonic organoid monolayers were applicable as a colon infection model for electrophysiological measurements. The TJ changes noted can explain the epithelial barrier dysfunction and diarrhea in patients, as well as increased entry of luminal antigens triggering inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schneemann
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas Heils
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Weiß
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne M. Krug
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics (CUBI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Gerhard
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bücker
- Clinical Physiology, Nutritional Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Sienkiewicz M, Sroka K, Binienda A, Jurk D, Fichna J. A new face of old cells: An overview about the role of senescence and telomeres in inflammatory bowel diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102083. [PMID: 37802318 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a pivotal factor contributing to aging and the pathophysiology of age-related diseases. Despite the presence of inflammation and abnormal immune system function in both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and senescence, the relationship between the two remains largely unexplored. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the intricate connection between cellular senescence, telomeres, and IBD. The review highlights the presence of senescence markers, particularly p16 and p21, in IBD patients, suggesting their potential association with disease progression and mucosal inflammation. We emphasize the critical role of macrophages in eliminating senescent cells and how disturbance in effective clearance may contribute to persistent senescence and inflammation in IBD. Additionally, we shed light on the involvement of telomeres in IBD, as their dysfunction impairs enterocyte function and disrupts colonic barrier integrity, potentially exacerbating the pathogenesis of the disease. Targeting senescence and telomere dysfunctions holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to mitigate intestinal inflammation and alleviate symptoms in IBD patients. By unraveling the precise role of senescence in IBD, we can pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions that effectively address the underlying mechanisms of intestinal inflammation, offering hope for improved management and treatment of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Sroka
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Diana Jurk
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center On Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Rath T, Atreya R, Bodenschatz J, Uter W, Geppert CI, Vitali F, Zundler S, Waldner MJ, Hartmann A, Neurath MF. Healing of the epithelial barrier in the ileum is superior to endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting major adverse outcomes in ulcerative colitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1221449. [PMID: 37881628 PMCID: PMC10595008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1221449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Achieving endoscopic remission is a key therapeutic goal in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) that is associated with favorable long-term disease outcomes. Here, we prospectively compared the predictive value of endoscopic and/or histologic remission against ileal barrier healing for predicting long-term disease behavior in a large cohort of UC patients in clinical remission. Methods At baseline, UC patients in clinical remission underwent ileocolonoscopy with assessment of ileal barrier function by confocal endomicroscopy. Endoscopic and histologic disease activity and ileal barrier healing were scored using validated scores. During subsequent follow-up (FU), patients were closely monitored for clinical disease activity and occurrence of major adverse outcomes (MAO) defined as the following: disease relapse; UC-related hospitalization; UC-related surgery; necessity for initiation or dose escalation of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants, small molecules or biological therapy. Results Of the 73 UC patients included, 67% experienced MAO during a mean FU of 25 months. The probability of MAO-free survival was significantly higher in UC patients with endoscopic and/or histologic remission compared to patients with endoscopically and/or histologically active disease. Ileal barrier healing on endomicroscopy was highly accurate for predicting the further course of UC and outcompeted endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting MAO-free survival. Conclusion Ileal barrier healing in clinically remittent UC patients can accurately predict future MAO development and is superior in its predictive capabilities than endoscopic and histologic remission. Ileal barrier healing therefore represents a novel and superior surrogate parameter for stratification of UC patients according to their risk for development of complicated disease behavior. Clinical trial registration https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05157750, identifier NCT05157750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Bodenschatz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie DZI, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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14
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Kröhn L, Azabdaftari A, Heuberger J, Hudert C, Zilbauer M, Breiderhoff T, Bufler P. Modulation of intestinal IL-37 expression and its impact on the epithelial innate immune response and barrier integrity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1261666. [PMID: 37799712 PMCID: PMC10548260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1261666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Intestinal epithelial cells separate the luminal flora from lamina propria immune cells and regulate innate immune responses in the gut. An imbalance of the mucosal immune response and disrupted intestinal barrier integrity contribute to the evolution of inflammatory bowel diseases. Interleukin (IL)-37 has broad anti- inflammatory activity and is expressed by the human intestinal epithelium. Mice ectopically expressing human IL-37 show reduced epithelial damage and inflammation after DSS-induced colitis. Here, we investigated the impact of IL-37 on the innate immune response and tight junction protein expression of mouse intestinal organoids and the modulation of IL37 expression in human intestinal organoids. Methods Murine intestinal organoids were generated from IL-37tg and wildtype mice. Human ileal organoids were generated from healthy young donors. Results Expression of transgene IL-37 or recombinant IL-37 protein did not significantly reduce overall proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in murine intestinal organoids. However, higher IL37 expression correlated with a reduced proinflammatory cytokine response in murine colonic organoids. IL37 mRNA expression in human ileal organoids was modulated by proinflammatory cytokines showing an increased expression upon TNF-α-stimulation and decreased expression upon IFN-gamma stimulation. Transgene IL-37 expression did not rescue TNF-α-induced changes in morphology as well as ZO-1, occludin, claudin-2, and E-cadherin expression patterns of murine jejunal organoids. Conclusions We speculate that the anti-inflammatory activity of IL-37 in the intestine is mainly mediated by lamina propria immune cells protecting intestinal epithelial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kröhn
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aline Azabdaftari
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heuberger
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hudert
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome Trust–Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Wang YM, Abdullah S, Luebbering N, Langenberg L, Duell A, Lake K, Lane A, Hils B, Vazquez Silva O, Trapp M, Nalapareddy K, Koo J, Denson LA, Jodele S, Haslam DB, Faubion WA, Davies SM, Khandelwal P. Intestinal permeability in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation correlates with systemic acute phase responses and dysbiosis. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5137-5151. [PMID: 37083597 PMCID: PMC10480541 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal permeability may correlate with adverse outcomes during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but longitudinal quantification with traditional oral mannitol and lactulose is not feasible in HSCT recipients because of mucositis and diarrhea. A modified lactulose:rhamnose (LR) assay is validated in children with environmental enteritis. Our study objective was to quantify peri-HSCT intestinal permeability changes using the modified LR assay. The LR assay was administered before transplant, at day +7 and +30 to 80 pediatric and young adult patients who received allogeneic HSCT. Lactulose and rhamnose were detected using urine mass spectrometry and expressed as an L:R ratio. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing of stool for microbiome analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), ST2, REG3α, claudin1, occludin, and intestinal alkaline phosphatase were performed at the same timepoints. L:R ratios were increased at day +7 but returned to baseline at day +30 in most patients (P = .014). Conditioning regimen intensity did not affect the trajectory of L:R (P = .39). Baseline L:R ratios did not vary with diagnosis. L:R correlated with LBP levels (r2 = 0.208; P = .0014). High L:R ratios were associated with lower microbiome diversity (P = .035), loss of anaerobic organisms (P = .020), and higher plasma LBP (P = .0014). No adverse gastrointestinal effects occurred because of LR. Intestinal permeability as measured through L:R ratios after allogeneic HSCT correlates with intestinal dysbiosis and elevated plasma LBP. The LR assay is well-tolerated and may identify transplant recipients who are more likely to experience adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunZu Michele Wang
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sheyar Abdullah
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Nathan Luebbering
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lucille Langenberg
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alexandra Duell
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kelly Lake
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Adam Lane
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Brian Hils
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ormarie Vazquez Silva
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Monica Trapp
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kodandaramireddy Nalapareddy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jane Koo
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lee A. Denson
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sonata Jodele
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - David B. Haslam
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Stella M. Davies
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Pooja Khandelwal
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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16
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Fan YM, Wei YY, Wang HR, Yu-Ga, Zhang YN, Hao Z. Inhibitory effect of Portulaca oleracea L. aqueous extract and juice on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an ulcerative colitis mouse model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:86380-86394. [PMID: 37402916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) is an edible and medicinal plant used for treating gastrointestinal diseases. However, the effects of PO on ulcerative colitis (UC) and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of PO aqueous extract (POE) and PO juice (PJ) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in a mouse model and attempted to unravel their underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that PJ contains more bioactive compounds and has more overlapping targets with UC than POE. Both POE and PJ effectively reduced Disease Activity Index scores and inflammatory cell infiltration in the UC mouse model, but PJ had a better effect than POE. Furthermore, PJ inhibited pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, while also repairing the dysfunction of the intestinal barrier by upregulating the expression of tight junction proteins. Therefore, based on the study findings, we concluded that PJ can improve DSS-induced UC and may suppress pyroptosis by interfering with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Meng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Ga
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan-Nan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultura University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, 100193, China.
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17
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Ganapathy AS, Saha K, Wang A, Arumugam P, Dharmaprakash V, Yochum G, Koltun W, Nighot M, Perdew G, Thompson TA, Ma T, Nighot P. Alpha-tocopherylquinone differentially modulates claudins to enhance intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier via AhR and Nrf2 pathways. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112705. [PMID: 37393618 PMCID: PMC10528852 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) allow paracellular permeation of noxious luminal antigens and are important pathogenic factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We show that alpha-tocopherylquinone (TQ), a quinone-structured oxidation product of vitamin E, consistently enhances the intestinal TJ barrier by increasing barrier-forming claudin-3 (CLDN3) and reducing channel-forming CLDN2 in Caco-2 cell monolayers (in vitro), mouse models (in vivo), and surgically resected human colons (ex vivo). TQ reduces colonic permeability and ameliorates colitis symptoms in multiple colitis models. TQ, bifunctionally, activates both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Genetic deletion studies reveal that TQ-induced AhR activation transcriptionally increases CLDN3 via xenobiotic response element (XRE) in the CLDN3 promoter. Conversely, TQ suppresses CLDN2 expression via Nrf2-mediated STAT3 inhibition. TQ offers a naturally occurring, non-toxic intervention for enhancement of the intestinal TJ barrier and adjunct therapeutics to treat intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Alexandra Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Priya Arumugam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Viszwapriya Dharmaprakash
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gary Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Todd A Thompson
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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18
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Varani J, McClintock SD, Nadeem DM, Harber I, Zeidan D, Aslam MN. A multi-mineral intervention to counter pro-inflammatory activity and to improve the barrier in human colon organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1132905. [PMID: 37476158 PMCID: PMC10354648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition, and continuous inflammatory stimulus may lead to barrier dysfunction. The goal of this study was to assess barrier proteomic expression by a red algae-derived multi-mineral intervention in the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory insult. Methods: Human colon organoids were maintained in a control culture medium alone or exposed to lipopolysaccharide with a combination of three pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ (LPS-cytokines)] to mimic the environment in the inflamed colon. Untreated organoids and those exposed to LPS-cytokines were concomitantly treated for 14 days with a multi-mineral product (Aquamin®) that has previously been shown to improve barrier structure/function. The colon organoids were subjected to proteomic analysis to obtain a broad view of the protein changes induced by the two interventions alone and in combination. In parallel, confocal fluorescence microscopy, tissue cohesion and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were used to assess barrier structure/function. Results: The LPS-cytokine mix altered the expression of multiple proteins that influence innate immunity and promote inflammation. Several of these were significantly decreased with Aquamin® alone but only a modest decrease in a subset of these proteins was detected by Aquamin® in the presence of LPS-cytokines. Among these, a subset of inflammation-related proteins including fibrinogen-β and -γ chains (FGB and FGG), phospholipase A2 (PLA2G2A) and SPARC was significantly downregulated in the presence of Aquamin® (alone and in combination with LPS-cytokines); another subset of proteins with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant or anti-microbial activity was upregulated by Aquamin® treatment. When provided alone, Aquamin® strongly upregulated proteins that contribute to barrier formation and tissue strength. Concomitant treatment with LPS-cytokines did not inhibit barrier formation in response to Aquamin®. Confocal microscopy also displayed increased expression of desmoglein-2 (DSG2) and cadherin-17 (CDH17) with Aquamin®, either alone or in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus. Increased cohesion and TEER with Aquamin® (alone or in the presence of LPS-cytokines) indicates improved barrier function. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings suggest that multi-mineral intervention (Aquamin®) may provide a novel approach to combating inflammation in the colon by improving barrier structure/function as well as by directly altering the expression of certain pro-inflammatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Rath T, Atreya R, Neurath MF. A spotlight on intestinal permeability and inflammatory bowel diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:893-902. [PMID: 37606514 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2242772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intestinal barrier is a multi-faced structure lining the surface of the intestinal mucosa of the GI tract. To exert its main functions as a physical and immunological defense barrier, several components of the intestinal barrier act in a concerted and cooperative manner. AREAS COVERED Herein, we first introduce to the basic organization of the intestinal barrier and then summarize different methods to assess barrier function in and ex vivo. Finally, we provide an in-depth overview of the relevance of intestinal barrier dysfunction in inflammatory bowel diseases. EXPERT OPINION In parallel to a more fundamental understanding of the intestinal barrier as a key component for intestinal integrity is the notion that intestinal barrier defects are associated with a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent research has fueled and perpetuated the concept that barrier defects are critical components of disease development, disease behavior, and potentially also an area of therapeutic intervention in IBD patients. Although being far away from standard, new technologies can be used to easily assess barrier healing in IBD and to derive clinical consequences from these findings such as more accurate forecasting of future disease behavior or the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Immuntherapie DZI, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Capaldo CT. Claudin Barriers on the Brink: How Conflicting Tissue and Cellular Priorities Drive IBD Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8562. [PMID: 37239907 PMCID: PMC10218714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by acute or chronic recurring inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, often with increasing severity over time. Life-long morbidities and diminishing quality of life for IBD patients compel a search for a better understanding of the molecular contributors to disease progression. One unifying feature of IBDs is the failure of the gut to form an effective barrier, a core role for intercellular complexes called tight junctions. In this review, the claudin family of tight junction proteins are discussed as they are a fundamental component of intestinal barriers. Importantly, claudin expression and/or protein localization is altered in IBD, leading to the supposition that intestinal barrier dysfunction exacerbates immune hyperactivity and disease. Claudins are a large family of transmembrane structural proteins that constrain the passage of ions, water, or substances between cells. However, growing evidence suggests non-canonical claudin functions during mucosal homeostasis and healing after injury. Therefore, whether claudins participate in adaptive or pathological IBD responses remains an open question. By reviewing current studies, the possibility is assessed that with claudins, a jack-of-all-trades is master of none. Potentially, a robust claudin barrier and wound restitution involve conflicting biophysical phenomena, exposing barrier vulnerabilities and a tissue-wide frailty during healing in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- College of Natural and Computer Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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21
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang ZD, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zhou T, Guan YX, Liu X. Surface-anchored microbial enzyme-responsive solid lipid nanoparticles enabling colonic budesonide release for ulcerative colitis treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 37127609 PMCID: PMC10152766 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon-targeted oral drug delivery systems (CDDSs) are desirable for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), which is a disease with high relapse and remission rates associated with immune system inflammation and dysregulation localized within the lining of the large bowel. However, the success of current available approaches used for colon-targeted therapy is limited. Budesonide (BUD) is a corticosteroid drug, and its rectal and oral formulations are used to treat UC, but the inconvenience of rectal administration and the systemic toxicity of oral administration restrict its long-term use. In this study, we designed and prepared colon-targeted solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) encapsulating BUD to treat UC by oral administration. A negatively charged surfactant (NaCS-C12) was synthesized to anchor cellulase-responsive layers consisting of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed by negatively charged NaCS and cationic chitosan onto the SLNs. The release rate and colon-specific release behavior of BUD could be easily modified by regulating the number of coated layers. We found that the two-layer BUD-loaded SLNs (SLN-BUD-2L) with a nanoscale particle size and negative zeta potential showed the designed colon-specific drug release profile in response to localized high cellulase activity. In addition, SLN-BUD-2L exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, suggesting its potential anti-UC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zi-Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Xin Guan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Radiology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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22
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Saha K, Subramenium Ganapathy A, Wang A, Michael Morris N, Suchanec E, Ding W, Yochum G, Koltun W, Nighot M, Ma T, Nighot P. Autophagy Reduces the Degradation and Promotes Membrane Localization of Occludin to Enhance the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier against Paracellular Macromolecule Flux. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:433-449. [PMID: 36219473 PMCID: PMC10069622 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Functional loss of the gut epithelium's paracellular tight junction [TJ] barrier and defective autophagy are factors potentiating inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Previously, we showed the role of autophagy in enhancing the intestinal TJ barrier via pore-forming claudin-2 degradation. How autophagy regulates the TJ barrier-forming proteins remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of autophagy in the regulation of occludin, a principal TJ component involved in TJ barrier enhancement. RESULTS Autophagy induction using pharmacological activators and nutrient starvation increased total occludin levels in intestinal epithelial cells, mouse colonocytes and human colonoids. Autophagy induction enriched membrane occludin levels and reduced paracellular permeability of macromolecules. Autophagy-mediated TJ barrier enhancement was contingent on the presence of occludin as OCLN-/- nullified its TJ barrier-enhancing effect against macromolecular flux. Autophagy inhibited the constitutive degradation of occludin by preventing its caveolar endocytosis from the membrane and protected against inflammation-induced TJ barrier loss. Autophagy enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 and inhibition of these kinases in Caco-2 cells and human colonic mucosa prevented the macromolecular barrier-enhancing effects of autophagy. In vivo, autophagy induction by rapamycin enhanced occludin levels in wild-type mouse intestines and protected against lipopolysaccharide- and tumour necrosis factor-α-induced TJ barrier loss. Disruption of autophagy with acute Atg7 knockout in adult mice decreased intestinal occludin levels, increasing baseline colonic TJ permeability and exacerbating the effect of experimental colitis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a novel role of autophagy in promoting the intestinal TJ barrier by increasing occludin levels in an ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ashwinkumar Subramenium Ganapathy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Alexandra Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nathan Michael Morris
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Eric Suchanec
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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23
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Livanos AE, Dunn A, Fischer J, Ungaro RC, Turpin W, Lee SH, Rui S, Del Valle DM, Jougon JJ, Martinez-Delgado G, Riddle MS, Murray JA, Laird RM, Torres J, Agrawal M, Magee JS, Dervieux T, Gnjatic S, Sheppard D, Sands BE, Porter CK, Croitoru K, Petralia F, Colombel JF, Mehandru S. Anti-Integrin αvβ6 Autoantibodies Are a Novel Biomarker That Antedate Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:619-629. [PMID: 36634824 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Better biomarkers for prediction of ulcerative colitis (UC) development and prognostication are needed. Anti-integrin αvβ6 (anti-αvβ6) autoantibodies have been described in patients with UC. We tested for the presence of anti-αvβ6 antibodies in the preclinical phase of UC and studied their association with disease-related outcomes after diagnosis. METHODS Anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies were measured in 4 longitudinal serum samples collected from 82 subjects who later developed UC and 82 matched controls from a Department of Defense preclinical cohort (PREDICTS [Proteomic Evaluation and Discovery in an IBD Cohort of Tri-service Subjects]). In a distinct, external validation cohort (Crohn's and Colitis Canada Genetic Environmental Microbial project cohort), we tested 12 pre-UC subjects and 49 matched controls. Furthermore, anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies were measured in 2 incident UC cohorts (COMPASS [Comprehensive Care for the Recently Diagnosed IBD Patients], n = 55 and OSCCAR [Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry], n = 104) and associations between anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies and UC-related outcomes were defined using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies were significantly higher among individuals who developed UC compared with controls up to 10 years before diagnosis in PREDICTS. The anti-αvβ6 autoantibody seropositivity was 12.2% 10 years before diagnosis and increased to 52.4% at the time of diagnosis in subjects who developed UC compared with 2.7% in controls across the 4 time points. Anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies predicted UC development with an area under the curve of at least 0.8 up to 10 years before diagnosis. The presence of anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies in preclinical UC samples was validated in the GEM cohort. Finally, high anti-αvβ6 autoantibodies was associated with a composite of adverse UC outcomes, including hospitalization, disease extension, colectomy, systemic steroid use, and/or escalation to biologic therapy in recently diagnosed UC. CONCLUSIONS Anti-integrin αvβ6 autoantibodies precede the clinical diagnosis of UC by up to 10 years and are associated with adverse UC-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Livanos
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Dunn
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jeremy Fischer
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ryan C Ungaro
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sun-Ho Lee
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shumin Rui
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Julia J Jougon
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Claude Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Mark S Riddle
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada; Veterans Affairs Sierra Nevada Health Care System, Reno, Nevada
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Renee M Laird
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joana Torres
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal; Gastroenterology Division, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manasi Agrawal
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jared S Magee
- Gastroenterology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Precision Institute of Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce E Sands
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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24
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Rath T, Atreya R, Bodenschatz J, Uter W, Geppert CE, Vitali F, Fischer S, Waldner MJ, Colombel JF, Hartmann A, Neurath MF. Intestinal Barrier Healing Is Superior to Endoscopic and Histologic Remission for Predicting Major Adverse Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Prospective ERIca Trial. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:241-255. [PMID: 36279923 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoscopic and histologic remission have emerged as key therapeutic goals in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are associated with favorable long-term disease outcomes. Here, we prospectively compared the predictive value of barrier healing with endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting long-term disease behavior in a large cohort of patients with IBD in clinical remission. METHODS At baseline, patients with IBD in clinical remission underwent ileocolonoscopy with assessment of intestinal barrier function by confocal endomicroscopy. Endoscopic and histologic disease activity, as well as barrier healing, was prospectively assessed along established scores. During subsequent follow-up, patients were closely monitored for clinical disease activity and the occurrence of major adverse outcomes (MAOs): disease flares, IBD-related hospitalization or surgery, and initiation or dose escalation of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants, small molecules, or biological therapy. RESULTS The final analysis included 181 patients, 100 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 81 with ulcerative colitis (UC). During a mean follow-up of 35 (CD) and 25 (UC) months, 73% of patients with CD and 69% of patients with UC experienced at least 1 MAO. The probability of MAO-free survival was significantly higher in patients with IBD with endoscopic remission compared with endoscopically active disease. In addition, histologic remission predicted MAO-free survival in patients with UC but not CD. Barrier healing on endomicroscopy was superior to endoscopic and histologic remission for predicting MAO-free survival in both UC and CD. CONCLUSIONS Barrier healing is associated with decreased risk of disease progression in patients with clinically remittent IBD, with superior predictive performance compared with endoscopic and histologic remission. Analysis of barrier function might be considered as a future treatment target in clinical trials. CLINICALTRIALS gov number, NCT05157750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Bodenschatz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol E Geppert
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical Clinic 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Novel Horizons in Postbiotics: Lactobacillaceae Extracellular Vesicles and Their Applications in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245296. [PMID: 36558455 PMCID: PMC9782203 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus probiotics contained in dietary supplements or functional foods are well-known for their beneficial properties exerted on host health and diverse pathological situations. Their capacity to improve inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and regulate the immune system is especially remarkable. Although bacteria-host interactions have been thought to occur directly, the key role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics play on this point is being unveiled. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles that carry a wide range of cargo compounds and act in different signalling pathways. Notably, these EVs have been recently proposed as a safe alternative to the utilisation of live bacteria since they can avoid the possible risks that probiotics may entail in vulnerable cases such as immunocompromised patients. Therefore, this review aims to give an updated overview of the existing knowledge about EVs from different Lactobacillus strains, their mechanisms and effects in host health and different pathological conditions. All of the information collected suggests that EVs could be considered as potential tools for the development of future novel therapeutic approaches.
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26
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Shang L, Zhou J, Tu J, Zeng X, Qiao S. Evaluation of Effectiveness and Safety of Microcin C7 in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233267. [PMID: 36496787 PMCID: PMC9739829 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects and safety of dietary supplementation with Microcin C7 (C7) were evaluated in 216 weaned piglets. The pigs were given a control corn−soybean meal basal diet or C7 diet (control diet supplemented with 250, 500, 750, 1000, or 5000 mg C7/kg diets). Compared with the control group, the 500 mg/kg C7 supplementation group had better intestinal morphological indicators (p < 0.05), which may help maintain intestinal epithelial function and increase the growth performance (p < 0.05) and apparent total tract digestibility (p < 0.05). The diarrhea indexes of the 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg groups were significantly lower than that of the control group at 0−28 d (p < 0.05), and the 500 mg/kg group had the lowest diarrhea indexes (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05). A comprehensive analysis showed that microbial structure was significantly correlated with the degree of diarrhea, and the diarrhea-alleviating effect of C7 may be related to its selective regulation of specific microbial taxa. The 250 and 500 mg/kg C7 supplementation also significantly improved several immune indices of piglets (p < 0.05). Compared with the control diet, 5000 mg/kg C7 supplementation had no significant adverse effect on all parameters. Overall, the 250−500 mg/kg dose had the best effect, and the highest dose (5000 mg/kg) posed no toxicity risk. Therefore, C7 appears safe for use as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62733588; Fax: +86-10-62733688
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27
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Abril AG, Villa TG, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Notario V, Carrera M. The Role of the Gallbladder, the Intestinal Barrier and the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Food Allergies and Other Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214333. [PMID: 36430811 PMCID: PMC9696009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota present in the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the development or prevention of food allergies and autoimmune disorders; these bacteria can enter the gallbladder and, depending on the species involved, can either be benign or cause significant diseases. Occlusion of the gallbladder, usually due to the presence of calculi blocking the bile duct, facilitates microbial infection and inflammation, which can be serious enough to require life-saving surgery. In addition, the biliary salts are secreted into the intestine and can affect the gut microbiota. The interaction between the gut microbiota, pathogenic organisms, and the human immune system can create intestinal dysbiosis, generating a variety of syndromes including the development of food allergies and autoimmune disorders. The intestinal microbiota can aggravate certain food allergies, which become severe when the integrity of the intestinal barrier is affected, allowing bacteria, or their metabolites, to cross the intestinal barrier and invade the bloodstream, affecting distal body organs. This article deals with health conditions and severe diseases that are either influenced by the gut flora or caused by gallbladder obstruction and inflammation, as well as putative treatments for those illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vicente Notario
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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DNA methyltransferase 3A controls intestinal epithelial barrier function and regeneration in the colon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6266. [PMID: 36271073 PMCID: PMC9587301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) locus have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DNMT3A is part of the epigenetic machinery physiologically involved in DNA methylation. We show that DNMT3A plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function. DNMT3A expression is downregulated in intestinal epithelial cells from IBD patients and upon tumor necrosis factor treatment in murine intestinal organoids. Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. Genetic deletion of Dnmt3a in intestinal epithelial cells (Dnmt3aΔIEC) in mice confirms the phenotype of an altered epithelial ultrastructure with shortened apical-junctional complexes, reduced Goblet cell numbers and increased intestinal permeability in the colon in vivo. Dnmt3aΔIEC mice suffer from increased susceptibility to experimental colitis, characterized by reduced epithelial regeneration. These data demonstrate a critical role for DNMT3A in orchestrating intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to tissue damage and suggest an involvement of impaired epithelial DNMT3A function in the etiology of IBD.
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Zhao X, Cui DJ, Yang LC, Yuan WQ, Yan F. Long Noncoding RNA FBXL19-AS1-Mediated Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Defect. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:1077-1088. [PMID: 36048401 PMCID: PMC9478015 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00479-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study commenced to uncover the role of long non-coding RNA FBXL19 antisense RNA 1 (FBXL19-AS1) in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its possible mechanism. METHODS FBXL19-AS1 expression in the colonic sigmoid mucosa of UC patients was detected. A colitis model was induced in mice using 5% dextran sodium sulfate. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed for histopathological examination. Apoptosis was detected by Tunel staining and tissue fibrosis was detected by immunohistochemistry. Also, intestinal permeability was examined. The concentrations of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between FBXL19-AS1, miR-339-3p and RHOB was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS The expression of FBXL19-AS1 was increased in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. FBXL19-AS1 interference or miR-339-3p overexpression inhibited DSS-induced colonic epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, and improved intestinal epithelial barrier defects, thereby ameliorating DSS-induced colitis injury in mice. FBXL19-AS1 sponged miR-339-3p while miR-339-3p targeted RHOB. Overexpression of RHOB reversed the protective effect of inhibition of FBXL19-AS1 on DSS-induced colitis in mice. CONCLUSION FBXL19-AS1 reduces miR-339-3p-mediated targeting of RHOB and aggravates intestinal epithelial barrier defect in DSS-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, No. 83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - De-Jun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, No. 83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Liu-Chan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, No. 83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, No. 83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, No. 83, East Zhongshan Road, Guiyang City, 550002, Guizhou Province, China
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Wanchaitanawong W, Thinrungroj N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Shinlapawittayatorn K. Repurposing metformin as a potential treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence from cell to the clinic. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109230. [PMID: 36099786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of intestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally. Although both biologic agents and small molecule drugs have been available for treatment of IBD patients, approximately one third of treated patients do not respond to these treatments. Therefore, novel therapy or repurposing of drugs have been extensively studied to obtain an effective therapy for IBD patients. Among these drugs, metformin has been reported to exert beneficial effects in many organs via its anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, evidence from cellular to clinical models of IBD demonstrated significant positive effects of metformin on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, gut barrier integrity, and gut microbiota. In this review, the beneficial effects of metformin on IBD are comprehensively summarized and discussed using the results of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Increased understanding of these protective effects and the underlying mechanisms may pave the way for effective use of metformin in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasuwit Wanchaitanawong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nithi Thinrungroj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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The Function of Mixed Postbiotic PE0401 in Improving Intestinal Health via Elevating Anti-inflammation, Anti-oxidation, Epithelial Tight Junction Gene Expression and Promoting Beneficial Bacteria Growth. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may cause irregular digestive function, and intestinal wall inflammation. Over the past few years, probiotics generate bioactive metabolites, named postbiotics, have been discovered its crucial roles in modulation of intestinal microbiota. Single-strain postbiotics have positive effect on health of host, but the functions of multi-strain postbiotics remain unclear. This study proposed a useful application of multi-strain postbiotics and thereby establish the developing foundation of multi-strain postbiotics. Initially, various probiotics and postbiotics were screened for anti-inflammatory activity through inducing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Then, we detailed the synergistic effects of 4Mix postbiotics (named as Probiotic Extracts of 4 strains- number 1, PE0401) consisted of metabolites generated from Lactobacillus salivarius AP-32, Lactobacillus acidophilus TYCA06, Lactobacillus plantarum LPL28, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis BLI-02 on anti-inflammatory activity, anti-oxidative capacity, regulation of tight junction proteins. The results displayed that anti-inflammatory activity of 4Mix postbiotics PE0401 was stronger than other mixed postbiotic combinations. The anti-oxidative capacity, which correlated to anti-inflammation, also significantly increased as shown in DPPH and FRAP assays. The epithelial tight junction proteins expressed in mRNA levels (ZO-1, ZO-2, Occludin, JAM-A, and Claudin) were highly potent modulated by PE0401. In addition, PE0401 selectively promoted the growth of intestinal bacterial strains including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium strains and other beneficial bacteria. Therefore, this study provides a fascinating insight into the strategy to the treatment of the intestinal disorders. PE0401 may deliver as health functional food ingredient.
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Ganapathy AS, Saha K, Suchanec E, Singh V, Verma A, Yochum G, Koltun W, Nighot M, Ma T, Nighot P. AP2M1 mediates autophagy-induced CLDN2 (claudin 2) degradation through endocytosis and interaction with LC3 and reduces intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability. Autophagy 2022; 18:2086-2103. [PMID: 34964704 PMCID: PMC9466623 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) provide barrier against paracellular permeation of lumenal antigens. Defects in TJ barrier such as increased levels of pore-forming TJ protein CLDN2 (claudin-2) is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. We have previously reported that starvation-induced macroautophagy/autophagy enhances the TJ barrier by degrading pore-forming CLDN2. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism underlying autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation. CLDN2 degradation was persistent in multiple modes of autophagy induction. Immunolocalization, membrane fractionation, and pharmacological inhibition studies showed increased clathrin-mediated CLDN2 endocytosis upon starvation. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis negated autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation and enhancement of the TJ barrier. The co-immunoprecipitation studies showed increased association of CLDN2 with clathrin and adaptor protein AP2 (AP2A1 and AP2M1 subunits) as well as LC3 and lysosomes upon starvation, signifying the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation. The expression and phosphorylation of AP2M1 was increased upon starvation. In-vitro, in-vivo (mouse colon), and ex-vivo (human colon) inhibition of AP2M1 activation prevented CLDN2 degradation. AP2M1 knockout prevented autophagy-induced CLDN2 degradation via reduced CLDN2-LC3 interaction. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that AP2M1 binds to CLDN2 tyrosine motifs (YXXФ) (67-70 and 148-151). Increased baseline expression of CLDN2 and TJ permeability along with reduced CLDN2-AP2M1-LC3 interactions in ATG7 knockout cells validated the role of autophagy in modulation of CLDN2 levels. Acute deletion of Atg7 in mice increased CLDN2 levels and the susceptibility to experimental colitis. The autophagy-regulated molecular mechanisms linking CLDN2, AP2M1, and LC3 may provide therapeutic tools against intestinal inflammation.Abbreviations: Amil: amiloride; AP2: adaptor protein complex 2; AP2A1: adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 1; AP2M1: adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit mu 1; ATG7: autophagy related 7; CAL: calcitriol; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; Con: control; CPZ: chlorpromazine; DSS: dextran sodium sulfate; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; TER: trans-epithelial resistance; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MβCD: Methyl-β-cyclodextrin; MET: metformin; MG132: carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NT: non target; RAPA: rapamycin; RES: resveratrol; SMER: small-molecule enhancer 28; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; ST: starvation; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kushal Saha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eric Suchanec
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Vikash Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pa, USA
| | - Aayush Verma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gregory Yochum
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Walter Koltun
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Meghali Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA,CONTACT Prashant Nighot Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA17033, USA
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Lartey NL, Vargas-Robles H, Guerrero-Fonseca IM, Nava P, Kumatia EK, Ocloo A, Schnoor M. Annickia polycarpa extract attenuates inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and colon damage during colitis. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:99-108. [PMID: 35841974 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are complex inflammatory disorders of the digestive tract. Dysfunctional intestinal epithelial barrier, uncontrolled neutrophil recruitment into the colon, and oxidative stress are major features of IBD. IBD cannot be cured, but symptoms can be alleviated with anti-inflammatory drugs, which often show adverse effects. Thus, safer alternative treatment options are needed. Given the known anti-inflammatory properties of Annickia polycarpa extract (APE), we hypothesized that APE improves the outcome of the inflammatory response during colitis. We assessed APE effects on colon histology, epithelial barrier function and neutrophil recruitment during DSS-induced colitis in mice treated with APE. APE treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index and prevented DSS-induced colon damage as evidenced by reduced colon shortening, ulcerations, crypt dysplasia, edema formation, and leukocyte infiltration. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly diminished in APE-treated mice. Importantly, APE administration reduced neutrophil infiltration into the lamina propria leading to reduced oxidative stress, tight junction disruption and epithelial permeability in the colon. Thus, we propose APE as additional treatment strategy to attenuate colitis symptoms and enhance life quality of individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Lartey
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico; Department of Health and Allied Sciences, Baldwin University College, Osu-Accra, Ghana
| | - Hilda Vargas-Robles
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | | | - Porfirio Nava
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel K Kumatia
- Department of Phytochemistry, Centre for Plant Medicine Research. Akuapem-Mampong, Ghana
| | - Augustine Ocloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, LG 54, Legon, Ghana
| | - Michael Schnoor
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico-City, Mexico.
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, He W, Wei Y, Han S, Xia L, Tan B, Yu J, Kang H, Ma M, Zhu Q, Yin H, Cui C. Effects of Small Peptide Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Barrier of Laying Hens During the Brooding and Growing Periods. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925256. [PMID: 35874672 PMCID: PMC9301363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing period is a critical period for growth and development in laying hens. During this period, chicks grow rapidly, but are accompanied by unstable digestive function, incomplete organ development, and high mortality. Small peptide, a feed additive, which has been proved to promote intestinal development and immunity in poultry. In order to elucidate the effects of small peptides on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of growing laying hens, a total of 900 Tianfu green shell laying hens (1-day-old) were randomly divided into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 30 birds each in this 18-week trial. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 g/kg, 1.5 g/kg, 3.0 g/kg, 4.5 g/kg and 6.0 g/kg small peptide, respectively. The results showed that the supplementation of small peptides significantly increased growth rate (P<0.05) in laying hens, as well as elevated the serum immunoglobulins (P<0.05) and antioxidant indices (P<0.05), however, it decreased inflammation parameters (P<0.05). The supplementation of small peptides enhanced the intestinal function by promoting gut development (P<0.05) and improving gut integrity (P<0.05), barrier function (P<0.05) and the diversity of gut microbiota (P<0.05) in the growing hens. The best performance was recorded among the hens fed 4.5 g/kg level of small peptide. Taken together, these results showed that small peptide supplementation could improve the economic value of growing hens by promoting growth rate, disease resistance, and the optimal amount of addition for Tianfu green shell laying hens was 4.5 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanhang Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunshun Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Xia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengen Ma
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Huadong Yin,
| | - Can Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Luo Y, Yu X, Zhao P, Huang J, Huang X. Effects of Resveratrol on Tight Junction Proteins and the Notch1 Pathway in an HT-29 Cell Model of Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Inflammation 2022; 45:2449-2464. [PMID: 35705831 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins. A variety of studies have confirmed that resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenolic compound, has a potential anti-inflammatory effect and can regulate the expression of tight junction proteins. However, the mechanism by which RSV regulates the expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the potential effect of RSV on tight junction proteins in an HT-29 cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored its mechanism of action. First, the downregulated expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 in the HT-29 cell model of inflammation induced by LPS was reversed by incubation with RSV, accompanied by a decrease in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE). Additionally, the Notch1 pathway was attenuated and the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α was decreased by treatment with RSV. Second, after Jagged-1 was used in combination with RSV to reactivate the Notch1 pathway, the protective effects of RSV against the LPS-induced reductions in the expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1 and the decreases in the levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α were abolished. These results suggest that RSV might regulate the expression of tight junction proteins by attenuating the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Luo
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xueyan Yu
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Peizhuang Zhao
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Gerontology and Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Yang T, Shen J. Small nucleolar RNAs and SNHGs in the intestinal mucosal barrier: Emerging insights and current roles. J Adv Res 2022; 46:75-85. [PMID: 35700920 PMCID: PMC10105082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on the involvement of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and SNHGs in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis via multiple pathways, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Wnt/β catenin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These molecular mechanisms affect the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier. AIM OF REVIEW Current evidence regarding snoRNAs and SNHGs in the context of the mucosal barrier and modulation of homeostasis is fragmented. In this review, we collate the established information on snoRNAs and SNHGs as well as discuss the major pathways affecting the mucosal barrier. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Intestinal mucosal immunity, microflora, and the physical barrier are altered in non-neoplastic diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases. Dysregulated snoRNAs and SNHGs may impact the intestinal mucosal barrier to promote the pathogenesis and progression of multiple diseases. SnoRNAs or SNHGs has been shown to be associated with poor disease behaviors, indicating that they may be exploited as prognostic biomarkers. Additionally, clarifying the complicated interactions between snoRNAs or SNHGs and the mucosal barrier may provide novel insights for the therapeutic treatment targeting strengthen the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center. Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center. Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, China.
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Shou X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Duan C, Yang Y, Jia Q, Yuan G, Shi J, Shi S, Cui H, Hu Y. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Analysis on Molecular Mechanism of Qingzi Zhitong Decoction in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:727608. [PMID: 35237152 PMCID: PMC8883437 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.727608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease with complex pathological mechanisms. We explored the potential molecular mechanisms behind the therapeutic functions of Qingzi Zhitong decoction (QZZTD) in the treatment of UC by network pharmacology and molecular docking. QZZTD is a formula of Chinese traditional medicine consisting of 10 herbs. The potential active ingredients of QZZTD and their target genes were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and UC-related target genes were obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. A total of 138 co-identified target genes were obtained by plotting the intersection target Venn diagram, and then the STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to establish protein-protein interaction networks and herb-ingredient-target networks. Four key active compounds and nine key proteins were identified. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that the biological functions of potential target genes were associated with DNA transcription, signaling receptor and ligand activity, cytokine activity, cellular autophagy, and antioxidant pathways, with related pathways involving the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-RAGE signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Moreover, the binding activities of key target genes and essential active compounds of Chinese herbal medicines in QZZTD were further validated by molecular docking. This demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin, hyndarin, and beta-sitosterol had good binding to eight key proteins, and Akt1 was the target protein with the best binding activity, suggesting that Akt1 could be the essential mediator responsible for signaling transduction after QZZTD administration. The rat experiment verified that QZZTD inhibited PI3K-Akt pathway activation and reduced inflammation in UC. In conclusion, our study suggested four potential key active components, including quercetin, were identified in QZZTD, which could interact with Akt1 and modulate the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway. The other three pathways may also be involved in the signaling transduction induced by QZZTD in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanju Zhang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiulei Jia
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhen Yuan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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39
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Schwarzfischer M, Rogler G. The Intestinal Barrier—Shielding the Body from Nano- and Microparticles in Our Diet. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030223. [PMID: 35323666 PMCID: PMC8952728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano- and microparticles are an implicit part of the human diet. They are unknowingly ingested with our food that contains them as additives or pollutants. However, their impact on human health is not yet understood and controversially discussed. The intestinal epithelial barrier shields our body against exogenous influences, such as commensal bacteria, pathogens, and body-foreign particles and, therefore, protects our body integrity. Breakdown of the intestinal epithelial barrier and aberrant immune responses are key events in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epithelial lesions might enable systemic translocation of nano- and microparticles into the system, eventually triggering an excessive immune response. Thus, IBD patients could be particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects caused by the ingestion of synthetic particles with food. The food-additive titanium dioxide (TiO2) serves as a coloring agent in food products and is omnipresent in the Western diet. TiO2 nanoparticles exacerbate intestinal inflammation by activation of innate and adaptive immune response. Because of serious safety concerns, the use of TiO2 as a food additive was recently banned from food production within the European Union. Due to environmental pollution, plastic has entered the human food chain, and plastic microparticles have been evidenced in the drinking water and comestible goods. The impact of plastic ingestion and its resulting consequences on human health is currently the subject of intense research. Focusing on TiO2 and plastic particles in the human diet and their impact on epithelial integrity, gut homeostasis, and intestinal inflammation, this review is addressing contemporary hot topics which are currently attracting a lot of public attention.
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40
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Tusé D, Reeves M, Royal J, Hamorsky KT, Ng H, Arolfo M, Green C, Trigunaite A, Parman T, Lee G, Matoba N. Pharmacokinetics and Safety Studies in Rodent Models Support Development of EPICERTIN as a Novel Topical Wound-Healing Biologic for Ulcerative Colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 380:162-170. [PMID: 35058349 PMCID: PMC11046972 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The novel wound-healing biologic EPICERTIN, a recombinant analog of cholera toxin B subunit, is in early development for the management of ulcerative colitis. This study established for the first time the pharmacokinetics (PK), bioavailability (BA), and acute safety of EPICERTIN in healthy and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice and healthy rats. For PK and BA assessments, single administrations of various concentrations of EPICERTIN were given intravenously or intrarectally to healthy and colitic C57BL/6 mice and to healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. After intravenous administration to healthy animals, the drug's plasma half-life (t 1/2) for males and females was 0.26 and 0.3 hours in mice and 19.4 and 14.5 hours in rats, respectively. After intrarectal administration, drug was detected at very low levels in only four samples of mouse plasma, with no correlation to colon epithelial integrity. No drug was detected in rat plasma. A single intrarectal dose of 0.1 µM (0.6 µg/mouse) EPICERTIN significantly facilitated the healing of damaged colonic epithelium as determined by disease activity index and histopathological scoring, whereas 10-fold higher or lower concentrations showed no effect. For acute toxicity evaluation, healthy rats were given a single intrarectal administration of various doses of EPICERTIN with sacrifice on Day 8, recording body weight, morbidity, mortality, clinical pathology, and gross necropsy observations. There were no drug-related effects of toxicological significance. The no observed adverse effect level (intrarectal) in rats was determined to be 5 µM (307 µg/animal, or 5.2 µg drug/cm2 of colorectal surface area), which is 14 times the anticipated intrarectally delivered clinical dose. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: EPICERTIN is a candidate wound-healing biologic for the management of ulcerative colitis. This study determined for the first time the intravenous and intrarectal pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the drug in healthy and colitic mice and healthy rats, and its acute safety in a dose-escalation study in rats. An initial therapeutic dose in colitic mice was also established. EPICERTIN delivered intrarectally was minimally absorbed systemically, was well tolerated, and induced epithelial wound healing topically at a low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tusé
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Micaela Reeves
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Joshua Royal
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Krystal T Hamorsky
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Hanna Ng
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Maria Arolfo
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Carol Green
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Abhishek Trigunaite
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Toufan Parman
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Goo Lee
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
| | - Nobuyuki Matoba
- GROW Biomedicine, LLC and DT/Consulting Group, Sacramento, California (D.T.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (M.R., J.R., N.M.), Department of Medicine (K.T.H.), and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Center for Predictive Medicine (K.T.H., N.M.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; SRI Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, California (H.N., M.A., C.G., A.T., T.P.); and Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (G.L.)
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van der Lugt B, Vos MC, Grootte Bromhaar M, Ijssennagger N, Vrieling F, Meijerink J, Steegenga WT. The effects of sulfated secondary bile acids on intestinal barrier function and immune response in an inflammatory in vitro human intestinal model. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08883. [PMID: 35169646 PMCID: PMC8829581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis-related perturbations in bile acid (BA) metabolism were observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, which was characterized by increased levels of sulfated BAs at the expense of secondary BAs. However, the exact effects of sulfated BAs on the etiology of IBD are not investigated yet. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of sulfated deoxycholic acid (DCA), sulfated lithocholic acid (LCA) and their unsulfated forms on intestinal barrier function and immune response. To this end, we first established a novel in vitro human intestinal model to mimic chronic intestinal inflammation as seen during IBD. This model consisted of a co-culture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cells grown on a semi-wet interface with mechanical stimulation to represent the mucus layer. A pro-inflammatory environment was created by combining the co-culture with LPS-activated dendritic cells (DCs) in the basolateral compartment. The presence of activated DCs caused a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), which was slightly restored by LCA and sulfated DCA. The expression of genes related to intestinal epithelial integrity and the mucus layer were slightly, but not significantly increased. These results imply that sulfated BAs have a minor effect on intestinal barrier function in Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 cells. When exposed directly to DCs, our results point towards anti-inflammatory effects of secondary BAs, but to a minor extent for sulfated secondary BAs. Future research should focus on the importance of proper transformation of BAs by bacterial enzymes and the potential involvement of BA dysmetabolism in IBD progression.
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42
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Yuan D, Li C, Huang Q, Fu X, Dong H. Current advances in the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5890-5910. [PMID: 35021901 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2025535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, multifactorial and inflammatory disease occurring in the colon tract. Bioactive polysaccharides from natural resources have attracted extensive attention due to their safety, accessibility and good bioactivities. In recent years, a variety of natural bioactive polysaccharides have been proven to possess anti-inflammatory effects on treating acute colitis. The objective of this review was to give an up-to-date review on the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides on acute colitis. The anti-inflammatory effects of natural polysaccharides on acute colitis concerning clinical symptoms amelioration, colon tissue repairment, anti-oxidative stress alleviation, anti-inflammation, immune regulation, and gut microbiota modulation were comprehensively summarized. In addition, inducible murine models for assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of natural polysaccharides on acute colitis were also concluded. This review will offer the comprehensive understanding of anti-inflammatory mechanisms of natural polysaccharides in acute colitis, and render theoretical basis for the development and application of natural polysaccharides in drug and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Li
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Dong
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Cui Q, Tian X, Liang X, Zhang Z, Wang R, Zhou Y, Yi H, Gong P, Lin K, Liu T, Zhang L. Bifidobacterium bifidum relieved DSS-induced colitis in mice potentially by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Food Funct 2022; 13:5115-5123. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04219j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized with relapsed intestinal inflammation and barrier function disruption is still a great therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to screen probiotics that have the potential to...
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44
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Korchagina AA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Response to Intracellular Pathogens: Protection Versus Immunopathology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:775554. [PMID: 34938670 PMCID: PMC8685334 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.775554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous group of cytokine-producing lymphocytes which are predominantly located at mucosal barrier surfaces, such as skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. ILCs contribute to tissue homeostasis, regulate microbiota-derived signals, and protect against mucosal pathogens. ILCs are classified into five major groups by their developmental origin and distinct cytokine production. A recently emerged intriguing feature of ILCs is their ability to alter their phenotype and function in response to changing local environmental cues such as pathogen invasion. Once the pathogen crosses host barriers, ILCs quickly activate cytokine production to limit the spread of the pathogen. However, the dysregulated ILC responses can lead to tissue inflammation and damage. Furthermore, the interplay between ILCs and other immune cell types shapes the outcome of the immune response. Recent studies highlighted the important role of ILCs for host defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms controlling protective and pathogenic ILC responses to intracellular pathogens. This knowledge can help develop new ILC-targeted strategies to control infectious diseases and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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45
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Huang TY, Yang SS, Liao CL, Lin MH, Lin HH, Lin JC, Chen PJ, Shih YL, Chang WK, Hsieh TY. SPAK Deficiency Attenuates Chemotherapy-Induced Intestinal Mucositis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733555. [PMID: 34888232 PMCID: PMC8649624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ste20-related protein proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) affects cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation, and sodium and chloride transport in the gut. However, its role in gut injury pathogenesis is unclear. Objective We determined the role of SPAK in chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis using in vivo and in vitro models. Methods Using SPAK-knockout (KO) mice, we evaluated the severity of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by assessing body weight loss, histological changes in the intestinal mucosa, length of villi in the small intestine, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, proliferative indices, and apoptotic indices. We also evaluated changes in gut permeability and tight junction-associated protein expression. Changes in cell permeability, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed in SPAK siRNA-transfected 5FU-treated IEC-6 cells. Results 5-FU-treated SPAK-KO mice exhibited milder intestinal mucositis, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, increased villus length, good maintenance of proliferative indices of villus cells, decreased apoptotic index of enterocytes, reduced gut permeability, and restoration of tight junction protein expression (vs. 5-FU-treated wild-type mice). Under in vitro conditions, siRNA-mediated SPAK-knockdown in IEC-6 cells decreased cell permeability and maintained homeostasis following 5-FU treatment. Conclusion SPAK deficiency attenuated chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by modulating gut permeability and tight junction-associated protein expression and maintaining gut homeostasis in murine small intestinal tissues following gut injury. The expression of SPAK may influence the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yu Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Sen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of BioMedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Hwai Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lueng Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuo Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yuan Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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46
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Wallace JW, Constant DA, Nice TJ. Interferon Lambda in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767505. [PMID: 34712246 PMCID: PMC8547615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon λ (IFN-λ) is critical for host viral defense at mucosal surfaces and stimulates immunomodulatory signals, acting on epithelial cells and few other cell types due to restricted IFN-λ receptor expression. Epithelial cells of the intestine play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and the related type II interferons (IFN-γ) have been extensively studied in the context of IBD. However, a role for IFN-λ in IBD onset and progression remains unclear. Recent investigations of IFN-λ in IBD are beginning to uncover complex and sometimes opposing actions, including pro-healing roles in colonic epithelial tissues and potentiation of epithelial cell death in the small intestine. Additionally, IFN-λ has been shown to act through non-epithelial cell types, such as neutrophils, to protect against excessive inflammation. In most cases IFN-λ demonstrates an ability to coordinate the host antiviral response without inducing collateral hyperinflammation, suggesting that IFN-λ signaling pathways could be a therapeutic target in IBD. This mini review discusses existing data on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, current gaps in the research, and therapeutic potential of modulating the IFN-λ-stimulated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Wallace
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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47
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Lauxmann MA, Vazquez DS, Schilbert HM, Neubauer PR, Lammers KM, Dodero VI. From celiac disease to coccidia infection and vice-versa: The polyQ peptide CXCR3-interaction axis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100101. [PMID: 34705290 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zonulin is a physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, which upregulation is involved in several diseases like celiac disease (CeD). The polyQ gliadin fragment binds to the CXCR3 chemokine receptor that activates zonulin upregulation, leading to increased intestinal permeability in humans. Here, we report a general hypothesis based on the structural connection between the polyQ sequence of the immunogenic CeD protein, gliadin, and enteric coccidian parasites proteins. Firstly, a novel interaction pathway between the parasites and the host is described based on the structural similarities between polyQ gliadin fragments and the parasite proteins. Secondly, a potential connection between coccidial infections as a novel environmental trigger of CeD is hypothesized. Therefore, this report represents a promising breakthrough for coccidian research and points out the potential role of coccidian parasites as a novel trigger of CeD that might define a preventive strategy for gluten-related disorders in general. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/oMaQasStcFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lauxmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Campus Clinic Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Diego S Vazquez
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB-IMBICE), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hanna M Schilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany.,Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) & Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Pia R Neubauer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Veronica I Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
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Vanuytsel T, Tack J, Farre R. The Role of Intestinal Permeability in Gastrointestinal Disorders and Current Methods of Evaluation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:717925. [PMID: 34513903 PMCID: PMC8427160 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.717925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased intestinal permeability has been described in various gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, the concept and definition of intestinal permeability is relatively broad and includes not only an altered paracellular route, regulated by tight junction proteins, but also the transcellular route involving membrane transporters and channels, and endocytic mechanisms. Paracellular intestinal permeability can be assessed in vivo by using different molecules (e.g., sugars, polyethylene glycols, 51Cr-EDTA) and ex vivo in Ussing chambers combining electrophysiology and probes of different molecular sizes. The latter is still the gold standard technique for assessing the epithelial barrier function, whereas in vivo techniques, including putative blood biomarkers such as intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and zonulin, are broadly used despite limitations. In the second part of the review, the current evidence of the role of impaired barrier function in the pathophysiology of selected gastrointestinal and liver diseases is discussed. Celiac disease is one of the conditions with the best evidence for impaired barrier function playing a crucial role with zonulin as its proposed regulator. Increased permeability is clearly present in inflammatory bowel disease, but the question of whether this is a primary event or a consequence of inflammation remains unsolved. The gut-liver axis with a crucial role in impaired intestinal barrier function is increasingly recognized in chronic alcoholic and metabolic liver disease. Finally, the current evidence does not support an important role for increased permeability in bile acid diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Metabolism and Ageing, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Metabolism and Ageing, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farre
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Metabolism and Ageing, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Nomura E, Sujino T, Hosoe N, Yoshimatsu Y, Tanemoto S, Takabayashi K, Mutaguchi M, Shimoda M, Naganuma M, Ogata H, Kanai T. Characteristics of the Mucosal Surface on Scanning Electron Microscopy in Patients with Remitting Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3141-3148. [PMID: 32955688 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic intestinal epithelial damage, and previous studies have evaluated the epithelial structure of patients with active UC using electron microscopy. AIMS This study aimed to assess the intestinal epithelial structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the features of patients with UC who are in remission. METHODS In total, eight healthy controls and 20 patients with UC were enrolled, and colonic tissue samples from the cecum and rectum were collected. Then, we compared the epithelial surface structure on SEM between patients with UC who are in clinical remission and healthy controls. RESULTS In healthy controls, the colonic surface comprises small lobes (termed units), with one crypt located in the middle of each unit. In patients with UC, we found irregular unit and crypt mouth size, double crypt sign (> 1 crypt per unit), and lower number of small vesicles in the intestinal epithelial cells. Compared with healthy controls, patients with UC often presented with irregular unit size, double crypt sign, and irregular crypt mouth size in the rectum. The small vesicles were observed less frequently in patients with UC than in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS SEM revealed a unique epithelial structure in patients with UC who are in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshimatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Tanemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takabayashi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Mutaguchi
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimoda
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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