1
|
Morito K, Ali H, Kishino S, Tanaka T. Fatty Acid Metabolism in Peroxisomes and Related Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38811487 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the functions of peroxisomes is the oxidation of fatty acids (FAs). The importance of this function in our lives is evidenced by the presence of peroxisomal disorders caused by the genetic deletion of proteins involved in these processes. Unlike mitochondrial oxidation, peroxisomal oxidation is not directly linked to ATP production. What is the role of FA oxidation in peroxisomes? Recent studies have revealed that peroxisomes supply the building blocks for lipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitate intracellular carbon recycling for membrane quality control. Accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are peroxisomal substrates, is a diagnostic marker in many types of peroxisomal disorders. However, the relationship between VLCFA accumulation and various symptoms of these disorders remains unclear. Recently, we developed a method for solubilizing VLCFAs in aqueous media and found that VLCFA toxicity could be mitigated by oleic acid replenishment. In this chapter, we present the physiological role of peroxisomal FA oxidation and the knowledge obtained from VLCFA-accumulating peroxisome-deficient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Morito
- Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Division of Biological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadžak A, Brkljača Z, Eraković M, Kriechbaum M, Maltar-Strmečki N, Přibyl J, Šegota S. Puncturing lipid membranes: onset of pore formation and the role of hydrogen bonding in the presence of flavonoids. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100430. [PMID: 37611869 PMCID: PMC10518586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation induce detrimental structural changes in cell membranes, such as the formation of water pores, which occur in the presence of lipids with partially oxidized chains. However, the influence of another class of products, dicarboxylic acids, is still unclear. These products have greater mobility in the lipid bilayer, which enables their aggregation and the formation of favorable sites for the appearance of pores. Therefore, dodecanedioic acid (DDA) was selected as a model product. Additionally, the influence of several structurally different flavonoids on DDA aggregation via formation of hydrogen bonds with carboxyl groups was investigated. The molecular dynamics of DDA in DOPC lipid bilayer revealed the formation of aggregates extending over the hydrophobic region of the bilayer and increasing its polarity. Consequently, water penetration and the appearance of water wires was observed, representing a new step in the mechanism of pore formation. Furthermore, DDA molecules were found to interact with lipid polar groups, causing them to be buried in the bilayer. The addition of flavonoids to the system disrupted aggregate formation, resulting in the displacement of DDA molecules from the center of the bilayer. The placement of DDA and flavonoids in the lipid bilayer was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Atomic force microscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance were used to characterize the structural properties. The presence of DDA increased bilayer roughness and decreased the ordering of lipid chains, confirming its detrimental effects on the membrane surface, while flavonoids were found to reduce or reverse these changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sadžak
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zlatko Brkljača
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Zhang L, Yao H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shang L, Chen X, Zeng J. Long-chain dicarboxylic acids play a critical role in inducing peroxisomal β-oxidation and hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105174. [PMID: 37599002 PMCID: PMC10494467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies provide evidence that peroxisomal β-oxidation negatively regulates mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation causes hepatic lipid accumulation. However, whether there exists a triggering mechanism inducing peroxisomal β-oxidation is not clear. Long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LCDAs) are the product of mono fatty acids subjected to ω-oxidation, and both fatty acid ω-oxidation and peroxisomal β-oxidation are induced under ketogenic conditions, indicating there might be a crosstalk between. Here, we revealed that administration of LCDAs strongly induces peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation and causes hepatic steatosis in mice through the metabolites acetyl-CoA and hydrogen peroxide. Under ketogenic conditions, upregulation of fatty acid ω-oxidation resulted in increased generation of LCDAs and induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation, which causes hepatic accumulation of lipid droplets in animals. Inhibition of fatty acid ω-oxidation reduced LCDA formation and significantly lowered peroxisomal β-oxidation and improved hepatic steatosis. Our results suggest that endogenous LCDAs act as triggering molecules inducing peroxisomal β-oxidation and hepatic triacylglycerol deposition. Targeting fatty acid ω-oxidation might be an effective pathway in treating fatty liver and related metabolic diseases through regulating peroxisomal β-oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Haoya Yao
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yaoqing Wang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lin Shang
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zeng
- School of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang W, Choi D, Son B, Park S, Park T. Activation of OR10A3 by Suberic Acid Promotes Collagen Synthesis in UVB-Irradiated Dermal Fibroblasts via the cAMP-Akt Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243961. [PMID: 36552724 PMCID: PMC9776755 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in the ectopic roles of olfactory receptors (ORs) throughout the human body. Especially, the ectopic function of OR in the skin is one of the most actively researched areas. Suberic acid, a scent compound, was hypothesized to increase collagen synthesis in the ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (Hs68) through a specific olfactory receptor. Suberic acid ameliorated UVB-induced decreases in collagen production in Hs68 cells. Using in silico docking to predict the binding conformation and affinity of suberic acid to 15 ectopic ORs detectable in Hs68, several ORs were identified as promising candidates. The effect of suberic acid on collagen synthesis in UVB-exposed dermal fibroblasts was nullified only by a reduction in OR10A3 expression via specific siRNA. In addition, using the cells transiently expressing OR10A3, we demonstrated that suberic acid can activate OR10A3 by assessing the downstream effector cAMP response element (CRE) luciferase activity. We examined that the activation of OR10A3 by suberic acid subsequently stimulates collagen synthesis via the downstream cAMP-Akt pathway. The findings support OR10A3 as a promising target for anti-aging treatments of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Taesun Park
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3123; Fax: +82-2-365-3118
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Yao H, Chen X, Shang L, Li P, Cui X, Zeng J. Peroxisome-generated succinate induces lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101660. [PMID: 35124006 PMCID: PMC8881667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes normally causes lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the kidneys, which plays a critical role in the onset of diabetic nephropathy; however, the mechanism by which dysregulated fatty acid metabolism increases lipid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the diabetic kidney is not clear. As succinate is remarkably increased in the diabetic kidney, and accumulation of succinate suppresses mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and increases ROS formation, we hypothesized that succinate might play a role in inducing lipid and ROS accumulation in the diabetic kidney. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which diabetes induces lipid and ROS accumulation in the kidney of diabetic animals. We show that enhanced oxidation of dicarboxylic acids by peroxisomes leads to lipid and ROS accumulation in the kidney of diabetic mice via the metabolite succinate. Furthermore, specific suppression of peroxisomal β-oxidation improved diabetes-induced nephropathy by reducing succinate generation and attenuating lipid and ROS accumulation in the kidneys of the diabetic mice. We suggest that peroxisome-generated succinate acts as a pathological molecule inducing lipid and ROS accumulation in kidney, and that specifically targeting peroxisomal β-oxidation might be an effective strategy in treating diabetic nephropathy and related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernard A, Le May C, Dastugue A, Ayer A, Blanchard C, Martin JC, Pais de Barros JP, Delaby P, Le Bourgot C, Ledoux S, Besnard P. The Tryptophan/Kynurenine Pathway: A Novel Cross-Talk between Nutritional Obesity, Bariatric Surgery and Taste of Fat. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041366. [PMID: 33921805 PMCID: PMC8073116 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) reduces the orosensory perception of lipids in rodents and in some humans. Although bariatric surgery partially corrects this alteration, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To explore whether metabolic changes might explain this fat taste disturbance, plasma metabolome analyses, two-bottle choice tests and fungiform papillae (Fun) counting were performed in vertical sleeve gastrectomized (VSG) mice and sham-operated controls. An exploratory clinic study was also carried out in adult patients undergone a VSG. In mice, we found that (i) the VSG reduces both the plasma neurotoxic signature due to the tryptophan/kynurenine (Trp/Kyn) pathway overactivation and the failure of fat preference found in sham-operated DIO mice, (ii) the activity of Trp/Kyn pathway is negatively correlated to the density of Fun, and (iii) the pharmacological inhibition of the Kyn synthesis mimics in non-operated DIO mice the positive effects of VSG (i.e., decrease of Kyn synthesis, increase of Fun number, improvement of the fat taste perception). In humans, a reduction of the plasma Kyn level is only found in patients displaying a post-surgery improvement of their fat taste sensitivity. Altogether these data provide a plausible metabolic explanation to the degradation of the orosensory lipid perception observed in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bernard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Cédric Le May
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Aurélie Dastugue
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | - Audrey Ayer
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Blanchard
- UMR 1087 INSERM/6291 CNRS Université de Nantes, l’Institut du Thorax, 44000 Nantes, France; (C.L.M.); (A.A.); (C.B.)
| | | | - Jean-Paul Pais de Barros
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
| | | | | | - Séverine Ledoux
- Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Louis Mourier (APHP), Colombes and Université de Paris, 92700 Nanterre, France;
- Fonctions Gastro-Intestinales, Métaboliques et Physiopathologies Nutritionnelles INSERM UMR1149, CEDEX 18, 75890 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Besnard
- UMR 1231 Lipides/Nutrition/Cancer INSERM/Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/AgroSupDijon, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.B.); (A.D.); (J.-P.P.d.B.)
- Physiologie de la Nutrition, AgroSup Dijon, 26 Bd Dr Petitjean, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Castor KJ, Shenoi S, Edminster SP, Tran T, King KS, Chui H, Pogoda JM, Fonteh AN, Harrington MG. Urine dicarboxylic acids change in pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease and reflect loss of energy capacity and hippocampal volume. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231765. [PMID: 32298384 PMCID: PMC7162508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive biomarkers will enable widespread screening and early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We hypothesized that the considerable loss of brain tissue in AD will result in detection of brain lipid components in urine, and that these will change in concert with CSF and brain biomarkers of AD. We examined urine dicarboxylic acids (DCA) of carbon length 3–10 to reflect products of oxidative damage and energy generation or balance that may account for changes in brain function in AD. Mean C4-C5 DCAs were lower and mean C7-C10 DCAs were higher in the urine from AD compared to cognitively healthy (CH) individuals. Moreover, mean C4-C5 DCAs were lower and mean C7-C9 were higher in urine from CH individuals with abnormal compared to normal CSF amyloid and Tau levels; i.e., the apparent urine changes in AD also appeared to be present in CH individuals that have CSF risk factors of early AD pathology. In examining the relationship between urine DCAs and AD biomarkers, we found short chain DCAs positively correlated with CSF Aβ42, while C7-C10 DCAs negatively correlated with CSF Aβ42 and positively correlated with CSF Tau levels. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation of C7-C10 DCAs with hippocampal volume (p < 0.01), which was not found in the occipital volume. Urine measures of DCAs have an 82% ability to predict cognitively healthy participants with normal CSF amyloid/Tau. These data suggest that urine measures of increased lipoxidation and dysfunctional energy balance reflect early AD pathology from brain and CSF biomarkers. Measures of urine DCAs may contribute to personalized healthcare by indicating AD pathology and may be utilized to explore population wellness or monitor the efficacy of therapies in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Castor
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - S. Shenoi
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - S. P. Edminster
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - T. Tran
- Clinical MR Unit, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - K. S. King
- Clinical MR Unit, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - H. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - J. M. Pogoda
- Cipher Biostatistics & Reporting, Reno, NV, United States of America
| | - A. N. Fonteh
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANF); (MGH)
| | - M. G. Harrington
- Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ANF); (MGH)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niu J, Zhang J, Wei L, Ma X, Zhang W, Nie C. Cottonseed meal fermented by Candida tropical reduces the fat deposition in white-feather broilers through cecum bacteria-host metabolic cross-talk. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4345-4357. [PMID: 32232527 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of cottonseed meal fermented by Candida tropicalis (FCSM) on fat deposition, cecum microbiota, and metabolites and their interactions were studied in broilers. A total of 180 1-day-old broilers were randomly assigned into two groups with six replicates of 15 birds in each. The birds were offered two diets consisted one control, i.e., supplemented with 0% FCSM (CON) and an experimental, with 6% FCSM (FCSM). Illumina MiSeq sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to investigate the profile changes of the cecum microbes and metabolites and the interactions among fat deposition, microbes, and metabolites. Results showed that at the age of 21 days, both the abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat thickness of the experimental birds decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in response to the dietary FCSM supplementation. The predominant microbial flora in cecum consisted Bacteroidetes (53.55%), Firmicutes (33.75%), and Proteobacteria (8.61%). FCSM diet increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides but decreased obese microbial including Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Anaerofilum. Cecum metabolomics analysis revealed that lipids, organic acids, vitamins, and peptides were significantly altered by adding FCSM in diet. Correlation analysis showed that abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat thickness related negatively with Bacteroides while the same related positively with Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Moreover, abdominal fat and subcutaneous fat thickness were related negatively with nicotinic acid, sebacic acid, thymidine, and succinic acid. These findings indicated that FCSM reduced the fat deposition by regulating cecum microbiota and metabolites in broilers. The results are contributory to the development of probiotics and the improvement in the production of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Niu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, North Street 4, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqing Wei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, North Street 4, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, North Street 4, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Cunxi Nie
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, North Street 4, Xinjiang, 832000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Niu JL, Zhang J, Wei LQ, Zhang WJ, Nie CX. Effect of Fermented Cottonseed Meal on the Lipid-Related Indices and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E930. [PMID: 31703286 PMCID: PMC6912724 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes of lipid-related gene and serum metabolites in broiler chickens fed with fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) diet, through quantitative real-time PCR and metabolomics analysis. Totally, 180 1-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly assigned to two groups with six replicates of 15 birds in each. The two diets consisted of a control diet supplemented with 0% FCSM (CON group) and an experimental diet with 6% FCSM (fermented by Candida tropicalis) replacing the soybean meal (FCSM group). The results showed that both abdominal fat content and subcutaneous fat thickness significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in response to dietary FCSM supplementation at the age of 21 d. Serum concentrations of glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05) in FCSM fed broilers compared with CON fed broilers, while the levels of epinephrine and growth hormone in serum, liver and abdominal fat tissue were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than in CON fed broilers. The activity of hormone-sensitive esterase and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver and abdominal fat were higher (p < 0.05) in FCSM than CON group. Additionally, compared with the CON group (p < 0.05), the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and LPL genes were upregulated in the livers of FCSM group broilers. Gene expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase and LPL in the abdominal fat tissue were also upregulated (p < 0.05) with the broilers fed with FCSM diets. A total of 20 significantly different metabolites were obtained in the serum of different dietary FCSM supplemented fed broilers. The mainly altered pathways were clustered into organic acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. These results not only provide a better understanding of broilers' lipid metabolism with FCSM but also can be helpful in further improvement of the broilers' healthy production and utilization of FCSM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Niu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lian-Qing Wei
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
| | - Cun-Xi Nie
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (J.-L.N.); (L.-Q.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Delplancke TDJ, Wu Y, Han TL, Joncer LR, Qi H, Tong C, Baker PN. Metabolomics of Pregnancy Complications: Emerging Application of Maternal Hair. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2815439. [PMID: 30662903 PMCID: PMC6312607 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2815439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of metabolomics has begun to receive increasing international attention, especially as it pertains to medical research. This is due in part to the potential for discovery of new biomarkers in the metabolome and to a new understanding of the "exposome", which refers to the endogenous and exogenous compounds that reflect external exposures. Consequently, metabolomics research into pregnancy-related issues has increased. Biomarkers discovered through metabolomics may shed some light on the etiology of certain pregnancy-related complications and their adverse effects on future maternal health and infant development and improve current clinical management. The discoveries and methods used in these studies will be compiled and summarized within the following paper. A further focus of this paper is the use of hair as a biological sample, which is gaining increasing attention across diverse fields due to its noninvasive sampling method and the metabolome stability. Its significance in exposome studies will be considered in this review, as well as the potential to associate exposures with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Currently, hair has been used in only two metabolomics studies relating to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut D. J. Delplancke
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lingga R. Joncer
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Philip N. Baker
- International Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- College of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Delplancke TDJ, de Seymour JV, Tong C, Sulek K, Xia Y, Zhang H, Han TL, Baker PN. Analysis of sequential hair segments reflects changes in the metabolome across the trimesters of pregnancy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:36. [PMID: 29311683 PMCID: PMC5758601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair metabolome has been recognized as a valuable source of information in pregnancy research, as it provides stable metabolite information that could assist with studying biomarkers or metabolic mechanisms of pregnancy and its complications. We tested the hypothesis that hair segments could be used to reflect a metabolite profile containing information from both endogenous and exogenous compounds accumulated during the nine months of pregnancy. Segments of hair samples corresponding to the trimesters were collected from 175 pregnant women in New Zealand. The hair samples were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In healthy pregnancies, 56 hair metabolites were significantly different between the first and second trimesters, while 62 metabolites were different between the first and third trimesters (p < 0.05). Additionally, three metabolites in the second trimester hair samples were significantly different between healthy controls and women who delivered small-for-gestational-age infants (p < 0.05), and ten metabolites in third trimester hair were significantly different between healthy controls and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (p < 0.01). The findings from this pilot study provide improved insight into the changes of the hair metabolome during pregnancy, as well as highlight the potential of the maternal hair metabolome to differentiate pregnancy complications from healthy pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut D J Delplancke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Chao Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Karolina Sulek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, 3b, 6.6.24, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- International Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Philip N Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- International Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He X, de Seymour JV, Sulek K, Qi H, Zhang H, Han TL, Villas-Bôas SG, Baker PN. Maternal hair metabolome analysis identifies a potential marker of lipid peroxidation in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:119-22. [PMID: 25904507 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jamie V de Seymour
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Level 2, Building 505, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Level 2, Building 505, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Level 2, Building 505, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Silas G Villas-Bôas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip N Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Level 2, Building 505, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lokhov PG, Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Archakov AI, Shestakova EA, Shestakova MV, Dedov II. Diagnosing impaired glucose tolerance using direct infusion mass spectrometry of blood plasma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105343. [PMID: 25202985 PMCID: PMC4159123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity for mass spectrometry of blood plasma to diagnose impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). For this study, blood plasma samples from control subjects (n = 30) and patients with IGT (n = 20) were treated with methanol and low molecular weight fraction were then analyzed by direct infusion mass spectrometry. A total of 51 metabolite ions strongly associated with IGT were detected. The area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for diagnosing IGT that was based on an analysis of all these metabolites was 0.93 (accuracy 90%, specificity 90%, and sensitivity 90%). The associated reproducibility was 85%. The metabolites identified were also consistent with risk factors previously associated with the development of diabetes. Thus, direct infusion mass spectrometry of blood plasma metabolites represents a rapid, single-step, and reproducible method for the analysis of metabolites. Moreover, this method has the potential to serve as a prototype for clinical analyses that could replace the currently used glucose tolerance test with a more patient-friendly assay.
Collapse
|
15
|
du Preez I, Loots DT. New sputum metabolite markers implicating adaptations of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and vice versa. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:330-7. [PMID: 23477940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a metabolomics research approach was used to identify new tuberculosis (TB) markers from sputum, in an attempt to better characterise the disease as well as the metabolic response of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. After GCxGC-TOFMS analyses, various multivariate and univariate statistical methods were implemented to identify those compounds best describing the variation between the TB-positive and TB-negative patient groups. The interpretation of these new metabolite markers led to a number of new hypotheses, including: 1) support of the previously proposed citramalate cycle in M. tuberculosis; 2) the interaction of this cycle with an up-regulated glyoxylate cycle during pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection; 3) the increased utilisation of fatty acids and glutamate as alternative carbon sources by M. tuberculosis during pulmonary infection; 4) an alternative mechanism by which the host produces hydrogen peroxide via glucose oxidation, in order to eliminate the bacterial infection; 5) inhibition of the ETC due to pronounced oxidative stress during an active TB disease state, resulting in increased concentrations of various neurotransmitters and other metabolites previously associated with an inborn error of metabolism (MADD/GA type II); and 6) elevated concentrations of neurotransmitters associated with a number of previously described symptoms of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I du Preez
- Centre for Human Metabonomics, School for Physical and Chemical Sciences, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kałużna-Czaplińska J. Noninvasive urinary organic acids test to assess biochemical and nutritional individuality in autistic children. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:686-91. [PMID: 21300048 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantitative organic acid testing can give information about potential problems, especially with energy production, neurotransmitter metabolism, intestinal dysbiosis and nutritional individuality which is very important in autistic children. The aim of this study was to find out potential differences between the levels of organic acids in the urine of autistic and non-autistic children. DESIGN AND METHODS The organic acids in the urine were determined by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). All overnight urine samples were collected from 35 autistic children and 36 neurologically normal children as healthy controls (4-10 years). RESULTS Significant differences were found between the autistic children and the control group in organic acids: 2-oxoglutaric, isocitric, citric, 4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, hippuric, adipic, suberic (all with p<0.05). CONCLUSION Organic acids test can be used to assess an individual need for nutrient and biochemical abnormalities, especially important for autistic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kałużna-Czaplińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 116 Zeromskiego Str., 90–924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Todoroki K, Yoshida H, Hayama T, Itoyama M, Nohta H, Yamaguchi M. Highly sensitive and selective derivatization-LC method for biomolecules based on fluorescence interactions and fluorous separations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 879:1325-37. [PMID: 21190905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence derivatization LC method is a powerful tool for the analysis with high sensitivity and selectivity of biological compounds. In this review, we introduce new types of fluorescence derivatization LC analysis methods. These are (1) detection-selective derivatization methods based on fluorescence interactions generated from fluorescently labeled analytes: excimer fluorescence derivatization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) derivatization; (2) separation-selective derivatization methods using the fluorous separation technique: fluorous derivatization, F-trap fluorescence derivatization, and fluorous scavenging derivatization (FSD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Todoroki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang H, Liang C, Liu X, Jiang Q, He Z, Wu J, Pan X, Ren Y, Fan M, Li M, Wu Z. Palmitic acid promotes endothelial progenitor cells apoptosis via p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers using a simultaneous competitive/non-competitive micromosaic immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 640:1-6. [PMID: 19362613 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays represent a core workhorse methodology for many applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. In traditional formats such as the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), analytes are measured singly or in small sets. As more biomarkers are identified for disease states, there is a need to develop methods that can measure multiple markers simultaneously. Immunoaffinity arrays are one such chemistry that can achieve multi-marker screening. Most arrays are performed in either competitive or non-competitive formats, where the former are used predominantly for small molecules and the later for macromolecules. To date, ELISA and immunoaffinity array methods have relied exclusively on one of these formats and not the other. Here an immunoaffinity array method capable of performing simultaneous competitive and non-competitive analysis generated using micromosaic immunoassay techniques is introduced for the analysis of metabolites and proteins. In this report, three markers of oxidative stress were used as a model system. The method described here demonstrates the simultaneous analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine, by indirect competitive immunoassay while the enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase are analyzed by non-competitive sandwich immunoassay. The method requires less than 1 microL sample and 45 min for completion. Logistic curve fits and LOD (limits of detection) statistical analysis of the binding results are presented and show good agreement with published data for these antibody-antigen systems.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yoshida H, Araki J, Sonoda J, Nohta H, Ishida J, Hirose S, Yamaguchi M. Screening method for organic aciduria by spectrofluorometric measurement of total dicarboxylic acids in human urine based on intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
21
|
Reis A, Domingues MRM, Amado FML, Ferrer-Correia AJV, Domingues P. Identification of linoleic acid free radicals and other breakdown products using spin trapping with liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 20:109-18. [PMID: 15981198 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid radical products formed by radical reaction (Fenton conditions) were trapped using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-N-oxide (DMPO) and analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The linoleic acid radical species detected as DMPO spin adducts comprised oxidized linoleic acid and short-chain radical species that resulted from the breakdown of carbon and oxygen centred radicals. Based on the m/z values, the short-chain products were identified as alkyl and carboxylic acid DMPO radical adducts that exhibited different elution times. The ions identified as DMPO radical adducts were studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The LC-MS/MS spectra of linoleic acid DMPO radical adducts exhibited the fragment ion at m/z 114 and/or the loss of neutral molecule of 113 Da (DMPO) or 131 Da (DMPO + H2O), indicated to be DMPO adducts. The short-chain products identified allowed inference of the radical oxidation along the linoleic acid chain by abstraction of hydrogen atoms in carbon atoms ranging from C-8 to C-14. Other ions containing the fragment ion at m/z 114 in the LC-MS/MS spectra were attributed to DMPO adducts of unsaturated aldehydes, hydroxy-aldehydes and oxocarboxylic acids. The identification of aldehydic products formed by radical oxidation of linoleic acid peroxidation products, as short-chain product DMPO adducts, is a means of identifying lipid peroxidation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Reis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nohta H, Sonoda J, Yoshida H, Satozono H, Ishida J, Yamaguchi M. Liquid chromatographic determination of dicarboxylic acids based on intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1010:37-44. [PMID: 14503814 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective fluorimetric determination method for dicarboxylic acids (C5-C12) has been developed. This method is based on an intramolecular excimer-forming fluorescence derivatization with a pyrene reagent, 4-(1-pyrene)butyric acid hydrazide (PBH), followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC). The carboxylic acids were converted to the corresponding dipyrene-labeled derivatives by reaction with PBH in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. The derivatives afforded intramolecular excimer fluorescence (450-550 nm) which can clearly be discriminated from the normal fluorescence (370-420 nm) emitted from PBH and monopyrene-labeled derivatives of monocarboxylic acids. The structures of the derivatives and the emission of excimer fluorescence were studied by LC with mass spectrometry and with spectrofluorimetry, respectively. The PBH derivatives of the carboxylic acids could be separated by reversed-phase LC on an ODS column with isocratic elution. The detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) were 1.3 fmol to undetectable for a 20-microl injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nohta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|