1
|
Asare-Werehene M, Hunter RA, Gerber E, Reunov A, Brine I, Chang CY, Chang CC, Shieh DB, Burger D, Anis H, Tsang BK. The Application of an Extracellular Vesicle-Based Biosensor in Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Chemoresponsiveness in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092566. [PMID: 37174032 PMCID: PMC10177169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most fatal gynecological cancer with late diagnosis and plasma gelsolin (pGSN)-mediated chemoresistance representing the main obstacles to treatment success. Since there is no reliable approach to diagnosing patients at an early stage as well as predicting chemoresponsiveness, there is an urgent need to develop a diagnostic platform for such purposes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are attractive biomarkers given their potential accuracy for targeting tumor sites. METHODS We have developed a novel biosensor which utilizes cysteine-functionalized gold nanoparticles that simultaneously bind to cisplatin (CDDP) and plasma/cell-derived EVs, affording us the advantage of predicting OVCA chemoresponsiveness, and early diagnosis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS We found that pGSN regulates cortactin (CTTN) content resulting in the formation of nuclear- and cytoplasmic-dense granules facilitating the secretion of sEVs carrying CDDP; a strategy used by resistant cells to survive CDDP action. The clinical utility of the biosensor was tested and subsequently revealed that the sEV/CA125 ratio outperformed CA125 and sEV individually in predicting early stage, chemoresistance, residual disease, tumor recurrence, and patient survival. CONCLUSION These findings highlight pGSN as a potential therapeutic target and provide a potential diagnostic platform to detect OVCA earlier and predict chemoresistance; an intervention that will positively impact patient-survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Robert A Hunter
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Emma Gerber
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Arkadiy Reunov
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, 2320 Notre Dame Avenue, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Isaiah Brine
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10529, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Oral Medicine and Department of Stomatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Dylan Burger
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Hanan Anis
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gelsolin as a Potential Clinical Biomarker in Psoriasis Vulgaris. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051801. [PMID: 36902587 PMCID: PMC10003618 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although discovering novel biomarkers for psoriasis is challenging, it may play an essential role in diagnosis, severity assessment, and prediction of treatment outcome and prognosis. The study was aimed to determine potential serum biomarkers of psoriasis via proteomic data analysis and clinical validity assessment. Thirty-one subjects manifested psoriasis and 19 subjects were healthy volunteers who were enrolled in the study. Protein expression was performed via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) using psoriasis patients' sera before and after treatment and sera of patients without psoriasis. Image analysis was then performed. Nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) experiments subsequently identified points showing differential expression in 2-DE image analysis. To measure levels of candidate proteins to validate results obtained from 2-DE, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then conducted. Gelsolin was identified as a potential protein through LC-MS/MS analysis and database search. Serum gelsolin levels were lower in the groups of psoriasis patients before treatment than in the control group and the group of psoriasis patients after treatment. Additionally, in subgroup analysis, serum gelsolin level was correlated with various clinical severity scores. In conclusion, low serum gelsolin levels are associated with the severity of psoriasis, proposing the potential role of gelsolin as a biomarker for severity assessment and evaluation of treatment response of psoriasis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Onuma T, Asare-Werehene M, Yoshida Y, Tsang BK. Exosomal Plasma Gelsolin Is an Immunosuppressive Mediator in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment and a Determinant of Chemoresistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203305. [PMID: 36291171 PMCID: PMC9600545 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OVCA) is the most fatal gynecologic cancer and has a 5-year survival rate less than 45%. This is mainly due to late diagnosis and drug resistance. Overexpression of plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is key contributing factor to OVCA chemoresistance and immunosuppression. Gelsolin (GSN) is a multifunctional protein that regulates the activity of actin filaments by cleavage, capping, and nucleation. Generally, it plays an important role in cytoskeletal remodeling. GSN has three isoforms: cytosolic GSN, plasma GSN (pGSN), and gelsolin-3. Exosomes containing pGSN are released and contribute to the progression of OVCA. This review describes how pGSN overexpression inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and triggers positive feedback loops of pGSN expression. It also describes the mechanisms by which exosomal pGSN promotes apoptosis and dysfunction in tumor-killing immune cells. A discussion on the potential of pGSN as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic marker is also presented herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimichi Onuma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & the Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & the Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Yoshio Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (B.K.T.)
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine & Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & the Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation (CI3), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (B.K.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hsieh CH, Wang YC. Emerging roles of plasma gelsolin in tumorigenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2022; 38:819-825. [PMID: 35942641 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein expression of gelsolin, an actin scavenger controlling cytoskeletal remodeling, cell morphology, differentiation, movement, and apoptosis, has been found to be significantly decreased in several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancers. Its extracellular isoform, called plasma gelsolin (pGSN), is one of the most abundant plasma proteins in the circulation, and has emerged as a novel diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection. Current evidence reveals that gelsolin can function as either an oncoprotein or a tumor suppressor depending on the carcinoma type. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that pGSN is also involved in immunomodulation, revealing the multifunctional roles of pGSN in tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge focusing on the roles of gelsolin in inflammation and wound healing, cancers, and tumor microenvironment. Future prospects of pGSN related studies and clinical application are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsiung Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Illescas M, Peñas A, Arenas J, Martín MA, Ugalde C. Regulation of Mitochondrial Function by the Actin Cytoskeleton. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:795838. [PMID: 34993202 PMCID: PMC8725978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.795838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of actin cytoskeleton on mitochondrial function is a growing research field, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Specific actin-binding proteins (ABPs), such as Gelsolin, have also been shown to participate in the pathophysiology of mitochondrial OXPHOS disorders through yet to be defined mechanisms. In this mini-review, we will summarize the experimental evidence supporting the fundamental roles of actin cytoskeleton and ABPs on mitochondrial trafficking, dynamics, biogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis, with a particular focus on Gelsolin involvement in mitochondrial disorders. The functional interplay between the actin cytoskeleton, ABPs and mitochondrial membranes for the regulation of cellular homeostasis thus emerges as a new exciting field for future research and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Illescas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Peñas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Ugalde
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharma RK, Goswami B, Das Mandal S, Guha A, Willard B, Ray PS. Quorum Sensing by Gelsolin Regulates Programmed Cell Death 4 Expression and a Density-Dependent Phenotype in Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1250-1264. [PMID: 34362832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quorum-sensing mechanisms that sense the density of immune cells at the site of inflammation to initiate inflammation resolution have recently been demonstrated as a major determinant of the inflammatory response. We observed a density-dependent increase in expression of the inflammatory tumor suppressor protein programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) in mouse macrophage cells. Conditioned medium from high-density cells upregulated PDCD4 expression, revealing the presence of a secreted factor(s) acting as a macrophage quorum sensor. Secreted gelsolin (GSN) was identified as the quorum-sensing autoinducer. Alteration of GSN levels changed PDCD4 expression and the density-dependent phenotype of cells. LPS induced the expression of microRNA miR-21, which downregulated both GSN and PDCD4 expression, and reversed the high-density phenotype. The high-density phenotype was correlated with an anti-inflammatory gene expression program, which was counteracted by inflammatory stimulus. Together, our observations establish the miR-21-GSN-PDCD4 regulatory network as a crucial mediator of a macrophage quorum-sensing mechanism for the control of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kumari Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Binita Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukhen Das Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Guha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Partho Sarothi Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Plasma Gelsolin Reinforces the Diagnostic Value of FGF-21 and GDF-15 for Mitochondrial Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126396. [PMID: 34203775 PMCID: PMC8232645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders (MD) comprise a group of heterogeneous clinical disorders for which non-invasive diagnosis remains a challenge. Two protein biomarkers have so far emerged for MD detection, FGF-21 and GDF-15, but the identification of additional biomarkers capable of improving their diagnostic accuracy is highly relevant. Previous studies identified Gelsolin as a regulator of cell survival adaptations triggered by mitochondrial defects. Gelsolin presents a circulating plasma isoform (pGSN), whose altered levels could be a hallmark of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the diagnostic performance of pGSN for MD relative to FGF-21 and GDF-15. Using ELISA assays, we quantified plasma levels of pGSN, FGF-21, and GDF-15 in three age- and gender-matched adult cohorts: 60 genetically diagnosed MD patients, 56 healthy donors, and 41 patients with unrelated neuromuscular pathologies (non-MD). Clinical variables and biomarkers’ plasma levels were compared between groups. Discrimination ability was calculated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Optimal cut-offs and the following diagnostic parameters were determined: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and efficiency. Comprehensive statistical analyses revealed significant discrimination ability for the three biomarkers to classify between MD and healthy individuals, with the best diagnostic performance for the GDF-15/pGSN combination. pGSN and GDF-15 preferentially discriminated between MD and non-MD patients under 50 years, whereas FGF-21 best classified older subjects. Conclusion: pGSN improves the diagnosis accuracy for MD provided by FGF-21 and GDF-15.
Collapse
|
8
|
Audley J, Gliniewicz EF, Zarember KA, Hong HS, Wald G, Kuhns DB, Kang E, Malech HL, Suffredini AF, Noveck RJ, Dinubile MJ, Levinson SL, Stossel TP, Gallin JI. Low Plasma Gelsolin Concentrations in Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Inflammation 2021; 44:270-277. [PMID: 32886268 PMCID: PMC10825630 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the secreted isoform of an intracellular actin remodeling protein found in high concentrations in human plasma. Clinical studies demonstrate reduced pGSN concentrations in several disease states, including severe trauma, burns, and sepsis. Markedly decreased pGSN concentrations in these conditions precede and predict adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we measured pGSN in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and dysregulated inflammation. pGSN was quantified using a sandwich ELISA in plasma from healthy volunteers, clinically stable CGD patients, and X-linked CGD carriers and in sera from 12 CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. pGSN was also quantified in healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin. pGSN concentrations were lower in CGD patients without active infection or systemic inflammation compared with healthy control subjects. In CGD patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, pGSN concentrations increased significantly following successful transplant. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. Despite reduction of pGSN in CGD patients, we did not detect significant changes in pGSN over 24 h following challenge of healthy volunteers with intravenous endotoxin (4 ng/kg) that elicited a febrile response. We describe, for the first time, significantly lower pGSN in clinically stable patients with CGD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Low pGSN levels in CGD patients significantly increased following bone marrow transplantation. X-linked carriers of CGD had normal pGSN. In healthy volunteers challenged with intravenous endotoxin, pGSN is not an acute phase reactant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Audley
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily F Gliniewicz
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kol A Zarember
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna S Hong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gal Wald
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony F Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Noveck
- Duke Clinical Research Unit, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - John I Gallin
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potrč M, Volk M, de Rosa M, Pižem J, Teran N, Jaklič H, Maver A, Drnovšek-Olup B, Bollati M, Vogelnik K, Hočevar A, Gornik A, Pfeifer V, Peterlin B, Hawlina M, Fakin A. Clinical and Histopathological Features of Gelsolin Amyloidosis Associated with a Novel GSN Variant p.Glu580Lys. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031084. [PMID: 33499149 PMCID: PMC7865823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gelsolin amyloidosis is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease, which typically affects the cornea, skin and sometimes other organ systems and is caused by mutations in a gene coding for gelsolin protein (GSN). We describe a novel mutation of GSN gene, p.Glu580Lys, associated with gelsolin amyloidosis in six members of a two-generation family, who exhibited lattice corneal dystrophy, loose facial skin and irregular heart rhythm. In one patient we reported optic nerve impairment, which is possibly a novel feature associated with gelsolin amyloidosis. Abstract Gelsolin amyloidosis typically presents with corneal lattice dystrophy and is most frequently associated with pathogenic GSN variant p.Asp214Asn. Here we report clinical and histopathological features of gelsolin amyloidosis associated with a novel GSN variant p.Glu580Lys. We studied DNA samples of seven members of a two-generation family. Exome sequencing was performed in the proband, and targeted Sanger sequencing in the others. The heterozygous GSN variant p.Glu580Lys was identified in six patients. The patients exhibited corneal dystrophy (5/6), loose skin (5/6) and/or heart arrhythmia (3/6) and one presented with bilateral optic neuropathy. The impact of the mutation on the protein structure was evaluated in silico. The substitution is located in the fifth domain of gelsolin protein, homologous to the second domain harboring the most common pathogenic variant p.Asp214Asn. Structural investigation revealed that the mutation might affect protein folding. Histopathological analysis showed amyloid deposits in the skin. The p.Glu580Lys is associated with corneal dystrophy, strengthening the association of the fifth domain of gelsolin protein with the typical amyloidosis phenotype. Furthermore, optic neuropathy may be related to the disease and is essential to identify before discussing corneal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Potrč
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Marija Volk
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Matteo de Rosa
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jože Pižem
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Teran
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Helena Jaklič
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Brigita Drnovšek-Olup
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Michela Bollati
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.d.R.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Katarina Vogelnik
- Department of Neurology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Alojzija Hočevar
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Ana Gornik
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Vladimir Pfeifer
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.V.); (N.T.); (H.J.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Ana Fakin
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.P.); (B.D.-O.); (A.G.); (V.P.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Altered Expression Ratio of Actin-Binding Gelsolin Isoforms Is a Novel Hallmark of Mitochondrial OXPHOS Dysfunction. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091922. [PMID: 32824961 PMCID: PMC7563380 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects are the primary cause of inborn errors of energy metabolism. Despite considerable progress on their genetic basis, their global pathophysiological consequences remain undefined. Previous studies reported that OXPHOS dysfunction associated with complex III deficiency exacerbated the expression and mitochondrial location of cytoskeletal gelsolin (GSN) to promote cell survival responses. In humans, besides the cytosolic isoform, GSN presents a plasma isoform secreted to extracellular environments. We analyzed the interplay between both GSN isoforms in human cellular and clinical models of OXPHOS dysfunction. Regardless of its pathogenic origin, OXPHOS dysfunction induced the physiological upregulation of cytosolic GSN in the mitochondria (mGSN), in parallel with a significant downregulation of plasma GSN (pGSN) levels. Consequently, significantly high mGSN-to-pGSN ratios were associated with OXPHOS deficiency both in human cells and blood. In contrast, control cells subjected to hydrogen peroxide or staurosporine treatments showed no correlation between oxidative stress or cell death induction and the altered levels and subcellular location of GSN isoforms, suggesting their specificity for OXPHOS dysfunction. In conclusion, a high mitochondrial-to-plasma GSN ratio represents a useful cellular indicator of OXPHOS defects, with potential use for future research of a wide range of clinical conditions with mitochondrial involvement.
Collapse
|
11
|
Asare-Werehene M, Communal L, Carmona E, Han Y, Song YS, Burger D, Mes-Masson AM, Tsang BK. Plasma Gelsolin Inhibits CD8 + T-cell Function and Regulates Glutathione Production to Confer Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3959-3971. [PMID: 32641415 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although initial treatment of ovarian cancer is successful, tumors typically relapse and become resistant to treatment. Because of poor infiltration of effector T cells, patients are mostly unresponsive to immunotherapy. Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is transported by exosomes (small extracellular vesicle, sEV) and plays a key role in ovarian cancer chemoresistance, yet little is known about its role in immunosurveillance. Here, we report the immunomodulatory roles of sEV-pGSN in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. In chemosensitive conditions, secretion of sEV-pGSN was low, allowing for optimal CD8+ T-cell function. This resulted in increased T-cell secretion of IFNγ, which reduced intracellular glutathione (GSH) production and sensitized chemosensitive cells to cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-induced apoptosis. In chemoresistant conditions, increased secretion of sEV-pGSN by ovarian cancer cells induced apoptosis in CD8+ T cells. IFNγ secretion was therefore reduced, resulting in high GSH production and resistance to CDDP-induced death in ovarian cancer cells. These findings support our hypothesis that sEV-pGSN attenuates immunosurveillance and regulates GSH biosynthesis, a phenomenon that contributes to chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings provide new insight into pGSN-mediated immune cell dysfunction in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and demonstrate how this dysfunction can be exploited to enhance immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meshach Asare-Werehene
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laudine Communal
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dylan Burger
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Antioxidant and Wound Healing Property of Gelsolin in 3T3-L1 Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4045365. [PMID: 32104532 PMCID: PMC7038438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4045365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Delineation of factors which affect wound healing would be of immense value to enable on-time or early healing and reduce comorbidities associated with infections or biochemical stress like diabetes. Plasma gelsolin has been identified earlier to significantly enable injury recovery compared to placebo. This study evaluates the role of rhuGSN for its antioxidant and wound healing properties in murine fibroblasts (3T3-L1 cell line). Total antioxidant capacity of rhuGSN increased in a concentration-dependent manner (0.75-200 μg/mL). Cells pretreated with 0.375 and 0.75 μg/mL rhuGSN for 24 h exhibited a significant increase in viability in a MTT assay. Preincubation of cells with rhuGSN for 24 h followed by oxidative stress induced by exposure to H2O2 for 3 h showed cytoprotective effect. rhuGSN at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL concentration showed an enhanced cell migration after 20 h of injury in a scratch wound healing assay. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were elevated in the culture supernatant. These results establish an effective role of rhuGSN against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 and in wound healing of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells.
Collapse
|
13
|
Plasma gelsolin levels in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a possible novel marker. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1881-1888. [PMID: 32002760 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-04959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory disorder affecting the joints of psoriatic patients. Gelsolin regulated the actin assembly and disassembly. Reduction in plasma gelsolin levels was detected in tissue damages, including trauma, sepsis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVES The study aims to investigate the potential role of gelsolin in PsA and to determine the association between gelsolin and the disease activity. METHODS Plasma gelsolin levels were measured in 76 PsA patients in comparison with 40 patients having psoriasis only and 40 age- and sex -matched healthy controls. RESULTS Plasma gelsolin levels were decreased in PsA patients compared to controls and psoriasis-only patients (p ˂ 0.0001). The optimal cutoff point of gelsolin was 172.5 mg/L. Gelsolin showed 92.1% sensitivity and 95% specificity in detecting PsA. But, it had 92.1% sensitivity and 80% specificity in differentiating between psoriasis and PsA. Plasma gelsolin showed a significant negative correlation with inflammatory markers as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.039; respectively). A significant negative correlation between plasma gelsolin and PsA activity was detected (p < 0.0001). The PsA activity was defined by the Disease Activity for Psoriatic Arthritis Score and the Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index. CONCLUSIONS The plasma gelsolin levels were decreased in PsA patients, suggesting that gelsolin may be implicated in the chronic joint inflammation process. Plasma gelsolin seems to be a useful predictive biomarker for diagnosing PsA and monitoring the disease activity.Key Points• This study introduces an unprecedented focus within which the relationship between the levels of plasma gelsolin and PsA is investigated• The study examines the potential role of gelsolin in PsA, and detects the association between gelsolin and the arthritis activity.• There were decreased plasma gelsolin levels in PsA patients. So, gelsolin can constitute a role in the chronic joint inflammation process.• Gelsolin may be a useful biomarker for diagnosing of PsA and monitoring the disease activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
The exosome-mediated autocrine and paracrine actions of plasma gelsolin in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. Oncogene 2019; 39:1600-1616. [PMID: 31700155 PMCID: PMC7018662 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecological cancer, due predominantly to late presentation, high recurrence rate and common chemoresistance development. The expression of the actin-associated protein cytosolic gelsolin (GSN) regulates the gynecological cancer cell fate resulting in dysregulation in chemosensitivity. In this study, we report that elevated expression of plasma gelsolin (pGSN), a secreted isoform of GSN and expressed from the same GSN gene, correlates with poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with OVCA. In addition, it is highly expressed and secreted in chemoresistant OVCA cells than its chemosensitive counterparts. pGSN, secreted and transported via exosomes (Ex-pGSN), upregulates HIF1α–mediated pGSN expression in chemoresistant OVCA cells in an autocrine manner as well as confers cisplatin resistance in otherwise chemosensitive OVCA cells. These findings support our hypothesis that exosomal pGSN promotes OVCA cell survival through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that transform chemosensitive cells to resistant counterparts. Specifically, pGSN transported via exosomes is a determinant of chemoresistance in OVCA.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang R, Rong C, Ke R, Meng S, Yan X, Ke H, Wu S. Differential proteomic analysis of serum exosomes reveals alterations in progression of Parkinson disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17478. [PMID: 31593110 PMCID: PMC6799836 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometer-sized vesicles with intercellular communication functions, and their encapsulated proteins may participate in the pathological process of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to identify the protein changes of serum exosomes in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with different disease progress types, and to identify potential biomarkers. The exosomes of PD patients with different severity and healthy control group were isolated from serum. The exosome proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry with label-free quantitative proteomics. A total of 429 proteins were identified, of which 14 were significantly different in mild and severe PD patients. The expression levels of 7 proteins, including pigmented epithelium-derived factor, afamin, apolipoprotein D and J, were significantly increased in PD patients. The expression levels of 7 proteins, including complement C1q and protein Immunoglobulin Lambda Variable 1-33 (IGLV1-33)Cluster -33, were decreased in PD patients. These differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, which confirmed that the interaction between prion diseases and ECM receptors was the most significant pathways of enrichment. The changes of proteins and pathways may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. Therefore, some of these proteins could be considered as potential biomarkers for early PD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilai Jiang
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Chunjiao Rong
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Ronghu Ke
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
| | - Shuiyan Meng
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Xiumei Yan
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| | - Honglin Ke
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaochang Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, Zhejiang Province
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pre-operative Circulating Plasma Gelsolin Predicts Residual Disease and Detects Early Stage Ovarian Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13924. [PMID: 31558772 PMCID: PMC6763481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients with suboptimal residual disease (RD) and advanced stages have poor survival. pGSN is an actin binding protein which protects OVCA cells from cisplatin-induced death. There is an urgent need to discover reliable biomarkers to optimize individualized treatment recommendations. 99 plasma samples with pre-determined CA125 were collected from OVCA patients and pGSN assayed using sandwich-based ELISA. Associations between CA125, pGSN and clinicopathological parameters were examined using Fisher’s exact test, T test and Kruskal Wallis Test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to statistically analyze clinical outcomes. At 64 µg/ml, pGSN had sensitivity and specificity of 60% and 60% respectively, for the prediction of RD where as that of CA125 at 576.5 U/mL was 43.5% and 56.5% respectively. Patients with stage 1 tumor had increased levels of pre-operative pGSN compared to those with tumor stage >1 and healthy subjects (P = 0.005). At the value of 81 µg/mL, pGSN had a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 78.4%, respectively for the detection of early stage OVCA. At the value of 0.133, the Indicator of Stage 1 OVCA (ISO1) provided a sensitivity of 100% at a specificity of 67% (AUC, 0.89; P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, pGSN (HR, 2.00; CI, 0.99–4.05; P = 0.05) was an independent significant predictor of progression free survival (PFS) but not CA125 (HR, 0.68; CI, 0.41–1.13; P = 0.13). Pre-operative circulating pGSN is a favorable and independent biomarker for early disease detection, RD prediction and patients’ prognosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Simonneau C, Kilker R, Oakley L, Byrne MD, Nichtova Z, Stefanescu I, Pardeep-Kumar F, Tripathi S, Londin E, Saugier-Veber P, Willard B, Thakur M, Pickup S, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Smeyne R, Horowitz A. Murine MPDZ-linked hydrocephalus is caused by hyperpermeability of the choroid plexus. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:emmm.201809540. [PMID: 30518636 PMCID: PMC6328942 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Though congenital hydrocephalus is heritable, it has been linked only to eight genes, one of which is MPDZ. Humans and mice that carry a truncated version of MPDZ incur severe hydrocephalus resulting in acute morbidity and lethality. We show by magnetic resonance imaging that contrast medium penetrates into the brain ventricles of mice carrying a Mpdz loss‐of‐function mutation, whereas none is detected in the ventricles of normal mice, implying that the permeability of the choroid plexus epithelial cell monolayer is abnormally high. Comparative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of normal and hydrocephalic mice revealed up to a 53‐fold increase in protein concentration, suggesting that transcytosis through the choroid plexus epithelial cells of Mpdz KO mice is substantially higher than in normal mice. These conclusions are supported by ultrastructural evidence, and by immunohistochemistry and cytology data. Our results provide a straightforward and concise explanation for the pathophysiology of Mpdz‐linked hydrocephalus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junning Yang
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Simonneau
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Kilker
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Oakley
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew D Byrne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ioana Stefanescu
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fnu Pardeep-Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sushil Tripathi
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Londin
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core Facility, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mathew Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Smeyne
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arie Horowitz
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA .,Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Protective effects of gelsolin in acute pulmonary thromboembolism and thrombosis in the carotid artery of mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215717. [PMID: 31002695 PMCID: PMC6474609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides first evidence on the role of plasma gelsolin in protecting pulmonary thromboembolism and thrombosis in a mouse model. Gelsolin is the most abundant actin depolymerizing protein in plasma and its significantly depleted values have been reported in metabolic disorders including cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. Though gelsolin replacement therapy (GRT) has been shown to be effective in some animal models, no such study has been reported for thrombotic diseases that are acutely in need of bio-therapeutics for immediate and lasting relief. Here, using mice model and recombinant human gelsolin (rhuGSN), we demonstrate the antithrombotic effect of gelsolin in ferric chloride induced thrombosis in carotid artery and thrombin induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism. In thrombosis model, arterial occlusion time was significantly enhanced upon subcutaneous (SC) treatment with 8 mg of gelsolin per mice viz. 15.83 minutes vs. 8 minutes in the placebo group. Pertinently, histopathological examination showed channel formation within the thrombi in the carotid artery following injection of gelsolin. Fluorescence molecular tomography imaging further confirmed that administration of gelsolin reduced thrombus formation following carotid artery injury. In thrombin-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism, mice pretreated with aspirin or gelsolin showed 100 and 83.33% recovery, respectively. In contrast, complete mortality of mice was observed in vehicle treated group within 5 minutes of thrombin injection. Overall, our studies provide conclusive evidence on the thrombo-protective role of plasma gelsolin in mice model of pulmonary thromboembolism and thrombosis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Plasma Gelsolin: Indicator of Inflammation and Its Potential as a Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092516. [PMID: 30149613 PMCID: PMC6164782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelsolin, an actin-depolymerizing protein expressed both in extracellular fluids and in the cytoplasm of a majority of human cells, has been recently implicated in a variety of both physiological and pathological processes. Its extracellular isoform, called plasma gelsolin (pGSN), is present in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, milk, urine, and other extracellular fluids. This isoform has been recognized as a potential biomarker of inflammatory-associated medical conditions, allowing for the prediction of illness severity, recovery, efficacy of treatment, and clinical outcome. A compelling number of animal studies also demonstrate a broad spectrum of beneficial effects mediated by gelsolin, suggesting therapeutic utility for extracellular recombinant gelsolin. In the review, we summarize the current data related to the potential of pGSN as an inflammatory predictor and therapeutic target, discuss gelsolin-mediated mechanisms of action, and highlight recent progress in the clinical use of pGSN.
Collapse
|
20
|
Han SY, Lee EM, Choi HS, Chun BH, Baek EJ. The effects of plasma gelsolin on human erythroblast maturation for erythrocyte production. Stem Cell Res 2018; 29:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
21
|
Meyer K, Kwon YC, Ray RB, Ray R. N-terminal gelsolin fragment potentiates TRAIL mediated death in resistant hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12803. [PMID: 28993697 PMCID: PMC5634413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells, without damaging normal cells. TRAIL receptors facilitate induction of apoptosis for selective elimination of malignant cells. However, some cancer cells have developed resistances to TRAIL which limits anticancer potential. Gelsolin, a multifunctional actin-binding protein, mediates cell death involving the TRAIL receptors in the hepatic stellate cell line, LX2. Here, we have shown that conditioned medium (CM) containing gelsolin fragments or an N-terminal gelsolin fragment (amino acid residues 1-70) in the presence of TRAIL impairs cell viability of TRAIL resistant transformed human hepatocytes (HepG2). Cell growth regulation by CM and TRAIL was associated with the modulation of p53/Mdm2, Erk and Akt phosphorylation status. The use of N-terminal gelsolin peptide1-70 alone or in combination with TRAIL, induced inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and key survival factors, Mdm2 and Survivin. Treatment of cells with an Akt activator SC79 or p53 siRNA reduced the effects of the N-terminal gelsolin fragment and TRAIL. Together, our study suggests that the N-terminal gelsolin fragment enhances TRAIL-induced loss of cell viability by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt and promoting p53 function, effecting cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Meyer
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Young-Chan Kwon
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mikami M, Zhang Y, Danielsson J, Joell T, Yong HM, Townsend E, Khurana S, An SS, Emala CW. Impaired Relaxation of Airway Smooth Muscle in Mice Lacking the Actin-Binding Protein Gelsolin. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:628-636. [PMID: 28118027 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0292oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse classes of ligands have recently been discovered that relax airway smooth muscle (ASM) despite a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i). However, the cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Gelsolin is a calcium-activated actin-severing and -capping protein found in many cell types, including ASM cells. Gelsolin also binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, making this substrate less available for phospholipase Cβ-mediated hydrolysis to inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. We hypothesized that gelsolin plays a critical role in ASM relaxation and mechanistically accounts for relaxation by ligands that transiently increase [Ca2+]i. Isolated tracheal rings from gelsolin knockout (KO) mice showed impaired relaxation to both a β-agonist and chloroquine, a bitter taste receptor agonist, which relaxes ASM, despite inducing transiently increased [Ca2+]i. A single inhalation of methacholine increased lung resistance to a similar extent in wild-type and gelsolin KO mice, but the subsequent spontaneous relaxation was less in gelsolin KO mice. In ASM cells derived from gelsolin KO mice, serotonin-induced Gq-coupled activation increased both [Ca2+]i and inositol triphosphate synthesis to a greater extent compared to cells from wild-type mice, possibly due to the absence of gelsolin binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Single-cell analysis showed higher filamentous:globular actin ratio at baseline and slower cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics in gelsolin KO cells. Gelsolin KO ASM cells also showed an attenuated decrease in cell stiffness to chloroquine and flufenamic acid. These findings suggest that gelsolin plays a critical role in ASM relaxation and that activation of gelsolin may contribute to relaxation induced by ligands that relax ASM despite a transient increase in [Ca2+]i.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mikami
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Yi Zhang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jennifer Danielsson
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Tiarra Joell
- 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hwan Mee Yong
- 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Townsend
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Seema Khurana
- 3 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Steven S An
- 2 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles W Emala
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Overexpression of GSN could decrease inflammation and apoptosis in EAE and may enhance vitamin D therapy on EAE/MS. Sci Rep 2017; 7:604. [PMID: 28377587 PMCID: PMC5428824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The decrease of gelsolin (GSN) in the blood has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) animals, but the protective effect of GSN on EAE/MS lacks of evidence. In our study, we increased the GSN level in EAE by injecting GSN-overexpress lentivirus (LV-GSN) into the lateral ventricle and caudal vein and found that GSN administration can delay the onset and decrease the severity of EAE. Vitamin D is proven to have a therapeutic effect on MS/EAE; however, we previously found that vitamin D caused a downregulation of GSN, which might limit vitamin D efficacy. In our current research, we obtained a better symptom and a slowing down progression in EAE after combining vitamin D treatment with a proper increase of GSN. Furthermore, we discovered that the mediation of vitamin D on GSN might occur through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by using gene interruption and overexpression to regulate the level of VDR in PC12 cells (a rat sympathetic nerve cell line). We also confirmed the anti-apoptotic function of GSN by GSN RNA interference in PC12. Collectively, these results support the therapeutic effect of GSN in EAE, which might enhance Vitamin D therapy in EAE/MS.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sinha KK, Peddada N, Jha PK, Mishra A, Pandey K, Das VNR, Ashish, Das P. Plasma Gelsolin Level in HIV-1-Infected Patients: An Indicator of Disease Severity. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:254-260. [PMID: 27700141 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is a multifunctional protein involved mainly in severing and clearing of actin filaments. Its level correlates with inflammation and several diseases making it a potential biomarker of diagnostic and prognostic values. The pGSN level in groups of treated and untreated HIV-1-infected Indian patients is investigated in this study. This study aims at investigating the levels of pGSN in HIV-1-infected patients across different age, sex, severity of disease, and treatment status. Blood samples of 213 patients were analyzed for CD4 counts by flow cytometry and pGSN was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of pGSN is significantly increased in HIV-1 infected patients (227.2 ± 54.3 μg/ml) compared to healthy volunteers (167.9 ± 61.8 μg/ml). The level correlates with CD4 cell counts as patients with lower CD4 counts showed higher pGSN levels and vice versa. Gender does not affect pGSN level; however, antiretroviral (ARV) treatment reduces pGSN toward normal. Within low CD4 cell count group, the untreated patients have 52% higher pGSN than healthy volunteers, whereas with treatment, the difference reduces to 24%. Similarly, high CD4 cell count (>350 cells/mm3) group of patients showed 44% increase in pGSN in untreated patients compared to 21% increase in treated patients. There is an upregulation of pGSN in HIV-1 infection and it is inversely correlated with CD4 cell counts. Treatment with ARV drugs decreases pGSN levels toward normal. The monitoring of pGSN level in HIV-1-infected patients could be an important indicator of severity of disease and recovery during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kislay Kumar Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Nagesh Peddada
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Anshul Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Clinical Medicine Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
| | - Vidya Nand Ravi Das
- Clinical Medicine Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
| | - Ashish
- Protein Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Molecular Biology Division, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Science, Patna, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kaneva MK, Greco KV, Headland SE, Montero-Melendez T, Mori P, Greenslade K, Pitzalis C, Moore A, Perretti M. Identification of Novel Chondroprotective Mediators in Resolving Inflammatory Exudates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2876-2885. [PMID: 28242648 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that exudates collected at the beginning of the resolution phase of inflammation might be enriched for tissue protective molecules; thus an integrated cellular and molecular approach was applied to identify novel chondroprotective bioactions. Exudates were collected 6 h (inflammatory) and 24 h (resolving) following carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats. The resolving exudate was subjected to gel filtration chromatography followed by proteomics, identifying 61 proteins. Fractions were added to C28/I2 chondrocytes, grown in micromasses, ions with or without IL-1β or osteoarthritic synovial fluids for 48 h. Three proteins were selected from the proteomic analysis, α1-antitrypsin (AAT), hemopexin (HX), and gelsolin (GSN), and tested against catabolic stimulation for their effects on glycosaminoglycan deposition as assessed by Alcian blue staining, and gene expression of key anabolic proteins by real-time PCR. In an in vivo model of inflammatory arthritis, cartilage integrity was determined histologically 48 h after intra-articular injection of AAT or GSN. The resolving exudate displayed protective activities on chondrocytes, using multiple readouts: these effects were retained in low m.w. fractions of the exudate (46.7% increase in glycosaminoglycan deposition; ∼20% upregulation of COL2A1 and aggrecan mRNA expression), which reversed the effect of IL-1β. Exogenous administration of HX, GSN, or AAT abrogated the effects of IL-1β and osteoarthritic synovial fluids on anabolic gene expression and increased glycosaminoglycan deposition. Intra-articular injection of AAT or GSN protected cartilage integrity in mice with inflammatory arthritis. In summary, the strategy for identification of novel chondroprotective activities in resolving exudates identified HX, GSN and AAT as potential leads for new drug discovery programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Kaneva
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Karin V Greco
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sarah E Headland
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Trinidad Montero-Melendez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; and
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sethi S, Dasari S, Amin MS, Vrana JA, Theis JD, Alexander MP, Kurtin PJ. Clinical, biopsy, and mass spectrometry findings of renal gelsolin amyloidosis. Kidney Int 2017; 91:964-971. [PMID: 28139293 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin amyloidosis is a rare type of amyloidosis typically involving the cranial and peripheral nerves, but rarely the kidney. Here we report the clinical, kidney biopsy, and mass spectrometry findings in 12 cases of renal gelsolin amyloidosis. Of the 12 patients, five were men and seven were women with mean age at diagnosis of 63.8 years. Gelsolin amyloidosis was most common in Caucasians (six patients) and Asians (four patients), and included one each African-American and Hispanic patients. Nephrotic syndrome was the most common cause of biopsy, although most patients also had progressive loss of kidney function. Hematological and serological evaluation was negative in 11 patients, while one patient had a monoclonal gammopathy. The renal biopsy showed large amounts of pale eosinophilic Congo red-positive amyloid deposits typically restricted to the glomeruli. Immunofluorescence studies were negative for immunoglobulins in nine cases with three cases of smudgy glomerular staining for IgG. Electron microscopy showed mostly random arrangement of amyloid fibrils with focally parallel bundles/sheets of amyloid fibrils present. Laser microdissection of the amyloid deposits followed by mass spectrometry showed large spectra numbers for gelsolin, serum amyloid P component, and apolipoproteins E and AIV. Furthermore, the p. Asn211Lys gelsolin mutation on mass spectrometry studies was detected in three patients by mass spectrometry, which appears to represent a renal-limited form of gelsolin amyloidosis. Thus, renal gelsolin amyloidosis is seen in older patients, presents with nephrotic syndrome and progressive chronic kidney disease, and histologically exhibits glomerular involvement. The diagnosis can be confirmed by mass spectrometry studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Md Shahrier Amin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Julie A Vrana
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jason D Theis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mariam P Alexander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul J Kurtin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li M, Cui F, Cheng Y, Han L, Wang J, Sun D, Liu YL, Zhou PK, Min R. Gelsolin: role of a functional protein in mitigating radiation injury. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 71:389-96. [PMID: 25164111 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to explore the protective effect of exogenous gelsolin (GSN) in mice exposed to high-dose of radiation. Changes in the levels of GSNs in peripheral blood of mice and cytoplasm of cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (HIECs) were analyzed after their exposure to different doses of (137)Cs γ-rays at a fixed dose rate. The coagulation associated indices, such as prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured. Effect on radiation-mediated oxidative damage was evaluated by estimating the altered glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the blood. The results showed that radiation induced a pronounced decrease in the pGSN blood levels. However, the cGSN levels of irradiated HIECs were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of recombinant human pGSN to irradiated mice resulted in an ameliorated clotting time as indicated by the PT and the APTT indices. The treatment of mice with hpGSN enhanced the blood levels of GSH while MDA concentrations were decreased indicating an improved antioxidant status. These results suggest that GSNs might play a regulatory role in the suppression of the tissue damage induced by acute radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Li
- Division of Radiation Medicine Department of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grubbs JK, Dekkers JCM, Huff-Lonergan E, Tuggle CK, Lonergan SM. Identification of potential serum biomarkers to predict feed efficiency in young pigs1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1482-92. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Grubbs
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - C. K. Tuggle
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S. M. Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gelsolin decreases actin toxicity and inflammation in murine multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 287:36-42. [PMID: 26439960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gelsolin is the fourth most abundant protein in the body and its depletion in the blood has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. How gelsolin affects the MS brain has not been studied. We found that while the secreted form of gelsolin (pGSN) decreased in the blood of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, pGSN concentration increased in the EAE brain. Recombinant human pGSN (rhp-GSN) decreased extracellular actin and myeloperoxidase activity in the brain, resulting in reduced disease activity and less severe clinical disease, suggesting that gelsolin could be a potential therapeutic target for MS.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ludvigsen M, Madsen C, Kamper P, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Bendix K, d'Amore F, Honoré B. Histologically transformed follicular lymphoma exhibits protein profiles different from both non-transformed follicular and de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e293. [PMID: 25768407 PMCID: PMC4382659 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Ludvigsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Madsen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P Kamper
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - K Bendix
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F d'Amore
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Expression of Cytoplasmic Gelsolin in Rat Brain After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:723-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Rowczenio D, Tennent GA, Gilbertson J, Lachmann HJ, Hutt DF, Bybee A, Hawkins PN, Gillmore JD. Clinical characteristics and SAP scintigraphic findings in 10 patients with AGel amyloidosis. Amyloid 2014; 21:276-81. [PMID: 25342098 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2014.973105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical features of hereditary gelsolin (AGel) amyloidosis include corneal lattice dystrophy, distal sensorimotor, cranial neuropathy and cutis laxa. To date, four mutations of the gelsolin (GSN) gene encoding the following variants have been identified as the cause of this malady; p.D214N, p.D214Y, p.G194R and p.N211K (this nomenclature includes the 27-residue signal peptide). Interestingly, the latter two variants are associated exclusively with a renal amyloidosis phenotype. Here we report the clinical features in 10 patients with AGel amyloidosis associated with the p.D214N mutation, all of whom underwent whole body (123)I-SAP scintigraphy and were followed up in a single UK Centre for a prolonged period. Two patients, from the same kindred presented with proteinuria; eight subjects had a characteristic AGel amyloidosis phenotype including cranial neuropathy and/or corneal lattice dystrophy. (123)I-SAP scintigraphy revealed substantial renal amyloid deposits in all 10 patients, including those with preserved renal function, and usually without tracer uptake into other visceral organs. (123)I-SAP scintigraphy is a non-invasive technique that aids early diagnosis of patients with this rare disease, especially those who lack a family history and/or present with an unusual clinical phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rowczenio
- Department of Medicine, National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, Hampstead Campus, Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School , London , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhu Y, Qin Z, Gao J, Yang M, Qin Y, Shen T, Liu S. Vitamin D Therapy in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Could be Limited by Opposing Effects of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Gelsolin Dysregulation. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:733-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
34
|
Gurniak CB, Chevessier F, Jokwitz M, Jönsson F, Perlas E, Richter H, Matern G, Boyl PP, Chaponnier C, Fürst D, Schröder R, Witke W. Severe protein aggregate myopathy in a knockout mouse model points to an essential role of cofilin2 in sarcomeric actin exchange and muscle maintenance. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:252-66. [PMID: 24598388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human actin depolymerizing factor cofilin2 result in an autosomal dominant form of nemaline myopathy. Here, we report on the targeted ablation of murine cofilin2, which leads to a severe skeletal muscle specific phenotype within the first two weeks after birth. Apart from skeletal muscle, cofilin2 is also expressed in heart and CNS, however the pathology was restricted to skeletal muscle. The two close family members of cofilin2 - ADF and cofilin1 - were co-expressed in muscle, but unable to compensate for the loss of cofilin2. While primary myofibril assembly and muscle development were unaffected in cofilin2 mutant mice, progressive muscle degeneration was observed between postnatal days 3 and 7. Muscle pathology was characterized by sarcoplasmic protein aggregates, fiber size disproportion, mitochondrial abnormalities and internal nuclei. The observed muscle pathology differed from nemaline myopathy, but showed combined features of actin-associated myopathy and myofibrillar myopathy. In cofilin2 mutant mice, the postnatal expression pattern and turnover of sarcomeric α-actin isoforms were altered. Levels of smooth muscle α-actin were increased and remained high in developing muscles, suggesting that cofilin2 plays a crucial role during the exchange of α-actin isoforms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melanie Jokwitz
- University of Bonn, Institute of Genetics, Cell Migration Unit, Germany
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Département d'Immunologie, Laboratoire Anticorps en Thérapie et Pathologie, Inserm, U.760, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Hendrik Richter
- University of Bonn, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Germany
| | - Gabi Matern
- University of Bonn, Institute of Genetics, Cell Migration Unit, Germany
| | - Pietro Pilo Boyl
- University of Bonn, Institute of Genetics, Cell Migration Unit, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Fürst
- University of Bonn, Institute of Cell Biology, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- University of Erlangen, Institute of Neuropathology, Germany
| | - Walter Witke
- University of Bonn, Institute of Genetics, Cell Migration Unit, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trichostatin A increases the levels of plasma gelsolin and amyloid beta-protein in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2014; 99:31-6. [PMID: 24486299 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gelsolin (GSN), a multifunctional protein, binds to amyloid beta-protein (Aβ), inhibits its fibrillization, solubilizes preformed Aβ fibrils, and helps in its clearance from the brain. Trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, induces the protein expression of gelsolin. In the present study, we investigated how TSA-treatment of APPswe/PS1δE9 transgenic (Tg) mice of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will affect the plasma levels of gelsolin and Aβ. MAIN METHODS TSA (5mg/kg body weight on alternate days for two months) was intraperitoneally injected to AD Tg mice. Gelsolin was measured by Western blotting and Aβ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS TSA-treatment significantly increased the levels of plasma gelsolin by 1.79-fold as compared with vehicle-treated control mice (p<0.01). The levels of Aβ 1-40 and Aβ 1-42 in the plasma were also higher in TSA-treated mice in comparison with vehicle-treated mice. The treatment of transgenic AD mice with TSA did not affect the body weight in both male and female groups as compared to vehicle-treated animals. A positive correlation was observed between the plasma levels of gelsolin and Aβ 1-40 (r=0.594, p=0.042) or Aβ 1-42 (r=0.616, p=0.033) in AD Tg mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that TSA increases the levels of plasma gelsolin and Aβ in AD Tg mice, which may have implications in gelsolin-mediated clearance of Aβ.
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu H, Liu J, Liang S, Xiong H. Plasma gelsolin protects HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal injury via voltage-gated K+ channel Kv2.1. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
37
|
Investigation of the actin scavenging system in pre-eclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 172:32-5. [PMID: 24239294 PMCID: PMC3894683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Cell injury releases actin, the most abundant cell protein. Gelsolin and vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) together depolymerise and clear cell-free actin. Impaired actin clearance is associated with several diseases and correlates with clinical outcome. The actin scavenging system was investigated in pre-eclampsia (PE), a procoagulant and proinflammatory state with placental and vascular damage. Study design Plasma gelsolin and actin free VDBP (AFVDBP) were measured in PE (early onset <33 weeks; late onset ≥36 weeks), matched normal pregnant (normP) and non-pregnant (nonPr) women, using commercially available ELISAs. Longitudinal samples from normP and women who subsequently developed PE were also analysed. Results Plasma gelsolin fell during pregnancy (p = 0.0002), with a concomitant rise in actin-free VDBP (p < 0.001). Gelsolin concentrations were only significantly lower in established PE (p < 0.05) when compared to non-pregnant controls. Conclusions We have shown that the components of the actin clearance system, gelsolin and AFVDBP, are altered in normal pregnancy and further changes occur in established PE, suggesting depleted actin clearance in PE. Whether this is a cause or consequence of PE pathophysiology requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Signaling mechanisms of glucose-induced F-actin remodeling in pancreatic islet β cells. Exp Mol Med 2013; 45:e37. [PMID: 23969997 PMCID: PMC3789261 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis is critical for survival, and is controlled by the coordination of multiple organs and endocrine systems. Pancreatic islet β cells secrete insulin in response to nutrient stimuli, and insulin then travels through the circulation promoting glucose uptake into insulin-responsive tissues such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose. Many of the genes identified in human genome-wide association studies of diabetic individuals are directly associated with β cell survival and function, giving credence to the idea that β-cell dysfunction is central to the development of type 2 diabetes. As such, investigations into the mechanisms by which β cells sense glucose and secrete insulin in a regulated manner are a major focus of current diabetes research. In particular, recent discoveries of the detailed role and requirements for reorganization/remodeling of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the regulation of insulin release from the β cell have appeared at the forefront of islet function research, having lapsed in prior years due to technical limitations. Recent advances in live-cell imaging and specialized reagents have revealed localized F-actin remodeling to be a requisite for the normal biphasic pattern of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. This review will provide an historical look at the emergent focus on the role of the actin cytoskeleton and its regulation of insulin secretion, leading up to the cutting-edge research in progress in the field today.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lokamani I, Looi ML, Md Ali SA, Mohd Dali AZH, Ahmad Annuar MA, Jamal R. Gelsolin and ceruloplasmin as potential predictive biomarkers for cervical cancer by 2D-DIGE proteomics analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:119-29. [PMID: 23925487 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify candidate proteins which may serve as potential biological markers for cervical cancer using 2D-DIGE. Serum samples of controls, patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3), squamous cell carcinoma of early (SCC I and II) and late (SCC III and IV) stage were subjected to 2D-DIGE. Differentially expressed spots were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Validation of candidate proteins in serum and tissue samples were then performed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis respectively. A total of 20 differentially expressed proteins were identified. These proteins were found to play key roles in the apoptosis pathway, complement system, various types of transportation such as hormones, fatty acids, lipid, vitamin E and drug transportation, coagulation cascade, regulation of iron and immunologic response. Based on their functional relevancy to the progression of various cancers, 4 proteins namely the complement factor H, CD5-like antigen, gelsolin and ceruloplasmin were chosen for further validation using ELISA. Biological network analysis showed that ceruloplasmin and gelsolin are closely interacted with the oncogene NF-κb. These two proteins were further validated using the IHC. Gelsolin and ceruloplasmin may serve as potential predictive biomarkers for the progression of high grade lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilambarthi Lokamani
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Level 7, Clinical Block, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (HGA) is an autosomally dominantly inherited form of systemic amyloidosis, characterized mainly by cranial and sensory peripheral neuropathy, corneal lattice dystrophy, and cutis laxa. HGA, originally reported from Finland and now increasingly from other countries in Europe, North and South America, and Asia, may still be underdiagnosed worldwide. It is the first and so-far only known disorder caused by a gelsolin gene defect, namely a G654A or G654T mutation. Gelsolin is a principal actin-modulating protein, implicated in multiple biological processes, also in the nervous system, e.g. axonal transport, myelination, neurite outgrowth, and neuroprotection. The gelsolin gene defect causes expression of variant gelsolin, followed by systemic deposition of gelsolin amyloid (AGel) in HGA patients and even other consequences on the metabolism and function of gelsolin. In HGA, specific therapy is not yet available but correct diagnosis enables adequate symptomatic treatment which decisively improves the quality of life in these patients. A transgenic murine model of HGA expressing AGel is available, in anticipation of new treatment options targeted toward this slowly progressive but devastating amyloidosis. Present and future lessons learned from HGA may be applicable even in diagnosis and treatment of other hereditary and sporadic amyloidoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sari Kiuru-Enari
- Department of Neurology, Unit for Neuromuscular Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Souza CEA, Rego JPA, Lobo CH, Oliveira JTA, Nogueira FC, Domont GB, Fioramonte M, Gozzo FC, Moreno FB, Monteiro-Moreira ACO, Figueiredo JR, Moura AA. Proteomic analysis of the reproductive tract fluids from tropically-adapted Santa Ines rams. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4436-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
42
|
Jagadish T, Pottiez G, Fox HS, Ciborowski P. Plasma gelsolin accumulates in macrophage nodules in brains of simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus macaques. J Neurovirol 2012; 18:113-9. [PMID: 22403026 PMCID: PMC3794665 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-012-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN), an isoform 1, is secreted by various types of cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, but not by the liver. pGSN circulates in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, its concentration in CSF is approximately twenty times lower than in plasma. It has been shown that several types of cells such as oligodendrocytes, neurons, and/or astrocytes contribute to the overall pool of pGSN in the CNS. Further, it has been postulated that pGSN plays multiple roles during microbial infection and modulates inflammatory responses; however, the exact mechanism of regulation is not known. We previously showed that levels of pGSN in CSF of individuals with advanced neurocognitive impairment due to HIV infection of the brain are decreased. Here, we show that macrophages express significant amounts of pGSN in response to HIV infection in vitro. Using immunohistochemistry of simian immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus monkey brains, we show that increased levels of pGSN are present in macrophage nodules creating locally a high level of this protein within the brain. This may not be reflected by the overall decreased level in the distinct CSF compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jagadish
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Solomon JP, Page LJ, Balch WE, Kelly JW. Gelsolin amyloidosis: genetics, biochemistry, pathology and possible strategies for therapeutic intervention. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 47:282-96. [PMID: 22360545 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.661401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein misassembly into aggregate structures, including cross-β-sheet amyloid fibrils, is linked to diseases characterized by the degeneration of post-mitotic tissue. While amyloid fibril deposition in the extracellular space certainly disrupts cellular and tissue architecture late in the course of amyloid diseases, strong genetic, pathological and pharmacologic evidence suggests that the process of amyloid fibril formation itself, known as amyloidogenesis, likely causes these maladies. It seems that the formation of oligomeric aggregates during the amyloidogenesis process causes the proteotoxicity and cytotoxicity characteristic of these disorders. Herein, we review what is known about the genetics, biochemistry and pathology of familial amyloidosis of Finnish type (FAF) or gelsolin amyloidosis. Briefly, autosomal dominant D187N or D187Y mutations compromise Ca(2+) binding in domain 2 of gelsolin, allowing domain 2 to sample unfolded conformations. When domain 2 is unfolded, gelsolin is subject to aberrant furin endoproteolysis as it passes through the Golgi on its way to the extracellular space. The resulting C-terminal 68 kDa fragment (C68) is susceptible to extracellular endoproteolytic events, possibly mediated by a matrix metalloprotease, affording 8 and 5 kDa amyloidogenic fragments of gelsolin. These amyloidogenic fragments deposit systemically, causing a variety of symptoms including corneal lattice dystrophy and neurodegeneration. The first murine model of the disease recapitulates the aberrant processing of mutant plasma gelsolin, amyloid deposition, and the degenerative phenotype. We use what we have learned from our biochemical studies, as well as insight from mouse and human pathology to propose therapeutic strategies that may halt the progression of FAF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Solomon
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Peddada N, Sagar A, Ashish, Garg R. Plasma gelsolin: a general prognostic marker of health. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:203-10. [PMID: 22082609 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) is the only component of two member extracellular actin scavenger system capable of severing circulating actin microfilaments. Here, we put forth the hypothesis that pGSN level is an important and sensitive general prognostic biomarker for health and disease conditions in humans, urging the need for gelsolin replacement therapy to improve patient's health status. Clinical significance and the therapeutic importance of this protein have been well illustrated in animal models as well as in patients with various diseases. Patients with decreased pGSN levels were observed to have higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay and longer ventilation time in intensive care units as compared to healthy controls. pGSN levels were found to be increasing in patients recovering from diseases; furthermore, it has been confirmed that repletion with exogenous recombinant pGSN increases the survival rate in animal models of different acute insults. To be used as a biomarker of health, however, establishing the accurate levels of gelsolin in human plasma and understanding its variance with age, race, gender and health status is a prerequisite. Upon establishing the accurate levels of pGSN in healthy individuals, this biomarker would predict the prognosis/disease progression in multiple health conditions and help in prioritizing the ones in-need of gelsolin replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Peddada
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Le HT, Hirko AC, Thinschmidt JS, Grant M, Li Z, Peris J, King MA, Hughes JA, Song S. The protective effects of plasma gelsolin on stroke outcome in rats. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2011; 3:13. [PMID: 22047744 PMCID: PMC3224589 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-3-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background To date, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only approved drug for ischemic stroke. It is intravenously administered functioning as a thrombolytic agent and is used to obtain reperfusion of the affected area of the brain. Excitotoxicity, inflammation and apoptosis are all involved in delayed neuronal death following stroke and offer multiple opportunities to intervene with neuroprotective agents. Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin- and calcium-binding protein mediating the disassembly of actin filaments and activity of calcium channels. It also functions as a regulator of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. This study tests the hypothesis that increasing the concentration of the form of GSN known as plasma GSN (pGSN) near an infarct will provide neuroprotection following ischemic stroke. Methods We induced middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in male rats via intracranial injection of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, and then treated with local delivery of pGSN. Whole brain laser Doppler perfusion imaging was performed through the skull to assess MCAO effectiveness. Cylinder and vibrissae tests evaluated sensorimotor function before and 72 h after MCAO. Infarct volumes were examined 72 h after MCAO via 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay. Results Estimates of relative cerebral perfusion were significantly decreased in all groups receiving MCAO with no differences detected between treatments. Despite equivalent initial strokes, the infarct volume of the pGSN treatment group was significantly reduced compared with the untreated MCAO rats at 72 h. ET-1 induced significant deficits in both cylinder and vibrissae tests while pGSN significantly limited these deficits. Conclusion Gelsolin could be a promising drug for protection against neurodegeneration following ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huong T Le
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Welander H, Bontha SV, Näsström T, Karlsson M, Nikolajeff F, Danzer K, Kostka M, Kalimo H, Lannfelt L, Ingelsson M, Bergström J. Gelsolin co-occurs with Lewy bodies in vivo and accelerates α-synuclein aggregation in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:32-8. [PMID: 21798243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Deposition of fibrillar α-synuclein as Lewy bodies is the neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Apart from α-synuclein, these intraneuronal inclusions contain over 250 different proteins. The actin binding protein gelsolin, has previously been suggested to be part of the Lewy body, but its potential role in α-synuclein aggregation remains unknown. Here, we studied the association between gelsolin and α-synuclein in brain tissue from PD and DLB patients as well as in a cell model for α-synuclein aggregation. Moreover, the potential effect of gelsolin on α-synuclein fibrillization was also investigated. Our data demonstrate that gelsolin co-occured with α-synuclein in Lewy bodies from affected human brain as well as with Lewy body-like inclusions in α-synuclein over expressing cells. Furthermore, in the presence of calcium chloride, gelsolin was found to enhance the aggregation rate of α-synuclein in vitro. Moreover, no apparent structural differences could be observed between fibrils formed in the presence or absence of gelsolin. Further studies on gelsolin and other Lewy body associated proteins are warranted to learn more about their potential role in the α-synuclein aggregation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Welander
- Department of Public Health/Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2011; 2011:767083. [PMID: 22096642 PMCID: PMC3198600 DOI: 10.1155/2011/767083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Following emerging evidence that neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis (MS) are present from its early stages, an intensive scientific interest has been directed to biomarkers of neuro-axonal damage in body fluids of MS patients. Recent research has introduced new candidate biomarkers but also elucidated pathogenetic and clinical relevance of the well-known ones. This paper reviews the existing data on blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroaxonal damage in MS and highlights their relation to clinical parameters, as well as their potential predictive value to estimate future disease course, disability, and treatment response. Strategies for future research in this field are suggested.
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Li GH, Arora PD, Chen Y, McCulloch CA, Liu P. Multifunctional roles of gelsolin in health and diseases. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:999-1025. [PMID: 22886630 DOI: 10.1002/med.20231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gelsolin, a Ca(2+) -regulated actin filament severing, capping, and nucleating protein, is an ubiquitous, multifunctional regulator of cell structure and metabolism. More recent data show that gelsolin can act as a transcriptional cofactor in signal transduction and its own expression and function can be influenced by epigenetic changes. Here, we review the functions of the plasma and cytoplasmic forms of gelsolin, and their manifold impacts on cancer, apoptosis, infection and inflammation, cardiac injury, pulmonary diseases, and aging. An improved understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of gelsolin may lead to new considerations of this protein as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Hua Li
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kułakowska A, Ciccarelli NJ, Wen Q, Mroczko B, Drozdowski W, Szmitkowski M, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Hypogelsolinemia, a disorder of the extracellular actin scavenger system, in patients with multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2010; 10:107. [PMID: 21040581 PMCID: PMC2989318 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-10-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular gelsolin (GSN) and GC-globulin/Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) appear to play an important role in clearing the actin from extracellular fluids and in modulating cellular responses to anionic bioactive lipids. In this study we hypothesized that cellular actin release and/or increase in bioactive lipids associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) development will translate into alteration of the actin scavenger system protein concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MS. Methods We measured GSN and DBP concentrations in blood and CSF obtained from patients diagnosed with MS (n = 56) in comparison to a control group (n = 20) that includes patients diagnosed with conditions such as idiopathic cephalgia (n = 11), idiopathic (Bell's) facial nerve palsy (n = 7) and ischialgia due to discopathy (n = 2). GSN and DBP levels were measured by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Results We found that the GSN concentration in the blood of the MS group (115 ± 78 μg/ml) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to the control group (244 ± 96 μg/ml). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between blood DBP concentrations in patients with MS (310 ± 68 μg/ml) and the control group (314 ± 82 μg/ml). GSN and DBP concentrations in CSF also did not significantly differ between those two groups. Conclusions The decrease of GSN concentration in blood and CSF of MS subjects suggests that this protein may be involved in chronic inflammation associated with neurodegeneration. Additionally, the results presented here suggest the possible utility of GSN evaluation for diagnostic purposes. Reversing plasma GSN deficiency might represent a new strategy in MS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|