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Delińska K, Yavir K, Kloskowski A. Head-Space SPME for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Novel Silica IL-Based Fibers in Real Samples. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154688. [PMID: 35897868 PMCID: PMC9330742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrates the suitability of a newly developed ionic liquid (IL)-based silica SPME fiber for the determination of seven organophosphorus insecticides in cucumber and grapefruit samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography−flame ionization detector (FID). The sol-gel method released four different sorbent coatings, which were obtained based on a silica matrix containing ILs immobilized inside its pores. In order to obtain ionogel fibers, the following ionic liquids were utilized: 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; Butyltriethyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide; 1-(2-Methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The developed fibers were applied for the extraction of seven different insecticides from liquid samples. The most important extraction parameters of HS-SPME coupled with the GC-FID method were optimized with a central composite design. The new SPME fiber demonstrated higher selectivity for extracting the analyzed insecticides compared with commercially available fibers. The limit of detection was in the range of 0.01−0.93 μg L−1, the coefficients of determination were >0.9830, and 4.8−10.1% repeatability of the method was found. Finally, the obtained ionogel fibers were utilized to determine insecticides in fresh cucumber and grapefruit juices.
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Khademi SMS, Salemi A, Jochmann M, Joksimoski S, Telgheder U. Development and comparison of direct immersion solid phase micro extraction Arrow-GC-MS for the determination of selected pesticides in water. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Plasmon-active optical fiber functionalized by metal organic framework for pesticide detection. Talanta 2020; 208:120480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Jafari MT, Rezaei B, Bahrami H. Zirconium dioxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite-coated stir-bar sorptive extraction coupled with ion mobility spectrometry for determining ethion. Talanta 2018; 182:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Piri-Moghadam H, Ahmadi F, Pawliszyn J. A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Application of Magnetic Graphene Nanoparticles for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Berijani S, Sadigh M, Pournamdari E. Homogeneous Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Environmental Water Samples Prior to Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometric Detection. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Maddah B, Alidadi S, Hasanzadeh M. Extraction of organophosphorus pesticides by carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles through response surface experimental design. J Sep Sci 2015; 39:256-63. [PMID: 26519201 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction absorbent for the preconcentration and extraction of organophosphorus pesticides in environmental water samples. The carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples with carbon-coated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector. Furthermore, the response surface model based on the central composite design was applied to quantitatively investigate the effect of some important variables influencing the extraction efficiency, such as pH, treatment time, amount of nanoparticle sorbents, and amount of salt and to find the optimized conditions providing the highest extraction efficiency. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-15.0 ng/mL with a regression coefficient of 0.9948, 0.9958, and 0.9931 for fenitrothion, diazinon, and ethion, respectively. The obtained results showed that this analytical method would be useful for the analysis of fenitrothion, diazinon, and ethion in tap water with high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sattar Alidadi
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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9
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Development of a green liquid–liquid microextraction method using a solid disperser performed in a narrow-bore tube for trace analysis of some organophosphorus pesticides in fruit juices. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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10
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A Modified QuEChERS Sample Preparation Method for Simultaneous Determination of 62 Pesticide Residues in Edible Fungi Using Gas Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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12
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Pintado-Herrera MG, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:478-485. [PMID: 24200050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cell-clean-up (1g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100 °C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100mL), stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption (SBSE-LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L(-1) for TCS and 1 ng L(-1) for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g(-1) for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g(-1) in sediments and 310 ng L(-1) in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain
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13
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Application of electro-enhanced solid-phase microextraction for determination of phthalate esters and bisphenol A in blood and seawater samples. Talanta 2013; 115:308-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Luo M, Liu D, Zhou Z, Wang P. A New Chiral Residue Analysis Method for Triazole Fungicides in Water Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME). Chirality 2013; 25:567-74. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Luo
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing People's Republic of China
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15
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Comparison of Simple and Rapid Extraction Procedures for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Fruit Juices by Fast Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Heidari H, Razmi H. Multi-response optimization of magnetic solid phase extraction based on carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles using desirability function approach for the determination of the organophosphorus pesticides in aquatic samples by HPLC–UV. Talanta 2012; 99:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Maddah B, Shamsi J. Extraction and preconcentration of trace amounts of diazinon and fenitrothion from environmental water by magnetite octadecylsilane nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:40-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Chary NS, Herrera S, Gómez MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Parts per trillion level determination of endocrine-disrupting chlorinated compounds in river water and wastewater effluent by stir-bar-sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1993-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Bagheri H, Es’haghi A, Es-haghi A, Mesbahi N. A high-throughput approach for the determination of pesticide residues in cucumber samples using solid-phase microextraction on 96-well plate. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 740:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Anli E, Vural N, Vural H, Gucer Y. Application of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) for Determining Residues of Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrifos-Methyl in Wine with Gas Chromatography (GC). JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Wang C, Wu Q, Wu C, Wang Z. Determination of some organophosphorus pesticides in water and watermelon samples by microextraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3231-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Fries E. Determination of benzothiazole in untreated wastewater using polar-phase stir bar sorptive extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 689:65-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Park JH, Mamun MIR, Abd El-Aty AM, Na TW, Choi JH, Ghafar MW, Choi WJ, Kim KS, Kim SD, Shim JH. Simultaneous multiresidue determination of 48 pesticides in Yeongsan and Sumjin River water using GC-NPD and confirmation via GC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:155-63. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Wu C, Liu N, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z. Application of ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of some organophosphorus pesticides in water samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 679:56-62. [PMID: 20951857 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (UASEME) was developed as a new approach for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in water samples prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The use of a surfactant as an emulsifier in the UASEME method could enhance the dispersion of water-immiscible extraction solvent into aqueous phase and is favorable for the mass-transfer of the analytes from aqueous phase to the organic phase. Several variables that affect the extraction efficiency, including the kind and volume of the extraction solvent, the type and concentration of the surfactant, salt addition, ultrasound emulsification time and temperature, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the calibration curve was linear in the concentration range from 1 to 200 ng mL(-1) for the seven OPs (isocarbophos, phosmet, parathion, parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, fonofos and phoxim), with the correlation coefficients (r) varying from 0.9973 to 0.9998. High enrichment factors were achieved ranging from 210 to 242. The established UASEME-HPLC-DAD method has been successfully applied for the determination of the OPs in real water samples. The limits of detection were in the range between 0.1 and 0.3 ng mL(-1). The recoveries of the target analytes over the three spiked concentration levels of the compounds (10, 50, and 100 ng mL(-1), respectively) in rain, reservoir and well water samples were between 83% and 106% with the relative standard deviations varying from 3.3% to 5.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
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25
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Development, validation and application of a method based on DI-SPME and GC–MS for determination of pesticides of different chemical groups in surface and groundwater samples. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Marković M, Cupać S, Durović R, Milinović J, Kljajić P. Assessment of heavy metal and pesticide levels in soil and plant products from agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 58:341-351. [PMID: 19603130 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the levels of selected heavy metals and pesticides in soil and plant products from an agricultural area of Belgrade, Serbia and to indicate possible sources and risks of contamination. Soil, vegetable, and fruit samples from the most important agricultural city areas were collected from July to November of 2006. Metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas pesticide residues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction performed using solid-phase microextraction technique. Soil characterization based on the determination of selected physical and chemical properties revealed heterogeneous soils belonging to different soil groups. The concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc in soil samples do not exceed the limits established by national and international regulations. Residues of the herbicide atrazine were detected in three soil samples, with levels lower than the relevant limit. The presence of other herbicides, namely prometryn, chloridazon, acetochlor, flurochloridone, and napropamide, was registered in some soil samples as well. Among the insecticides investigated in the soil, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos were the only ones detected. In most of the investigated vegetable samples from the Obrenovac area, Pb and Cd contents are higher in comparison with the maximum levels, indicating the emission of coal combustion products from local thermal power plants as a possible source of contamination. Residue levels of some herbicides and insecticides (metribuzin, trifluralin, pendimethalin, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, and cypermethrin) determined in tomato, pepper, potato, and onion samples from Slanci, Ovca, and Obrenovac areas are even several times higher than the maximum residue levels. Inappropriate use of these plant protection products is considered to be the most probable reason of contamination. Because increased levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues found in plant products could pose a risk to consumers' health, their continual monitoring before product distribution to city markets is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Marković
- Chemical Dynamics Laboratory, The Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia.
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27
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Fu L, Liu X, Hu J, Zhao X, Wang H, Huang C, Wang X. Determination of Two Pesticides in Soils by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with LC-Fluorescence Detection. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Zhu F, Ruan W, He M, Zeng F, Luan T, Tong Y, Lu T, Ouyang G. Application of solid-phase microextraction for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in textiles by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:202-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Farajzadeh MA, Seyedi SE, Shalamzari MS, Bamorowat M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using extraction solvent lighter than water. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:3191-200. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Application of some modern sample preparation procedures for quantitative determination of vicinal diketones in beer. KVASNY PRUMYSL 2009. [DOI: 10.18832/kp2009007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Marine NA, Klein SA, Posner JD. Partition Coefficient Measurements in Picoliter Drops Using a Segmented Flow Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2009; 81:1471-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801673w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Marine
- Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106
| | - Steven A. Klein
- Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106
| | - Jonathan D. Posner
- Mechanical Engineering, and Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106
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32
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Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the analysis of triazophos and carbaryl pesticides in water and fruit juice samples. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 632:289-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Sereshti H, Karimi M, Samadi S. Application of response surface method for optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of water-soluble components of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Characterisation and quantification of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen components in aquatic systems: A Review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:37-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Vázquez PP, Mughari AR, Galera MM. Application of solid-phase microextraction for determination of pyrethroids in groundwater using liquid chromatography with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1188:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Harper T, Cushinotto L, Blaszko N, Arinaga J, Davis F, Cummins C, DiCicco M. Round-robin evaluation of a solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatographic method for reliable determination of trace level ethylene oxide in sterilized medical devices. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:136-48. [PMID: 17853387 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Medical devices that are sterilized with ethylene oxide (EtO) retain small quantities of EtO residuals, which may cause negative systemic and local irritating effects, and must be accurately quantified to ensure non-toxicity. The goal of this round-robin study is to investigate the capability of a novel solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic (SPME-GC) method for trace-level EtO residuals analysis: three independent laboratories conducted a guided experiment using this SPME-GC method, in assessing method performance, ruggedness and the feasibility of SPME fibers. These were satisfactory across the independent laboratories, at the 0.05-5.00 ppm EtO range. This method was then successfully applied to analyze EtO residuals in several sterilized/aerated medical devices of various polymeric composition, reliably detecting and quantifying the trace levels of EtO residuals present ( approximately 0.05 ppm EtO). SPME is a feasible alternative for quantifying trace-level EtO residuals in sterilized medical devices, thereby lowering the limit of quantification (LOQ) by as much as two to three orders of magnitude over the current GC methodology of direct liquid injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harper
- Sterile Process Technologies (SPT), a Division of the Johnson & Johnson Corp., Route 1 and Commerce Blvd, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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Mughari AR, Vázquez PP, Galera MM. Analysis of phenylurea and propanil herbicides by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Huang Y, Yang YC, Shu YY. Analysis of semi-volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples by microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1140:35-43. [PMID: 17161407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pretreatment technique of microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) has been developed and studied for the extraction of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in aqueous samples prior to chromatographic analysis. The optimum conditions for obtaining extraction efficiency, such as the extraction time, extraction temperature, addition of salts, and the ratio of sample to headspace volume parameters were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the proposed MA-HS-SPME technique attained the best extraction efficiency under the optimized conditions, i.e., irradiation of extraction solution (20mL aqueous sample in 40mL headspace vial with no addition of salt) under 30W microwave power for 30min at 70 degrees C. The detection was linear at 1-250ng/L with correlation coefficient exceeding 0.997. The detection limits obtained were between 0.2-10.7ng/L, repeatability range from 2 to 15%. Real water samples collected from known sites in southern Taiwan were analyzed using the optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
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Berijani S, Assadi Y, Anbia M, Milani Hosseini MR, Aghaee E. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1123:1-9. [PMID: 16716329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new method was used for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from water samples: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). In this extraction method, a mixture of 12.0 microL chlorobenzene (extraction solvent) and 1.00 mL acetone (disperser solvent) is rapidly injected into the 5.00 mL water sample by syringe. Thereby, a cloudy solution is formed. In fact, the cloudy state is because of the formation of fine droplets of chlorobenzene, which has been dispersed among the sample solution. In this step, the OPPs in water sample are extracted into the fine droplets of chlorobenzene. After centrifuging (2 min at 5000 rpm), the fine droplets of chlorobenzene are sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube (5.0+/-0.3 microL). Sedimented phase (0.50 microl) is injected into the GC for separation and determination of OPPs. Some important parameters, such as kind of extraction and disperser solvent and volume of them, extraction time, temperature and salt effect were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were high and ranged between 789-1070 and 78.9-107%, respectively. The linear range was wide (10-100,000 pg/mL, four orders of magnitude) and limit of detections were very low and were between 3 to 20 pg/mL for most of the analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 2.00 microg/L of OPPs in water with internal standard were in the range of 1.2-5.6% (n=5) and without internal standard were in the range of 4.6-6.5%. The relative recoveries of OPPs from river, well and farm water at spiking levels of 50, 500 and 5000 pg/mL were 84-125, 88-123 and 93-118%, respectively. The performance of proposed method was compared with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and single drop microextraction. DLLME is a very simple and rapid (less than 3 min) method, which requires low volume of sample (5 mL). It also has high enrichment factor and recoveries for extraction of OPPs from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Berijani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Sun Q, Zhu L, Dong M. Risk assessment of organic pesticides pollution in surface water of Hangzhou. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2006; 117:377-85. [PMID: 16917719 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-0995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research on pollution of organic pesticides (OPs) in surface water, pollution survey and risk assessments of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) of surface water in Hangzhou are conducted. Total concentrations of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and hexachloride-benzene (HCH) in surface water were observed to be 0-0.270 microg/L and 0-0.00625 microg/L respectively. DDE, as a metabolite of DDT and many species of OPP(S) were determined in some samples of surface water. Parathion, the main pollutant among OPPs in surface water of Hangzhou, was observed to be 0-0.445 microg/L. Based on these experimental results, health risk assessments on the organic pollution are developed. It is observed that the total risk "R (T)" at present time of surface water in Hangzhou is mainly contributed by organophosphorus pesticides, especially Parathion; HCH and DDT are not the main contaminants; on the contrary, organophosphorous pesticides, especially Parathion, must be of concern at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Sun
- Environment and Resource Department of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
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41
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Shen J, Xu Z, Cai J, Shao X. Determination of pyrethroid residues in tobacco by means of solid phase microextraction and GC/MS with the aid of ultrasonic assisted extraction using water as extracting solvent. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:241-4. [PMID: 16512415 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple sampling approach using solid phase microextraction (SPME) for pyrethroid residues analysis in flue-cured tobacco was studied. The fibers coated with poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at 100 microm thickness were chosen. Extraction time of 180 s, desorption time of 120 s and desorption temperature of 280 degrees C were selected. The whole sampling process, only including an ultrasonic assisted extraction step and a solid phase microextraction step, can be completed within 15 min. The associated SPME and ultrasonic assisted extraction using water as extracting solvent shows good results for tobacco pyrethroid residues determination. Results indicated that four pyrethroids can be determined simultaneously, and the limits of detection are below 35 ng g(-1) using GC/MS in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The reproducibility of the technique is found to be better than 11.8% RSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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42
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Cai L, Gong S, Chen M, Wu C. Vinyl crown ether as a novel radical crosslinked sol–gel SPME fiber for determination of organophosphorus pesticides in food samples. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gallardo E, Barroso M, Margalho C, Cruz A, Vieira DN, López-Rivadulla M. Determination of quinalphos in blood and urine by direct solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 832:162-8. [PMID: 16414313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new method based on direct solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the purpose of determining quinalphos in blood and urine. Two types of coated fibre have been assayed and compared: carbowax/divinylbenzene (CW/DVB 65 microm) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS 100 microm). The main parameters affecting the SPME process such as temperature, salt addition, pH, stirring and adsorption/desorption time profiles were optimized to enhance the sensitivity of the procedure. The method was developed using only 100 microL of blood and urine. Limits of detection of the method for blood and urine matrices were, respectively, 10 and 2 ng/mL. Linearity was established over concentration ranges from 0.05 to 50 microg/mL for blood, and 0.01 to 50 microg/mL for urine, with regression coefficients ranging between 0.9991 and 0.9999. Intra- and interday precision values were less than 13%, and accuracy was within +/-15% of the nominal concentration for all studied levels in both matrices. Absolute recoveries were 14 and 26% for blood and urine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gallardo
- Instituto de Medicina Legal, Servicio de Toxicología Forense, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, San Francisco s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ochiai N, Sasamoto K, Kanda H, Yamagami T, David F, Tienpont B, Sandra P. Optimization of a multi-residue screening method for the determination of 85 pesticides in selected food matrices by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1083-92. [PMID: 16013835 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A multi-residue method to determine 85 pesticides, including organochlorine pesticides, carbamates, organophosphorus pesticides, and pyrethroids, in vegetables, fruit, and green tea, has been developed. The method is based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupled to thermal desorption (TD) and retention time locked (RTL) GC-MS operating in the scan mode. Samples are extracted with methanol and diluted with water prior to SBSE. Dilution of the methanol extract before SBSE was optimized to obtain high sensitivity and to minimize adsorption onto the glass wall of the extraction vessel as well as to minimize sample matrix effects (particularly for the pesticides with high log K(o,w) values). The optimized method consists of a dual SBSE extraction performed simultaneously on respectively a twofold and a fivefold diluted methanol extract. After extraction, the two stir bars are placed in a single glass thermal desorption liner and are simultaneously desorbed. The method showed good linearity (r2 > 0.9900) and high sensitivity (limit of detection: < 5 microg kg(-1)) for most of the target pesticides. The method was applied to the determination of pesticides at low microg kg(-1) in tomato, cucumber, green soybeans, spinach, grapes, and green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Ochiai
- Gerstel K.K., 2-13-18 Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-0031 Japan
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Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of insecticides in water. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1072:55-61. [PMID: 15881459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel sample pre-treatment technique for the determination of trace concentrations of some insecticide compounds in aqueous samples has been developed and applied to the determination of the selected analytes in environmental water samples. The extraction procedure is based on coupling polypropylene hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) with gas chromatography by flame thermionic detection (GC-FTD). For the development of the method, seven organophosphorous insecticides (dichlorvos, mevinphos-cis, ethoprophos, chlorpyrifos methyl, phenthoate, methidathion and carbofenothion) and one carbamate (carbofuran) were considered as target analytes. Several factors that influence the efficiency of HF-LPME were investigated and optimized including agitation, organic solvent, sample volume, exposure time, salt additives and pH. The optimized methodology exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficient = 0.990. The analytical precision for the target analytes ranged from 4.3 to 11.1 for within-day variation and 4.6 to 12.0% for between-day variation. The detection limits for all analytes were found in the range from 0.001 to 0.072 microg/L, well below the limits established by the EC Drinking Water Directive (EEC 80/778). Relative recoveries obtained by the proposed method from drinking and river water samples ranged from 80 to 104% with coefficient of variations ranging from 4.5 to 10.7%. The present methodology is easy, rapid, sensitive and requires small sample volumes to screen environmental water samples for insecticide residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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47
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Immersed solvent microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric detection of s-triazine herbicides in aquatic media. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Schellin M, Hauser B, Popp P. Determination of organophosphorus pesticides using membrane-assisted solvent extraction combined with large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1040:251-8. [PMID: 15230532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eight organophosphorus pesticides (parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion, bromophos, bromophos-ethyl, fenamiphos and ethion) in aqueous samples were analysed by means of membrane-assisted solvent extraction. First a 20 ml extraction vial was filled with 15 ml of aqueous sample. Then the membrane bag consisting of nonporous polypropylene was put into the vial and filled with 800 microl of organic solvent. The analytes were separated from the aqueous layer by transporting them through the membrane material into the small amount of solvent. The technique was fully automated and successfully combinable with large volume extraction and GC-MS. To achieve an optimum performance several extraction conditions were investigated. Cyclohexane was chosen as acceptor phase. Then the impact of salt, methanol, pH value, as well as working parameters like stirring rate of the agitator and extraction time, were studied. Moreover, the influence of matrix effects was examined by adding different concentrations of humic acid sodium salt. Detection limits in the ng/l level were achieved using large volume injection with the injecting volume of 100 microl. The recovery values ranged from 47 to 100% and the relative standard deviation for three standard measurements was between 4 and 12% (except for bromophos-ethyl: 22%). The linear dynamic range was between 0.001 and 70 microg/l. The applicability of the method to real samples was tested by spiking the eight organophosphorus pesticides to red wine, white wine and apple juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Schellin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Barroso M, Gallardo E, Margalho C, Avila S, Marques EP, Vieira DN, López-Rivadulla M. Application of solid phase microextraction to the determination of strychnine in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 816:29-34. [PMID: 15664330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method based on solid phase microextraction (SPME) via direct immersion followed by gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization/mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS) was developed for the determination of strychnine in blood. Papaverine was used as internal standard (I.S.). Two types of fibre coating were tested, 100 microm polydimethylsiloxane and 65 microm Carbowax/Divinylbenzene, the latter giving higher recoveries of the compound. The main factors affecting the SPME process, such as sample dilution (1:10), adsorption and desorption times (20 and 10 min, respectively), carry-over effect (not observed), pH and salt addition (no modifications on pH or salt concentration) were optimized. The procedure was validated in terms of linearity (r(2)=0.9992 for concentrations ranging from 0.10 to 5.00 microg/mL), intra and interday precision (0.93 and 4.62%, respectively at 0.50 microg/mL; 3.33 and 8.06%, respectively at 2.50 microg/mL), sensitivity (6.83 and 8.91 ng/mL for LOD and LOQ, respectively) and extraction recovery (0.54 and 0.39% at 0.50 and 2.50 microg/mL, respectively). The developed procedure was found suitable for forensic investigations and was considered a good alternative to the liquid-liquid extraction methods normally used for the determination of this compound in biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barroso
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Delegação de Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Fuster S, Beltran J, López FJ, Hernández F. Application of solid phase microextraction for the determination of soil fumigants in water and soil samples. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:98-103. [PMID: 15688638 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The potential of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for the determination of the soil fumigants 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-DCP) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) in environmental samples such as soil and water samples has been investigated. Direct immersion SPME followed by GC/ECD/NPD analysis allowed the rapid determination of the two fumigants in water samples, with very little sample manipulation, giving an LOD of 0.5 microg L(-1). Precision, calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD) for six replicates at three concentration levels, was found to be lower than 20% at the concentration levels tested. For the analysis of soil samples, headspace (HS)-SPME combined with GC/ECD/NPD analysis has been applied. Quantification using matrix-matched calibration curves allowed determination of both analytes (MITC and 1-3-DCP) with a LOD of 0.1 microg kg(-1) (RSD < 10%) for the two concentration levels assayed (0.02 and 0.2 mg kg(-1)). The HS-SPME procedure developed in this paper was applied to soil samples from experimental green house plots treated with metham-Na, a soil disinfestation agent that decomposes in soil to MITC. The absence of sample manipulation as well as the low solvent consumption in SPME methodology are among the main advantages of this analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fuster
- Analytical Chemistry, Dept. Experimental Sciences, University Jaume I, PO Box 8029AP, 12080 Castellón, Spain
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