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Fraguela-Meissimilly H, Bastías-Monte JM, Vergara C, Ortiz-Viedma J, Lemus-Mondaca R, Flores M, Toledo-Merma P, Alcázar-Alay S, Gallón-Bedoya M. New Trends in Supercritical Fluid Technology and Pressurized Liquids for the Extraction and Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Agro-Industrial and Marine Food Waste. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114421. [PMID: 37298897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing consumer interest in healthy foods has led to an increased demand for bioactive compounds derived from eco-technologies. This review highlighted two emerging technologies, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), which are based on clean processes aimed at recovering bioactive compounds from different food sources. We studied how the different processing conditions provide many advantages and a great opportunity to obtain compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, or antifungal activity from plant matrices and industrial biowaste, especially antioxidant compounds (anthocyanins and polyphenols) due to their important role in health promotion. Our research was conducted through a systematic search in different scientific databases related to the PLE and SFE topics. The review analyzed the optimal extraction conditions using these technologies, which lead to the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds, the use of different equipment, and recent combinations of SFE and PLE with other emerging technologies. This has given rise to the development of new technological innovations, new commercial applications, and the detailed recovery of various bioactive compounds extracted from different plant and marine life food matrices. These two environmentally friendly methodologies are fully valid and have great future application prospects in biowaste valorization. They represent a feasible technological tool that can promote the implementation of a circular economy model for the food industry. The underlying mechanisms of these techniques were discussed in detail and supported by current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Vergara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejercito 146, Santiago 8370003, Chile
| | - Jaime Ortiz-Viedma
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, University of Chile, Av. Doctor Carlos Lorca 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Roberto Lemus-Mondaca
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, University of Chile, Av. Doctor Carlos Lorca 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Horticultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Pamela Toledo-Merma
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, University of Chile, Av. Doctor Carlos Lorca 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | | | - Manuela Gallón-Bedoya
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, National University of Colombia, Carrera 65 No. 59A-110, Medellín 4309000, Colombia
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Ko B, Ahn J, Song SH. pH-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Metallic Phase MoSe 2 Quantum Dots. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15144945. [PMID: 35888412 PMCID: PMC9318461 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence properties of quantum dots (QDs) are critically affected by their redox states, which is important for practical applications. In this study, we investigated the optical properties of MoSe2-metallic phase quantum-dots (MoSe2-mQDs) depending on the pH variation, in which the MoSe2-mQDs were dispersed in water with two sizes (Φ~3 nm and 12 nm). The larger MoSe2-mQDs exhibited a large red-shift and broadening of photoluminescence (PL) peak with a constant UV absorption spectra as varying the pH, while the smaller ones showed a small red-shift and peak broadening, but discrete absorption bands in the acidic solution. The excitation wavelength-dependent photoluminescence shows that the PL properties of smaller MoSe2-mQDs are more sensitive to the pH change compared to those of larger ones. From the time-resolved PL spectroscopy, the excitons dominantly decaying with an energy of ~3 eV in pH 2 clearly show the shift of PL peak to the lower energy (~2.6 eV) as the pH increases to 7 and 11 in the smaller MoSe2-mQDs. On the other hand, in the larger MoSe2-mQDs, the exciton decay is less sensitive to the redox states compared to those of the smaller ones. This result shows that the pH variation is more critical to the change of photophysical properties than the size effect in MoSe2-mQDs.
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Yuan J, Li X, Fang N, Li P, Zhang Z, Lin M, Hou Q. Perilla Leaf Extract ( PLE) Attenuates COPD Airway Inflammation via the TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763624. [PMID: 35058774 PMCID: PMC8764369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation but still lacking effective treatments. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., an important traditional medicinal plant with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is widely used for the treatment of respiratory disease in China. However, its protective activity and mechanism against COPD airway inflammation have not been fully studied. Here, the anti-inflammatory effects of the PLE were investigated, and its underlying mechanisms were then elucidated. The presented results suggested a notable effect of the PLE on airway inflammation of COPD, by significantly ameliorating inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, lessening leukocytes (lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17A, interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of cigarette smoke (CS)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced COPD mice in vivo and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors (nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-α) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in vitro. For further extent, PLE treatment significantly suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of TLR4, Syk, PKC, and NF-κB p65 in vivo and their mRNA in vitro. Subsequently, by co-treating with their inhibitors in vitro, its potential mechanism via TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 signals was disclosed. In summary, the obtained results indicated a noteworthy effective activity of the PLE on COPD inflammation, and partly, the TLR4/Syk/PKC/NF-κB p65 axis might be the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyu Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingbao Lin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lesniak M, Zeid J, Starzyk B, Kochanowicz M, Kuwik M, Zmojda J, Miluski P, Baranowska A, Dorosz J, Pisarski W, Pisarska J, Dorosz D. Investigation of the TeO 2/GeO 2 Ratio on the Spectroscopic Properties of Eu 3+-Doped Oxide Glasses for Optical Fiber Application. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:117. [PMID: 35009261 PMCID: PMC8745866 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presented an analysis of the TeO2/GeO2 molar ratio in an oxide glass system. A family of melt-quenched glasses with the range of 0-35 mol% of GeO2 has been characterized by using DSC, Raman, MIR, refractive index, PLE, PL spectra, and time-resolved spectral measurements. The increase in the content of germanium oxide caused an increase in the transition temperature but a decrease in the refractive index. The photoluminescence spectra of europium ions were examined under the excitation of 465 nm, corresponding to 7F0 → 5D2 transition. The PSB (phonon sidebands) analysis was carried out to determine the phonon energy of the glass hosts. It was reported that the red (5D0 → 7F2) to orange (5D0 → 7F1) fluorescence intensity ratio for Eu3+ ions decreased from 4.49 (Te0Ge) to 3.33 (Te15Ge) and showed a constant increase from 4.58 (Te20Ge) to 4.88 (Te35Ge). These optical features were explained in structural studies, especially changes in the coordination of [4]Ge to [6]Ge. The most extended lifetime was reported for the Eu3+ doped glass with the highest content of GeO2. This glass was successfully used for the drawing of optical fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Lesniak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.Z.); (B.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Jakub Zeid
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.Z.); (B.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Starzyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.Z.); (B.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Marcin Kochanowicz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45D Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.Z.); (P.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Marta Kuwik
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jacek Zmojda
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45D Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.Z.); (P.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Miluski
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45D Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.Z.); (P.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Agata Baranowska
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45C Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Jan Dorosz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45D Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland; (M.K.); (J.Z.); (P.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Wojciech Pisarski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanna Pisarska
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Dominik Dorosz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Av. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.Z.); (B.S.); (D.D.)
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Zhou J, Wang M, Carrillo C, Zhu Z, Brncic M, Berrada H, Barba FJ. Impact of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and pH on Protein Yield, Changes in Molecular Size Distribution and Antioxidant Compounds Recovery from Spirulina. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092153. [PMID: 34574263 PMCID: PMC8468321 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The research aims to extract nutrients and bioactive compounds from spirulina using a non-toxic, environmentally friendly and efficient method—Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In this work, Response Surface Methodology (RSM)–Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to evaluate and optimize the extraction time (5–15 min), temperature (20–60 °C) and pH (4–10) during PLE extraction (103.4 bars). The multi-factor optimization results of the RSM-CCD showed that under the pressure of 103.4 bars, the optimal conditions to recover the highest content of bioactive compounds were 10 min, 40 °C and pH 4. Furthermore, the compounds and antioxidant capacity of PLE and non-pressurized extraction extracts were compared. The results showed that under the optimal extraction conditions (10 min, 40 °C and pH 4), PLE significantly improved the antioxidant capacity (2870.5 ± 153.6 µM TE), protein yield (46.8 ± 3.1%), chlorophyll a (1.46 ± 0.04 mg/g), carotenoids (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/g), total polyphenols (11.49 ± 0.04 mg/g) and carbohydrates content (78.42 ± 1.40 mg/g) of the extracts compared with non-pressurized extraction (p < 0.05). The protein molecular distribution of the extracts was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the results showed that there were more small-molecule proteins in PLE extracts. Moreover, Liquid Chromatography Triple Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (TOF–LC–MS–MS) was used to analyze the phenolic profile of the extracts, and the results showed the extracts were rich on phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid being the predominant phenolic compounds in the PLE extract. This indicates that PLE can promote the extraction of bioactive compounds from Spirulina, which is of great significance for the application of PLE technology to obtain active substances from marine algae resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhou
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Min Wang
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Celia Carrillo
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +34-947-259506 (C.C.); +34-963-544-972 (F.J.B.)
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;
| | - Mladen Brncic
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Houda Berrada
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (H.B.)
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain; (J.Z.); (M.W.); (H.B.)
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.J.B.); Tel.: +34-947-259506 (C.C.); +34-963-544-972 (F.J.B.)
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Jaszczak-Wilke E, Kozioł K, Kiełbratowska B, Polkowska Ż. Ion Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection for Determining Cyanide in Urine and Meconium Sam ples. Molecules 2021; 26:4672. [PMID: 34361828 PMCID: PMC8348170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The parents' addictions and eating habits have a significant influence on the child's growth. The first stool of a newborn baby provides a large amount of information about xenobiotics transmitted by the mother's body. The analytical technique used in the study is ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward and their partners, revealed cyanide concentrations in urine samples spanning 1.30-25.3 μg L-1. Meanwhile, the results of the meconium samples were in the range of 1.54 μg L-1 to 24.9 μg L-1. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the IC-PAD system exhibited satisfactory repeatability (R < 3%, n = 3) and good linearity in the range of 1-100 μg L-1. Thus, it proved to be an effective tool for monitoring trace cyanide concentration in a series of human body fluid matrices, including meconium. Based on the literature review, this is the first application of the IC-PAD analytical technique for the determination of cyanide ions in meconium samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Krystyna Kozioł
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
| | - Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (E.J.-W.); (K.K.)
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López-Salas L, Cea I, Borrás-Linares I, Emanuelli T, Robert P, Segura-Carretero A, Lozano-Sánchez J. Preliminary Investigation of Different Drying Systems to Preserve Hydroxytyrosol and Its Derivatives in Olive Oil Filter Cake Pressurized Liquid Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061407. [PMID: 34207005 PMCID: PMC8234471 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) could be retained in its byproducts during processing. Among them, hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives deserve special attention due to their health benefits recognized by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In the present research, the presence of these compounds in the filter cake byproduct was studied by combining pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). The applied optimum extraction parameters were 1500 psi, 120 °C and aqueous ethanol (50:50, v/v). The influence of different drying methods (vacuum-, freeze- and spray-drying) in the recovery of phenolic compounds was also evaluated. A total of 16 compounds from EVOO were identified in the extracts, 3 of them being hydroxytyrosol-related compounds, 6 substances of oleoside and elenolic acid derivatives, together with 6 secoiridoids and 1 lignan. The results highlighted the great number of phenolic compounds recovered from filter cake with these techniques, being even higher than the reported content in EVOO and other byproducts. The combination of PLE and freeze-drying resulted in being the best procedure for the recovery of phenolic compounds from filter cake byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Salas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Inés Cea
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 133, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (I.C.); (P.R.)
- Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research, Av. Del Cóndor 844 Floor 3, Santiago 8580704, Chile
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9586-37083
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil;
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Tecnología Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 133, Santiago 8380494, Chile; (I.C.); (P.R.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (J.L.-S.)
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/N, 18016 Granada, Spain;
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Pagano I, Campone L, Celano R, Piccinelli AL, Rastrelli L. Green non-conventional techniques for the extraction of polyphenols from agricultural food by-products: A review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462295. [PMID: 34118529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food processing industry is accompanied with the generation of a great production of wastes and by-products exceptionally rich in bioactive compounds (especially phenolics), with antioxidant activity. The recovery of these health molecules constitutes a key point for the valorization of by-products, with the possibility of creating new ingredients to be used for the formulation of food and cosmetic products. One of the main limitations to reuse by-products is linked to the high cost to obtain bioactive compounds, consequently in order to exploit these resources commercially valuable it is necessary to develop innovative, economic and environmentally friendly extraction strategies. These extraction methods should be able to reduce petroleum solvents, energy consumption and chemical wastes, protecting both environment and consumers and ensuring safe and high-quality final products. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge and applications of the new extraction techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction applied to polyphenols extraction from agricultural food by-products. Particular attention has been paid to theoretical background, highlighting mechanisms and safety precautions. Authors concluded that relevant results of these techniques represent an opportunity to industrial scale-up, improving the extraction yields, minimizing time, costs and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imma Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Luca Campone
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.
| | - Rita Celano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, (SA) 84084, Italy
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Devesa S, Rodrigues J, Teixeira SS, Rooney AP, Graça MPF, Cooper D, Monteiro T, Costa LC. Tuning Green to Red Color in Erbium Niobate Micro- and Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11030660. [PMID: 33800356 PMCID: PMC7998491 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetragonal Er0.5Nb0.5O2 and monoclinic ErNbO4 micro- and nanoparticles were prepared by the citrate sol–gel method and heat-treated at temperatures between 700 and 1600 °C. ErNbO4 revealed a spherical-shaped crystallite, whose size increased with heat treatment temperatures. To assess their optical properties at room temperature (RT), a thorough spectroscopic study was conducted. RT photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy revealed that Er3+ optical activation was achieved in all samples. The photoluminescence spectra show the green/yellow 2H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and red 4F9/2→4I15/2 intraionic transitions as the main visible recombination, with the number of the crystal field splitting Er3+ multiplets reflecting the ion site symmetry in the crystalline phases. PL excitation allows the identification of Er3+ high-energy excited multiplets as the preferential population paths of the emitting levels. Independently of the crystalline structure, the intensity ratio between the green/yellow and red intraionic transitions was found to be strongly sensitive to the excitation energy. After pumping the samples with a resonant excitation into the 4G11/2 excited multiplet, a green/yellow transition stronger than the red one was observed, whereas the reverse occurred for higher excitation photon energies. Thus, a controllable selective excited tunable green to red color was achieved, which endows new opportunities for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Devesa
- Centre for Physics University of Coimbra (CFisUC), Physics Department, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (J.R.); (T.M.); (L.C.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-944 (S.D.); +351-234-247-261 (J.R.); +351-234-370-824 (T.M.); +351-234-370-944 (L.C.C.)
| | - Joana Rodrigues
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (J.R.); (T.M.); (L.C.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-944 (S.D.); +351-234-247-261 (J.R.); +351-234-370-824 (T.M.); +351-234-370-944 (L.C.C.)
| | - Sílvia Soreto Teixeira
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
| | - Aidan P. Rooney
- CEA LETI-Minatec, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.P.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Manuel P. F. Graça
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
| | - David Cooper
- CEA LETI-Minatec, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France; (A.P.R.); (D.C.)
| | - Teresa Monteiro
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (J.R.); (T.M.); (L.C.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-944 (S.D.); +351-234-247-261 (J.R.); +351-234-370-824 (T.M.); +351-234-370-944 (L.C.C.)
| | - Luís C. Costa
- i3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.S.T.); (M.P.F.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (J.R.); (T.M.); (L.C.C.); Tel.: +351-234-370-944 (S.D.); +351-234-247-261 (J.R.); +351-234-370-824 (T.M.); +351-234-370-944 (L.C.C.)
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10
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Fuentes JAM, López-Salas L, Borrás-Linares I, Navarro-Alarcón M, Segura-Carretero A, Lozano-Sánchez J. Development of an Innovative Pressurized Liquid Extraction Procedure by Response Surface Methodology to Recover Bioactive Compounds from Carao Tree Seeds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020398. [PMID: 33670327 PMCID: PMC7917923 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays there are evidences from several studies which have revealed the protective effects of food against chronic diseases. These healthy properties have been related to bioactive compounds. Among bioactive substances, the scientific interest in phenolic compounds has stimulated multidisciplinary research on the composition of plant phenolic compounds. The aim of this work has been to determine the bioactive composition of Carao tree seeds (Cassia grandis) and to optimize the recovering of these compounds for developing functional ingredients. To achieve this goal, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been applied to recover these phytochemicals. The optimization of this innovative extraction procedure was performed by a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design 23 model to address the bioactive compounds extraction. Phenolic compounds recovered by PLE were characterized using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS). Analytical characterization allowed the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds belonging to hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonoids (flavonols, flavanols, flavanones and proanthocyanidins). Phytochemical concentrations were used as response variable in order to get the best extraction conditions. These results pointed out that Carao tree seeds can be a potential source of bioactive compounds and PLE extracts could be used as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhunior Abrahan Marcía Fuentes
- Faculty of Technological Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Agricultura, Catacamas, Olancho 16201, Honduras;
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, La Lisa 17100, Havana, Cuba
| | - Lucía López-Salas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (M.N.-A.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958637083
| | - Miguel Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (M.N.-A.); (J.L.-S.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-S.); (M.N.-A.); (J.L.-S.)
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Sciencie Technological Park, Avda. Del Conocimiento s/n, 18016 Granada, Spain;
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11
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Yang H, Sun W, Ma P, Yao C, Fan Y, Li S, Yuan J, Zhang Z, Li X, Lin M, Hou Q. Multi ple Components Rapidly Screened from Perilla Leaves Attenuate Asthma Airway Inflammation by Synergistic Targeting on Syk. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:897-911. [PMID: 33223845 PMCID: PMC7671475 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s281393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a classic medicinal plant, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects in asthma. Perilla leaves extract (PLE) exerted significant therapeutic effect against allergic asthma inflammation through Syk inhibition. But the active chemical ingredients from PLE are complex and unclear, it is difficult to fully elucidate its pharmacological mechanisms. Methods A method was established for rapid screening and characterization of active ingredients from PLE that targeted Syk, with which three potential active ingredients were identified. By using OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model in vivo, OVA-induced human PBMCs inflammation model and DNP-IgE/BSA-induced RBL-2H3 cells model in vitro, the effects and mechanisms of PLE and its active components were evaluated. Results Using Syk-affinity screening method, roseoside (RosS), vicenin-2 (Vic-2) and rosmarinic acid (RosA) were identified from PLE. In vitro, PLE and its ingredients showed significant inhibitory activities against Syk, with their mixture (Mix, prepared by RosS, Vic-2 and RosA in accordance with their ratio in Syk-conjugated beads bound fraction) showing a stronger inhibitory activity. RosS, Vic-2 and RosA also showed significant effects on allergic asthma, and a synergistic effect of Mix was observed. Moreover, treatment with PLE, RosS, Vic-2, RosA, and Mix significantly inhibited the expression and phosphorylation of Syk, PKC, NF-κB p65, and cPLA2 in allergic mice lung tissue and in RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusion PLE may alleviate allergic airway inflammation partly through the multiple components synergistic targeting on Syk and its downstream inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yannan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiqiao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
Canine protein-losing enteropathies occur commonly in small animal practice, and their management is often challenging with a long-term survival rate of only about 50%. Recent studies have investigated prognostic factors that may determine outcome in individual cases. In particular, systemic complications such as hypercoagulability, vitamin D3 deficiency, and tryptophan deficiency may play an important role and should be investigated in severely affected cases in order to maximize outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Chelsea Iennarella-Servantez
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50010, USA
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Barth ZK, Netter Z, Angermeyer A, Bhardwaj P, Seed KD. A Family of Viral Satellites Manipulates Invading Virus Gene Expression and Can Affect Cholera Toxin Mobilization. mSystems 2020; 5:e00358-20. [PMID: 33051375 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.00358-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses possess temporally unfolding gene expression patterns aimed at subverting host defenses, commandeering host metabolism, and ultimately producing a large number of progeny virions. High-throughput omics tools, such as RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), have dramatically enhanced the resolution of expression patterns during infection. Less studied have been viral satellites, mobile genomes that parasitize viruses. By performing RNA-seq on infection time courses, we have obtained the first time-resolved transcriptomes for bacteriophage satellites during lytic infection. Specifically, we have acquired transcriptomes for the lytic Vibrio cholerae phage ICP1 and all five known variants of ICP1's parasite, the phage inducible chromosomal island-like elements (PLEs). PLEs rely on ICP1 for both DNA replication and mobilization and abolish production of ICP1 progeny in infected cells. We investigated PLEs' impact on ICP1 gene expression and found that PLEs did not broadly restrict or reduce ICP1 gene expression. A major exception occurred in ICP1's capsid morphogenesis operon, which was downregulated by each of the PLE variants. Surprisingly, PLEs were also found to alter the gene expression of CTXΦ, the integrative phage that encodes cholera toxin and is necessary for virulence of toxigenic V. cholerae One PLE, PLE1, upregulated CTXΦ genes involved in replication and integration and boosted CTXΦ mobility following induction of the SOS response.IMPORTANCE Viral satellites are found in all domains of life and can have profound fitness effects on both the viruses they parasitize and the cells they reside in. In this study, we have acquired the first RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomes of viral satellites outside plants, as well as the transcriptome of the phage ICP1, a predominant predator of pandemic Vibrio cholerae Capsid downregulation, previously observed in an unrelated phage satellite, is conserved among phage inducible chromosomal island-like elements (PLEs), suggesting that viral satellites are under strong selective pressure to reduce the capsid expression of their larger host viruses. Despite conserved manipulation of capsid expression, PLEs exhibit divergent effects on CTXΦ transcription and mobility. Our results demonstrate that PLEs can influence both their hosts' resistance to phage and the mobility of virulence-encoding elements, suggesting that PLEs can play a substantial role in shaping Vibrio cholerae evolution.
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Li Y, Gan Z, Liu Y, Chen S, Su S, Ding S, Tran NH, Chen X, Long Z. Determination of 19 anthelmintics in environmental water and sediment using an optimized PLE and SPE method coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. Sci Total Environ 2020; 719:137516. [PMID: 32120113 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive quantification method using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for determination of 19 anthelmintic drugs (ADs) belonging to seven structural groups (Benzimidazoles, Diphenylsulfides, Imidazothiazoles, Hexahydropyrazines, Macrocylic lactones, Salicylanilides, Tetrahydropyrimidines) in environmental water and sediment samples. Eleven SPE cartridges, sample pH, elution solvents were tested to determine the optimal conditions for extraction. Among these investigated SPE types, the best recoveries for 19 target ADs were obtained from Oasis HLB cartridge with 37-102%, 45-103%, 37-88%, 28-82% and 31-90% for spiked river water, tap water, rainwater, wastewater, and sediment respectively (with RSD < 15%), except for closantel. The 19 ADs were separated within 10 min by a BEH C18 column and monitored in both positive and negative ions modes with switching electrospray ionization source. The cross-talk interferences were solved by identification of secondary mass spectrum of substances through MRM-IDA-EPI scanning using Qtrap. These interference peaks could be efficiently eliminated by setting MRM segments or using Qtrap to obtain tertiary fragmented information. The developed methods were satisfactory in terms of linearity, accuracy, and precision, and used eight isotopically labeled compounds as internal standards to correct matrix effects. Method quantification limit (MQL) for 19 ADs was below 1.1 ng/L, 0.4 ng/L, 5.4 ng/L and 2.3 ng/g for river water, tap water, wastewater, and sediment, respectively. The validated method was successfully used to investigate the occurrence of anthelmintics in water and sediment samples from Chengdu, China. All ADs were detected in environment with the concentrations at ng/L level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiwei Gan
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yunxiang Liu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sibei Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shijun Su
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sanglan Ding
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Xi Chen
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Shanghai 200335, China
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Marinelli V, Spinelli S, Angiolillo L, Del Nobile MA, Conte A. Emerging techniques applied to by-products for food fortification. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:905-914. [PMID: 32123411 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing consumer demand for healthy food, the extract from broccoli by-products was studied. To this aim, in the first step, three extraction techniques were compared in terms of extraction efficiency. The best method was the pressurized liquid extraction. Then, the extract microencapsulation was optimized in terms of type of wall material (between Capsul and maltodextrins), concentration of wall material (10-20-30%, w/v), core/wall material ratio (1:2, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20) and inlet temperature (80, 100, 130, 150, 170 °C). The optimal conditions were found with 10% maltodextrins as wall material, core/wall material ratio 1/2 at 80 °C. Finally, the obtained microencapsulated extract was added at 5% (w/w) to fish burgers. Results demonstrated that total phenolic content, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of enriched fish products were significantly higher than the control burgers, thus confirming that both process and cooking did not greatly affect the nutritional properties of extracted compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Sara Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luisa Angiolillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Amalia Conte
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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16
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Nastić N, Borrás-Linares I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Švarc-Gajić J, Segura-Carretero A. Comparative Assessment of Phytochemical Profiles of Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale L.) Root Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Techniques. Molecules 2020; 25:E837. [PMID: 32075048 PMCID: PMC7070662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work a comparative study on phytochemical profiles of comfrey root extracts obtained by different extraction approaches has been carried out. Chemical profiles of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid (SFE), pressurized liquid (PLE), and conventional solid/liquid extraction were compared and discussed. Phytochemical composition was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) identifying 39 compounds reported for the first time in comfrey root, mainly phenolic acids and fatty acids. The influence of different extraction parameters on phytochemical profiles of S. officinale root was investigated for all applied techniques. PLE and maceration, using alcohol-based solvents (aqueous methanol or ethanol), were shown to be more efficient in the recovery of more polar compounds. Greater numbers of phenolics were best extracted by PLE using 85% EtOH at 63 °C. The use of SFE and 100% acetone for 30 min enabled good recoveries of nonpolar compounds. SFE using 15% EtOH as a cosolvent at 150 bar produced the best recoveries of a significant number of fatty acids. The main compositional differences between extracts obtained by different extraction techniques were assigned to the solvent type. Hence, these results provided comprehensive approaches for treating comfrey root enriched in different phytochemicals, thereby enhancing its bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.N.)
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (N.N.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016 Granada, Spain; (I.B.-L.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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17
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Nastić N, Lozano-Sánchez J, Borrás-Linares I, Švarc-Gajić J, Segura-Carretero A. New technological approaches for recovering bioactive food constituents from sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:119-130. [PMID: 31304641 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, an increasing interest in biological properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) stems has resulted in increased attention for advanced extraction techniques and their optimisation. OBJECTIVES In the present study chemical profiles of P. avium stems extracts obtained by selected emerging technologies, such as pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), under different experimental conditions were compared. MATERIAL AND METHODS All SFEs were carried out at 40°C in a dynamic mode with different solvent combinations (CO2 plus ethanol at 7 and 15%) and pressures (150 and 300 bar). The PLE experiments were performed in a static mode for all tested combinations of extraction solvent (ethanol-water from 0% to 100%) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 200°C. A complete analytical characterisation of cherry stem extracts was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). RESULTS PLE showed to be more efficient than SFE removing a wide variety of compounds with different polarities being phenols the most abundant, whereas SFE resulted in a higher amount of fatty acids and derivatives. Chemical characterisation of the extracts was carried out by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS yielding in total 42 identified compounds, among which 22 compounds were identified in P. avium stems for the first time. CONCLUSION These results point out the possibility of sweet cherry stem extracts to be incorporated in formulations manufactured by food and pharmaceutical industry. Also, these new thermal and high-pressure industrial technologies proved to be promising candidates in the valorisation of sweet cherry by-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Nastić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Jaroslava Švarc-Gajić
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Centre (CIDAF), Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Bioregion building, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Gorukmez O, Gorukmez O, Demiroren K. Novel PLVAP Mutation in Protein Losing Enteropathy. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2019; 38:534-537. [PMID: 31215290 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1627624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: A genetic cause of the protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) disease Diarrhea 10 (DIAR10) are mutations in the recently described PLVAP (plasmalemma vesicle protein). Case report: An infant with fatal PLE had a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (c.339dupT; p.Ala114Cysfs*9) leading to a premature stop codon in exon 1 of the PLVAP (NM_031310) gene detected by Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). Conclusion: The frameshift mutation (PLVAP; c.339dupT; p.Ala114Cysfs*9) we have described in our patient has not been previously reported. This is the fifth case reported with a mutation in PLVAP associated with PLE and DIAR10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Gorukmez
- Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gorukmez
- Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kaan Demiroren
- Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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Huang X, Nisar MF, Wang M, Wang W, Chen L, Lin M, Xu W, Diao Q, Zhong JL. UV-responsive AKBA@ZnO nanoparticles potential for polymorphous light eruption protection and therapy. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 107:110254. [PMID: 31761216 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is one of the acquired idiopathic photodermatosis mainly induced by immoderate UV radiation. In order to realize UV protection and medicine administration simultaneously for polymorphous light eruption protection and therapy, Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) loaded Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles of which drug release behavior is UV-controlled has been successfully synthesized. Such nanoparticles can not only reflect UV but also transfer the energy to release AKBA which presents an excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, they are biocompatible to HaCaT cells. As a result, they have a great potential in combining UV protection and medicine administration simultaneously for PLE protection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Institute of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China; Guizhou Provincical College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- Institute of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, School of Sports and Health Science, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China; Guizhou Provincical College-based Key Lab for Tumor Prevention and Treatment with Distinctive Medicines, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Qingchun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Department of Dermatology, Chongqing First People's Hospital and Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400011, China.
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Cea Paze I, Lozano-Sánchez J, Borrás-Linares I, Nuñez H, Robert P, Segura-Carretero A. Obtaining an Extract Rich in Phenolic Compounds from Olive Pomace by Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Molecules 2019; 24:E3108. [PMID: 31461900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The olive oil industry produces large volumes of wastes, which are also potential sources of bioactive compounds by developing healthy and/or functional foods. Extraction of phenolic compounds from the residues of the olive oil is mainly carried out with solvents. However, there is currently a growing public awareness about the use of organic solvents in food processing, which has pointed out the need for the application of clean technologies such as pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). Therefore, the aim of this research was to optimize the phenolic compound extraction from olive pomace by PLE, establishing the qualitative and quantitative phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS. The extraction design to recover phenolics from olive pomace demonstrates a great compositional variability of PLE extracts obtained under different experimental conditions. Indeed, quantitative results have pointed out the selectivity of PLE extraction when this technique is applied to the treatment of olive pomace. PLE-optimized conditions showed higher total phenolic compound content than conventional extraction (1659 mg/kg d.w. and 281.7 mg/kg d.w., respectively). Among these phenolics, the quantity of secoiridoids and flavonoids in the optimized PLE extract was three and four times higher than in conventional extracts. Furthermore, optimal PLE conditions allowed to obtain an enriched hydroxytyrosol extract which was not detected in the conventional one.
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21
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Guliaev AS, Semyenova SK. MGERT: a pipeline to retrieve coding sequences of mobile genetic elements from genome assemblies. Mob DNA 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 31114637 PMCID: PMC6515669 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-019-0163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genomes of eukaryotes are inhabited by myriads of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) – transposons and retrotransposons - which play a great role in genome plasticity and evolution. A lot of computational tools were developed to annotate them either in genomic assemblies or raw reads using de novo or homology-based approaches. But there has been no pipeline enabling users to get coding and flanking sequences of MGEs suitable for a downstream analysis from genome assemblies. Results We developed a new pipeline, MGERT (Mobile Genetic Elements Retrieving Tool), that automates all the steps necessary to obtain protein-coding sequences of mobile genetic elements from genomic assemblies even if no previous knowledge on MGE content of a particular genome is available. Conclusions Using MGERT, researchers can easily find MGEs, their coding and flanking sequences in the genome of interest. Thus, this pipeline helps researchers to focus on the biological analysis of MGEs rather than excessive scripting and pipelining. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13100-019-0163-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei S Guliaev
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - Seraphima K Semyenova
- Laboratory of Genome Organization, Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str., 34/5, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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22
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Cádiz-Gurrea ML, Lozano-Sánchez J, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Segura-Carretero A. Enhancing the Yield of Bioactive Compounds from Sclerocarya birrea Bark by Green Extraction Approaches. Molecules 2019; 24:E966. [PMID: 30857290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerocarya birrea is a tree indigenous to Southern Africa with significant importance in rural livelihoods for food, medicine, and carving. The bark, which contains 10⁻20% tannin, provides several pharmacological benefits as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant medication, among others. This study compared different extraction techniques used to recover bioactive compounds from marula bark. For this purpose, solid⁻liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were performed under selected conditions, using only "food-grade" solvents. The potential use of the proposed extraction methodologies was evaluated in term of yield, and the individual phenolic composition determined by HPLC⁻ESI⁻TOF⁻MS. PLE provided a high extraction yield in all experimental conditions. With regard to bioactive compounds composition, a total of 71 compounds, a significant percentage of which in a galloyl form, were distributed in five major categories. The largest number of compounds, mostly flavonoid aglycones, were extracted by PLE, generally when the extraction was developed at low temperatures. SFE did prove effective as a way of extracting antidiabetic proanthocyanidins. Advanced extraction techniques represent a powerful tool to obtain bioactive compounds from S. birrea bark, which can be used as supplements or food ingredients, promoting the valorization of this crop.
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Yamamura ET, Tsuzaki K, Kita S. A novel method of producing the key intermediate ASI-2 of ranirestat using a porcine liver esterase ( PLE) substitute enzyme. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1124-1135. [PMID: 30782084 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1580139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
(R)-2-amino-2-ethoxycarbonylsuccinimide (ASI-2) is a key intermediate used in the pharmaceutical industry and is valuable for the industrial synthesis of ranirestat, which is a potent aldose reductase inhibitor. ASI-2 was synthesized in a process combining chemical synthesis and bioconversion. Bioconversion in this study is a key reaction, since optically active carboxylic acid derivative ((R)-1-ethyl hydrogen 3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-ethoxycarbonylsuccinate, Z-MME-AE) is synthesized from a prochiral ester, diethyl 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-ethoxycarbonylsuccinate, Z-MDE-AE, at a theoretical yield of 100%. Upon screening for microorganisms that asymmetrically hydrolyze Z-MDE-AE, Bacillus thuringiensis NBRC13866 was found. A novel esterase EstBT that produces Z-MME-AE was purified from Bacillus thuringiensis NBRC13866 and was stably produced in Escherichia coli JM109 cells. Using EstBT rather than porcine liver esterase (PLE), ASI-2 was synthesized with a 17% higher total yield by a novel method, suggesting that the esterase EstBT is a PLE substitute enzyme and therefore, may be of interest for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei-Tora Yamamura
- a Technical Department , Kyowa Pharma Chemical Co., Ltd ., Takaoka , Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsuzaki
- a Technical Department , Kyowa Pharma Chemical Co., Ltd ., Takaoka , Japan
| | - Shinji Kita
- a Technical Department , Kyowa Pharma Chemical Co., Ltd ., Takaoka , Japan
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24
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Craven MD, Washabau RJ. Comparative pathophysiology and management of protein-losing enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2019; 33:383-402. [PMID: 30762910 PMCID: PMC6430879 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein‐losing enteropathy, or PLE, is not a disease but a syndrome that develops in numerous disease states of differing etiologies and often involving the lymphatic system, such as lymphangiectasia and lymphangitis in dogs. The pathophysiology of lymphatic disease is incompletely understood, and the disease is challenging to manage. Understanding of PLE mechanisms requires knowledge of lymphatic system structure and function, which are reviewed here. The mechanisms of enteric protein loss in PLE are identical in dogs and people, irrespective of the underlying cause. In people, PLE is usually associated with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, suspected to arise from genetic susceptibility, or “idiopathic” lymphatic vascular obstruction. In dogs, PLE is most often a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and less frequently intestinal lymphangiectasia, although it is not proven which process is the true driving defect. In cats, PLE is relatively rare. Review of the veterinary literature (1977‐2018) reveals that PLE was life‐ending in 54.2% of dogs compared to published disease‐associated deaths in IBD of <20%, implying that PLE is not merely a continuum of IBD spectrum pathophysiology. In people, diet is the cornerstone of management, whereas dogs are often treated with immunosuppression for causes of PLE including lymphangiectasia, lymphangitis, and crypt disease. Currently, however, there is no scientific, extrapolated, or evidence‐based support for an autoimmune or immune‐mediated mechanism. Moreover, people with PLE have disease‐associated loss of immune function, including lymphopenia, severe CD4+ T‐cell depletion, and negative vaccinal titers. Comparison of PLE in people and dogs is undertaken here, and theories in treatment of PLE are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Craven
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Robert J Washabau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Ballesteros-Vivas D, Alvarez-Rivera G, Ibánez E, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A. Integrated strategy for the extraction and profiling of bioactive metabolites from Passiflora mollissima seeds combining pressurized-liquid extraction and gas/liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1595:144-157. [PMID: 30846312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An integrated analytical methodology based on pressurized-liquid extraction (PLE) in two steps, followed by in vitro assays and liquid chromatography/gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), was developed and applied for the isolation and characterization of potential bioactive metabolites from Passiflora mollissima seeds. PLE was proposed in two sequential steps: 1) recovery of the lipidic fraction using nonpolar solvents, and 2) recovery of the phenolic fraction from the defatted seeds' residue using polar solvents. Cyclohexane was selected as the most suitable extraction solvent for the seeds defatting process (20 min, 100 °C and 100 bar). PLE optimization by response surface methodology was carried out to obtain phenolics-rich extracts with the highest antioxidant activity. Optimal extraction yield (6.58%), total phenolic content (29.99 mg g-1), total flavonoids content (0.94 mg g-1) and antioxidant activity (6.94 mM trolox g-1 and EC50 of 2.66 μg mL-1) were obtained operating at 150 °C with EtOH (100%) as solvent. Untargeted and semi-targeted MS and MS/MS data-mining strategies were successfully implemented for the rapid and comprehensive profiling of the polar and lipidic PLE fractions analysed by UHPLC and GC, respectively, coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (q-TOF-MS/MS). Polyphenols-rich extracts from P. mollisima seeds were characterized for the first time applying this approach, showing a broad variety of flavonoids, genuine flavanols (e.g. (epi)fisetinidol) and abundant proanthocyanidins. This application can be considered a successful demonstration of the great potential of the proposed methodology to effectively obtain and characterize complex natural extracts with potential bioactivity, by making use of powerful integrated identification strategies to facilitate the challenging post-acquisition data processing of huge datasets generated by HRMS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ballesteros-Vivas
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá D.C., 111321, Colombia; Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ibánez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabián Parada-Alfonso
- High Pressure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá D.C., 111321, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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van Rijn JM, Ardy RC, Kuloğlu Z, Härter B, van Haaften-Visser DY, van der Doef HP, van Hoesel M, Kansu A, van Vugt AH, Thian M, Kokke FT, Krolo A, Başaran MK, Kaya NG, Aksu AÜ, Dalgıç B, Ozcay F, Baris Z, Kain R, Stigter EC, Lichtenbelt KD, Massink MP, Duran KJ, Verheij JB, Lugtenberg D, Nikkels PG, Brouwer HG, Verkade HJ, Scheenstra R, Spee B, Nieuwenhuis EE, Coffer PJ, Janecke AR, van Haaften G, Houwen RH, Müller T, Middendorp S, Boztug K. Intestinal Failure and Aberrant Lipid Metabolism in Patients With DGAT1 Deficiency. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:130-143.e15. [PMID: 29604290 PMCID: PMC6058035 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Congenital diarrheal disorders are rare inherited intestinal disorders characterized by intractable, sometimes life-threatening, diarrhea and nutrient malabsorption; some have been associated with mutations in diacylglycerol-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which catalyzes formation of triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. We investigated the mechanisms by which DGAT1 deficiency contributes to intestinal failure using patient-derived organoids. METHODS We collected blood samples from 10 patients, from 6 unrelated pedigrees, who presented with early-onset severe diarrhea and/or vomiting, hypoalbuminemia, and/or (fatal) protein-losing enteropathy with intestinal failure; we performed next-generation sequencing analysis of DNA from 8 patients. Organoids were generated from duodenal biopsies from 3 patients and 3 healthy individuals (controls). Caco-2 cells and patient-derived dermal fibroblasts were transfected or transduced with vectors that express full-length or mutant forms of DGAT1 or full-length DGAT2. We performed CRISPR/Cas9-guided disruption of DGAT1 in control intestinal organoids. Cells and organoids were analyzed by immunoblot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, chromatography, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and for the activity of caspases 3 and 7. RESULTS In the 10 patients, we identified 5 bi-allelic loss-of-function mutations in DGAT1. In patient-derived fibroblasts and organoids, the mutations reduced expression of DGAT1 protein and altered triacylglycerol metabolism, resulting in decreased lipid droplet formation after oleic acid addition. Expression of full-length DGAT2 in patient-derived fibroblasts restored formation of lipid droplets. Organoids derived from patients with DGAT1 mutations were more susceptible to lipid-induced cell death than control organoids. CONCLUSIONS We identified a large cohort of patients with congenital diarrheal disorders with mutations in DGAT1 that reduced expression of its product; dermal fibroblasts and intestinal organoids derived from these patients had altered lipid metabolism and were susceptible to lipid-induced cell death. Expression of full-length wildtype DGAT1 or DGAT2 restored normal lipid metabolism in these cells. These findings indicate the importance of DGAT1 in fat metabolism and lipotoxicity in the intestinal epithelium. A fat-free diet might serve as the first line of therapy for patients with reduced DGAT1 expression. It is important to identify genetic variants associated with congenital diarrheal disorders for proper diagnosis and selection of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorik M. van Rijn
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rico Chandra Ardy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zarife Kuloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bettina Härter
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Center of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Désirée Y. van Haaften-Visser
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert P.J. van der Doef
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marliek van Hoesel
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aydan Kansu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anke H.M. van Vugt
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marini Thian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy T.M. Kokke
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Krolo
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meryem Keçeli Başaran
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Akdeniz University Medicine Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Gurcan Kaya
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ünlüsoy Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buket Dalgıç
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Ozcay
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeren Baris
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Renate Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edwin C.A. Stigter
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center Molecular Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaske D. Lichtenbelt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P.G. Massink
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen J. Duran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke B.G.M Verheij
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Lugtenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Peter G.J. Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - René Scheenstra
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Coffer
- Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas R. Janecke
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick H.J. Houwen
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Middendorp
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Kaan Boztug
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; St. Anna Kinderspital and Children's Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Bendif H, Adouni K, Miara MD, Baranauskienė R, Kraujalis P, Venskutonis PR, Nabavi SM, Maggi F. Essential oils (EOs), pressurized liquid extracts ( PLE) and carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extracts (SFE-CO 2) from Algerian Thymus munbyanus as valuable sources of antioxidants to be used on an industrial level. Food Chem 2018; 260:289-298. [PMID: 29699672 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the potential of extracts from Algerian Thymus munbyanus as a valuable source of antioxidants for use on an industrial level. To this end, a study was conducted on the composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils (EOs), pressurized liquid extracts (PLE) and supercritical fluid extracts (SFE-CO2) obtained from Thymus munbyanus subsp. coloratus (TMC) and subsp. munbyanus (TMM). EOs and SFE-CO2 extracts were analysed by GC-FID and GC×GC-TOFMS revealing significant differences. A successive extraction of the solid SFE-CO2 residue by PLE extraction with solvents of increasing polarity such as acetone, ethanol and water, was carried out. The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, while the antioxidant power was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays. SFE-CO2 extracts were also analysed for their tocopherol content. The antioxidant activity of PLE extracts was found to be higher than that of SFE-CO2 extracts, and this increased with solvent polarity (water > ethanol > acetone). Overall, these results support the use of T. munbyanus as a valuable source of substances to be used on an industrial level as preservative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Bendif
- Laboratory of Ethnobotany and Natural Substances, Department of Natural Sciences, Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS), Algiers, Algeria; Natural and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed Boudiaf University, M'sila, Algeria
| | - Khaoula Adouni
- Laboratoire de Recherche "Bioressources: Biologie Intégrative & Valorisation", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Renata Baranauskienė
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Kraujalis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Petras Rimantas Venskutonis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
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28
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Yasuda JL, Rufo PA. Protein-Losing Enteropathy in the Setting of Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018; 6:2324709618760078. [PMID: 29511696 PMCID: PMC5833205 DOI: 10.1177/2324709618760078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-month-old boy presented with a 2-week history of pallor and progressive abdominal distention. Nutritional history revealed long-standing excessive cow milk intake. He was subsequently found to be profoundly iron deficient and hypoproteinemic, with an elevated fecal α-1-antitrypsin level and occult blood positive stool, consistent with protein-losing enteropathy. He was treated with cow milk restriction and oral iron supplements, which resulted in resolution of his edema and laboratory anomalies. While small numbers of previous case reports have described the potential association between excessive cow milk intake and severe iron deficiency and protein-losing enteropathy, this constellation of clinical symptoms is infrequently recognized in clinical practice. As iron deficiency is recognized as the most common nutritional deficiency in the United States, it is important to keep excessive cow milk intake in mind when evaluating young children presenting with severe iron deficiency and protein-losing enteropathy.
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29
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Bustos M, Berger H, Hannoush ZC, Ayala A, Freire R, Kargi AY. Anti-Ma-1 and Anti-Ma-2 Antibodies in Isolated Fatal Hypothalamitis. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:106-111. [PMID: 29379898 PMCID: PMC5783447 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic hypothalamitis (LHT) is a rare disease characterized by pituitary dysfunction, autonomic instability, metabolic disturbances, and neuropsychiatric disorders. We report the case of a 30-year-old man found to have LHT that progressed despite treatment with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). A literature review was conducted to identify prior studies pertaining to LHT. Our patient presented with several weeks of fatigue, cold intolerance, weight loss, confusion, and headache. Laboratory tests were consistent with panhypopituitarism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative enhancing mass in the area of the hypothalamus, and stereotactic biopsy findings showed reactive inflammatory changes. A course of hormone replacement (levothyroxine), methylprednisolone, and IVIG was initiated. The patient’s course was complicated by a fatal tonsillar herniation. Autopsy revealed LHT. The diagnosis and management of autoimmune LHT are challenging. The entity should be considered in the setting of panhypopituitarism with a hypothalamic mass. Differentiating paraneoplastic and nonparaneoplastic hypothalamitis should be established for management and prognosis. Definitive treatment remains unclear; treatment with corticosteroids should be attempted, followed by consideration of other immunosuppressive agents, such as rituximab. If a paraneoplastic syndrome is suspected, management should also be directed toward the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bustos
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine at Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33308
| | - Hara Berger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Zeina Carolina Hannoush
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Alejandro Ayala
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Rochelle Freire
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
| | - Atil Yilmaz Kargi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136
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Konstantinidis ST, Wharrad H, Windle R, Bamidis PD. Semantic Web, Reusable Learning Objects, Personal Learning Networks in Health: Key Pieces for Digital Health Literacy. Stud Health Technol Inform 2017; 238:219-222. [PMID: 28679928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge existing in the World Wide Web is exponentially expanding, while continuous advancements in health sciences contribute to the creation of new knowledge. There are a lot of efforts trying to identify how the social connectivity can endorse patients' empowerment, while other studies look at the identification and the quality of online materials. However, emphasis has not been put on the big picture of connecting the existing resources with the patients "new habits" of learning through their own Personal Learning Networks. In this paper we propose a framework for empowering patients' digital health literacy adjusted to patients' currents needs by utilizing the contemporary way of learning through Personal Learning Networks, existing high quality learning resources and semantics technologies for interconnecting knowledge pieces. The framework based on the concept of knowledge maps for health as defined in this paper. Health Digital Literacy needs definitely further enhancement and the use of the proposed concept might lead to useful tools which enable use of understandable health trusted resources tailored to each person needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Windle
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, UK
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Walgraeve C, De Wispelaere P, Van der Elst F, Van Langenhove H. Development of an analytical method to determine oxy-PAHs and PAHs in Taxus baccata leaves. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:335-47. [PMID: 27783122 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-0008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed and optimized for the quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 oxygenated PAHs in Taxus baccata leaves. Emphasis was given to the development of an in-cell cleanup step using pressurized solvent extraction, a cleanup step using solid-phase extraction, and the instrumental analysis by GC-HRMS. Different extraction temperatures (between 50 and 200 °C) and Florisil quantities were evaluated for the extraction process. Based on the evaluation of both recoveries and matrix effect factors, a temperature of 200 °C and 1 g Florisil was selected as the optimum. However, the in-cell cleanup was not sufficient in the long term due to increasing chromatographic peak broadening, and further cleanup was necessary. Solid-phase extraction (using Florisil) was evaluated, and breakthrough curves were acquired for all target compounds to determine the optimal elution volume and avoiding matrix interference. Recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 58 to 87 % for the PAHs and from 5 to 105 % for the oxy-PAHs. Matrix effects were determined for all individual target compounds. The optimized method was applied to T. baccata samples obtained from ten sampling locations in Ghent, Belgium. This is the first biomonitoring study in Ghent for PAHs and oxy-PAHs. The presence of significant amounts of toxicologically relevant oxygenated PAHs (Oxy-PAHs) (can enhance ROS formation in human lung cells) in T. baccata was confirmed (max ∑Oxy-PAHs: 230 ng/g; max ∑PAHs: 389 ng/g). This means that these oxygenated PAHs are important pollutants and should be included in future monitoring studies.
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Tlili I, Caria G, Ouddane B, Ghorbel-Abid I, Ternane R, Trabelsi-Ayadi M, Net S. Simultaneous detection of antibiotics and other drug residues in the dissolved and particulate phases of water by an off-line SPE combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS: Method development and application. Sci Total Environ 2016; 563-564:424-433. [PMID: 27151499 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to their widespread use in human and animal healthcare, antibiotics and other drug residues are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. Given their potential impacts on ecosystem functioning and public health, the quantification of environmental drug residues has become a necessity. Various analysis techniques have been found to be suitable for reliable detection of such compounds. However, quantification can be difficult because these compounds are present at trace or ultra-trace levels. Consequently, the accuracy of environmental analyses depends on both the efficiency and the robustness of the extraction and quantification method. In this work, an off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS was applied to the simultaneous extraction and quantification of 26 pharmaceutical products, including 18 antibiotics, dissolved in a water phase. Optimal conditions were determined and then applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted drug residues in water collected from four sites in Northern France: a river, the input and output of an aerated lagoon, and a wastewater treatment plant. Drug residues associated with suspended solid matter (SSM) were also quantified in this work using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) combined with an on-line SPE-LC-MS/MS system in order to complete an assessment of the degree of total background pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tlili
- Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Giovanni Caria
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols, 273, rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras, France.
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Ibtissem Ghorbel-Abid
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; Institut National de Recherche et d'Analyse Physico-chimique (INRAP), Laboratoire Matériaux, Traitement et Analyse (LMTA), BiotechPole Sidi-Thabet, 2032 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ternane
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Malika Trabelsi-Ayadi
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Laboratoire des Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et à l'Environnement, LACReSNE, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Sopheak Net
- Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR), UMR CNRS 8516, Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Montero L, Stiger-Pouvreau V, Tanniou A, Cifuentes A, Herrero M, Ibáñez E. Considerations on the use of enzyme-assisted extraction in combination with pressurized liquids to recover bioactive compounds from algae. Food Chem 2016; 192:67-74. [PMID: 26304321 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized liquids, PLE, and enzyme-assisted extraction, EAE, have been tested to improve the extraction of phlorotannins from the seaweed Sargassum muticum. Enzymatic treatment with proteases and carbohydrases, alkaline hydrolysis and PLE with ethanol:water as extracting solvent have been studied in terms of extraction yield, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (TEAC assay). Results demonstrated that the application of PLE alone provided the highest yields and relevant antioxidant activity. An experimental design was employed to further optimize the PLE extraction conditions; optimum parameters included the use of 160 °C and 95% ethanol. Under these conditions, values of 21.9%, 94.0mg gallic acid equivalents g(-1), 5.018 mg phloroglucinol equivalents g(-1) and 1.275 mmol trolox equivalents g(-1) were obtained for extraction yield, total phenols, total phlorotannins and TEAC, respectively. A preliminary chemical characterization by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry provided insight in terms of the mechanisms involved in the different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Montero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valérie Stiger-Pouvreau
- LEMAR UMR CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Anaëlle Tanniou
- LEMAR UMR CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER 6539, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Herrero
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL-CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Anilmis JV, Stewart CS, Roddy S, Hassanali N, Muccio F, Browning S, Bracegirdle K, Corrigall R, Laurens KR, Hirsch C, Kuipers E, Maddox L, Jolley S. Understanding the relationship between schematic beliefs, bullying, and unusual experiences in 8-14 year olds. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:920-3. [PMID: 26647867 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive models of adult psychosis propose that negative schematic beliefs (NSBs) mediate the established association between victimisation and psychotic symptoms. In childhood, unusual, or psychotic-like, experiences are associated with bullying (a common form of victimisation) and NSBs. This study tests the mediating role of NSBs in the relationship between bullying and distressing unusual experiences (UEDs) in childhood. METHOD Ninety-four 8-14 year olds referred to community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services completed self-report assessments of UEDs, bullying, and NSBs about the self (NS) and others (NO). RESULTS Both NS and NO were associated with bullying (NS: r=.40, P<.001; NO: r=.33, P=.002), and with UEDs (NS: r=.51, P<.001; NO: r=.43, P<.001). Both NS and NO significantly mediated the relationship between bullying and UEDs (NS: z=3.15, P=.002; NO: z=2.35, P=.019). CONCLUSIONS Children's NSBs may mediate the adverse psychological impact of victimisation, and are appropriate treatment targets for young people with UEDs. Early educational intervention to reduce negative appraisals of the self and others may increase resilience to future adverse experiences and reduce later mental health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Anilmis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK.
| | - C S Stewart
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Roddy
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N Hassanali
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - F Muccio
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Browning
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Bracegirdle
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Corrigall
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K R Laurens
- National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit (BRC/U), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London, UK; University of New South Wales, School of Psychiatry, Research Unit for Schizophrenia Epidemiology, Sydney, Australia; Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit (BRC/U), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - E Kuipers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre and Dementia Unit (BRC/U), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - L Maddox
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Jolley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Department of Psychology, London, UK
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Lazarev I, Shelef I, Refaely Y, Ariad S, Ifergane G. Two Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Syndromes: Limbic Encephalitis and Palmar Fasciitis in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Rare Tumors 2015; 7:5721. [PMID: 26500723 PMCID: PMC4600985 DOI: 10.4081/rt.2015.5721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a relatively high rate of autoimmune phenomena. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is an autoimmune syndrome in which a non-neural tumor containing an antigen normally present in the nervous system precipitates an antibody attack on neural tissues. Patients with PLE usually present with rapidly progressive short-term memory deficits, confusion or even dementia. Palmar fasciitis and polyarthritis syndrome (PFPAS) is another autoimmune syndrome characterized by rheumatologic manifestations, especially involving the palms of the hands. We report a case of a 59-year old woman who presented with worsening neurological symptoms of two-week duration, and later coma. The combined clinical, serological, and imaging studies suggested a diagnosis of PLE. A chest computed tomographic scan showed a 1.2 cm-diameter mass in the upper lobe of the left lung that was surgically removed and showed SCLC. Following surgery, neurological symptoms rapidly improved, allowing the patient to receive adjuvant chemotherapy. While in remission for both SCLC and PLE, the patient developed pain, soft-tissue swelling, and stiffness in both palms, suggesting the diagnosis of PFPAS. Five months following the diagnosis of palmar fasciitis, SCLC relapsed with mediastinal and cervical lymphadenopathy. This case report underlines the continuous interaction of SCLC with the immune system, expressed by coexistence of two rare paraneoplastic diseases, PLE, and PFPAS, in a patient with SCLC. While symptoms related to PLE preceded the initial diagnosis of SCLC, other symptoms related to PFPAS preceded relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lazarev
- Departments of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Departments of Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Yael Refaely
- Departments of Thoracic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Samuel Ariad
- Departments of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheba, Israel
| | - Gal Ifergane
- Departments of Neurology, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheba, Israel
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Elkadri A, Thoeni C, Deharvengt SJ, Murchie R, Guo C, Stavropoulos JD, Marshall CR, Wales P, Bandsma RH, Cutz E, Roifman CM, Chitayat D, Avitzur Y, Stan RV, Muise AM. Mutations in Plasmalemma Vesicle Associated Protein Result in Sieving Protein-Losing Enteropathy Characterized by Hypoproteinemia, Hypoalbuminemia, and Hypertriglyceridemia. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 1. [PMID: 26207260 PMCID: PMC4507283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS METHODS Severe intestinal diseases observed in very young children are often the result of monogenic defects. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to examine the genetic cause in a patient with a distinct severe form of protein losing enteropathy (PLE) characterized by hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS WES was performed at the Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Exome library preparation was performed using the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq RDY Exome Kit. Functional studies were carried out based on the identified mutation. RESULTS Using whole exome sequencing we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation (1072C>T; p.Arg358*) in the PLVAP (plasmalemma vesicle associated protein) gene in an infant from consanguineous parents who died at five months of age of severe protein losing enteropathy. Functional studies determined that the mutated PLVAP mRNA and protein were not expressed in the patient biopsy tissues, presumably secondary to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Pathological analysis showed that the loss of PLVAP resulted in disruption of endothelial fenestrated diaphragms. CONCLUSIONS PLVAP p.Arg358* mutation resulted in loss of PLVAP expression with subsequent deletion of the diaphragms of endothelial fenestrae leading to plasma protein extravasation, protein-losing enteropathy and ultimately death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Elkadri
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cornelia Thoeni
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie J. Deharvengt
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ryan Murchie
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conghui Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James D. Stavropoulos
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Wales
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H.J. Bandsma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chaim M. Roifman
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaron Avitzur
- Group for Improvement of Intestinal Function and Treatment (GIFT), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Radu V. Stan
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Aleixo M. Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Aleixo Muise, MD, PhD, 555 University Avenue, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8. fax: (416) 813-6531.
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Sinito C, Fernée MJ, Goupalov SV, Mulvaney P, Tamarat P, Lounis B. Tailoring the exciton fine structure of cadmium selenide nanocrystals with shape anisotropy and magnetic field. ACS Nano 2014; 8:11651-11656. [PMID: 25329623 DOI: 10.1021/nn5049409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We use nominally spheroidal CdSe nanocrystals with a zinc blende crystal structure to study how shape perturbations lift the energy degeneracies of the band-edge exciton. Nanocrystals with a low degree of symmetry exhibit splitting of both upper and lower bright state degeneracies due to valence band mixing combined with the isotropic exchange interaction, allowing active control of the level splitting with a magnetic field. Asymmetry-induced splitting of the bright states is used to reveal the entire 8-state band-edge fine structure, enabling complete comparison with band-edge exciton models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sinito
- LP2N, Université de Bordeaux , F-33405 Talence, France
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Kline E, Thompson E, Bussell K, Pitts SC, Reeves G, Schiffman J. Psychosis-like experiences and distress among adolescents using mental health services. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:498-502. [PMID: 24411529 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although 'psychosis-like experiences' (PLEs) may reflect elevated risk for onset of serious mental illness, many individuals reporting PLEs are not truly at risk for developing clinical psychosis. Interview-based instruments that define and diagnose "clinical high risk" status attempt to distinguish between normative PLEs and attenuated symptoms indicating progression toward psychosis by probing whether such experiences create clinically relevant concerns. Two recently developed self-report measures, the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief and the Prodromal Questionnaire-16, contain a 'distress scale' that helps assessors to gauge distress within a screening format. The aim of the current study is to examine the association of PLEs with distress within a sample of young people seeking mental health care and to investigate the usefulness of the distress scale in differentiating between participants who do and do not meet standardized criteria for a clinical high-risk syndrome. Sixty-six adolescents and young adults receiving mental health services completed the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief and the Structured Interview for Psychosis Risk Syndromes. The screener was scored in ways that emphasized varying interpretations of respondents' distress ratings. Within this sample, focusing only on PLEs associated with distress yielded improved prediction of clinical high-risk status, and participants meeting high-risk clinical criteria were found to report more distress per PLE relative to participants with other psychiatric disorders. Findings suggest that including a distress scale within a screener aids in identifying a group more likely to meet clinical high-risk criteria. Further, PLEs that respondents describe as neutral or positive do not appear to be relevant for clinical high-risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kline
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Kristin Bussell
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Steven C Pitts
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Gloria Reeves
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Jason Schiffman
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Department of Psychology, United States
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Shenoy PA, Nipate SS, Sonpetkar JM, Salvi NC, Waghmare AB, Chaudhari PD. Production of high titre antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice immunized with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) and piperine. Phytomedicine 2014; 21:159-63. [PMID: 24060214 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Piper longum L. fruits have been traditionally used against snakebites in north-eastern and southern region of India. The aim of the study was to assess the production of antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice after prophylactic immunization with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum L. and piperine. The mice sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against Russell's viper venom by in vitro lethality neutralization assay and in vivo lethality neutralization assay. Polyvalent anti-snake venom serum (antivenom) manufactured by Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd. was used as standard. Further confirmation of presence of antibodies against the venom in sera of mice immunized with PLE and piperine was done using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double immunodiffusion test. Treatment with PLE-treated mice serum and piperine-treated mice serum was found to inhibit the lethal action of venom both in the in vitro lethality neutralization assay and in vivo lethality neutralization assay. ELISA testing indicated that there were significantly high (p<0.01) levels of cross reactions between the PLE and piperine treated mice serum and the venom antigens. In double immunodiffusion test, a white band was observed between the two wells of antigen and antibodies for both the PLE-treated and piperine-treated mice serum. Thus it can be concluded that immunization with ethanolic extract of fruits of Piper longum and piperine produced a high titre antibody response against Russell's viper venom in mice. The antibodies against PLE and piperine could be useful in antivenom therapy of Russell's viper bites. PLE and piperine may also have a potential interest in view of the development of antivenom formulations used as antidote against snake bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - S S Nipate
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India.
| | - J M Sonpetkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - N C Salvi
- Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - A B Waghmare
- Haffkine Bio-Pharmaceutical Corporation Ltd., Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - P D Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology, Progressive Education Society's Modern College of Pharmacy, Sector No. 21, Yamunanagar, Nigdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
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Pintado-Herrera MG, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Determining the distribution of triclosan and methyl triclosan in estuarine settings. Chemosphere 2014; 95:478-485. [PMID: 24200050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the analysis of two sewage-derived contaminants: triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, and methyl triclosan (MTCS), a TCS metabolite. For solid samples (4 g), extraction and cleanup were integrated into the same step using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with in-cell-clean-up (1g of florisil). The extraction was performed using dichloromethane at 100 °C, 1500 psi and 3 static extraction cycles of 5 min each. For water samples (100mL), stir bar sorptive extraction-liquid desorption (SBSE-LD) was used. Bars were stirred for 10h and analytes were later desorbed using acetonitrile. Finally, MTCS and a silylated derivative of TCS were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Recovery experiments in water and sediments were performed and the results ranged from 67% to 78%. Limits of detection (LODs) were 5 ng L(-1) for TCS and 1 ng L(-1) for MTCS, in water samples, and 0.1 ng g(-1) for TCS and MTCS in solid samples. The method was applied then to determine the levels of these compounds in the estuary of Guadalete River (SW Spain). TCS and MTCS concentrations up to 9.6 ng g(-1) in sediments and 310 ng L(-1) in water were measured. Their distribution was strongly influenced by the presence of wastewater sources, treated and untreated, along the sampling area, where maximum concentrations were detected. Highest values were reached in the water column during low tides as the water volume in the estuary becomes lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Spain
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Zhou S, Cao J, Qiu F, Kong W, Yang S, Yang M. Simultaneous determination of five bioactive components in radix glycyrrhizae by pressurised liquid extraction combined with UPLC-PDA and UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS confirmation. Phytochem Anal 2013; 24:527-33. [PMID: 23427103 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizae species are popular ingredients of herbal medicine in most traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and they mainly contain flavonoids and triterpene saponins. The contents of these bioactive compounds may vary in different batches and affect the therapeutic effects. Thus comprehensive quality control and monitoring of their herbal formulation are of paramount concern. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid, effective pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to evaluate the quality of Glycyrrhizae species. METHODS Radix Glycyrrhizae was extracted by PLE using 70% ethanol at 100°C for 15 min during three static extraction cycles. Separation was performed using an UPLC system to quantify five bioactive compounds, namely liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, in 12 batches of samples of different origins in China. Furthermore, the samples were analysed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) system to confirm the results. RESULTS The calibration curves of all five analytes showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.9997). Accuracy, precision and repeatability were all within required limits. The mean recoveries measured at the three concentrations were higher than 93.7% with RSDs lower than < 3.33% for the targets. CONCLUSION The established PLE and UPLC-PDA method could serve as a rapid and effective method for quality evaluation of Radix Glycyrrhizae. The UPLC technique can be considered as an attractive alternative to HPLC in routine quality control of Chinese medicine, especially in situations where high sample throughput and fast analytical speed are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhou
- Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
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Amaral CDB, Nóbrega JA, Nogueira ARA. Sam ple preparation for arsenic speciation in terrestrial plants--a review. Talanta 2013; 115:291-9. [PMID: 24054594 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is an element widely present in nature. Additionally, it may be found as different species in several matrices and therefore it is one of the target elements in chemical speciation. Although the number of studies in terrestrial plants is low, compared to matrices such as fish or urine, this number is raising due to the fact that this type of matrix are closely related to the human food chain. In speciation analysis, sample preparation is a critical step and several extraction procedures present drawbacks. In this review, papers dealing with extraction procedures, analytical methods, and studies of species conservation in plants cultivated in terrestrial environment are critically discussed. Analytical procedures based on extractions using water or diluted acid solutions associated with HPLC-ICP-MS are good alternatives, owing to their versatility and sensitivity, even though less expensive strategies are shown as feasible choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice D B Amaral
- Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, PO Box 676, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Embrapa Southeast Livestock, PO Box 339, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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