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Do Q, Zhang R, Hooper G, Xu L. Differential Contributions of Distinct Free Radical Peroxidation Mechanisms to the Induction of Ferroptosis. JACS AU 2023; 3:1100-1117. [PMID: 37124288 PMCID: PMC10131203 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Lipid peroxidation can propagate through either the hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) or peroxyl radical addition (PRA) mechanism. However, the contribution of the PRA mechanism to the induction of ferroptosis has not been studied. In this study, we aim to elucidate the relationship between the reactivity and mechanisms of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis induction. We found that while some peroxidation-reactive lipids, such as 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamins D3 and A, and coenzyme Q10, suppress ferroptosis, both nonconjugated and conjugated PUFAs enhanced cell death induced by RSL3, a ferroptosis inducer. Importantly, we found that conjugated PUFAs, including conjugated linolenic acid (CLA 18:3) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA 18:2), can induce or potentiate ferroptosis much more potently than nonconjugated PUFAs. We next sought to elucidate the mechanism underlying the different ferroptosis-inducing potency of conjugated and nonconjugated PUFAs. Lipidomics revealed that conjugated and nonconjugated PUFAs are incorporated into distinct cellular lipid species. The different peroxidation mechanisms predict the formation of higher levels of reactive electrophilic aldehydes from conjugated PUFAs than nonconjugated PUFAs, which was confirmed by aldehyde-trapping and mass spectrometry. RNA sequencing revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and proteasome are among the most significantly upregulated pathways in cells treated with CLA 18:3, suggesting increased ER stress and activation of unfolded protein response. These results suggest that protein damage by lipid electrophiles is a key step in ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Do
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gavin Hooper
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Hanafi RS, Lämmerhofer M. Quality-by-design approach for development of aqueous headspace microextraction GC-MS method for targeted metabolomics of small aldehydes in plasma of cardiovascular patients. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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3
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Dennenlöhr J, Thörner S, Maxminer J, Rettberg N. Analysis of Selected Staling Aldehydes in Wort and Beer by GC-EI-MS/MS Using HS-SPME with On-Fiber Derivatization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1795478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dennenlöhr
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Thörner
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Maxminer
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Rettberg
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
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4
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Semerád J, Moeder M, Filip J, Pivokonský M, Filipová A, Cajthaml T. Oxidative stress in microbes after exposure to iron nanoparticles: analysis of aldehydes as oxidative damage products of lipids and proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33670-33682. [PMID: 31591687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their enhanced reactivity, metal and metal-oxide nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanomaterials have been introduced into remediation practice. To ensure that environmental applications of nanomaterials are safe, their possible toxic effects should be described. However, there is still a lack of suitable toxicity tests that address the specific mode of action of nanoparticles, especially for nZVI. This contribution presents a novel approach for monitoring one of the most discussed adverse effects of nanoparticles, i.e., oxidative stress (OS). We optimized and developed an assay based on headspace-SPME-GC-MS analysis that enables the direct determination of volatile oxidative damage products (aldehydes) of lipids and proteins in microbial cultures after exposure to commercial types of nZVI. The method employs PDMS/DVB SPME fibers and pentafluorobenzyl derivatization, and the protocol was successfully tested using representatives of bacteria, fungi, and algae. Six aldehydes, namely, formaldehyde, acrolein, methional, benzaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, were detected in the cultures, and all of them exhibited dose-dependent sigmoidal responses. The presence of methional, which was detected in all cultures except those including an algal strain, documents that nZVI also caused oxidative damage to proteins in addition to lipids. The most sensitive toward nZVI exposure in terms of aldehyde production was the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which had an EC50 value of 0.08 g/L nZVI. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to document the production of aldehydes resulting from lipids and proteins as a result of OS in microorganisms from different kingdoms after exposure to iron nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Semerád
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moeder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz-Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonský
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, CZ-166 12, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Filipová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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5
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Jouanin I, Chevolleau S, Canlet C, Lorber C, Pierre F, Guéraud F, Debrauwer L. Facile Oxime Ether Synthesis: Free Carbonyl Compound Derivatization by a Brominated O-Benzylhydroxylamine. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1035791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jouanin
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Chevolleau
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Lorber
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Pierre
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- INRA, UMR, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
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6
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Cao J, Deng L, Zhu XM, Fan Y, Hu JN, Li J, Deng ZY. Novel approach to evaluate the oxidation state of vegetable oils using characteristic oxidation indicators. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12545-12552. [PMID: 25487776 DOI: 10.1021/jf5047656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Four vegetable oils with typical fatty acid compositions were chosen to determine their indicators of lipid oxidation under the conditions of accelerated oxidation. Good linear correlations were observed between the total nonpolar carbonyl amount and the total oxidation value (TOTOX, R(2) = 0.89-0.97) or peroxide value (POV, R(2) = 0.92-0.97) during 35 days of accelerated oxidation. Additionally, nonanal in camellia oil (oleic acid mainly) increased significantly, and correlated linearly with TOTOX (21.6 TOTOX - 595, R(2) = 0.92); propanal increased significantly in perilla oil (linolenic acid mainly) and correlated linearly with TOTOX (8.10 TOTOX + 75.0, R(2) = 0.90). Hexanal (9.56 TOTOX + 913, R(2) = 0.90, and 7.10 TOTOX + 342, R(2) = 0.78, respectively) and nonenal (10.5 TOTOX + 691, R(2) = 0.95, and 6.65 TOTOX + 276, R(2) = 0.84, respectively) in sunflower oil (linoleic acid mainly) and palm oil (palmitic and oleic acids mainly) also had good linear correlations with TOTOX. Considering the change patterns of these four aldehydes, it was found that the oxidation stability was in the order sunflower oil < camellia oil < perilla oil < palm oil, which was same as POV, TOTOX, and total nonpolar carbonyls. It was concluded that the four aldehydes nonanal, propanal, hexanal, and nonenal could be used as oxidation indicators for the four types of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, Jiangxi Province, China
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7
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Onyango AN. Small reactive carbonyl compounds as tissue lipid oxidation products; and the mechanisms of their formation thereby. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:777-86. [PMID: 23059118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Small reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glycolaldehyde, glycidaldehyde, and 2-butene-1,4-dial are involved in carbonyl and oxidative stress-related physiological disorders. While some evidence indicates that lipid oxidation could be an important source of these compounds in vivo, this has sometimes been doubted because the mechanisms of their formation thereby are poorly understood. Here, representative literature supporting the significant formation of these compounds during lipid oxidation under physiologically relevant conditions are highlighted, and the strengths and weaknesses of previously proposed mechanisms of their formation thereby are considered. In addition, based on the current understanding of lipid oxidation chemistry, some new pathways of their formation are suggested. The suggested pathways also generate 4-hydroxy-2-butenal, a precursor of the carcinogen furan, whose endogenous formation in tissues has hitherto not been seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000 (00200), Nairobi, Kenya.
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8
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Matera R, Gabbanini S, Valvassori A, Triquigneaux M, Valgimigli L. Reactivity of (E)-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal with Fluorinated Phenylhydrazines: Towards the Efficient Derivatization of an Elusive Key Biomarker of Lipid Peroxidation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Glyoxal formation and its role in endogenous oxalate synthesis. Adv Urol 2012; 2012:819202. [PMID: 22567004 PMCID: PMC3332067 DOI: 10.1155/2012/819202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium oxalate kidney stones are a common condition affecting many people in the United States. The concentration of oxalate in urine is a major risk factor for stone formation. There is evidence that glyoxal metabolism may be an important contributor to urinary oxalate excretion. Endogenous sources of glyoxal include the catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Here, we review all the known sources of glyoxal as well as its relationship to oxalate synthesis and crystal formation.
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10
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Mass spectrometry of fatty aldehydes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:680-93. [PMID: 21930240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty aldehydes are important components of the cellular lipidome. Significant interest has been developed towards the analysis of the short chain α,β-unsaturated and hydroxylated aldehydes formed as a result of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Multiple gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and subsequently liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approaches have been developed to identify and quantify short-chain as well as long-chain fatty aldehydes. Due to the ability to non-enzymaticaly form Schiff bases with amino groups of proteins, lipids, and with DNA guanidine, free aldehydes are viewed as a marker or metric of fatty acid oxidation and not the part of intracellular signaling pathways which has significantly limited the overall attention this group of molecules have received. This review provides an overview of current GC/MS and LC/MS approaches of fatty aldehyde analysis as well as discusses technical challenges standing in the way of free fatty aldehyde quantitation.
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11
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Silva AMN, Borralho AC, Pinho SA, Domingues MRM, Domingues P. Cross-oxidation of angiotensin II by glycerophosphatidylcholine oxidation products. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1413-1421. [PMID: 21504007 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein lipoxidation is a deleterious process which has been related to several degenerative conditions. In the present study, the interaction of lipid secondary oxidation products with peptides was investigated by evaluating the modifications occurring to angiotensin II (Ang-II) in the presence of an oxidizing polyunsaturated glycerophospholipid (1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-glycerophosphatidylcholine, PAPC). PAPC oxidation was promoted by Fenton chemistry and the oxidation products were incubated with Ang-II. The reaction products were finally analysed by off-line nanospray high-performance liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nano-HPLC/MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). Ang-II was found to form adducts with 26 different aldehydes, leading to 37 distinct reaction products. Modification of Ang-II occurred through reaction with reactive carbonyl species (RCS) originating from fatty acyl chain cleavage, while interactions with the oxidized phospholipid could not be detected. Adduction was observed to occur both by Michael and Schiff base mechanisms, most prevalently taking place at the peptide N-terminus or the arginine residue. Histidine modification could only be demonstrated to occur via Michael addition with two aldehydes: 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and 2-octenal. The highly reactive 4-oxo-2-nonenal (ONE) was shown to react preferentially with the arginine side chain, while malondialdehyde addition could only be confirmed at the N-terminus. Aspartic acid oxidative decarboxylation, amino acid side chain oxidation, multiple adduction or peptide cross-links could not be perceived. The inability to detect these reaction products is indicative of their low abundance or non-existence in competitive reaction conditions. The multiplicity of peptide modifications described emphasizes the complexity of lipoxidation, the effects of which are not possible to fully understand by the evaluation of independent reaction products.
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12
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Clark AJ, Calvillo JL, Roosa MS, Green DB, Ganske JA. Degradation product emission from historic and modern books by headspace SPME/GC–MS: evaluation of lipid oxidation and cellulose hydrolysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3589-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Determination of carbonyl compounds in fish species samples with solid-phase microextraction with on-fibre derivatization. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Habel A, Sperling P, Bartram S, Heinz E, Boland W. Conformational studies on the Delta8(E,Z)-sphingolipid desaturase from Helianthus annuus with chiral fluoropalmitic acids as mechanistic probes. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4975-82. [PMID: 20575587 DOI: 10.1021/jo100542q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Delta(8)-sphingolipid desaturase from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) converts phytosphinganine into a mixture of Delta(8)-(E)- and -(Z)-phytosphingenines by removal of two syn-hydrogen atoms from anti-, and gauche-conformations of the substrate. With chiral (R)-6-, (S)-6-, (R)-7-, and (S)-7-fluoropalmitic acids the importance of conformations for the formation of (E)- and (Z)-isomers was investigated by using growing yeast cells expressing the desaturase from H. annuus. The fluoropalmitic acids were readily incorporated into a series of fluorinated phytosphinganines. The desaturation products of the major C(18)-fluorophytosphinganine demonstrate that different conformations of the relevant aliphatic segment of the sphingolipids can be exposed to the active center of the enzyme resulting in (E)- or (Z)-fluoroalkenes. The presence of a fluorine atom at the position of the initial hydrogen removal C8-H(R) led to a complete suppression of the desaturation reaction, while replacement of C8-H(S) with fluorine generated a mixture of mainly (Z)- and trace amounts of (E)-fluoroolefine. Fluorine at C9 of the phytosphinganine precursors did not interfere with the initial C-H activation step and produced (E)- and (Z)-fluoroalkenes in the same ratio as observed for the nonfluorinated precursors. Hydroxylated byproducts of the desaturation process were not observed. These results strongly support the importance of conformations of the transition states during desaturation as the relevant criterion for the relative ratio of (E)- and (Z)-alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Habel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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15
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Rui F, Boland W. Algal pheromone biosynthesis: stereochemical analysis and mechanistic implications in gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3958-64. [PMID: 20504036 DOI: 10.1021/jo1004372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During sexual reproduction, female gametes or eggs of brown algae release pheromones to attract their male mating partners. The biologically active compounds comprise linear or alicyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons derived from the aliphatic terminus of C(20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by oxidative cleavage. The current study addresses the stereochemical course of the pheromone biosynthesis using female gametes of the marine brown alga E. siliculosus and chiral deuterium-labeled arachidonic acids. The biosynthetic sequence is likely to proceed via an intermediary 9-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid, which is cleaved with loss of the C(16)-H(R) into the C(11)-hydrocarbon dictyopterene C and 9-oxonona-(5Z,7E)-dienoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rui
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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16
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Beránek J, Muggli DA, Kubátová A. Detection limits of electron and electron capture negative ionization-mass spectrometry for aldehydes derivatized with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:592-602. [PMID: 20106680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to common expectations, the differences in limits of detection (LODs) between electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) and electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry (MS) were found to be insignificant for a wide range of aldehydes derivatized with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Comparison of the two ionization methods based on LOD confidence intervals revealed that a traditional presentation of the LOD or limit of quantitation (LOQ) as a single value may over/underestimate the significance of obtained results. LODs were between 20 and 150 pg injected for the majority of tested derivatized carbonyls using both ionization methods. ECNI-MS improved LODs by approximately 10- to 20-fold only for two derivatized aldehydes, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural. Selectivity of ECNI did not appear to be beneficial when analyzing a wood smoke particulate matter (WS-PM) extract, possibly because the majority of interferences were removed during sample preparation (i.e., liquid-liquid extraction). The impact of four different data acquisition modes of transmission quadrupole (TQ)-MS on LODs and their precisions was also investigated. As expected, LODs in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) were approximately two to four times lower than those obtained using total ion current (TIC) mode. More importantly, TQ-MS in the selected ion-total ion (SITI) mode (i.e., acquiring SIM and TIC data in a single analysis) provided signal-to-noise ratios and precisions, which were comparable to SIM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Beránek
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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17
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Targeted LC-MS derivatization for aldehydes and carboxylic acids with a new derivatization agent 4-APEBA. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:665-75. [PMID: 20238107 PMCID: PMC2855813 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the template of a recently introduced derivatization reagent for aldehydes, 4-(2-(trimethylammonio)ethoxy)benzeneaminium dibromide (4-APC), a new derivatization agent was designed with additional features for the analysis and screening of biomarkers of lipid peroxidation. The new derivatization reagent, 4-(2-((4-bromophenethyl)dimethylammonio)ethoxy)benzenaminium dibromide (4-APEBA) contains a bromophenethyl group to incorporate an isotopic signature to the derivatives and to add additional fragmentation identifiers, collectively enhancing the abilities for detection and screening of unknown aldehydes. Derivatization can be achieved under mild conditions (pH 5.7, 10 °C). By changing the secondary reagent (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide instead of sodium cyanoborohydride), 4-APEBA is also applicable to the selective derivatization of carboxylic acids. Synthesis of the new label, exploration of the derivatization conditions, characterization of the fragmentation of the aldehyde and carboxylic acid derivatives in MS/MS, and preliminary applications of the labeling strategy for the analysis of aldehydes in urine and plasma are described. Structure and MS/MS fragmentation spectrum of 4-APEBA reagents derivatized with octanoic acid ![]()
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18
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Comparison of extraction techniques and mass spectrometric ionization modes in the analysis of wine volatile carbonyls. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 660:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Strlič M, Thomas J, Trafela T, Cséfalvayová L, Kralj Cigić I, Kolar J, Cassar M. Material Degradomics: On the Smell of Old Books. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8617-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9016049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matija Strlič
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - Jacob Thomas
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - Tanja Trafela
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - Linda Cséfalvayová
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - Irena Kralj Cigić
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - Jana Kolar
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
| | - May Cassar
- Centre for Sustainable Heritage, The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, Gower Street (Torrington Place site), London, United Kingdom WCIE 6BT, Tate, Millbank, London, United Kingdom SW1P 4RG, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia SI-1000, and Morana RTD d.o.o., Oslica 1b, Ivančna Gorica, Slovenia SI-1295
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Beránek J, Kubátová A. Evaluation of solid-phase microextraction methods for determination of trace concentration aldehydes in aqueous solution. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Schmarr HG, Sang W, Ganß S, Fischer U, Köpp B, Schulz C, Potouridis T. Analysis of aldehydes via
headspace SPME with on-fiber derivatization to their O
-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime derivatives and comprehensive 2D-GC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3458-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Analysis of carbonyl compounds via headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization and gas chromatographic–ion trap tandem mass spectrometric determination of their O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime derivatives. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 617:119-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Gas chromatographic determination of carbonyl compounds in biological and oil samples by headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatisation. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Mann MGA, Mkwananzi HB, Antunes EM, Whibley CE, Hendricks DT, Bolton JJ, Beukes DR. Halogenated monoterpene aldehydes from the South African marine alga Plocamium corallorhiza. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:596-9. [PMID: 17343409 DOI: 10.1021/np060547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Four new halogenated monoterpene aldehydes (1-4) have been isolated from the South African marine red alga Plocamium corallorhiza, along with the known compounds 4,6-dibromo-1,1-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-2E,7-octadiene (5) and 1,4,8-tribromo-3,7-dichloro-3,7-dimethyl-1E,5E-octadiene (10). The structures of the new compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data and synthesis and mass spectrometric analysis of their pentafluorobenzyloxime (PFBO) derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryssa G A Mann
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Artillery Road, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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26
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Cheng Z, Li Y. What is responsible for the initiating chemistry of iron-mediated lipid peroxidation: an update. Chem Rev 2007; 107:748-66. [PMID: 17326688 DOI: 10.1021/cr040077w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic & Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China 100871
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27
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Schulze B, Lauchli R, Sonwa MM, Schmidt A, Boland W. Profiling of structurally labile oxylipins in plants by in situ derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine. Anal Biochem 2006; 348:269-83. [PMID: 16307716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A GC-MS-based method for the simultaneous quantification of common oxylipins along with labile and highly reactive compounds based on in situ derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine to the corresponding O-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl oximes (PFB oximes) is presented. The approach covers oxo derivatives such as jasmonic acid (JA), 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA), certain phytoprostanes, unsaturated oxo-acids, oxo-hydroxy acids, and aldehyde fragments from the polar head of fatty acids. In the positive electron impact-MS mode, the PFB oximes display characteristic fragment ions that greatly facilitate the identification of oxylipins in complex matrices. In addition, the fluorinated derivatives allow a highly selective and low-background analysis by negative chemical ionization. Besides showing the general value of the method for the identification of a broad range of oxylipins (18 examples), we also demonstrate sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility for the quantification of JA, OPDA, 11-oxo-9-undecenoic acid, and 13-oxo-9,11-tridecadienoic acid. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated by differential profiling of these four oxylipins in lima bean leaves after mechanical wounding and feeding by the herbivore Spodoptera littoralis. Caterpillar feeding induced several oxylipins, whereas after wounding only the level of JA increased. The rapid in situ derivatization prevents the isomerization of cis-JA to trans-JA. The resting level of JA in lima beans showed an isomer ratio of 80:20 for trans/cis-JA. After wounding, de novo synthesis of JA alters the ratio to 20:80 in favor of the cis isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schulze
- Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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28
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Rochat S, Chaintreau A. Carbonyl odorants contributing to the in-oven roast beef top note. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:9578-85. [PMID: 16302780 DOI: 10.1021/jf058089l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Among the few papers related to the gas chromatography (GC)-olfactometric determination of important odorants in cooked beef aroma, only one uses roasting conditions, but none of them investigates the appealing aroma during the cooking of the piece of meat. The present paper investigates this top note as perceived from the oven, by analyzing the oven headspace using GC-"SNIF", a GC-olfactometric technique. From the different functional classes of odorants participating in overall in-oven aroma, this first paper focuses only on the role of aldehydes and ketones, as they represent the majority of aroma compounds formed during cooking. To ascertain the identification of these odorants, a microderivatization technique was used, based on (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)hydrazine. The resulting hydrazones exhibit very specific mass spectrometric fragments, leading to a sensitive and specific detection. A total of 23 carbonyl compounds were shown to contribute to the roast beef top note.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Rochat
- Corporate Research and Development Division, Firmenich SA, P.O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
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29
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Williams TI, Lovell MA, Lynn BC. Analysis of Derivatized Biogenic Aldehydes by LC Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2005; 77:3383-9. [PMID: 15889933 DOI: 10.1021/ac048265+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation has been linked to the etiology of several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). End products of this phenomenon include low molecular weight, water-soluble aldehydes, compounds that covalently modify proteins and nucleic acids, thereby altering function. Aliphatic aldehydes (C3-C10) are generated during lipid peroxidation, along with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes, including acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The Hantzsch reaction was used to produce heterocyclic aldehyde derivatives that can be conveniently analyzed with mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatographic analyses revealed increasing retention times from derivatized methanal to octanal. HNE derivatives were observed to elute between heptanal and octanal derivatives, while the acrolein derivatives had a retention time similar to the propanal derivative. Smaller aliphatic aldehyde derivatives fragmented in a similar manner to produce a base peak of m/z 273, while the larger derivatives yielded m/z 274 as the base peak. Acrolein and HNE derivatives fragmented in a slightly different manner compared to their aliphatic counterparts. Calibration plots of aliphatic and unsaturated aldehydes were linear (r2 >/= 0.99) in the concentration range explored (approximately 5-1500 pg on column). The LC-MS/MS methodology developed here will be used in subsequent studies to determine aldehyde concentrations for comparing age-matched controls to AD tissues from human subjects.
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30
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Konidari CN, Giannopoulos TS, Nanos CG, Stalikas CD. Determination of plasma, urine, and bovine serum albumin low-molecular-weight carbonyl levels by capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture and mass-selective detection. Anal Biochem 2005; 338:62-70. [PMID: 15707936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxidation of lipids produces low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds, which are reactive with biological nucleophiles. The analysis of these compounds is often difficult. A multicomponent method for the determination of 11 of them in biological samples is reported. The samples are subjected to a pretreatment-derivatization procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis with either electron-capture detection (ECD) or mass-selective detection (MSD) in the selected-ion monitoring mode. The procedure involves derivatization of the analyte with 2,4,6-trichlorophenylhydrazine, extraction with n-hexane, and separation of the derivatization products on a nonpolar gas chromatographic column. The concentration of the derivatization reagent, pH, reaction time, temperature, and presence of extraneous ions were investigated to determine the optimal derivatization conditions. Under these conditions, the method allows for the selective detection of low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds at femtomole levels in several biological materials such as plasma, urine, and bovine serum albumin without interferences. The limits of detection were in the ranges 0.01-0.2 microM for ECD and 0.15-1.5 microM for MSD. The mean procedural recoveries obtained during the method validation were within the range 85-95% and the intra- and interassay standard deviations do not exceed 4.6 and 6.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantina N Konidari
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
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31
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Deng C, Li N, Zhu W, Qian J, Yang X, Zhang X. Rapid determination of C6-aldehydes in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:172-6. [PMID: 15754825 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free method was developed for determination of plant-signalling compounds, the three C6-aldehydes hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenal, in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with on-fiber derivatization. In this method, O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) in aqueous solution was first headspace adsorbed onto a 65 microm poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 25 degrees C for 5 min, and then the fiber with adsorbed PFBHA was used for headspace extraction of tomato plant emission at 25 degrees C for 6 min. Finally, the resulting oximes adsorbed on the fiber were desorbed and analyzed by GC-MS. Extraction conditions and method validation were studied. The proposed method had low detection limit values for the three aldehydes from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/L and good precision (RSD less than 10%). In this work, the method was applied to investigation of tomato plant defense response to Helicoverpa armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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32
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Wichard T, Poulet SA, Pohnert G. Determination and quantification of α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes as pentafluorobenzyl-oxime derivates in diatom cultures and natural phytoplankton populations: application in marine field studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 814:155-61. [PMID: 15607720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated aldehydes and oxo-acids produced by marine diatoms upon cell damage interfere negatively with the reproduction success of their grazers. A simple, sensitive and specific method based on gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (EI or CI/EC) was developed for the quantification of these deleterious substances in laboratory diatom cultures and in natural phytoplankton populations. For aldehyde quantification, diatom containing samples are damaged in the presence of O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA.HCl) which leads to an in situ derivatisation without inhibition of the biosynthesis of the aldehydes. The oxime derivates of oxo-acids were in addition reacted with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyl-trifluoracetamide (MTBSTFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wichard
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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33
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Watson D, Atsriku C, Oliveira E. Review role of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in the analysis of oxidation products and antioxidants in biological systems. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Claeson K, Thorsén G, Karlberg B. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation and laser-induced fluorescence detection of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 763:133-8. [PMID: 11710571 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxnonenal (HNE) is a product of lipid peroxidation in biological systems that causes a variety of harmful biological effects. A method for identifying HNE based on derivatization with the fluorescent reagent dansylhydrazine (5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulphonehydrazine (DNSH) followed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation laser-induced fluorescence detection has been developed. The derivatization reaction has also been investigated for significant experimental parameters and rat brain homogenates with induced lipid peroxidation have been analysed for HNE contents. The limit of detection (3 S/N) was 30 nM or 0.3 fmol in the injected sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Claeson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
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35
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Abstract
Aging is related with an increase in oxidation products derived from nucleic acids, sugars, sterols and lipids. Evidence will be presented that these different oxidation products are generated by processes induced by changes in the cell membrane structure (CMS), and not by superoxide, as commonly assumed. CMS activate apparently membrane bound phospholipases A2 in mammals and plants. Such changes occur by proliferation, aging and especially by wounding. After activation of phospholipases, influx of Ca2+ ions and activation of lipoxygenases (LOX) is induced. The LOX transform polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), which seem to be decomposed by action of enzymes to signalling compounds. Following severe cell injury, LOX commit suicide. Their suicide liberates iron ions that induce nonenzymic lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes by generation of radicals. Radicals attack all compounds with the structural element -CH=CH-CH(2)-CH=CH-. Thus, they act on all PUFAs independently either in free or conjugated form. The most abundant LPO products are derived from linoleic acid. Radicals induce generation of peroxyl radicals, which oxidise a great variety of biological compounds including proteins and nucleic acids. Nonenzymic LPO processes are induced artificially by the treatment of pure PUFAs with bivalent metal ions. The products are separable after appropriate derivatisation by gas chromatography (GC). They are identified by electron impact mass spectrometry (EI/MS). The complete spectrum of LPO products obtained by artificial LPO of linoleic acid is detectable after wounding of tissue, in aged individuals and in patients suffering from age-dependent diseases. Genesis of different LPO products derived from linoleic acid will be discussed in detail. Some of the LPO products are of high chemical reactivity and therefore escape detection in biological surrounding. For instance, epoxides and highly unsaturated aldehydic compounds that apparently induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spiteller
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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36
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Jung V, Pohnert G. Rapid wound-activated transformation of the green algal defensive metabolite caulerpenyne. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Spiteller P, Kern W, Reiner J, Spiteller G. Aldehydic lipid peroxidation products derived from linoleic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1531:188-208. [PMID: 11325611 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes observed in diseases connected with inflammation involve mainly linoleic acid. Its primary LPO products, 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-HPODE) and 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE), decompose in multistep degradation reactions. These reactions were investigated in model studies: decomposition of either 9-HPODE or 13-HPODE by Fe(2+) catalyzed air oxidation generates (with the exception of corresponding hydroxy and oxo derivatives) identical products in often nearly equal amounts, pointing to a common intermediate. Pairs of carbonyl compounds were recognized by reacting the oxidation mixtures with pentafluorobenzylhydroxylamine. Even if a pure lipid hydroperoxide is subjected to decomposition a great variety of products is generated, since primary products suffer further transformations. Therefore pure primarily decomposition products of HPODEs were exposed to stirring in air with or without addition of iron ions. Thus we observed that primary products containing the structural element R-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=O add water and then they are cleaved by retroaldol reactions. 2,4-Decadienal is degraded in the absence of iron ions to 2-butenal, hexanal and 5-oxodecanal. Small amounts of buten-1,4-dial were also detected. Addition of m-chloroperbenzoic acid transforms 2,4-decadienal to 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. 4,5-Epoxy-2-decenal, synthetically available by treatment of 2,4-decadienal with dimethyldioxirane, is hydrolyzed to 4,5-dihydroxy-2-decenal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl Organische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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38
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O'Brien-Coker IC, Perkins G, Mallet AI. Aldehyde analysis by high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2001; 15:920-928. [PMID: 11400197 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) procedure for the specific qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipid aldehydes in biological matrices. A derivatisation method, which results in molecules that exhibit a common product ion on MS/MS, permits informative precursor ion scans, at high sensitivity. This has been applied to the examination of plasma in order to examine the production of aldehydes consequent on in vitro lipid oxidation. Quantitative analysis of target molecules using multiple reaction monitoring has been developed to permit quantitation in the same matrices.
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Strassnig S, Wenzl T, Lankmayr EP. Microwave-assisted derivatization of volatile carbonyl compounds with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine. J Chromatogr A 2000; 891:267-73. [PMID: 11043787 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for the determination of carbonyl compounds, either directly from gaseous phase or following a volatilization from liquid or solid samples after trapping on Tenax TA is presented. Following solvent desorption, the carbonyls are derivatized using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine. The reaction is accomplished in a microwave oven using closed vessels to minimize reaction time compared to conventional methodology. The solvent for the chemical reaction was selected according to the requirements of microwave energy interaction and solubility. After gas chromatographic separation of the corresponding oximes, they are detected using electron impact mass spectrometry in single ion monitoring mode. Quantification is carried out using internal standardization with 3-fluorobenzaldehyde, resulting in limits of detection in the ppm range following the calibration graph method. The optimized conditions provide for good recoveries and fast reaction rates for the volatile carbonyls studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strassnig
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Micro- and Radiochemistry, Technical University of Graz, Austria
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40
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Gallasch BA, Spiteller G. Synthesis of 9,12-dioxo-10(Z)-dodecenoic acid, a new fatty acid metabolite derived from 9-hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid in lentil seed (Lens culinaris Medik.). Lipids 2000; 35:953-60. [PMID: 11026615 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The previously unknown linoleic acid peroxidation product 9,12-dioxo-10(Z)-decenoic acid (Z5) was detected in lentil seed flour (Lens culinaris Medik.) by electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS) after derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl-hydroxylamine-hydrochloride, methylation of acidic groups with diazomethane, and protection of hydroxylic groups with N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide. The structure of the natural product was confirmed by synthesis of Z5, 9,12-dioxo-l0(E)-decenoic acid, and derivatives. EI-MS, nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatographic data of these compounds and synthetic intermediates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Gallasch
- Organische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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41
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Spiteller D, Spiteller G. Direkter Nachweis von toxischem 2,4‐Decadienal in oxidiertem Low‐Density‐Lipoprotein durch Festphasenmikroextraktion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(20000204)112:3<595::aid-ange595>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I der Universität Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Deutschland, Fax: (+49) 921‐552671
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42
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Spiteller G, Kern W, Spiteller P. Investigation of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Spiteller G. Linoleic acid peroxidation--the dominant lipid peroxidation process in low density lipoprotein--and its relationship to chronic diseases. Chem Phys Lipids 1998; 95:105-62. [PMID: 9853364 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(98)00091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Modern separation and identification methods enable detailed insight in lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes. The following deductions can be made: (1) Cell injury activates enzymes: lipoxygenases generate lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), proteases liberate Fe ions--these two processes are prerequisites to produce radicals. (2) Radicals attack any activated CH2-group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with about a similar probability. Since linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant PUFA in mammals, its LPO products dominate. (3) LOOHs are easily reduced in biological surroundings to corresponding hydroxy acids (LOHs). LOHs derived from LA, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), surmount other markers of LPO. HODEs are of high physiological relevance. (4) In some diseases characterized by inflammation or cell injury HODEs are present in low density lipoproteins (LDL) at 10-100 higher concentration, compared to LDL from healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spiteller
- Lehrstuhl Organische Chemie I, Universität Bayreuth, Germany.
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