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Li C, Mishra B, Kashyap M, Weng Z, Andrabi SA, Mukhtar SM, Kim AL, Bickers DR, Kopelovich L, Athar M. Patched1 haploinsufficiency severely impacts intermediary metabolism in the skin of Ptch1 +/-/ODC transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13072. [PMID: 31506465 PMCID: PMC6737076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of dominantly heritable cancers has provided insights about tumor development. Gorlin syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant disorder wherein affected individuals develop multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the skin. We developed a murine model of Ptch1 haploinsufficiency on an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) transgenic background (Ptch1+/−/ODCt/C57BL/6) that is more sensitive to BCCs growth as compared with Ptch1+/+/ODCt/C57BL/6 littermates. Ptch1+/−/ODCt/C57BL/6 mice show an altered metabolic landscape in the phenotypically normal skin, including restricted glucose availability, restricted ribose/deoxyribose flow and NADPH production, an accumulation of α-ketoglutarate, aconitate, and citrate that is associated with reversal of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, coupled with increased ketogenic/lipogenic activity via acetyl-CoA, 3-hydroybutyrate, and cholesterol metabolites. Also apparent was an increased content/acetylation of amino-acids, glutamine and glutamate, in particular. Accordingly, metabolic alterations due to a single copy loss of Ptch1 in Ptch1+/−/ODCt/C57BL/6 heterozygous mice may provide insights about the cancer prone phenotype of BCCs in GS patients, including biomarkers/targets for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bharat Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mahendra Kashyap
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shahid M Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arianna L Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David R Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Jeanrenaud B. Adipose tissue dynamics and regulation, revisited. ERGEBNISSE DER PHYSIOLOGIE, BIOLOGISCHEN CHEMIE UND EXPERIMENTELLEN PHARMAKOLOGIE 2007; 60:57-140. [PMID: 4298672 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Dominick MA, White MR, Sanderson TP, Van Vleet T, Cohen SM, Arnold LE, Cano M, Tannehill-Gregg S, Moehlenkamp JD, Waites CR, Schilling BE. Urothelial carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of male rats treated with muraglitazar, a PPAR alpha/gamma agonist: Evidence for urolithiasis as the inciting event in the mode of action. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 34:903-20. [PMID: 17178691 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601072327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Muraglitazar, a PPARalpha/gamma agonist, dose-dependently increased urinary bladder tumors in male Harlan Sprague-Dawley (HSD) rats administered 5, 30, or 50 mg/kg/day for up to 2 years. To determine the mode of tumor development, male HSD rats were treated daily for up to 21 months at doses of 0, 1, or 50 mg/kg while being fed either a normal or 1% NH4Cl-acidified diet. Muraglitazar-associated, time-dependent changes in urine composition, urothelial mitogenesis and apoptosis, and urothelial morphology were assessed. In control and treated rats fed a normal diet, urine pH was generally > or = 6.5, which facilitates formation of calcium-and magnesium-containing solids, particularly in the presence of other prolithogenic changes in rat urine. Urinary citrate, an inhibitor of lithogenesis, and soluble calcium concentrations were dose dependently decreased in association with increased calcium phosphate precipitate, crystals and/or microcalculi; magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals and aggregates; and calcium oxalate-containing thin, rod-like crystals. Morphologically, sustained urothelial cytotoxicity and proliferation with a ventral bladder predilection were noted in treated rats by month 1 and urinary carcinomas with a similar distribution occurred by month 9. Urothelial apoptotic rates were unaffected by muraglitazar treatment or diet. In muraglitazar-treated rats fed an acidified diet, urine pH was invariably < 6.5, which inhibited formation of calcium-and magnesium-containing solids. Moreover, dietary acidification prevented the urothelial cytotoxic, proliferative, and tumorigenic responses. Collectively, these data support an indirect pharmacologic mode of urinary bladder tumor development involving alterations in urine composition that predispose to urolithiasis and associated decreases in urine-soluble calcium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Dominick
- Department of Drug Safety Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Evansville, Indiana 47721, USA.
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Lenartowicz E, Savina MV. Intramitochondrial reductive carboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate in adipose tissue and its contribution to fatty acid synthesis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 16:1223-9. [PMID: 6530009 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(84)90220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The reductive carboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate was found to proceed in mitochondria of rat epididymal fat pads and rabbit perirenal adipose tissue at a rate similar to that in liver mitochondria. In rat fat pads the incorporation of 14C from [5-14C]2-oxoglutarate into fatty acids via the carboxylation was suppressed by butylmalonate by 30%. 2-Oxoglutarate and glutamate stimulated the incorporation into fatty acids of 14C from [2-14C]acetate in rat fat pads with the simultaneous reduction of tissue NADP. These effects persisted after inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase by malonate. It is concluded that in adipose tissue 2-oxoglutarate carboxylation proceeds in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Therefore, it can supply carbon atoms as well as NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.
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Palmer TN, Caldecourt MA, Watts DI, Sugden MC. Inhibition of lipogenesis by vasopressin and angiotensin II in glycogen-depleted hepatocytes. Biosci Rep 1983; 3:1063-70. [PMID: 6318849 DOI: 10.1007/bf01121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin and angiotensin II inhibited lipogenesis (measured with 3H2O) in hepatocytes from fed rats. Inhibition was also observed with hepatocytes from fed rats which had been depleted of glycogen in vitro and incubated with lactate + pyruvate (5 mM + 0.5 mM) as substrates. The inhibitory actions of the hormones are therefore independent of hormone-mediated changes in glycogenolytic or glycolytic flux from glycogen, and thus the site(s) of hormone action must be subsequent to the formation of lactate. (-)Hydroxycitrate, a specific inhibitor of ATP-citrate lyase, decreased lipogenesis in hepatocytes from fed rats incubated with lactate + pyruvate by approx. 51% but had little effect on lipogenesis in glycogen-depleted hepatocytes similarly incubated. There was parallel inhibition of incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]lactate into fatty acid and lipogenesis as measured with 3H2O in each case. Thus depletion of glycogen, or conceivably the process of glycogen-depletion (incubation with dibutyryl cyclic AMP) causes a change in the rate-determining step(s) for lipogenesis from lactate. Vasopressin and angiotensin II also decreased lipogenesis and incorporation of 14C into fatty acids in glycogen-depleted hepatocytes provided with [U-14C]proline as opposed to [U-14C]-lactate. However, proline-stimulated lipogenesis was inhibited by (-)hydroxycitrate, and proline-stimulated lipogenesis and incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]-proline were not decreased in parallel by this inhibitor (inhibition of 52% and 85% respectively). It is inferred that lactate and proline stimulate lipogenesis by different mechanisms and incorporation of 14C from [U-14C]proline and [U-14C]lactate into fatty acid occurs via different routes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Garratt CJ, Hubbard RE, Ponnudurai TB. Adipose tissue, obesity and insulin. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1980; 17:105-49. [PMID: 7031767 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Scholz RW, Evans RM. Pulmonary fatty acid synthesis. II. Amino acids as fatty acid precursors in rat lung. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1977; 232:E364-9. [PMID: 851180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1977.232.4.e364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of various 14C-labeled amino acids into CO2 and lipids by rat lung slices was examined. Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate, and glutamate were oxidized by lung tissue, whereas glycine and phenylalanine were not oxidized. Carbon originating from alanine, leucine, and glutamate was incorporated into pulmonary fatty acids by a mechanism indicative of de novo synthesis. Experiments with specifically labeled [14C]aspartate and [14C]glutamate revealed that the complete citrate-malate cycle described by Patel et al. (25) is of minor importance in pulmonary lipogenesis due to the extremely low activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Glucose and pyruvate were also actively incorporated into fatty acids, and it is suggested that citrate in pulmonary tissue, as in other tissues, plays an important role in the transport of acetyl units from the mitochondria to the cell cytosol during lipogenesis from various carbohydrate and amino acid substrates.
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D'Adamo AF, Smith JC, Frigyesi G. The oxoglutarate shunt and fatty acid biosynthesis in the neonatal rat brain. J Neurochem 1975; 24:597-600. [PMID: 1113133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1975.tb07683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Evans RM, Scholz RW. Citrate formation by rat lung mitochondrial preparations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 381:278-91. [PMID: 1111591 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(75)90234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rat lung mitochondrial preparations were incubated in the preasence of pyruvate and malate. The principal metabolic products measured were citrate and CO2. Citrate formation from pyruvate was found to be dependent on the presence of malate. Significant citrate was formed in the presence of isocitrate and the rate of citrate formation was increased by the addition of pyruvate. Small amounts of citrate were formed by lung mitochondrial preparations in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate and succinate only after the addition of pyruvate. The level of acetyl-CoA was significantly greater in the presence of pyruvate than in the presence of pyruvate plus malate. The addition of malate to lung mitoochondrial preparations increased 14CO2 production from [2-14C] pyruvate into malate and citrate. A low level of pyruvate-dependent H14CO3-incorporation into acid-stable products was observed, principally citrate and malate, but this rate did not exceed 5% of the rate of net citrate formation in the presence of malate and pyruvate. The capacity of rate lung mitochondria to form oxaloacetate from pyruvate alone in vitro is very limited, and would appear to cast doubt on a major role of pyruvate carboxylase in citrate formation. It is concluded that the rate of citrate formation from pyruvate is limited by the availability of intramitochondrial oxaloacetate and the rate of citrate efflux across the mitochondrial membrane.
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12
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Spydervold OS, Zaheer-Baquer N, McLean P, Greenbaum AL. The effect of quinolinic acid on the content and distribution of hepatic metabolites. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 164:590-601. [PMID: 4156635 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Spydevold OS, Greenbaum AL, McLean P. Effect of quinolinic acid on the distribution of hepatic metabolites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 54:1581-7. [PMID: 4754726 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(73)91167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Pathway of carbon flow during fatty acid synthesis from lactate and pyruvate in rat adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hanson RW, Patel MS, Jomain-Baum M, Ballard FJ. Role of mitochondria in metabolism of pyruvate and lactate by rat adipose tissue. Metabolism 1971; 20:27-42. [PMID: 4395280 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(71)90057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Kopelovich L, McGrath H. Pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis: effect of glucose and insulin on the conversion of glutamate carbon to fatty acid carbon via citrate by prelactating tissues and hyperplastic alveolar nodule outgrowths. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 218:18-28. [PMID: 5473491 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Tani H, Ogata K. Decrease of the hepatic ATP content and gluconeogenesis in ethionine-treated rats. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 215:264-72. [PMID: 5503386 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Kopelovich L. Pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis: conversion of glutamate carbon to fatty acid carbon via citrate by lactating mouse mammary gland and adenocarcinoma of mouse mammary gland. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 210:241-9. [PMID: 5529206 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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White LW, Williams HR, Landau BR. Metabolism of pyruvate by rat adipose tissue in vitro. Arch Biochem Biophys 1968; 126:552-7. [PMID: 5672514 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(68)90441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Benuck M, D'Adamo AF. Acetyl transport mechanisms. Metabolism of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid in the non-nervous tissues of the rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 152:611-8. [PMID: 5690485 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(68)90101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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D'Adamo AF, D'Adamo AP. Acetyl transport mechanisms in the nervous system. The oxoglutarate shunt and fatty acid synthesis in the developing rat brain. J Neurochem 1968; 15:315-23. [PMID: 5644208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1968.tb11616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Skosey JL. Effect of Adrenocorticotropin and Other Hormone Preparations upon the Metabolism of Acetate-1-14C and Other 14C-Labeled Substrates by Adipose Tissue in Vitro. J Biol Chem 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Leveille GA, Hanson RW. Quantitative aspects of glutamate utilization by rat adipose tissue and liver in vitro: effect of periodicity of eating. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1966; 44:275-85. [PMID: 5946563 DOI: 10.1139/y66-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The activity of two pathways supplying substrate for lipogenesis was enhanced in adipose tissue of meal-fed rats. One of these pathways, the forward pathway, involves the entry of α-ketoglutarate into the mitochondria, and metabolism via the Krebs cycle; the second pathway involves the backward flow of α-ketoglutarate to citrate in the cytoplasm, and cleavage of citrate to supply acetyl-CoA. Meal feeding increased fatty acid synthesis via the forward and backward pathways, but the relative amount of glutamate incorporated into lipid via the backward pathway decreased as a result of meal eating. The relative importance of the backward and forward pathways to the incorporation of α-ketoglutarate into fatty acid appeared to be similar for liver and adipose tissue. Lipogenesis from glutamate was significantly greater in adipose tissue incubated in bicarbonate than in phosphate buffer; however, the relative differences between tissues from meal-fed rats and from those fed ad libitum were similar in the two buffers. The possible importance of the backward pathway in the supply of precursors for fatty acid synthesis is discussed.
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25
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Leveille GA, Hanson RW. Adaptive changes in enzyme activity and metabolic pathways in adipose tissue from meal-fed rats. J Lipid Res 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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26
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Hanson RW, Ziporin ZZ. Factors influencing the utilization of ketone bodies by mouse adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 1966. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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