1
|
Kerstein JS, Klepper CM, Finnan EG, Mills KI. Nutrition for critically ill children with congenital heart disease. Nutr Clin Pract 2023; 38 Suppl 2:S158-S173. [PMID: 37721463 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease often require admission to the cardiac intensive care unit at some point in their lives, either after elective surgical or catheter-based procedures or during times of acute critical illness. Meeting both the macronutrient and micronutrient needs of children in the cardiac intensive care unit requires complex decision-making when considering gastrointestinal perfusion, vasoactive support, and fluid balance goals. Although nutrition guidelines exist for critically ill children, these cannot always be extrapolated to children with congenital heart disease. Children with congenital heart disease may also suffer unique circumstances, such as chylothoraces, heart failure, and the need for mechanical circulatory support, which greatly impact nutrition delivery. Guidelines for neonates and children with heart disease continue to be developed. We provide a synthesized narrative review of current literature and considerations for nutrition evaluation and management of critically ill children with congenital heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kerstein
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Corie M Klepper
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Emily G Finnan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| | - Kimberly I Mills
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusettes, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marzec L, Zettler E, Cua CL, Rivera BK, Pasquali S, Katheria A, Backes CH. Timing of umbilical cord clamping among infants with congenital heart disease. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2020; 59:101318. [PMID: 34113067 PMCID: PMC8186731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2020.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The optimal timing of clamping and cutting the umbilical cord at birth among infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a subject of controversy and debate. The benefits of delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC) among term infants without CHD are well described, but the evidence base for DCC among infants with CHD has not been characterized adequately. The goals of the present review are to: 1) compare outcomes of DCC versus early cord clamping (ECC) in term (≥37 weeks of gestation) infants; 2) discuss potential risk/benefit profiles in applying DCC among term infants with CHD; 3) use rigorous systematic review methodology to assess the quality and quantity of published reports on cord clamping practices among term infants with CHD; 4) identify needs and opportunities for future research and interdisciplinary collaboration. Our systematic review shows that previous trials have largely excluded infants with CHD. Therefore, the supposition that DCC is advantageous because it is associated with improved neurologic and hematologic outcome is untested in the CHD population. Given that CHD is markedly heterogeneous, to minimize unnecessary and potentially harmful cord clamping practices, identification of subgroups (single-ventricle, cyanotic lesions) most likely to benefit from optimal cord clamping practices is necessary to optimize risk/benefit profiles. The available evidence base suggests that contemporary, pragmatic, randomized controlled trials comparing DCC with ECC among infants with CHD are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marzec
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Eli Zettler
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Clifford L Cua
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Brian K Rivera
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anup Katheria
- Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women and Newborns, San Diego, CA
| | - Carl H Backes
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mukherjee S, Sharma M, Devgan A, Jatana S. Iron deficiency anemia in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease and effect on cyanotic spells. Med J Armed Forces India 2018; 74:235-240. [PMID: 30093766 PMCID: PMC6081276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) and its association with cyanotic spells has been documented in literature. However, Indian data especially in the pediatric age group is scarce. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of IDA in this population. METHODS An observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Children with CCHD in the age group of birth-12 years were included in the study. Hematological parameters of these patients were determined and compared. An assessment of the incidence of cyanotic spells in the iron-deficient and iron non-deficient children was also done. Data analysis was done using Fischer's exact test. RESULTS The prevalence of IDA was 47.06% in the study population. The study also showed that hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were paradoxically higher in the iron-deficient group as compared to the non-deficient, though the iron studies revealed the iron deficiency. The incidence of cyanotic spells was higher in the iron-deficient group. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TS) values were the parameters, which were found to be statistically significant to differentiate the study groups. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IDA in children with CCHD was found to be high. Iron-deficient group had an increased frequency of cyanotic spells as compared to the non-deficient group, which was statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Mukherjee
- Graded Specialist (Paediatrics), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | | | - Amit Devgan
- Associate Professor (Paediatrics), Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 40, India
| | - S.K. Jatana
- Professor (Pediatrics), Melaka Manipal Medical College, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hematologic Manifestations of Childhood Illness. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
5
|
Ramel SE, Brown LD, Georgieff MK. The Impact of Neonatal Illness on Nutritional Requirements-One Size Does Not Fit All. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2014; 2:248-254. [PMID: 25722954 PMCID: PMC4337785 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-014-0059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sick neonates are at high risk for growth failure and poorer neurodevelopment than their healthy counterparts. The etiology of postnatal growth failure in sick infants is likely multi-factorial and includes undernutrition due to the difficulty of feeding them during their illness and instability. Illness also itself induces fundamental changes in cellular metabolism that appear to significantly alter nutritional demand and nutrient handling. Inflammation and physiologic stress play a large role in inducing the catabolic state characteristic of the critically ill newborn infant. Inflammatory and stress responses are critical short-term adaptations to promote survival, but are not conducive to promoting long-term growth and development. Conditions such as sepsis, surgery, necrotizing enterocolitis, chronic lung disease and intrauterine growth restriction and their treatments are characterized by altered energy, protein and micronutrient metabolism that result in nutritional requirements that are different from those of the healthy, growing term or preterm infant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Ramel
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota
Children’s Hospital, 2450 Riverside Avenue; MB630 East Building,
Minneapolis, MN 55454, Ph: 612-626-0644; Fax: 612-624-8176
| | - Laura D. Brown
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of
Medicine, Aurora, CO, Ph: 303-724-0106 Fax: 303-724-0898
| | - Michael K. Georgieff
- Professor of Pediatrics and Child Psychology, University of
Minnesota Children’s Hospital, 2450 Riverside Avenue; MB630 East
Building, Minneapolis, MN 55454, Ph: 612-626-0644; Fax: 612-624-8176
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of iron deficiency in children with CCHD by noninvasive, inexpensive and easy laboratory methods. METHODS Forty four children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), aged 6 to 48 months were included in this study. The patients were categorized as iron deficient (n:28) and iron sufficient group (n:16). Children with CCHD who had iron deficiency were treated with iron for 3 months. RESULT Iron sufficient patients were followed during 3 months without giving iron preparation. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), serum iron (SI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin levels were measured in all patients at the beginning and at the end of the study. CONCLUSION In children with CCHD, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were not considered significant parameters in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Determination of MCV, MCH, RDW values is relatively easy and inexpensive method requiring small amount of blood for the diagnosis of iron deficiency during the follow-up of patients with CCHD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Olcay L, Ozer S, Gürgey A, Saraçlar M, Ozme S, Bilgiç A, Ozkutlu S, Celiker A. Parameters of iron deficiency in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol 1996; 17:150-4. [PMID: 8662027 DOI: 10.1007/bf02505204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A group of 67 children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) were studied, and 35 were given iron treatment according to a regimen that gives iron to patients with a hematocrit (Hct) below 60%. The patients were categorized as iron-deficient and iron-sufficient according to their transferrin saturation and ferritin values. The pretreatment hemoglobin (Hb) and Hct values of the groups were similar. The mean Hct was nearly three times as much as the mean Hb in the iron-sufficient group and more than three times as much as the Hb in the iron-deficient group. Excessive erythrocytosis in the iron-deficient group was impressive. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were below 72.7 fl in all of the iron-deficient patients. After treatment the Hb, Hct, transferrin saturation, and ferritin increased significantly in both groups, with the increments greater in the iron-deficient group. Increments in the erythrocyte (RBC) count were significant in the iron-sufficient group but insignificant in the iron-deficient one. Increments of MCV in the iron-deficient group were significant but insignificant in the iron-sufficient group. Our study demonstrated that prediction of Hb, RBC count, and MCV, measurements of which are easy and inexpensive and require little blood, can suffice for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in patients with CCHD without altering systemic perfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Olcay
- Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|