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Goldenson BH, Zhu H, Wang YM, Heragu N, Bernareggi D, Ruiz-Cisneros A, Bahena A, Ask EH, Hoel HJ, Malmberg KJ, Kaufman DS. Umbilical Cord Blood and iPSC-Derived Natural Killer Cells Demonstrate Key Differences in Cytotoxic Activity and KIR Profiles. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561553. [PMID: 33178188 PMCID: PMC7593774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells derived or isolated from different sources have been gaining in importance for cancer therapies. In this study, we evaluate and compare key characteristics between NK cells derived or isolated from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, peripheral blood, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Specifically, we find CD56+ NK cells isolated and expanded directly from umbilical cord blood (UCB56) and NK cells derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitors in umbilical cord blood (UCB34) differ in their expression of markers associated with differentiation including CD16, CD2, and killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs). UCB56-NK cells also displayed a more potent cytotoxicity compared to UCB34-NK cells. NK cells derived from iPSCs (iPSC-NK cells) were found to have variable KIR expression, with certain iPSC-NK cell populations expressing high levels of KIRs and others not expressing KIRs. Notably, KIR expression on UCB56 and iPSC-NK cells had limited effect on cytotoxic activity when stimulated by tumor target cells that express high levels of cognate HLA class I, suggesting that in vitro differentiation and expansion may override the KIR-HLA class I mediated inhibition when used across HLA barriers. Together our results give a better understanding of the cell surface receptor, transcriptional, and functional differences between NK cells present in umbilical cord blood and hematopoietic progenitor-derived NK cells which may prove important in selecting the most active NK cell populations for treatment of cancer or other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Goldenson
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Huang Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - YunZu Michele Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Naveen Heragu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Davide Bernareggi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alessa Ruiz-Cisneros
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andres Bahena
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Eivind Heggernes Ask
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Julie Hoel
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The KG Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan S Kaufman
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Verneris MR, Miller JS. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood natural killer cells. Br J Haematol 2010; 147:185-91. [PMID: 19796267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation can be curative for patients with high-risk acute leukaemia. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an increasingly used source of allogeneic stem cells for patients who are in need of a transplant, but do not have a sibling donor. This review highlights the similarities and differences between the natural killer (NK) cells obtained from adult peripheral blood (PB) and UCB. These two cell sources show similar percentages of NK cells, including the major CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) subpopulations. UCB also contains an additional CD56-CD16+ subset, not typically found in PB. In addition, there are a number of progenitor cell populations in UCB that can give rise to NK cells. Some studies showed that UCB NK cells express a relatively higher percentage of inhibitory receptors (CD94/NKG2A and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) and less adhesion molecules. Resting UCB NK cells also show significantly less cytotoxicity compared to PB NK cells. However, following cytokine stimulation, the cytotoxicity of UCB NK cells can be rapidly increased to levels that are comparable to PB NK cells. Activation and expansion protocols for UCB NK cells are briefly reviewed. Lastly, we outline the early use of UCB NK cells in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Verneris
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Dalle JH, Menezes J, Wagner E, Blagdon M, Champagne J, Champagne MA, Duval M. Characterization of cord blood natural killer cells: implications for transplantation and neonatal infections. Pediatr Res 2005; 57:649-55. [PMID: 15718362 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000156501.55431.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in the control of neonatal infections is not yet clear. Donor-versus-recipient NK cell alloreactivity was found to improve outcome in some settings of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We hypothesized that the role of NK cells in cord blood (CB) transplantation and neonatal infections may depend on CB NK cell maturation stage. We therefore analyzed the expression of NK cell differentiation/phenotypic markers in human CB, as well as functional properties of purified CB NK cells. CD8 and CD57 expression was lower in CB than in adult NK cells. However, the expression of other differentiation markers was similar, as was cell surface density of CD56, the percentage of late NK cell precursors, interferon-gamma production, and the proliferative response of purified NK cells to IL-2. Spontaneous cytotoxic activity of purified CB NK cells against NK-sensitive targets was low but reached adult levels after treatment with IL-15. Expression of perforin and granzyme B was higher in CB NK cells (90 versus 58% and 86 versus 69%, respectively). intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and CD161 expression was lower in CB. Surprising, fewer CB NK cells expressed L-selectin, a marker of immature NK cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CB NK cells are phenotypically and functionally mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Hugues Dalle
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
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Alcaraz AJ, Manzano L, Sancho L, Vigil MD, Esquivel F, Maroto E, Reyes E, Alvarez-Mon M. Different Proinflammatory Cytokine Serum Pattern in Neonate Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery. Relevance of IL-8. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25:238-45. [PMID: 15981089 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-005-4081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the clinical significance of serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. We divided the patients in two groups: 8 neonates, and 19 non-newborn children. IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF serum levels were quantified before sternotomy, at admission to the PICU (30 min postoperatively), 24 h after the onset of surgery and 3 days after the operation. Surgical cardiac stress elicits significant increments of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF serum concentrations in both neonates and non-neonates, regardless of their preoperative clinical condition. However, in newborns the magnitude of the proinflammatory cytokine increments was, in particular with IL-8, remarkably greater than in older children. Moreover, neonate and non-neonate patients showed clearly disparate patterns of serum concentrations over time of both IL-8 and TNF. There was a marked relationship between IL-8 levels and postoperative morbidity, evaluated by pulmonary dysfunction, days on inotropic support and days of PICU stay in both neonates and non-neonates patients. In contrast, we found no relationship between serum levels of IL-6 and TNF and postoperative clinical data. Newborn and non-newborn patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass exhibit dissimilar patterns of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-8 might be implicated in the multiorganic dysfunction related to cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Alcaraz
- Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Pediátrica, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Tanaka H, Kai S, Yamaguchi M, Misawa M, Fujimori Y, Yamamoto M, Hara H. Analysis of natural killer (NK) cell activity and adhesion molecules on NK cells from umbilical cord blood. Eur J Haematol 2003; 71:29-38. [PMID: 12801296 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2003.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The activity of natural killer (NK) cells in human umbilical cord blood (CB) has been reported to be low, compared with that in adult peripheral blood (PB) in vitro. To examine the cause of this, after dividing the CD56+/CD3- cells in CB and PB into CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, the NK cell activities and the expression of various surface antigens were assayed for each fraction. The NK cell activity of CD56dim NK cells in CB was significantly lower than that in PB (P = 0.0003), whereas, there was no significant difference between the NK cell activity of CD56bright NK cells in PB and CB. The expression levels of adhesion molecules (CD2, CD11a, CD18, DNAX accessory molecule-1), CD16, and CD57 for CD56dim NK cells in CB were significantly lower than those in PB, and approximately one-third of CB CD56dim NK cells were capable of forming conjugates with K562 cells, compared with PB CD56dim NK cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of both the NK cell activities and binding of CD56dim NK cells in PB and CB by monoclonal antibody against each of these adhesion molecules suggests that they play an important role in NK cell activity. These findings show that the low NK cell activity in CB is caused by the low NK cell activity of CD56dim NK cells and that the low expression level of adhesion molecules on CB CD56dim NK cells may contribute to this low NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Tanaka
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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Alcaraz AJ, Sancho L, Manzano L, Esquivel F, Carrillo A, Prieto A, Bernstein ED, Alvarez-Mon M. Newborn patients exhibit an unusual pattern of interleukin 10 and interferon gamma serum levels in response to cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 123:451-8. [PMID: 11882815 DOI: 10.1067/mtc.2002.120006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of serum levels of interleukin 10 and interferon gamma in pediatric patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS We divided the patients into 2 groups: 8 neonates and 19 non-newborn children. Interleukin 10 and interferon gamma serum levels were quantified before sternotomy, at admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (30 minutes postoperatively), 24 hours after the onset of the operation, and 3 days after the operation. RESULTS Newborn patients displayed significantly greater amounts of serum interleukin 10 than older children, not only in regard to the peak level achieved but also at every postoperative time point analyzed. In contrast, no significant changes in interferon gamma serum levels were observed in neonates at any time point, whereas non-newborn pediatric patients showed a significant increase in interferon gamma serum concentrations immediately after the operation. This unusual pattern of cytokine response in newborn patients was not associated with modifications in cortisol serum levels. Furthermore, although neonates had significantly different surgical and clinical variables than did the non-newborn pediatric patients, the variation in interleukin 10 production in neonates could not be accounted for by differences in the magnitude of surgical injury. In the group of neonates, there were significant positive correlations between peak interleukin 10 serum levels and both partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio and postoperative body weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Newborn patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass exhibit a distinctive biologic response pattern characterized by high levels of serum interleukin 10 without changes in serum interferon gamma. This cytokine imbalance could have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Alcaraz
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Di Paolo S, Schena A, Morrone LF, Manfredi G, Stallone G, Derosa C, Procino A, Schena FP. Immunologic evaluation during the first year of life of infants born to cyclosporine-treated female kidney transplant recipients: analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations and immunoglobulin serum levels. Transplantation 2000; 69:2049-54. [PMID: 10852595 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200005270-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In rodents, CsA has been shown to affect T-cell development, giving rise to an abnormal production of mature T cells and the absence of many T-cell subsets as well as to autoimmunity. Surprisingly, only a few studies investigated the effect of the immunosuppressive drug on the immune system of the human fetus. METHODS We examined six infants born to female kidney transplant recipients who had received cyclosporine and methylprednisolone throughout their pregnancies. Peripheral blood was obtained 1 day and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months after birth, and two-color flow cytometric immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was performed. RESULTS Total T cells, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, were low at birth, but normalized thereafter. Among T-cell activation markers, the expression of CD25, the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor, was below the normal range or low range throughout the study period, and HLA-DR expression was extremely low at birth and failed to increase up to 12 months. The number of total B cells was lower than normal at birth, but steeply increased over time. In contrast, B-cell subset bearing CD5 antigen was severely depleted throughout the first year of life. Total IgG concentration was significantly lower than in controls at 2 months, mainly because of subnormal levels of IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses, which remained in the low range up to 6 months. Finally, infants showed normal numbers of true natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD16+CD56+), whereas the expression of CD57 antigen, defining non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic lymphocytes, was barely detectable at birth and failed to increase over time, in both CD8+ and CD8- subsets. Of note, none of the infants had clinical evidence of an immunodeficient state. CONCLUSIONS continuous exposure to CsA in utero seemingly impairs T-, B-, and NK-cell development and/or maturation, and most of its effects are still apparent at 1 year, which might suggest that conventional vaccinations should be delayed in these infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Di Paolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, University of Bari Policlinico, Italy
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Kohl S, Sigouroudinia M, Engleman EG. Adhesion defects of antibody-mediated target cell binding of neonatal natural killer cells. Pediatr Res 1999; 46:755-9. [PMID: 10590035 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199912000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neonates are unusually susceptible to herpes simplex virus infection, which may be explained in part by defects in killing of herpes simplex virus-infected cells by natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The mechanism for these defects remains poorly defined. We have for the first time used immunomagnetically enriched NK cells to explore neonatal NK cell phenotype and target cell adhesion. CD56-positive neonatal NK cells had markedly lower CD57 expression, but adult level expression of adhesive glycoproteins (CD18, CD44) and Fc receptor for IgG (CD16). Although the cells conjugated normally with target cells in the absence of antibody, antibody-mediated conjugation was significantly lower than that of NK cells from adults (p < 0.002). These results demonstrate intact adhesion in neonatal NK cell cytotoxicity. In contrast, defective neonatal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is caused, in part, by an adhesion defect in the presence of antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kohl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Medical School, San Francisco General Hospital, USA
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kohl
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, USA
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12
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Viëtor HE, Bolk J, Vreugdenhil GR, Kanhai HH, van den Elsen PJ, Brand A. Alterations in cord blood leukocyte subsets of patients with severe hemolytic disease after intrauterine transfusion therapy. J Pediatr 1997; 130:718-24. [PMID: 9152279 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)80012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare, at delivery, the cord blood mononuclear cells of infants with severe hemolytic disease who received intrauterine transfusion (IUT) therapy with the cord blood mononuclear cells of healthy nonimmunized control neonates. STUDY DESIGN The expression of leukocyte markers on CBMNC of 14 IUT-treated and 18 control neonates was analyzed by means of a panel of well-defined monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. RESULTS Patients with severe hemolytic disease requiring IUT treatment displayed significant altered expression of some leukocyte markers when compared with control subjects. The circulating CD34+ progenitor cells were significantly increased in comparison with cord blood of nonimmunized neonates. IUT-treated patients also showed a statistically significant decrease in natural killer (NK) cell associated markers (CD16, CD57, and CD69), which correlated with a lower expression of CD56. In these patients an increased expression of CD3/CD45RO and CD3/CD5 was also noted. Although these latter alterations were statistically significant in a single-parameter analysis, the significance disappeared after multi-parameter analysis because of a loss of statistical power. CONCLUSIONS Compared with nonimmunized healthy newborn infants, patients who underwent IUT also exhibited a down-regulation of NK cells and NK cell associated markers, as well as increased numbers of CD34+ progenitor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine
- Case-Control Studies
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/blood
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/immunology
- Erythroblastosis, Fetal/therapy
- Fetal Blood/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gestational Age
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn/blood
- Infant, Newborn/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
- Lymphocyte Subsets
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Viëtor
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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Merrill JD, Sigaroudinia M, Kohl S. Characterization of natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of preterm infants against human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells. Pediatr Res 1996; 40:498-503. [PMID: 8865290 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199609000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The odds risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to preterm infants is almost four times that of term infants and may relate to maternal and neonatal factors. We characterized the competence of early nonspecific cellular immunity, namely natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from preterm (n = 20) and term neonates (n = 28) versus adult controls against a T cell line infected with the human T cell lymphotrophic virus-III(B) using a chromium-51 release assay. PBMC from term neonates exhibited levels of NKC activity equal to adults against HIV-infected targets, yet the NKC capacity of preterm neonatal PBMC was significantly diminished. The ADCC activity of both term and preterm neonatal PBMC against HIV-infected targets was significantly less than that of adult PBMC. Overnight stimulation of a subset of samples with IL-12 augmented the NKC activity of both infant groups and adults, whereas the ADCC activity remained unchanged. These findings demonstrate that term neonates are deficient in ADCC against HIV-infected targets, whereas preterm infants are deficient in both NKC and ADCC, which may relate, in part, to the increased risk of transmission of HIV with preterm delivery. In addition, IL-12 has the potential to augment both term and preterm neonatal antiviral defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Merrill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural cytotoxicity, mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and cell with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity, is believed to play an important role in host anti-cancer mechanisms. METHODS The authors critically review recent publications on the role of natural cytotoxicity in patients with cancer. RESULTS In patients with cancer, several studies have noted variations in the numbers and activity of NK and cells with LAK activity in different body compartments. NK cell activity in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) is higher than that found in lymph nodes and within tumors, and this appears to be due to the presence of suppressor factors. The natural cytotoxicity of PBLs in patients with different types of cancers varies. However, there appears to be a trend for natural cytotoxicity to be reduced in certain cancer patients, possibly related to tumor volume or dissemination. Anti-cancer treatments (e.g., surgery, hormonal modulation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy) can also result in suppression of natural cytotoxicity, although the long-term effect on response to treatment and development of metastases is at present unknown. CONCLUSIONS NK and LAK cells, through the use of immune biologic modifiers, have been demonstrated to have a therapeutic role in the treatment of human cancers. Further studies are required to determine the optimal dosages and combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, the timing of surgery, and the adjuvant use of immune biologic response modifiers. An increasing awareness and understanding of this field, may allow for the future development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brittenden
- Department of Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Medical School, Foresthill, UK
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Lau AS, Sigaroudinia M, Yeung MC, Kohl S. Interleukin-12 induces interferon-gamma expression and natural killer cytotoxicity in cord blood mononuclear cells. Pediatr Res 1996; 39:150-5. [PMID: 8825401 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199601000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe viral infection in newborns has been attributed to immaturity of the immune system including a defect in natural killer cytotoxicity (NKC) and decreased production of cytokines that are important for natural killer (NK) function. We investigated the induction of interferon (IFN)-gamma and activation of NK activity in adult and cord blood mononuclear cells (BMC) after IL-12 treatment. The levels of mRNA in these BMC were measured by Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions using primers specific for IFN-gamma. The levels of IFN-gamma protein were measured by ELISA. In the absence of IL-12, only adult BMC spontaneously produced low levels of IFN-gamma. After IL-12 treatment, induction of IFN-gamma expression was detected as early as 4 h in both cord and adult BMC. Both cord and adult cells showed similar levels of IFN-gamma mRNA and protein expression in response to IL-12 at a concentration as low as 10 U/mL. In contrast, upon phorbol ester and ionomycin treatment, adult BMC produced more IFN-gamma mRNA than cord BMC. In a 51Cr release assay with human immunodeficiency-infected H9 cells as indicators, both cord and adult cells responded to IL-12 induction of NKC. Our findings demonstrate that cord BMC are capable of responding to IL-12 stimulation, competent in synthesizing IFN-gamma, and able to mount NKC. Thus, it appears that the deficiency in IFN-gamma production or NKC in cord cells is not due to an inherent defect in IL-12 response of the cord cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
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Sirota L, Straussberg R, Notti I, Bessler H. Effect of human colostrum on interleukin-2 production and natural killer cell activity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1995; 73:F99-102. [PMID: 7583615 PMCID: PMC2528498 DOI: 10.1136/fn.73.2.f99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of human colostrum on the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and on natural killer (NK) cell activity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was investigated in 50 healthy women. At concentrations as low as 0.5%, human colostrum stimulated IL-2 production; at a higher concentration (10%), IL-2 secretion was inhibited. A time and dose dependent inhibitory effect of colostrum on NK cytotoxicity was also observed. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of human recombinant IL-2 (hrIL-2). The stimulation of IL-2 production induced by human colostrum might compensate for its inhibitory effect on NK cell activity. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which breast feeding may affect the neonatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sirota
- Neonatology Unit, Golda Medical Center, Hasharon Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Moltó L, Carballido J, Manzano L, Olivier C, Lapeña P, Alvarez-Mon M. Interferon beta enhances the natural killer activity of patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1994; 38:406-10. [PMID: 8205562 PMCID: PMC11038773 DOI: 10.1007/bf01517211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/1993] [Accepted: 02/08/1994] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of interferon beta (INF beta) on the natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with superficial and infiltrative transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC) against both NK-sensitive and NK-resistant target cells. The normal NK activity found in PBMC from these patients can be significantly enhanced by short-term incubation (18 h) with INF beta (P < 0.05). The depressed NK cytotoxic activity found in PBMC from patients with infiltrative TCC can also be significantly enhanced, but not normalized, by short-term incubation with INF beta (P < 0.05). In kinetic studies we found that the maximal levels of the INF beta-promoted cytotoxic activity against NK-sensitive and against NK-resistant target cells in PBMC from TCC patients were reached after 18 h of culture. Short-term-INF beta-incubated PBMC from patients with TCC of the bladder also showed marked cytotoxic activity against NK-resistant target cells. The effector cells of the INF beta-induced cytotoxic activity in PBMC from patients with TCC were CD16+ CD3- NK cells. This cytotoxic inducer effect of INF beta synergized with that of interleukin-2. In conclusion, INF beta can enhance the NK activity of PMBC from patients with TCC of the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moltó
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Zdravkovic M, Aboagye-Mathiesen G, Zachar V, Mosborg-Petersen P, Tóth FD, Liu X, Ebbesen P. In vitro cytotoxic activity of cord blood NK cells against herpes simplex virus type-1 infected purified human term villous cytotrophoblast. Viral Immunol 1994; 7:133-40. [PMID: 7598786 DOI: 10.1089/vim.1994.7.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplacental infection of the fetus with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is associated with high morbidity. The present study was undertaken to shed light on the possible participation of the fetal immune system in the elimination of HSV from placental unit. In a chromium release assay cultured term villous trophoblast cells, regardless of infection with HSV-1, were found resistant to lysis by cord blood natural killer (CBNK) cells. In contrast to this, CBNK cells exhibited a basal level of cytotoxic activity against placental fibroblasts, which was significantly increased by preceding infection of the target cells with HSV-1. Stimulation of CBNK cells with interferon-beta purified from trophoblast (tro-IFN-beta) increased the killing of both HSV-1 infected and uninfected fibroblast, while HSV-1-infected and uninfected term villous trophoblast cells remained resistant to lysis. IL-2-stimulated CBNK cells were able to lyse villous trophoblast cells at a low level, but no significant difference in the susceptibility of the HSV-1-infected and uninfected trophoblast cell was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zdravkovic
- Danish Cancer Society, Department of Virus and Cancer, Aarhus C
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Bradstock KF, Luxford C, Grimsley PG. Functional and phenotypic assessment of neonatal human leucocytes expressing natural killer cell-associated antigens. Immunol Cell Biol 1993; 71 ( Pt 6):535-42. [PMID: 7508887 DOI: 10.1038/icb.1993.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A subpopulation of mononuclear leucocytes was prepared from umbilical cord venous blood by immunomagnetic depletion of lymphocytes and monocytes using monoclonal antibodies to CD2, CD3, CD14 and CD19 antigens, and examined for NK cell-associated phenotypic and functional properties. The depleted population was enriched for the NK markers CD16 (mean 53.6% positive) and CD56 (mean 42.7% positive). While there was considerable overlap of these two markers, approximately one-third of CD16+ cells were CD56-; in contrast, few CD56+ CD16- cells were found. CD16+/CD56+ cells also co-expressed CD7 and CD45RA antigens, while a minority weakly expressed CD8. Another marker of adult NK cells, CD57, was virtually absent from CD16+/CD56+ cells, as was MHC Class 2. Freshly depleted cord cells had virtually absent natural cytotoxicity to K562 targets in a chromium release assay, but NK activity could be induced after 18 h exposure to recombinant human IL-2, without significant change in phenotype. These findings confirm the phenotypic differences and functional defects of NK cells in cord blood as compared to adult blood, and identify a subset of cells with unique phenotype (CD2- CD3- CD7+ CD16+ CD56- CD57-). The precise relationship of this subset of cells to NK lineage remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Bradstock
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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