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Samlowski W, Silver MA, Hohlbauch A, Zhang S, Fukunaga-Kalabis M, Krepler C, Wang Y, Sruti I, Jiang R. Relationships between survival and real-world recurrence-free survival or distant metastasis-free survival among patients with completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma. Melanoma Res 2024:00008390-990000000-00136. [PMID: 38814728 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Long follow-up time is needed for overall survival (OS) data to mature for early-stage melanoma. This retrospective study aimed to describe the relationships between OS and two intermediate endpoints - real-world recurrence-free survival (rwRFS) and real-world distant metastasis-free survival (rwDMFS) - for patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma that was completely resected from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017, with follow-up to 31 December 2020. We used three different approaches to describe the relationships: estimates of correlation using Kendall τ rank correlation; comparisons of all-cause survival with/without recurrence or distant metastasis using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models; and landmark analyses of all-cause survival stratified by recurrence status at 1-5 years. During a 39-month median follow-up from surgical resection, 223/567 patients (39%) experienced recurrence, among whom 171/567 patients (30%) developed distant metastasis. Median OS from surgical resection was 117.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 104.7-not reached], median rwRFS was 49.8 months (95% CI, 39.6-61.0), and median rwDMFS was 70.9 months (95% CI, 58.4-89.1). We observed strong correlations between rwRFS and OS, and between rwDMFS and OS (Kendall τ of 0.73 and 0.82, respectively). Risk of death was significantly greater after recurrence (all-cause survival adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 7.48; 95% CI, 4.55-12.29) or distant metastasis (adjusted HR, 11.00; 95% CI, 6.92-17.49). Risk of death remained significantly elevated with recurrence or distant metastasis by landmark years 1, 3, and 5 after surgical resection. These findings support the use of recurrence/rwRFS and distant metastasis/rwDMFS as surrogate endpoints for OS after complete resection of stage IIB or IIC melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Samlowski
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
- University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | | | | | - Shujing Zhang
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mizuho Fukunaga-Kalabis
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Real World Research, Ontada, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ila Sruti
- Real World Research, Ontada, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruixuan Jiang
- Center for Observational & Real World Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Narasimha S, Obuseh M, Anton NE, Chen H, Chakrabarty R, Stefanidis D, Yu D. Eye tracking and audio sensors to evaluate surgeon's non-technical skills: An empirical study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 119:104320. [PMID: 38797012 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-Technical Skills (NTS) of medical teams are currently measured using subjective and resource-intensive ratings given by experts. This study explores if objective NTS assessment approaches with eye-tracking and audio sensors can measure teamwork and communication skills in surgery. Eight surgeons participated in a simulated two-phase surgical scenario developed to assess their NTS. Sensor-based audio, eye tracking and video data were collected and analyzed along with rating from the NOTSS scale. Different levels of communication were detected by the sensor data during the two phases of the simulated surgery. Sensor data detected leadership qualities among surgeons based on speech metrics, and eye tracking offered additional evidence about gaze patterns related to NTS. This objective approach to NTS measurement captured differences in communication in greater detail as opposed to a single collective rating obtained using current assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Obuseh
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | - Nicholas Eric Anton
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA; School of Medicine, Indiana University, USA
| | - Haozhi Chen
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA
| | | | | | - Denny Yu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, USA
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Zhang R, Qin X, Liu Y. Exploration of the intestinal flora to reveal the important contribution of Radix Astragali to Huangqi Jianzhong Tang in treating chronic atrophic gastritis rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116067. [PMID: 38417324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (Huangqi in Chinese, HQ) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine for thousands of years. In this study, A classic prescription Huangqi Jianzhong tang (HQJZ) was selected to evaluate the important effect of HQ on rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) from the perspective of intestinal flora in cecal contents samples. Traditional pharmacological indicators, including weight change, pathological examination and biochemical indicators showed that HQ exerted favorable contribution to HQJZ against CAG, where the efficiencies of HQ and HQJZ were better than HY (HQJZ prepared without HQ). An accurate strategy was adopted to screen out the differential metabolites in the metabolomis analysis of intestinal flora in cecal contents samples based on the optimal screening factors, including VIP (importance of variables in projection), FC (fold change), AUROC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and -ln(p-value), which were evaluated based on their interpreting, grouping, and predicting abilities of the performed orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) models. Ten altered differential metabolites were obtained and associated with the intestinal flora, which HQ exerted the important metabolic contributions to HQJZ. The efficacy on the diversity of intestinal flora and their correlations with the altered metabolites further showed the important role of HQ in HQJZ composition. This work provided valuable approach for looking for potential biomarkers associated with metabolomics research with more accuracy, and provided new insights into the mechanisms to explain the efficacy of HQ contributing to HQJZ formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi Province, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
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Wen RM, Qiu Z, Marti GEW, Peterson EE, Marques FJG, Bermudez A, Wei Y, Nolley R, Lam N, Polasko AL, Chiu CL, Zhang D, Cho S, Karageorgos GM, McDonough E, Chadwick C, Ginty F, Jung KJ, Machiraju R, Mallick P, Crowley L, Pollack JR, Zhao H, Pitteri SJ, Brooks JD. AZGP1 deficiency promotes angiogenesis in prostate cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:383. [PMID: 38659028 PMCID: PMC11044612 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of AZGP1 expression is a biomarker associated with progression to castration resistance, development of metastasis, and poor disease-specific survival in prostate cancer. However, high expression of AZGP1 cells in prostate cancer has been reported to increase proliferation and invasion. The exact role of AZGP1 in prostate cancer progression remains elusive. METHOD AZGP1 knockout and overexpressing prostate cancer cells were generated using a lentiviral system. The effects of AZGP1 under- or over-expression in prostate cancer cells were evaluated by in vitro cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Heterozygous AZGP1± mice were obtained from European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA), and prostate tissues from homozygous knockout male mice were collected at 2, 6 and 10 months for histological analysis. In vivo xenografts generated from AZGP1 under- or over-expressing prostate cancer cells were used to determine the role of AZGP1 in prostate cancer tumor growth, and subsequent proteomics analysis was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of AZGP1 action in prostate cancer progression. AZGP1 expression and microvessel density were measured in human prostate cancer samples on a tissue microarray of 215 independent patient samples. RESULT Neither the knockout nor overexpression of AZGP1 exhibited significant effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation, clonal growth, migration, or invasion in vitro. The prostates of AZGP1-/- mice initially appeared to have grossly normal morphology; however, we observed fibrosis in the periglandular stroma and higher blood vessel density in the mouse prostate by 6 months. In PC3 and DU145 mouse xenografts, over-expression of AZGP1 did not affect tumor growth. Instead, these tumors displayed decreased microvessel density compared to xenografts derived from PC3 and DU145 control cells, suggesting that AZGP1 functions to inhibit angiogenesis in prostate cancer. Proteomics profiling further indicated that, compared to control xenografts, AZGP1 overexpressing PC3 xenografts are enriched with angiogenesis pathway proteins, including YWHAZ, EPHA2, SERPINE1, and PDCD6, MMP9, GPX1, HSPB1, COL18A1, RNH1, and ANXA1. In vitro functional studies show that AZGP1 inhibits human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tubular formation and branching. Additionally, tumor microarray analysis shows that AZGP1 expression is negatively correlated with blood vessel density in human prostate cancer tissues. CONCLUSION AZGP1 is a negative regulator of angiogenesis, such that loss of AZGP1 promotes angiogenesis in prostate cancer. AZGP1 likely exerts heterotypical effects on cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as stromal and endothelial cells. This study sheds light on the anti-angiogenic characteristics of AZGP1 in the prostate and provides a rationale to target AZGP1 to inhibit prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru M Wen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Zhengyuan Qiu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - G Edward W Marti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Eric E Peterson
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fernando Jose Garcia Marques
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Abel Bermudez
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rosalie Nolley
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nathan Lam
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alex LaPat Polasko
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chun-Lung Chiu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanghee Cho
- GE HealthCare Technology and Innovation Center, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | | | - Chrystal Chadwick
- GE HealthCare Technology and Innovation Center, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE HealthCare Technology and Innovation Center, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Kyeong Joo Jung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Raghu Machiraju
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Laura Crowley
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan R Pollack
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hongjuan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Leung H, Lim M, Lim WO, Lee SA, Lee J. Psychological well-being of healthcare workers during COVID-19 in a mental health institution. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300329. [PMID: 38498513 PMCID: PMC10947715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the psychological wellbeing of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) during COVID-19 in a mental health setting, associations of psychosocial wellbeing with coping style, and ways that organisations can mitigate the psychosocial burden on HCWs. METHODS Thirty-seven Mental HCWs (MHCWs) from infected and non-infected wards (control group), were recruited and assessed at three timepoints. Psychological wellbeing, perceived cohesion, and coping style (Brief-COPE) were assessed. Reports on individual coping and feedback on the organisation were collected through in-depth interview. Comparison between infected and non-infected wards, as well as comparison of psychosocial measures and perceived cohesion, across the three timepoints were made. As there were no significant changes in coping styles across the timepoints, Timepoint 1 (T1) coping style was used to correlate with the psychosocial measures across all timepoints. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. RESULTS MHCWs from infected wards reported significantly higher levels of stress, χ2(1) = 6.74, p = 0.009, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.198), and more severe sleep disturbance (PSQI), χ2(1) = 6.20, p = 0.013, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.182), as compared to the control group at T2. They also engaged in more problem-focused coping (T2 and T3) and emotion-focused coping (T2). As expected, negative coping style was correlated with negative outcomes except problem-focused coping that was correlated with both negative (sleep disturbance and anxiety symptoms) and positive outcomes (wellbeing). Emotion-focused coping was moderately correlated (Tb = 0.348, p<0.017) with higher levels of wellbeing at T2. Thematic analyses revealed MHCWs felt supported by the responsiveness of the institution, emotional and informational support, and the availability from direct leaders, presence of team and hospital leaders on the ground, helped build trust and confidence in the leadership. CONCLUSIONS MHCWs experienced significantly higher levels of stress and sleep disturbance during COVID-19. The ways that organizations can offset the psychological burden of pandemics on MHCWs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoiTing Leung
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madeline Lim
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee Onn Lim
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sara-Ann Lee
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Population and Global Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- North Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Neylon S, Bulsara C, Bulsara MK, Hill AM. Can a Modified Environment Assessment Tool Guide Priorities for Minor Refurbishments at a Residential Aged Care Facility? J Aging Soc Policy 2024; 36:1-20. [PMID: 33433270 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2020.1851434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to examine EVOLVE UK extra care housing tool in an Australian residential aged care minor refurbishment context. The tool's content validity was established with 34 subcategories (I-CVI ≥0.75) and 612 statements (n = 509 I-CVI ≥0.75) relevant. A subsequent audit indicated high concordance (Rho-C = 0.750 to 0.997) within four experts' ratings of the care facility and correlation (Kendall's τ-statistic) between raters ranged from strong (0.5 to 0.9) to very strong (0.9 to 1.0). Lighting was the highest refurbishment element represented (50.54%). Assessment can inform funding, demonstrate standards compliance, and the components of physical environment refurbishments which support resident function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Neylon
- PhD Candidate, School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Caroline Bulsara
- Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Max K Bulsara
- Professor, Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Hill
- Professor, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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Roth C, Venu V, Job V, Lubbers N, Sanbonmatsu KY, Steadman CR, Starkenburg SR. Improved quality metrics for association and reproducibility in chromatin accessibility data using mutual information. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:441. [PMID: 37990143 PMCID: PMC10664258 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlation metrics are widely utilized in genomics analysis and often implemented with little regard to assumptions of normality, homoscedasticity, and independence of values. This is especially true when comparing values between replicated sequencing experiments that probe chromatin accessibility, such as assays for transposase-accessible chromatin via sequencing (ATAC-seq). Such data can possess several regions across the human genome with little to no sequencing depth and are thus non-normal with a large portion of zero values. Despite distributed use in the epigenomics field, few studies have evaluated and benchmarked how correlation and association statistics behave across ATAC-seq experiments with known differences or the effects of removing specific outliers from the data. Here, we developed a computational simulation of ATAC-seq data to elucidate the behavior of correlation statistics and to compare their accuracy under set conditions of reproducibility. RESULTS Using these simulations, we monitored the behavior of several correlation statistics, including the Pearson's R and Spearman's [Formula: see text] coefficients as well as Kendall's [Formula: see text] and Top-Down correlation. We also test the behavior of association measures, including the coefficient of determination R[Formula: see text], Kendall's W, and normalized mutual information. Our experiments reveal an insensitivity of most statistics, including Spearman's [Formula: see text], Kendall's [Formula: see text], and Kendall's W, to increasing differences between simulated ATAC-seq replicates. The removal of co-zeros (regions lacking mapped sequenced reads) between simulated experiments greatly improves the estimates of correlation and association. After removing co-zeros, the R[Formula: see text] coefficient and normalized mutual information display the best performance, having a closer one-to-one relationship with the known portion of shared, enhanced loci between simulated replicates. When comparing values between experimental ATAC-seq data using a random forest model, mutual information best predicts ATAC-seq replicate relationships. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study demonstrates how measures of correlation and association can behave in epigenomics experiments. We provide improved strategies for quantifying relationships in these increasingly prevalent and important chromatin accessibility assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cullen Roth
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
| | - Vrinda Venu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Climate, Ecosystems, and Environmental Science, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Vanessa Job
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, High Performance Computing and Design, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Nicholas Lubbers
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Information Sciences, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Karissa Y Sanbonmatsu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christina R Steadman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Climate, Ecosystems, and Environmental Science, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Shawn R Starkenburg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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Baker CP, Brockmann-Bauser M, Purdy SC, Rakena TO. High and Wide: An In Silico Investigation of Frequency, Intensity, and Vibrato Effects on Widely Applied Acoustic Voice Perturbation and Noise Measures. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00316-8. [PMID: 37925330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in silico study explored the effects of a wide range of fundamental frequency (fo), source-spectrum tilt (SST), and vibrato extent (VE) on commonly used frequency and amplitude perturbation and noise measures. METHOD Using 53 synthesized tones produced in Madde, the effects of stepwise increases in fo, intensity (modeled by decreasing SST), and VE on the PRAAT parameters jitter % (local), relative average perturbation (RAP) %, shimmer % (local), amplitude perturbation quotient 3 (APQ3) %, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) dB were investigated. A secondary experiment was conducted to determine whether any fo effects on jitter, RAP, shimmer, APQ3, and HNR were stable. A total of 10 sinewaves were synthesized in Sopran from 100 to 1000 Hz using formant frequencies for /a/, /i/, and /u/-like vowels, respectively. All effects were statistically assessed with Kendall's tau-b and partial correlation. RESULTS Increasing fo resulted in an overall increase in jitter, RAP, shimmer, and APQ3 values, respectively (P < 0.01). Oscillations of the data across the explored fo range were observed in all measurement outputs. In the Sopran tests, the oscillatory pattern seen in the Madde fo condition remained and showed differences between vowel conditions. Increasing intensity (decreasing SST) led to reduced pitch and amplitude perturbation and HNR (P < 0.05). Increasing VE led to lower HNR and an almost linear increase of all other measures (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These novel data offer a controlled demonstration for the behavior of jitter (local) %, RAP %, shimmer (local) %, APQ3 %, and HNR (dB) when varying fo, SST, and VE in synthesized tones. Since humans will vary in all of these aspects in spoken language and vowel phonation, researchers should take potential resonance-harmonics type effects into account when comparing intersubject or preintervention and postintervention data using these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Peter Baker
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Music, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Meike Brockmann-Bauser
- Department of Phoniatrics and Speech Pathology, Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne C Purdy
- Speech Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Te Oti Rakena
- School of Music, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Chatterjee M, Evans MK, Bell R, Nguyen PK, Kamalitdinov TB, Korntner S, Kuo CK, Dyment NA, Andarawis-Puri N. Histological and immunohistochemical guide to tendon tissue. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2114-2132. [PMID: 37321983 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are unique dense connective tissues with discrete zones having specific structure and function. They are juxtaposed with other tissues (e.g., bone, muscle, and fat) with different compositional, structural, and mechanical properties. Additionally, tendon properties change drastically with growth and development, disease, aging, and injury. Consequently, there are unique challenges to performing high quality histological assessment of this tissue. To address this need, histological assessment was one of the breakout session topics at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Tendon Conference hosted at the University of Pennsylvania. The purpose of the breakout session was to discuss needs from members of the ORS Tendon Section related to histological procedures, data presentation, knowledge dissemination, and guidelines for future work. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of the outcomes of this discussion and provides a set of guidelines, based on the perspectives from our laboratories, for histological assessment to assist researchers in their quest to utilize these techniques to enhance the outcomes and interpretations of their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monideepa Chatterjee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mary K Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Bell
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Phong K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Timur B Kamalitdinov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefanie Korntner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine K Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Ventura-León J, Peña-Calero BN, Burga-León A. The effect of normality and outliers on bivariate correlation coefficients in psychology: A Monte Carlo simulation. THE JOURNAL OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 150:405-422. [PMID: 35792742 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2022.2094310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of the underlying population distribution (normal, non-normal) and OLs on the magnitude of Pearson, Spearman and Pearson Winzorized correlation coefficients through Monte Carlo simulation. The study is conducted using Monte Carlo simulation methodology, with sample sizes of 50, 100, 250, 250, 500 and 1000 observations. Each, underlying population correlations of 0.12, 0.20, 0.31 and 0.50 under conditions of bivariate Normality, bivariate Normality with Outliers (discordant, contaminants) and Non-normal with different values of skewness and kurtosis. The results show that outliers have a greater effect compared to the data distributions; specifically, a substantial effect occurs in Pearson and a smaller one in Spearman and Pearson Winzorized. Additionally, the outliers are shown to have an impact on the assessment of bivariate normality using Mardia's test and problems with decisions based on skewness and kurtosis for univariate normality. Implications of the results obtained are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencia de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Brian Norman Peña-Calero
- Grupo de Estudios Avances en Medición, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Psicológica, Lima, Peru
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11
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Sujathan S, Singh A. Investigation of Potential Drivers of Elevated Uranium Prevalence in Indian Groundwaters with a Unified Speciation Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:1970-1986. [PMID: 36693168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated uranium (U) (>WHO limit of 30 μg L-1) in Indian groundwaters is primarily considered geogenic, but the specific mineralogical sources and mechanisms for U mobilization are poorly understood. In this contribution, statistical and geochemical analyses of well-constrained metadata of Indian groundwater quality (n = 342 of 8543) were performed to identify key parameters and processes that influence U concentrations. For geochemical predictions, a unified speciation model was developed from a carefully compiled and updated thermodynamic database of inorganic, organic (Stockholm Humic model), and surface complexation reactions and associated constants. Critical U contamination was found at shallow depths (<100 m) within the Indo-Gangetic plain, as determined by bivariate nonparametric Kendall's Taub and probability-based association tests. Analysis of aquifer redox states, multivariate hierarchical clusters, and principal components indicated that U contamination was predominant not just in oxic but mixed (oxic-anoxic) aquifers under high Fe, Mn, and SO4 concentrations, presumably due to U release from dissolution of Fe/Mn oxides or Fe sulfides and silicate weathering. Most groundwaters were undersaturated with respect to relevant U-bearing solids despite being supersaturated with respect to atmospheric CO2 (average pCO2 of reported dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC) data = 10-1.57 atm). Yet, dissolved U did not appear to be mass limited, as predicted solubilities from reported sediment concentrations of U were ∼3 orders of magnitude higher. Integration of surface complexation models of U on typical aquifer adsorbents, ferrihydrite, goethite, and manganese dioxide, was necessary to explain dissolved U concentrations. Uranium contamination probabilities with increasing dissolved Ca and Mn exhibited minima at equilibrium solubilities of calcite [∼50 mg L-1] and rhodochrosite [∼0.14 mg L-1], respectively, at an average groundwater pH of ∼7.5. A potential indirect control of such U-free carbonate solids on U mobilization was suggested. For locations (n = 37) where dissolved organic carbon was also reported, organic complexes of U contributed negligibly to dominant U speciation at the groundwater pH. Overall, the unified model suggested competitive dissolution-precipitation and adsorption-desorption controls on U speciation. The model provides a quantitative framework that can be extended to understand dominant mobilization mechanisms of geogenic U in aquifers worldwide after suitable modifications to the relevant aquifer parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Sujathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhas Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Šašinka Č, Lacko D, Čeněk J, Popelka S, Ugwitz P, Řádová H, Fabianová M, Šašinková A, Brančík J, Jankovská M. ImGo: A Novel Tool for Behavioral Impulsivity Assessment Based on Go/NoGo Tasks. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:434-476. [PMID: 34424085 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript aims to present a novel behavioral impulsivity test ImGo, which is suitable for impulsivity assessment in the general population. A series of three studies was conducted to validate its psychometric qualities. In Study 1 we describe the principles of ImGo and verify its test-retest and split-half reliability and its convergent validity with an impulsivity self-report scale and Stop Signal test. In Study 2 we re-analyze the convergent validity of ImGo with a Stop Signal test and examine the potential relationship between ImGo and oculomotor inhibition measured by an Anti-Saccades test. In Study 3 we present a robust research with a large sample size and investigate the discriminant validity of ImGo with tests of other related cognitive and executive processes. Backed by our findings from these studies we can safely claim ImGo is a powerful tool with a good level of reliability (both test-retest and split-half) and validity (convergent and discriminant). Its potential lies in its use in diagnostic and research practice of experts from various countries as the test has already been translated to 9 languages so far. The open-source Hypothesis platform, on which the ImGo test is running, provides the option of both individual and group testing in laboratory conditions as well as remotely through an internet browser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Č Šašinka
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - D Lacko
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; HUME Lab - Experimental Humanities Laboratory, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - J Čeněk
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - S Popelka
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - P Ugwitz
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - H Řádová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - M Fabianová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - A Šašinková
- Department of Information and Library Studies, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Czech Republic; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - J Brančík
- Military Hospital in Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - M Jankovská
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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13
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Chen M, Janssen ABG, de Klein JJM, Du X, Lei Q, Li Y, Zhang T, Pei W, Kroeze C, Liu H. Comparing critical source areas for the sediment and nutrients of calibrated and uncalibrated models in a plateau watershed in southwest China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116712. [PMID: 36402022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Controlling non-point source pollution is often difficult and costly. Therefore, focusing on areas that contribute the most, so-called critical source areas (CSAs), can have economic and ecological benefits. CSAs are often determined using a modelling approach, yet it has proved difficult to calibrate the models in regions with limited data availability. Since identifying CSAs is based on the relative contributions of sub-basins to the total load, it has been suggested that uncalibrated models could be used to identify CSAs to overcome data scarcity issues. Here, we use the SWAT model to study the extent to which an uncalibrated model can be applied to determine CSAs. We classify and rank sub-basins to identify CSAs for sediment, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the Fengyu River Watershed (China) with and without model calibration. The results show high similarity (81%-93%) between the identified sediment and TP CSA number and locations before and after calibration both on the yearly and seasonal scale. For TN alone, the results show moderate similarity on the yearly scale (73%). This may be because, in our study area, TN is determined more by groundwater flow after calibration than by surface water flow. We conclude that CSA identification with the uncalibrated model for TP is always good because its CSA number and locations changed least, and for sediment, it is generally satisfactory. The use of the uncalibrated model for TN is acceptable, as its CSA locations did not change after calibration; however, the TN CSA number changed by over 60% compared to the figures before calibration on both yearly and seasonal scales. Therefore, we advise using an uncalibrated model to identify CSAs for TN only if water yield composition changes are expected to be limited. This study shows that CSAs can be identified based on relative loading estimates with uncalibrated models in data-deficient regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China; Water Systems and Global Change Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box, 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Annette B G Janssen
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M de Klein
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box, 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xinzhong Du
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Qiuliang Lei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Pei
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Carolien Kroeze
- Water Systems and Global Change Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100081, China.
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14
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Ladislavová N, Pojmanová P, Vrbka P, Šnupárková J, Urban Š. Human scent signature on cartridge case survives gun being fired: A preliminary study on a potential of scent residues as an identification tool. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283259. [PMID: 36947531 PMCID: PMC10032514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on a chemical analysis of human scent samples that were obtained from cartridge cases after being fired and their comparison with scent samples collected under laboratory conditions. Scent samples were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results obtained from the chemical analyzes confirmed the desired stability of the human scent evidence and outlined the possible application for forensic purposes. The qualitative results of the study converge with the findings of previous studies on the composition of human scent and the chemical composition of human fingerprints. Furthermore, statistical analyzes were performed employing similarity algorithms such as Pearson's and Spearman's correlations, or Kendall's tau. The resulting comparison of the scent samples secured on fired cartridge cases compared with those samples collected under laboratory conditions yielded ten out of ten correct identifications of the scent inflictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ladislavová
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pojmanová
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Vrbka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šnupárková
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Mathematics, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Urban
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Searles M, Jose Ronquillo Mora Y, Carlo L, Heydari N, Takyiwaa Y, Borbor-Cordova MJ, Campagna CD. Zika virus knowledge and vaccine acceptance among undergraduate students in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Vaccine X 2022; 13:100258. [PMID: 36686399 PMCID: PMC9850025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Zika virus (ZIKV) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2016. Concerns surrounding the effects of ZIKV persist today and several vaccine candidates are currently in various stages of development worldwide. There is limited research on ZIKV vaccine acceptability worldwide, and little research specific to Latin American countries. This research aims to identify the general beliefs and acceptance of a potential ZIKV vaccine in the undergraduate population at Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Methods Between January and November 2019, 429 undergraduate students at ESPOL responded anonymously to a ZIKV vaccine survey. Frequencies, percentages, simple correspondence analysis, and bivariate inferential analyses were conducted using Kendall's tau-b test. Tests explored associations between likelihood of receiving a ZIKV vaccine and demographic, ZIKV information seeking, ZIKV psychosocial variables, and ZIKV information source variables. Results Among the eligible participants, 241 (56.2%) were willing to receive a ZIKV vaccine if one was made commercially available. Most students were male (61.5%), age 20-25 (63.3%), and of mixed (Mestizo) race (95.3%). Results provided insight into student's knowledge on ZIKV, revealed television as the most common information source, and found most students were willing to receive a ZIKV vaccine were one to become available. Bivariate results revealed most respondents reported feeling neutral or likely to receive a ZIKV vaccine regardless of their agreeability with ZIKV information seeking behavior and psychosocial variables. Conclusions This study provides insight into ZIKV knowledge among ESPOL university students and reveals most respondents obtained ZIKV related information from television. The most common reason for not wanting to receive a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine was vaccine hesitancy. Likelihood of receiving a ZIKV vaccine was associated with several information seeking behavior and psychosocial variables. Public health campaigns should focus on comprehensive ZIKV education efforts in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Searles
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Ysai Jose Ronquillo Mora
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Lorena Carlo
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA,Facultad de Ingeniería Electricidad y Computación, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Naveed Heydari
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Yaa Takyiwaa
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA,College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mercy J Borbor-Cordova
- Facultad de Ingeniería Marítima y Ciencias del Mar, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador,Pacific International Center for Disaster Risk Reduction (-RRD), ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Christina D Campagna
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue Suite 4200, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA,Corresponding author.
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Self-reported attitudes, skills and use of evidence-based practice among Swiss chiropractors: a national survey. Chiropr Man Therap 2022; 30:59. [PMID: 36539910 PMCID: PMC9768918 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-022-00462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The high burden of disease associated with musculoskeletal disorders severely impacts patients' well-being. As primary care providers, Swiss chiropractors ought to contribute towards identifying and using effective treatment strategies. An established approach is the full integration of evidence-based practice (EBP). This study aimed to investigate the attitudes, skills and use of EBP among Swiss chiropractors, as well as investigating potential facilitators and barriers for its adoption. METHODS AND MATERIAL All 329 members of the Swiss Association of Chiropractic (ChiroSuisse) were invited in March 2021 to participate in this cross-sectional survey. Data were acquired anonymously online, using the Evidence-Based practice Attitude and utilization SurvEy (EBASE). The survey encompassed 55 questions measuring attitudes (n = 8, response range 1-5; total score range of 8-40), skills (n = 13, response range 1-5; total score range of range of 13-65) and use of EBP (n = 6, response range 0-4; total score range of 0-24). RESULTS 228 (69.3%) chiropractors returned complete EBASE questionnaires. This sample was representative of all ChiroSuisse members with respect to gender, age groups and proportion of chiropractic residents. Respondents generally held positive attitudes towards EBP, as indicated by the high mean (31.2) and median (31) attitude sub-score (range 11-40). Self-reported skills had a mean sub-score of 40.2 and median of 40 (range 13-65). Knowledge about EBP-based clinical practice had been primarily obtained in chiropractic under- or postgraduate education (33.8% and 26.3%, respectively). Use of EBP achieved a lower sub-score, with mean and median values of 7.4 and 6, respectively (range 0-24). The most commonly identified barriers preventing EBP uptake were lack of time (67.9%) and lack of clinical evidence in chiropractic/manual therapy-related health fields (45.1%). CONCLUSION Swiss chiropractors held favourable attitudes and reported moderate to moderate-high skill levels in EBP. Nevertheless, similar to chiropractors in other countries, the self-reported use of EBP was relatively low, with lack of time and lack of clinical evidence being the most named barriers.
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Cai Z, Zhu J, Tian S. Preservice teachers' teaching internship affects professional identity: Self-efficacy and learning engagement as mediators. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1070763. [PMID: 36532965 PMCID: PMC9748549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservice teachers' professional identity is a critical factor in their motivation, effectiveness, and retention. Teaching internship can promote the transformation of professional identity and self-efficacy of preservice teachers. The internship environment also enhances students' increasing level of learning engagement. Although much research has shown strong relationship between preservice teachers' teaching internship and professional identity, less is known about how self-efficacy and learning engagement mediated those variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles that self-efficacy and learning engagement play in the relationship between preservice teachers' professional identities and their teaching internship experiences. The study involved 309 preservice teachers in total, and the variables were measured using questionnaires. For the data analysis, we used structural equation modeling. The study's findings are as follows. (a) Teaching internship, professional identity, self-efficacy, and learning engagement were all significantly correlated with one another. (b) Both self-efficacy and learning engagement partially mediated the relationship between teaching internship and professional identity in a parallel manner. (c) Self-efficacy and learning engagement also sequentially mediated the relationship between teaching internship and professional identity.
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Investigation on the Relationship between Biodiversity and Linguistic Diversity in China and Its Formation Mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095538. [PMID: 35564933 PMCID: PMC9103816 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that countries, biodiversity hotspots, wildness areas, and islands with high biodiversity also have high linguistic diversity, while the regional correlation between phonetic, lexical, and grammatical diversity within a particular kind of language and biodiversity has not been verified. Based on the methods of GIS visualization and Spearman correlation coefficient, the regional differences and correlations between linguistic diversity and biodiversity in China are investigated in this paper using the numbers of plant species, animal species, Chinese dialects, and the data of phonetic, lexical, and grammatical diversity of Chinese dialects. The results reveal the positive regional correlations between the diversity of Chinese dialects, as well as the phonetic, lexical, and grammatical diversity of Chinese dialects and biodiversity. In addition, the regional correlation between linguistic diversity and plant diversity is stronger than that between linguistic diversity and animal diversity. The diversity of Chinese dialects is being weakened by the industrialization and urbanization. Furthermore, some countermeasures to protect linguistic diversity are proposed, such as protecting biodiversity and small communities, as well as promoting national language resource protection projects.
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19
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Mason AE, Kasl P, Hartogensis W, Natale JL, Dilchert S, Dasgupta S, Purawat S, Chowdhary A, Anglo C, Veasna D, Pandya LS, Fox LM, Puldon KY, Prather JG, Gupta A, Altintas I, Smarr BL, Hecht FM. Metrics from Wearable Devices as Candidate Predictors of Antibody Response following Vaccination against COVID-19: Data from the Second TemPredict Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020264. [PMID: 35214723 PMCID: PMC8877860 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is significant variability in neutralizing antibody responses (which correlate with immune protection) after COVID-19 vaccination, but only limited information is available about predictors of these responses. We investigated whether device-generated summaries of physiological metrics collected by a wearable device correlated with post-vaccination levels of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), the target of neutralizing antibodies generated by existing COVID-19 vaccines. One thousand, one hundred and seventy-nine participants wore an off-the-shelf wearable device (Oura Ring), reported dates of COVID-19 vaccinations, and completed testing for antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD during the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination rollout. We found that on the night immediately following the second mRNA injection (Moderna-NIAID and Pfizer-BioNTech) increases in dermal temperature deviation and resting heart rate, and decreases in heart rate variability (a measure of sympathetic nervous system activation) and deep sleep were each statistically significantly correlated with greater RBD antibody responses. These associations were stronger in models using metrics adjusted for the pre-vaccination baseline period. Greater temperature deviation emerged as the strongest independent predictor of greater RBD antibody responses in multivariable models. In contrast to data on certain other vaccines, we did not find clear associations between increased sleep surrounding vaccination and antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Mason
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Kasl
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (P.K.); (J.L.N.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (B.L.S.)
| | - Wendy Hartogensis
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Joseph L. Natale
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (P.K.); (J.L.N.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (B.L.S.)
| | - Stephan Dilchert
- Department of Management, Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Subhasis Dasgupta
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Shweta Purawat
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Anoushka Chowdhary
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Claudine Anglo
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Danou Veasna
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Leena S. Pandya
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Lindsey M. Fox
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Karena Y. Puldon
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Jenifer G. Prather
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Amarnath Gupta
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (P.K.); (J.L.N.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (B.L.S.)
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Ilkay Altintas
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (P.K.); (J.L.N.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (B.L.S.)
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Benjamin L. Smarr
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (P.K.); (J.L.N.); (A.G.); (I.A.); (B.L.S.)
| | - Frederick M. Hecht
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; (W.H.); (A.C.); (C.A.); (D.V.); (L.S.P.); (L.M.F.); (K.Y.P.); (J.G.P.); (F.M.H.)
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Milošević V, Malobabić M, Stojanović I, Bašić J. Importance of a functional measure in the evaluation of patients in a memory clinic: Validation of the Serbian version of the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 214:107165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhai T, Bailey PE, Rogers KD, Kneebone II. Validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory in younger adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254211064348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) in younger adults. Participants were 212 younger adults age M = 22 (range = 17–53) years. They completed a demographic information questionnaire and self-report measures: the GAI, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Worry Behaviors Inventory (WBI). Data from the GAI were collected at two time points, one week apart, and data from other self-report measures were collected once via Qualtrics, an online survey platform. The internal consistency and test–retest score reliability of the GAI were excellent. It had good congruent validity with other anxiety measures, limited divergent validity with depression measures, and sound convergent validity with worry measures. The GAI showed good discrimination between probable cases and noncases of generalized anxiety disorder (participants who scored ⩾8 on the GAD-7) and its optimal cutoff score for probable cases of GAD was ⩾12. A unidimensional component structure of the GAI best fit this study’s data. This study has provided preliminary evidence that the GAI is reliable and valid for use in an Australian sample of younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Zhai
- University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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Wang J, Zhu E, Ai P, Liu J, Chen Z, Wang F, Chen F, Ai Z. The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1091798. [PMID: 36620659 PMCID: PMC9813586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the huge population in China, the available mental health resources are inadequate. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate whether mental questionnaires, serving as auxiliary diagnostic tools, have efficient diagnostic ability in outpatient psychiatric services. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of Chinese psychiatric outpatients. Altogether 1,182, 5,069, and 4,958 records of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), respectively, were collected from March 2021 to July 2022. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to subscale scores and total scores of SCL-90, HAM-A, and HAM-D between the two sexes (male and female groups), different age groups, and four diagnostic groups (anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Kendall's tau coefficient analysis and machine learning were also conducted in the diagnostic groups. RESULTS We found significant differences in most subscale scores for both age and gender groups. Using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's tau coefficient analysis, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in diseases in total scale scores and nearly all subscale scores. The results of machine learning (ML) showed that for HAM-A, anxiety had a small degree of differentiation with an AUC of 0.56, while other diseases had an AUC close to 0.50. As for HAM-D, bipolar disorder was slightly distinguishable with an AUC of 0.60, while the AUC of other diseases was lower than 0.50. In SCL-90, all diseases had a similar AUC; among them, bipolar disorder had the lowest score, schizophrenia had the highest score, while anxiety and depression both had an AUC of approximately 0.56. CONCLUSION This study is the first to conduct wide and comprehensive analyses on the use of these three scales in Chinese outpatient clinics with both traditional statistical approaches and novel machine learning methods. Our results indicated that the univariate subscale scores did not have statistical significance among our four diagnostic groups, which highlights the limit of their practical use by doctors in identifying different mental diseases in Chinese outpatient psychiatric services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enzhao Zhu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Ai
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fazhan Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zisheng Ai
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Chinese-German Institute of Mental Health, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Peixoto MRLV, Cooley L, Widowski TM. Maternal age and maternal environment affect stress reactivity and measures of social behaviour in laying hens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17499. [PMID: 34471152 PMCID: PMC8410862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal effects can shape the phenotypes of offspring, but the extent to which a layer breeder's experience can affect commercial laying hens remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of maternal age and maternal environment on laying hens' behaviour and stress response. In our first experiment (E1), commercial hybrid hens were reared either in aviary or barren brooding cages, then housed in aviary, conventional cages or furnished (enriched) cages, thus forming different maternal housing treatments. Hens from each treatment were inseminated at three ages, and measures of response to manual restraint and social stress were assessed in offspring. In experiment 2 (E2), maternal age effects on offsprings' stress response were further investigated using fertile eggs from commercial breeder flocks at three ages. In E1, maternal age affected struggling and corticosterone during manual restraint, feather pecking and pulling and comb wounds. Additionally, maternal rearing and housing in aviary systems showed positive effects on measures of behaviour and stress response in offspring. Effects of maternal age were not replicated in E2, possibly due to methodological differences or higher tolerance to maternal effects in commercial breeders. Overall, we recommend researchers report parent stock age to increase comparison across studies and thus our understanding of maternal age effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tina M Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Klute M, Laekeman M, Kuss K, Petzke F, Dieterich A, Leha A, Neblett R, Ehrhardt S, Ulma J, Schäfer A. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the German Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-GE). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:708. [PMID: 34407773 PMCID: PMC8375049 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a screening tool designed to detect symptoms related to Central Sensitization (CS) and Central Sensitivity Syndromes (CSS) by measuring the degree of related phenomena. The objective of this study was to create a German, culturally-adapted version of the CSI and to test its psychometric properties. METHODS A German version of the CSI (CSI-GE) was developed, culturally-adapted, and pretested for comprehensibility. The psychometric properties of the resulting version were validated in a clinical study with chronic pain and pain-free control subjects. To assess retest reliability, the CSI-GE was administered twice to a subgroup of patients. Structural validity was tested using factor analyses. To investigate construct validity a hypotheses testing approach was used, including (1) correlations between the CSI-GE and several other well-established questionnaires as well as (2) an investigation of the CSI-GE discriminative power between different subgroups of participants believed to have different degrees of CS. RESULTS The CSI-GE showed excellent reliability, including high test-retest characteristics. Factor analyses confirmed a bi-factor dimensionality as has been determined previously. Analysing construct validity 6 out of 11 hypotheses (55%) were met. CSI-GE scores differentiated between subgroups according to expectations. Correlations between CSI-GE scores and other questionnaires suggested that none of the correlated constructs was identical, but there was overlap with other questionnaires based on symptom load. Several correlations did not fit with our current understanding of CS. CONCLUSION The CSI-GE appears to be a reliable tool for measuring CS/CSS-related symptomatology. Whether this implies that the CSI-GE measures the degree of CS within an individual subject remains unknown. The resulting score should be interpreted cautiously until further clarification of the construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Klute
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marjan Laekeman
- Physiological Psychology, Otto-Friedrich- University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kuss
- Department of General Practice/Family Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frank Petzke
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Center, Georg August University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angela Dieterich
- Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health, Safety, Society, Furtwangen University, Furtwangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Social Sciences, City University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany
| | - Joachim Ulma
- Clinic for Pain Medicine Bremen, Rotes-Kreuz-Krankenhaus Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Axel Schäfer
- Faculty of Social Work and Health, University of Applied Science and Art, Hildesheim, Germany
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Penticuff R, Jeffrey RB, Olcott EW. Hyperechoic Periappendiceal Fat: Evaluation of Criteria for Improving Specificity in the Sonographic Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:285-296. [PMID: 32697409 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that abutting and encasing types of hyperechoic periappendiceal fat are specific sonographic indicators of appendicitis in pediatric patients, including individuals with maximum outer diameters (MODs) of 6 to 8 mm in whom diagnosis by the MOD alone is known to be equivocal. METHODS Appendiceal sonograms of 271 consecutive pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated for hyperechoic periappendiceal fat (globular, ≥1.0 cm; categorized as type 0, none; type 1, "abutting," encompassing <180° of the appendiceal circumference; or type 2, "encasing," encompassing 180° or more of the appendiceal circumference) and the MOD. Histopathologic and medical records constituted reference standards. Statistical methods included the binomial distribution, logistic regression, a receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the exact McNemar test. RESULTS All patients with hyperechoic fat and 105 of 107 patients with appendicitis had MODs of 6 mm or greater. The MOD and fat types 1 and 2 each were significantly associated with appendicitis in the univariable regression. The MOD and fat type 1 were independently associated with appendicitis in multivariable regression (odds ratio, 24.97; P = .034; and odds ratio, 5.35; P < .001, respectively). Specificities of an MOD of 6 to 8 mm and an MOD of 6 mm or greater alone were 89.0% (95% confidence interval, 83.2%-93.4%); these increased to 100.0% each (95% confidence interval, 97.8%-100.0%; P < .001) when combined with fat types 1, 2, and either 1 or 2 as diagnostic criteria, with positive predictive values of 100.0%. CONCLUSIONS Types 1 and 2 periappendiceal fat are specific indicators of appendicitis, and both improve specificity compared to the MOD. Importantly, they add specificity in diagnosing appendicitis in patients with diagnostically equivocal MODs of 6 to 8 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Penticuff
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - R Brooke Jeffrey
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric W Olcott
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ, Balnis J, Bernstein MN, Peters-Clarke TM, Meyer JG, Quan Q, Muehlbauer LK, Trujillo EA, He Y, Chopra A, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Judson MA, Paulson B, Brademan DR, Zhu Y, Serrano LR, Linke V, Drake LA, Adam AP, Schwartz BS, Singer HA, Swanson S, Mosher DF, Stewart R, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A. Large-Scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity. Cell Syst 2021; 12:23-40.e7. [PMID: 33096026 PMCID: PMC7543711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed RNA-seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients with diverse disease severities and outcomes. Quantified transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many of which were involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ian J Miller
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Trenton M Peters-Clarke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Qiuwen Quan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Laura K Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Edna A Trujillo
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hau C Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Brett Paulson
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dain R Brademan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lia R Serrano
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Vanessa Linke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lisa A Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Alejandro P Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | | | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Liu S, Wang F, Deng L, Dong Y, Liu Y. Multi-Scale Ecological Connectivity Dynamics Associated With Hydropower Station: A Case Study in the Lancang River Valley. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.616356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dam construction is a major threat to terrestrial ecological processes that exhibit spatial variation. As an effective indicator of species movements at large scales, the dynamics of forest landscape connectivity for the dispersal abilities of local species such as primates both upstream and downstream of the Manwan hydropower station were compared in three periods: before, during, and after dam construction (in 1974, 1988, and 2004, respectively). The equivalent connected area (ECA) index which was modified from the probability of connectivity (PC) index based on the graph theory was applied in this study. We used this method to analyze the spatial and temporal changes in the overall forest landscape connectivity due to dam construction. The results showed that forest connectivity decreased after dam construction. The forest connectivity upstream was much greater than that downstream in 1974 but was lower in 1988 and 2004. The importance of connectivity increased with increasing dispersal distance. Only 8, 12, and 18% of forest patches of small area exhibited changes in 1974, 1988, and 2004, respectively. Most of the large habitat patches (i.e., those with dECA values >50%) remained stable, and the greatest patch changes were found at a dispersal distance of 400 m in all three periods. These large forest patch changes often occurred near the boundary of the study area. The Betweenness Centrality indicator, which identifies patches as stepping stones while accounting for ecological processes and biological flows at a larger scale, indicated that some habitat patches near Manwan Dam acted as stepping stones in maintaining the forest connectivity. Furthermore, rank correlations between the forest patch area and the three dPC (intra, flux, connector) fractions indicated that the dPCflux indicator can be used to measure the prioritization of habitat patches.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Commonly used measures of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) do not capture activities for a technologically advancing society. This study aimed to adapt the proxy/informant-based Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) for use in the UK and develop a self-report version. DESIGN An iterative mixed method cross-cultural adaptation of the A-IADL-Q and the development of a self-report version involving a three-step design: (1) interviews and focus groups with lay and professional stakeholders to assess face and content validity; (2) a questionnaire to measure item relevance to older adults in the U.K.; (3) a pilot of the adapted questionnaire in people with cognitive impairment. SETTING Community settings in the UK. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and forty-eight participants took part across the three steps: (1) 14 dementia professionals; 8 people with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia due to Alzheimer's disease; and 6 relatives of people with MCI or dementia; (2) 92 older adults without cognitive impairment; and (3) 28 people with SCD or MCI. MEASUREMENTS The cultural relevance and applicability of the A-IADL-Q scale items were assessed using a 6-point Likert scale. Cognitive and functional performance was measured using a battery of cognitive and functional measures. RESULTS Iterative modifications to the scale resulted in a 55-item adapted version appropriate for UK use (A-IADL-Q-UK). Pilot data revealed that the new and revised items performed well. Four new items correlated with the weighted average score (Kendall's Tau -.388, -.445, -.497, -.569). An exploratory analysis of convergent validity found correlations in the expected direction with cognitive and functional measures. CONCLUSION The A-IADL-Q-UK provides a measurement of functional decline for use in the UK that captures culturally relevant activities. A new self-report version has been developed and is ready for testing. Further evaluation of the A-IADL-Q-UK for construct validity is now needed.
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O'Connor JD, Murphy S, Lally HT, O'Connor I, Nash R, O'Sullivan J, Bruen M, Heerey L, Koelmans AA, Cullagh A, Cullagh D, Mahon AM. Microplastics in brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) from an Irish riverine system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115572. [PMID: 33254617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rivers play an important role in the overall transport of microplastic pollution (1 μm to 5 mm), with fluvial dynamics expected to influence biotic interactions, particularly for fish. So far, there have been few assessments of microplastics in freshwater salmonids. The prevalence (i.e. percentage occurrence) and burden (i.e. abundance per fish) of microplastics were assessed in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) and stomach contents (SCs) of 58 brown trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 sampled at six sites along the River Slaney catchment in south-east Ireland. Sites were divided into two classifications (high and low exposure) based on proximity to microplastic pollution sources, comprising three sites each. Analysis of biological traits (e.g. fish length) and diet was performed on the same fish to determine possible factors explaining microplastic burden. Microplastics were found in 72% of fish having been recovered from 66% of GITs (1.88 ± 1.53 MPs fish⁻1) and 28% of SCs (1.31 ± 0.48 MPs fish⁻1). Fibres were the dominant particle type recovered from GITs (67%) and SCs (57%) followed by fragments. No difference in median microplastic burden was observed between fish collected in high and low exposure sites. Microplastic burden was unrelated to fish fork length, while microplastic size distribution (100 ≤ 350 μm, 350 μm to ≤ 5 mm) was unrelated to S. trutta age class estimates. Furthermore, microplastic burden was not explained by dietary intake. Though further research is necessary, this study showed the presence of microplastics in wild S. trutta collected from an Irish riverine system, which could have further implications for top-level consumers that feed on the species, including humans. Further analysis is required to determine possible trophic linkages for the species, with respect to microplastics, and to assess the suitability of S. trutta for monitoring microplastics in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - Sinéad Murphy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Heather T Lally
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Róisín Nash
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - John O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael Bruen
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda Heerey
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University & Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alan Cullagh
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, Anglesea Street, Raheen, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, E91 RD25, Ireland
| | - Declan Cullagh
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, Anglesea Street, Raheen, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, E91 RD25, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Mahon
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
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Willems DS, IJsseldijk LL, van den Broek DHN, Veraa S. Vertebral pattern variation in the North Sea harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by computed tomography. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:968-978. [PMID: 33015959 PMCID: PMC8246778 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral series in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and caudal. In contrast to studying skeletons from museums, in which small bones can be missed, evaluation of full body computed tomography (CT) scans provides an overview of the vertebral column, while maintaining interrelationship of all structures. The aim of this study was to document variations in vertebral patterning of the harbor porpoise via evaluation of CT images of intact stranded harbor porpoises. The harbor porpoises were divided into age classes, based on developmental stage of reproductive organs on postmortem examination and closure of proximal humeral physis on CT. Numbers of vertebrae per series, fusion state of the syncervical, type of first hemal arch, number of double articulating ribs, and floating ribs were recorded based on CT images. Included in the study were 48 harbor porpoises (27 males and 21 females), which were divided in two age classes (27 immatures and 21 adults). Total vertebral count varied from 63 to 68 with vertebral formula range C7T12‐14L12‐16Cd29‐33. Twenty‐five different vertebral formulas were found, of which C7T13L14Ca30 was the most common (n = 8, 17%). Thoracic vertebrae with six, seven, or eight double articulating ribs and zero, one, or two vertebrae with floating ribs were seen. Four different fusion states of the syncervical and four types of hemal arches were recognized. This study showed a great variation in vertebral patterning in the harbor porpoise, with homeotic and meristic variation in the thoracic, lumbar, and caudal vertebral series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien S Willems
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lonneke L IJsseldijk
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Hendrik N van den Broek
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Veraa
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li J, Gao H, Liu P, Zhong C. Does Distance Produce Beauty? The Influence of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Coach-Athlete Relationship in a Chinese Football School. Front Psychol 2020; 11:560638. [PMID: 33013600 PMCID: PMC7516042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examined the relationship between coaches and youth athletes in China by comparing data collected before and after the lockdown. A total of 221 youth athletes aged 13-19 years in one professional football school completed coach-athlete relationship questionnaires. The rank-sum test was used to verify the differences in the data. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that mean value of the three dimensions of the coach-athlete relationship (closeness, commitment, and complementarity) increased after the COVID-19 lockdown. The results also showed that athletes of different age categories showed different changes in the coach-athlete relationship after the lockdown, and the changes were not significantly related to the severity of the COVID-19 epidemic. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.,Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyan Gao
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Zhong
- Shandong Luneng Taishan Football School, Weifang, China
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The Role of Social Support in Participation Perspectives of Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disabilities in India and South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186644. [PMID: 32933056 PMCID: PMC7558089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caregivers are an intrinsic component of the environment of children with intellectual disabilities. However, caregivers’ capacity to support children’s participation may be linked to the social support that they, as caregivers, receive. Social support may increase participation, educational, psychological, medical and financial opportunities. However, there is a lack of information on social support in middle-income countries. The current study described and compared the social support of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities by using the Family Support Survey (FSS) in India and South Africa. The different types of social support were subsequently considered in relation to participation, using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). One hundred caregiver–child dyads from India and 123 from South Africa participated in this study. The data were analysed using non-parametric measures. Indian caregivers reported greater availability of more helpful support than did the South African caregivers. Social support was associated with children’s participation diversity (India) and intensity (South Africa). The child-/caregiver-reported participation data showed different associations with participation. Results from this study suggest that perceived social support of caregivers differs between countries and is associated with their child’s participation. These factors need to be considered when generalising results from different countries.
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Clinical judgment versus geriatric assessment for frailty in older patients with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 11:1138-1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ, Balnis J, Bernstein MN, Peters-Clarke TM, Meyer JG, Quan Q, Muehlbauer LK, Trujillo EA, He Y, Chopra A, Chieng HC, Tiwari A, Judson MA, Paulson B, Brademan DR, Zhu Y, Serrano LR, Linke V, Drake LA, Adam AP, Schwartz BS, Singer HA, Swanson S, Mosher DF, Stewart R, Coon JJ, Jaitovich A. Large-scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.07.17.20156513. [PMID: 32743614 PMCID: PMC7388490 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.17.20156513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed RNA-Seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19 positive and negative patients with diverse disease severities. Over 17,000 transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were quantified and associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a comparative analysis with published data and a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Overmyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ian J. Miller
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joseph Balnis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Trenton M. Peters-Clarke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Jesse G. Meyer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Qiuwen Quan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Laura K. Muehlbauer
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Edna A. Trujillo
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yuchen He
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hau C. Chieng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Anupama Tiwari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Marc A. Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Brett Paulson
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Dain R. Brademan
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Yunyun Zhu
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lia R. Serrano
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Vanessa Linke
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Lisa A. Drake
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro P. Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Harold A. Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Deane F. Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53562, USA
| | - Ariel Jaitovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Lin LY, Wang J, Ou-Yang XY, Miao Q, Chen R, Liang FX, Zhang YP, Tang Q, Wang T. The immediate impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on subjective sleep status. Sleep Med 2020; 77:348-354. [PMID: 32593614 PMCID: PMC7831667 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background An outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been ongoing in China since January 2020. The threat of infection affects the work and life of most of the population and may also damage sleep. This study aims to examine the subjective sleep status and mental health of the population during the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic. Method The data were collected through an online questionnaire with a sample of 5461 individuals in China from February 5, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on their degree of threat from COVID-19: Group 1 was most closely associated with COVID-19, including inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19, first-line hospital workers and first-line management staff; Group 2 included outpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 and patients who developed a fever and visited the hospital; Group 3 included people related to Group 1 or 2, such as their colleagues, relatives, friends and rescuers; and Group 4 was the farthest removed from contact with COVID-19, covering the general public affected by COVID-19 prevention strategies. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) were used. Results Threat degree of COVID-19 (groups) had significant correlations with insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Age, gender, and area (Hubei province or other provinces) had significant correlations with insomnia (p < 0.01). A total of 1380 (24.46%) participants were suspected of having major depression based on the PHQ-9. Additionally, 1042 (18.47%) participants were suspected of having generalized anxiety disorder based on the GAD-7. A total of 892 (15.8%) of the participants had Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) according to the ASDS. The prevalence of clinical insomnia during the outbreak was 20.05% (1131) according to the ISI. The factors of satisfaction with the current sleep pattern and how perceptible the symptoms of the current sleep pattern are to other people (p < 0.05) and the middle (difficulty staying asleep) and terminal (waking up too early) (p < 0.01) factors of the ISI were significantly different across groups. A total of 1129 (20.01%) participants spent more than one hour awake in bed. Conclusion The results indicated that insomnia is more severe in people who are female, young, living in the epicenter and experiencing a high degree of threat from COVID-19. As prevention and treatment efforts continue with regard to COVID-19, the general public has developed poor sleep hygiene habits, which deserve attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Lin
- Department of Psychology and Sleep, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Computer Information Systems, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Yong Ou-Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Pneumology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang-Pu Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Psychology and Sleep, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Peixoto MRLV, Karrow NA, Newman A, Widowski TM. Effects of Maternal Stress on Measures of Anxiety and Fearfulness in Different Strains of Laying Hens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:128. [PMID: 32292791 PMCID: PMC7118700 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress can affect the offspring of birds, possibly due to hormone deposition in the egg. Additionally, phenotypic diversity resulting from domestication and selection for productivity has created a variety of poultry lines that may cope with stress differently. In this study, we investigated the effects of maternal stress on the behavior of different strains of laying hens and the role of corticosterone as its mediator. For this, fertilized eggs of five genetic lines-two brown (Brown 1 and 2), two white (White 1 and 2), and one pure line White Leghorn-were reared identically as four flocks of 27 birds (24F: 3M) per strain. Each strain was equally separated into two groups: Maternal Stress ("MS"), where hens were subjected to a series of daily acute psychological stressors for 8 days before egg collection, and "Control," which received routine husbandry. Fertile eggs from both treatments were collected at three different ages forming different offspring groups that were treated as replicates; additional eggs from Control were injected either with corticosterone diluted in a vehicle solution ("CORT") or just "Vehicle." Eggs from each replicate were incubated and hatched, and offspring (N = 1,919) were brooded under identical conditions. To measure the effects of maternal stress on anxiety and fear-like behavior, offspring were subjected to a social isolation test (SI) between 5 and 10 days of age and a tonic immobility test (TI) at 9 weeks of age. Compared to Control, MS decreased the number of distress vocalizations emitted by White 2 in SI. No effects of MS were observed in TI, and no effects of CORT were observed in any tests. Overall, brown lines vocalized more in SI and remained in TI for a longer duration than white strains, suggesting genetic differences in fear behavior. Females vocalized more than males in TI and showed a trend toward significance for the same trait in SI. Overall, results suggest that the effects of maternal stress on fearfulness are not directly mediated by corticosterone. Moreover, it highlights behavioral differences across various strains of laying hens, suggesting that fear responses are highly dependent on genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tina M. Widowski
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Jones C, Graybill E, Barger B, Roach AT. Examining the predictive validity of behavior screeners across measures and respondents. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Jones
- Center for Leadership in DisabilityGeorgia State University Atlanta Georgia
| | - Emily Graybill
- Center for Leadership in DisabilityGeorgia State University Atlanta Georgia
| | - Brian Barger
- Center for Leadership in DisabilityGeorgia State University Atlanta Georgia
| | - Andrew T. Roach
- Counseling and Psychological ServicesGeorgia State University Atlanta Georgia
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Berry S, Crowe T, Deane FP, Quinlan E. An exploratory study of culture in treatment for Aboriginal Australian men in residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation services. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:149-173. [PMID: 32031501 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1725706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the research are to describe the cultural activities offered in residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation for Aboriginal Australian men, along with client perceptions of the benefits associated with these cultural activities. Participants were 101 Australian Aboriginal male clients attending five residential drug and alcohol rehabilitation services in New South Wales. Participants completed a semi-structured interview and questionnaires that included the Growth and Empowerment Measure, the Aboriginal Cultural Engagement Survey, Clinical Global Impressions, and two questionnaires regarding cultural engagement while in treatment. Service users indicated that the most beneficial cultural activities offered within services were traditional art/craft, culturally-focused talks/meetings, and being on the land. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that cultural engagement in everyday life significantly predicted empowerment but not other measures of mental ill-health. The opinions of service users are presented, and recommendations are made regarding ways to enhance the effectiveness of cultural activities within drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Berry
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Trevor Crowe
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Frank P Deane
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Elly Quinlan
- Illawarra Institute for Mental Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Sun F, Zhang W, Wang N, Zhang W. A Copula Entropy Approach to Dependence Measurement for Multiple Degradation Processes. ENTROPY 2019; 21:e21080724. [PMID: 33267438 PMCID: PMC7515253 DOI: 10.3390/e21080724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Degradation analysis has been widely used in reliability modeling problems of complex systems. A system with complex structure and various functions may have multiple degradation features, and any of them may be a cause of product failure. Typically, these features are not independent of each other, and the dependence of multiple degradation processes in a system cannot be ignored. Therefore, the premise of multivariate degradation modeling is to capture and measure the dependence among multiple features. To address this problem, this paper adopts copula entropy, which is a combination of the copula function and information entropy theory, to measure the dependence among different degradation processes. The copula function was employed to identify the complex dependence structure of performance features, and information entropy theory was used to quantify the degree of dependence. An engineering case was utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that this method is valid for the dependence measurement of multiple degradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Sun
- Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Beijing Aeronautical Science & Technology Research Institute, Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd., Beijing 102211, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-82338651
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio Amante Miot
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Dermatologia e Radioterapia, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Klotz SGR, Petersen-Ewert C, Ketels G, Scherer M, Barzel A. The German version of the Functional Walking Categories (FWC): translation and initial validation. Top Stroke Rehabil 2018; 26:49-57. [PMID: 30346912 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2018.1536022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community ambulation is often affected after a stroke. However, no validated assessment in German to measure community ambulation on a participation level exists. OBJECTIVES The purpose was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Functional Walking Categories (FWC) into German and to assess its validity and reliability in patients with stroke. METHODS Cross-cultural adaptation guidelines were used for translation. Face and content validity were established with the aid of an expert committee. A pilot study with patients after stroke in a neurological rehabilitation setting checked for concurrent validity using Kendall's tau and reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients. RESULTS The results indicated that the German version of the FWC has adequate face and content validity. A total of 30 patients (mean age 62 ± 12.315 years, 56.7% female) participated in the study. The FWC correlated well with the Functional Ambulation Categories (tau-b = 0.783), cadence (tau-b = 0.640), gait velocity (tau-b = 0.628), the comfortable 10-m timed walk (tau-b = -0.629), and the fast 10-m timed walk (tau-b = -0.634). Moderate correlations were found between the FWC and step length (tau-b = 0.483) and the Timed Up and Go (tau-b = -0.520), respectively. Intrarater reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.651) while interrater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.751) (all correlations p < 0.001). However, the study was designed as pilot study, thus, full psychometric property testing was not possible. CONCLUSIONS The German FWC offers a reasonable tool for measuring community ambulation on participation level. However, a user manual seems to be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne G R Klotz
- a Department of Health Sciences , Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , Hamburg , Germany.,b Department of Physiotherapy , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Corinna Petersen-Ewert
- c Department of Care and Management , Hamburg University of Applied Sciences , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Gesche Ketels
- b Department of Physiotherapy , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- d Department of Primary Medical Care , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Anne Barzel
- d Department of Primary Medical Care , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany.,e Faculty of Health/School of Medicine , Witten/Herdecke University , Witten , Germany
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Schwedhelm C, Knüppel S, Schwingshackl L, Boeing H, Iqbal K. Meal and habitual dietary networks identified through Semiparametric Gaussian Copula Graphical Models in a German adult population. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202936. [PMID: 30142191 PMCID: PMC6108519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaussian graphical models (GGMs) are exploratory methods that can be applied to construct networks of food intake. Such networks were constructed for meal-structured data, elucidating how foods are consumed in relation to each other at meal level. Meal-specific networks were compared with habitual dietary networks using data from an EPIC-Potsdam sub-cohort study. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were collected cross-sectionally from 815 adults in 2010-2012. Food intake was averaged to obtain the habitual intake. GGMs were applied to four main meals and habitual intakes of 39 food groups to generate meal-specific and habitual dietary networks, respectively. Communities and centrality were detected in the dietary networks to facilitate interpretation. The breakfast network revealed five communities of food groups with other vegetables, sauces, bread, margarine, and sugar & confectionery as central food groups. The lunch and afternoon snacks networks showed higher variability in food consumption and six communities were detected in each of these meal networks. Among the central food groups detected in both of these meal networks were potatoes, red meat, other vegetables, and bread. Two dinner networks were identified with five communities and other vegetables as a central food group. Partial correlations at meals were stronger than on the habitual level. The meal-specific dietary networks were only partly reflected in the habitual dietary network with a decreasing percentage: 64.3% for dinner, 50.0% for breakfast, 36.2% for lunch, and 33.3% for afternoon snack. The method of GGM yielded dietary networks that describe combinations of foods at the respective meals. Analysing food consumption on the habitual level did not exactly reflect meal level intake. Therefore, interpretation of habitual networks should be done carefully. Meal networks can help understand dietary habits, however, GGMs warrant validation in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sven Knüppel
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- NutriAct – Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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Smith PH, Thornton GE, Devellis R, Earp J, Coker AL. A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships. Violence Against Women 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/107780120200801004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.
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van den Broek DHN, Geddes RF, Williams TL, Chang YM, Elliott J, Jepson RE. Calcitonin Response to Naturally Occurring Ionized Hypercalcemia in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:727-735. [PMID: 29469976 PMCID: PMC5867022 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercalcemia is commonly associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. Objectives To explore the calcitonin response to naturally occurring ionized hypercalcemia in cats with azotemic CKD, and to assess the relationship of plasma calcitonin with ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and urinary calcium excretion. Animals Thirty‐three client‐owned cats with azotemic CKD and ionized hypercalcemia from first opinion practice. Methods Cohort study. Calcitonin was measured with an immunoradiometric assay in heparinized plasma. Simple correlations were assessed with Kendall's rank correlation, and the within‐subject correlations of calcitonin with ionized calcium and other clinicopathological variables were calculated with a bivariate linear mixed effects model. Results Calcitonin concentrations above the lower limit of detection (>1.2 pg/mL; range, 1.7–87.2 pg/mL) were observed in 11 of 33 hypercalcemic cats (responders). Blood ionized calcium concentration did not differ significantly between responders (median, 1.59 [1.46, 1.66] mmol/L) and nonresponders (median, 1.48 [1.43, 1.65] mmol/L; P = 0.22). No evidence was found for calcitonin and ionized calcium to correlate between cats (τb = 0.14; P = 0.31; n = 33), but significant positive correlation was evident within individual responders over time (within‐subject correlation coefficient [rwithin], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.92). Calcitonin correlated negatively over time with plasma ALP (rwithin, −0.55; 95% CI, −0.79 to −0.16). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Calcitonin does not appear to have an important role in calcium metabolism in cats with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H N van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R F Geddes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T L Williams
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Y-M Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Lönnqvist L, Loukusa S, Hurtig T, Mäkinen L, Siipo A, Väyrynen E, Palo P, Laukka S, Mämmelä L, Mattila ML, Ebeling H. How Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Watch and Interpret Pragmatically Complex Scenes. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2017; 70:2331-2346. [DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1233988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate subtle characteristics of social perception and interpretation in high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and to study the relation between watching and interpreting. As a novelty, we used an approach that combined moment-by-moment eye tracking and verbal assessment. Sixteen young adults with ASD and 16 neurotypical control participants watched a video depicting a complex communication situation while their eye movements were tracked. The participants also completed a verbal task with questions related to the pragmatic content of the video. We compared verbal task scores and eye movements between groups, and assessed correlations between task performance and eye movements. Individuals with ASD had more difficulty than the controls in interpreting the video, and during two short moments there were significant group differences in eye movements. Additionally, we found significant correlations between verbal task scores and moment-level eye movement in the ASD group, but not among the controls. We concluded that participants with ASD had slight difficulties in understanding the pragmatic content of the video stimulus and attending to social cues, and that the connection between pragmatic understanding and eye movements was more pronounced for participants with ASD than for neurotypical participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Lönnqvist
- Logopedics, Faculty of Humanities, and Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soile Loukusa
- Logopedics, Faculty of Humanities, and Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Mäkinen
- Logopedics, Faculty of Humanities, and Child Language Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Siipo
- Learning Research Laboratory, Research Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eero Väyrynen
- BME Research Group, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pertti Palo
- CASL Research Centre, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Seppo Laukka
- Learning Research Laboratory, Research Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Mämmelä
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Mattila
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Ebeling
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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47
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Hielscher E, Waghorn G. Self-stigma and fears of employment among adults with psychiatric disabilities. Br J Occup Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022617712199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hielscher
- Research Officer, the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Waghorn
- Head of Social Inclusion and Recovery Research, the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), Brisbane, Australia
- Associate Professor (Adjunct), School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Meyhöfer I, Kumari V, Hill A, Petrovsky N, Ettinger U. Sleep deprivation as an experimental model system for psychosis: Effects on smooth pursuit, prosaccades, and antisaccades. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:418-433. [PMID: 28347256 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116675511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current antipsychotic medications fail to satisfactorily reduce negative and cognitive symptoms and produce many unwanted side effects, necessitating the development of new compounds. Cross-species, experimental behavioural model systems can be valuable to inform the development of such drugs. The aim of the current study was to further test the hypothesis that controlled sleep deprivation is a safe and effective model system for psychosis when combined with oculomotor biomarkers of schizophrenia. Using a randomized counterbalanced within-subjects design, we investigated the effects of 1 night of total sleep deprivation in 32 healthy participants on smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), prosaccades (PS), antisaccades (AS), and self-ratings of psychosis-like states. Compared with a normal sleep control night, sleep deprivation was associated with reduced SPEM velocity gain, higher saccadic frequency at 0.2 Hz, elevated PS spatial error, and an increase in AS direction errors. Sleep deprivation also increased intra-individual variability of SPEM, PS, and AS measures. In addition, sleep deprivation induced psychosis-like experiences mimicking hallucinations, cognitive disorganization, and negative symptoms, which in turn had moderate associations with AS direction errors. Taken together, sleep deprivation resulted in psychosis-like impairments in SPEM and AS performance. However, diverging somewhat from the schizophrenia literature, sleep deprivation additionally disrupted PS control. Sleep deprivation thus represents a promising but possibly unspecific experimental model that may be helpful to further improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in the pathophysiology of psychosis and aid the development of antipsychotic and pro-cognitive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Meyhöfer
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veena Kumari
- 2 Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,3 NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antje Hill
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,4 Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Ettinger
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Esfarjani F, Hosseini H, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Abadi A, Roustaee R, Alikhanian H, Khalafi M, Kiaee MF, Khaksar R. Development of a Home Food Safety Questionnaire Based on the PRECEDE Model: Targeting Iranian Women. J Food Prot 2016; 79:2128-2135. [PMID: 28221952 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Food safety is an essential public health issue for all countries. This study was the first attempt to design and develop a home food safety questionnaire (HFSQ), in the conceptual framework of the PRECEDE (predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation) model, and to assess its validity and reliability. The HFSQ was developed by reviewing electronic databases and 12 focus group discussions with 96 women volunteers. Ten panel members reviewed the questionnaire, and the content validity ratio and content validity index were computed. Twenty women completed the HFSQ, and face validity was assessed. Women who were responsible for food handling in their households (n =320) were selected randomly from 10 health centers and completed the HFSQ based on the PRECEDE model. To examine the construct validity, a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation was used. Internal consistency was determined with Cronbach's α. Reproducibility was checked by Kendall's τ after 4 weeks with 30 women. The developed HSFQ was considered acceptable with a content validity index of 0.88. Face validity revealed that 95% of the participants understood the questions and found them easy to answer, and 90% confirmed the appearance of the HFSQ and declared the layout acceptable. Principal component factor analysis revealed that the HFSQ could explain 33.7, 55.3, 34.8, and 60.0% of the total variance of the predisposing, reinforcing, practice, and enabling components, respectively. Cronbach's α was acceptable at 0.73. For Kendall's τc, r = 0.89, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.85 to 0.93. The HFSQ developed based on the PRECEDE model met the standards of acceptable reliability and validity, which can be generalized to a wider population. These results can provide information for the development of effective communication strategies to promote home food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Roustaee
- Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Alikhanian
- Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Khalafi
- Department of Food, Nutrition Policy, and Planning Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Khaksar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bishara AJ, Hittner JB. Reducing Bias and Error in the Correlation Coefficient Due to Nonnormality. EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT 2015; 75:785-804. [PMID: 29795841 PMCID: PMC5965513 DOI: 10.1177/0013164414557639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
It is more common for educational and psychological data to be nonnormal than to be approximately normal. This tendency may lead to bias and error in point estimates of the Pearson correlation coefficient. In a series of Monte Carlo simulations, the Pearson correlation was examined under conditions of normal and nonnormal data, and it was compared with its major alternatives, including the Spearman rank-order correlation, the bootstrap estimate, the Box-Cox transformation family, and a general normalizing transformation (i.e., rankit), as well as to various bias adjustments. Nonnormality caused the correlation coefficient to be inflated by up to +.14, particularly when the nonnormality involved heavy-tailed distributions. Traditional bias adjustments worsened this problem, further inflating the estimate. The Spearman and rankit correlations eliminated this inflation and provided conservative estimates. Rankit also minimized random error for most sample sizes, except for the smallest samples (n = 10), where bootstrapping was more effective. Overall, results justify the use of carefully chosen alternatives to the Pearson correlation when normality is violated.
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