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Sabran A, Kumolosasi E, Jantan I, Jamal JA, Azmi N, Jasamai M. Induction of cell death and modulation of Annexin A1 by phytoestrogens in human leukemic cell lines. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 29:73-84. [PMID: 33603542 PMCID: PMC7873750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic plant compounds which are structurally similar to the endogenous mammalian estrogen, 17β-estradiol. Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an endogenous protein which inhibits cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) and phospholipase A2, signal transduction, DNA replication, cell transformation, and mediation of apoptosis. Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of selected phytoestrogens on annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression, mode of cell death and cell cycle arrest in different human leukemic cell lines. Methods Cells viability were examined by MTT assay and ANXA1 quantification via Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometer and phagocytosis effect was evaluated using haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Coumestrol significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total level of ANXA1 in both K562 and U937 cells and genistein significantly (p < 0.05) reduced it in K562, Jurkat and U937 cells, meanwhile estradiol and daidzein induced similar reduction in U937 and Jurkat cells. Coumestrol and daidzein induced apoptosis in K562 and Jurkat cells, while genistein and estradiol induced apoptosis in all tested cells. Coumestrol and estradiol induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in K562 and Jurkat cells with an addition of U937 cells for estradiol. Genistein induced cell cycle arrest at S phase for both K562 and Jurkat cells. However, daidzein induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase in K562, and G2/M phase of Jurkat cells. Coumestrol, genistein and estradiol induced phagocytosis in all tested cells but daidzein induced significant (p < 0.05) phagocytosis in K562 and Jurkat cells only. Conclusion The selected phytoestrogens induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and phagocytosis and at the same time they reduced ANXA1 level in the tested cells. The IC50 value of phytoestrogens was undetectable at the concentrations tested, their ability to induce leukemic cells death may be related with their ability to reduce the levels of ANXA1. These findings can be used as a new approach in cancer treatment particularly in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affidah Sabran
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Endang Kumolosasi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jamia Azdina Jamal
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazrina Azmi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Malina Jasamai
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Effects of annexin A1 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human leukemic cell lines. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:75-86. [PMID: 31259717 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that annexin A1 (ANXA1) promotes apoptosis in cancerous cells. This study aims to investigate the effects of ANXA1 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in K562, Jurkat and U937 cells and peripheral blood mononu-clear cells (PBMC). Cells were treated with ANXA1 and cyclophosphamide prior to flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induction. At 2.5µM, ANXA1 induced significant apoptosis in K562 (p ≤ 0.001) and U937 (p ≤ 0.05) cells, with EC50 values of 3.6 and 3.8 µM, respectively. In Jurkat cells, induction was not significant (EC50, 17.0 µM). No significant apoptosis induction was observed in PBMC. ANXA1 caused cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in K562 and U937 cells with p ≤ 0.001 for both, and (p ≤ 0.01) for Jurkat cells. ANXA1 induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in K562 and U937 cells, causing only cell cycle arrest in Jurkat cells.
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Influenza A virus enhances its propagation through the modulation of Annexin-A1 dependent endosomal trafficking and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1243-56. [PMID: 26943321 PMCID: PMC4946891 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus infects millions of people each year and can result in severe complications. Understanding virus recognition and host responses to influenza infection will enable future development of more effective anti-viral therapies. Previous research has revealed diverse yet important roles for the annexin family of proteins in modulating the course of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. However, the role of Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) in IAV infection has not been addressed. Here, we show that ANXA1 deficient mice exhibit a survival advantage, and lower viral titers after infection. This was accompanied with enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration during IAV infection. ANXA1 expression is increased during influenza infection clinically, in vivo and in vitro. The presence of ANXA1 enhances viral replication, influences virus binding, and enhances endosomal trafficking of the virus to the nucleus. ANXA1 colocalizes with early and late endosomes near the nucleus, and enhances nuclear accumulation of viral nucleoprotein. In addition, ANXA1 enhances IAV-mediated apoptosis. Overall, our study demonstrates that ANXA1 plays an important role in influenza virus replication and propagation through various mechanisms and that we predict that the regulation of ANXA1 expression during IAV infection may be a viral strategy to enhance its infectivity.
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Annexin-A1 controls an ERK-RhoA-NFκB activation loop in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 461:47-53. [PMID: 25866182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is critical for normal development and pathological processes including cancer cell metastasis. MAPK, Rho-GTPases and NFκB are important regulators of wound healing, but mechanisms for their integration are incompletely understood. Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) is upregulated in invasive breast cancer cells resulting in constitutive activation of NFκB. We show here that silencing ANXA1 increases the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions, which may inhibit wound healing. ANXA1 regulated wound healing is dependent on the activation of ERK1/2. ANXA1 increases the activation of RhoA, which is dependent on ERK activation. Furthermore, active RhoA is important in NF-κB activation, where constitutively active RhoA potentiates NFκB activation, while dominant negative RhoA inhibits NFκB activation in response to CXCL12 stimulation and active MEKK plasmids. These findings establish a central role for ANXA1 in the cell migration through the activation of NFκB, ERK1/2 and RhoA.
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Spurr L, Nadkarni S, Pederzoli-Ribeil M, Goulding NJ, Perretti M, D'Acquisto F. Comparative analysis of Annexin A1-formyl peptide receptor 2/ALX expression in human leukocyte subsets. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:55-66. [PMID: 20974309 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have associated the dysregulated expression of Annexin-A1/Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) system with the development of autoimmune diseases. In this study we systematically scanned human leukocyte subsets for the presence of this pathway aiming to provide a roadmap that will help investigators to explore possible links between the development of immune related disorders and the expression of this system. Our results show that neutrophils, monocytes and NK cells express higher levels of both AnxA1 and FPR2/ALX compared to T or B cells. Further analysis of specific T cell subsets revealed higher levels in activated CD25(+) and memory CD45RO CD4 T cells compared to resting CD25(-) or naïve CD45RA CD4 T cells. Together the results expand our knowledge of the AnxA1-FPR2/ALX system in immune cells and provide new avenues for investigation into the functions of this signalling pathway in systems other than that classically described for neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Spurr
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Wong CM, Marcocci L, Liu L, Suzuki YJ. Cell signaling by protein carbonylation and decarbonylation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:393-404. [PMID: 19686045 PMCID: PMC2823370 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as mediators of signal transduction. However, mechanisms of how ROS influence the target molecules to elicit signaling event have not been defined. Our laboratory recently accumulated evidence for the role of protein carbonylation in the mechanism of ROS signaling. This concept originated from experiments in which pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were treated with endothelin-1 to understand the mechanism of cell growth. Endothelin-1 was found to promote protein carbonylation in an endothelin receptor- and Fenton reaction-dependent manner. Mass spectrometry identified proteins that are carbonylated in response to endothelin-1, including annexin A1. Our experiments generated a hypothesis that endothelin-1-mediated carbonylation and subsequent degradation of annexin A1 promote cell growth. This mechanism was found also to occur in response to other signaling activators such as serotonin and platelet-derived growth factor in smooth muscle cells of pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, and the airway, as well as in cardiac muscle cells, suggesting the universal role of this pathway. We also discovered a process of decarbonylation that defines transient kinetics of carbonylation signals in certain conditions. We propose that protein carbonylation and decarbonylation serve as a mechanism of signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ming Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yuichiro J. Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
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Seifert O, Bayat A, Geffers R, Dienus K, Buer J, Löfgren S, Matussek A. Identification of unique gene expression patterns within different lesional sites of keloids. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 16:254-65. [PMID: 18282266 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2007.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Keloid disease is a significant clinical problem, especially in black populations, with an estimated incidence of 4-16%. Keloids are fibroproliferative dermal tumors developing as a result of deregulated wound healing. The dynamic nature of keloids is illustrated by clinical regression in the center, while the margin remains active growing into the surrounding healthy skin. Therefore, the gene expression profiles of fibroblasts from different sites of the keloids were characterized using Affymetrix microarrays covering the whole human genome. This study revealed 105 genes that were differentially regulated (79 genes were up-regulated and 26 down-regulated) in a unique gene expression profile in different sites of keloids where progression or regression of the process was in progress. The apoptosis inhibitor AVEN was found to be up-regulated at the active margin of keloids, while apoptosis-inducing genes such as ADAM12 and genes inducing extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation such as matrix metalloproteinase-19 were up-regulated in the regressing keloid center. We identified genes previously not described in the development of keloids. Activating proapoptotic genes or inhibiting ECM-inducing genes as INHBA or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 might be possible target genes for new treatment strategies for keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seifert
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköpings University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Tabe Y, Jin L, Contractor R, Gold D, Ruvolo P, Radke S, Xu Y, Tsutusmi-Ishii Y, Miyake K, Miyake N, Kondo S, Ohsaka A, Nagaoka I, Andreeff M, Konopleva M. Novel role of HDAC inhibitors in AML1/ETO AML cells: activation of apoptosis and phagocytosis through induction of annexin A1. Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1443-56. [PMID: 17464329 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The chimeric fusion protein AML1-ETO, created by the t(8;21) translocation, recruits histone deacetylase (HDAC) to AML1-dependent promoters, resulting in transcriptional repression of the target genes. We analyzed the transcriptional changes in t(8;21) Kasumi-1 AML cells in response to the HDAC inhibitors, depsipeptide (FK228) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), which induced marked growth inhibition and apoptosis. Using cDNA array, annexin A1 (ANXA1) was identified as one of the FK228-induced genes. Induction of ANXA1 mRNA was associated with histone acetylation in ANXA1 promoter and reversal of the HDAC-dependent suppression of C/EBPalpha by AML1-ETO with direct recruitment of C/EBPalpha to ANXA1 promoter. This led to increase in the N-terminal cleaved isoform of ANXA1 protein and accumulation of ANXA1 on cell membrane. Neutralization with anti-ANXA1 antibody or gene silencing with ANXA1 siRNA inhibited FK228-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the upregulation of endogenous ANXA1 promotes cell death. FK228-induced ANXA1 expression was associated with massive increase in cell attachment and engulfment of Kasumi-1 cells by human THP-1-derived macrophages, which was completely abrogated with ANXA1 knockdown via siRNA transfection or ANXA1 neutralization. These findings identify a novel mechanism of action of HDAC inhibitors, which induce the expression and externalization of ANXA1 in leukemic cells, which in turn mediates the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Annexin A1/biosynthesis
- Annexin A1/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Depsipeptides/pharmacology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vorinostat
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tabe
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Abstract
The annexin superfamily consists of 13 calcium or calcium and phospholipid binding proteins with a significant degree of biological and structural homology (40-60%). First described in the late 1970s and subsequently referred to as macrocortin, renocortin, lipomodulin, lipocortin-1, and more recently Annexin 1, this 37 kDa calcium and phospholipid binding protein is a strong inhibitor of glucocorticoid-induced eicosanoid synthesis and PLA2. Recent interest in the biological activity of this intriguing molecule has unraveled important functional attributes of Annexin 1 in a variety of inflammatory pathways, on cell proliferation machinery, in the regulation of cell death signaling, in phagocytic clearance of apoptosing cells, and most importantly in the process of carcinogenesis. Here we attempt to present a short review on these diverse biological activities of an interesting and important molecule, which could be a potential target for novel therapeutic intervention in a host of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina H K Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
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10
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Silistino-Souza R, Rodrigues-Lisoni FC, Cury PM, Maniglia JV, Raposo LS, Tajara EH, Christian HC, Oliani SM. Annexin 1: Differential expression in tumor and mast cells in human larynx cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2582-9. [PMID: 17340616 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Annexin 1 protein (ANXA1) expression was evaluated in tumor and mast cells in human larynx cancer and control epithelium. The effect of the exogenous ANXA1 (peptide Ac 2-26) was also examined during the cellular growth of the Hep-2 human larynx epidermoid carcinoma cell line. This peptide inhibited the proliferation of the Hep-2 cells within 144 hr. In surgical tissue specimens from 20 patients with larynx cancer, ultrastructural immunocytochemistry analysis showed in vivo down-regulation of ANXA1 expression in the tumor and increased in mast cells and Hep-2 cells treated with peptide Ac2-26. Combined in vivo and in vitro analysis demonstrated that ANXA1 plays a regulatory role in laryngeal cancer cell growth. We believe that a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ANXA1 in tumor and mast cells may lead to future biological targets for the therapeutic intervention of human larynx cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Silistino-Souza
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Spreafico A, Frediani B, Capperucci C, Chellini F, Paffetti A, D'Ambrosio C, Bernardini G, Mini R, Collodel G, Scaloni A, Marcolongo R, Santucci A. A proteomic study on human osteoblastic cells proliferation and differentiation. Proteomics 2006; 6:3520-32. [PMID: 16705754 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in expression profiles for 17 proteins were ascertained in human mature osteoblasts compared to pre-osteoblasts (differentiation markers). A differential approach was used to highlight proteomic changes between human osteosarcoma cells and mature osteoblasts, showing a relative over-expression of 8 proteins (proliferation and tumor indicators), as well as under-expression of proteins also found down-regulated in pre-osteoblasts (specific markers of osteoblast differentiation). Our findings confirmed the differences between cell lines and primary human cell cultures and suggested caution on the use of osteosarcoma to study anti-osteoporotic drugs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Spreafico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Scienze Immunologiche, Policlinico Le Scotte, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
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12
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Visser-van Balen H, Geenen R, Moerbeek M, Stroop R, Kamp GA, Huisman J, Wit JM, Sinnema G. Psychosocial Functioning of Adolescents with Idiopathic Short Stature or Persistent Short Stature Born Small for Gestational Age during Three Years of Combined Growth Hormone and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment. Horm Res Paediatr 2005; 64:77-87. [PMID: 16113582 DOI: 10.1159/000087700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine psychosocial functioning of medically referred adolescents with idiopathic short stature (ISS) or persistent short stature born small for gestational age (SGA) during 3 years of combined growth hormone (GH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment. METHODS Thirty-eight adolescents participated in a controlled trial with GH/GnRHa treatment or no intervention. Each year the adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires and structured interviews. Multilevel analysis was used to analyze data. RESULTS The adolescents of the treatment group showed a worse outcome than the adolescents of the control group on 3 of 16 variables: perceived competence of scholastic (p < 0.01) and athletic ability (p < 0.05) and trait anxiety (p < 0.05). Adolescents in both the treatment and control groups perceived improved current height (p < 0.001) and self-appraisal of physical appearance (p < 0.05). The parents did not report changes in their children during treatment. CONCLUSION The observation of some adverse psychological consequences as experienced by the adolescents indicates that it is useful to monitor psychosocial functioning during a combined GH/GnRHa treatment in adolescents with ISS or SGA. It is uncertain whether the hypothesized positive effects of the expected gain in final height by adulthood can sufficiently counterbalance possible short-term negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke Visser-van Balen
- Department of Pediatric Psychology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, The Netherlands.
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Lu Z, Hu L, Evers S, Chen J, Shen Y. Differential expression profiling of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and healthy pancreatic tissue. Proteomics 2005; 4:3975-88. [PMID: 15526344 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to poor prognosis and lack of effective treatment, pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is a devastating disease. With the goal of contributing to an improved detection, prevention and treatment of the disease, a comparative proteome analysis of PC and normal tissue was carried out. Paired tissue extracts from 12 patients (pancreatic adenocarcinoma and adjacent healthy tissue) were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Differential protein expression was analyzed by gel comparison with the help of image analysis software. The differentially expressed spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Seventy proteins were more strongly expressed (mostly two-fold or more) in cancerous tissue, while 41 were stronger in normal pancreas respectively. Those spots highly expressed in PC were confirmed in gels from independent individual samples. Among them were several cytoskeletal proteins, small GTP-binding proteins, and members of the S100 protein family etc. Nine proteins had been reported in previous nuclear acid-based studies. The levels of two proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. One of them, fascin, was detected in 13 out of 21 carcinoma and negative in all normal pancreas samples. Moreover, fascin expression was related to the differentiation of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoHui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Titos E, Clària J, Planagumà A, López-Parra M, Villamor N, Párrizas M, Carrió A, Miquel R, Jiménez W, Arroyo V, Rivera F, Rodés J. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis in rat Kupffer cells: implications for liver fibrosis. FASEB J 2003; 17:1745-7. [PMID: 12958196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1157fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The existence of an increased number of Kupffer cells is recognized as critical in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade leading to liver fibrosis. Because 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) is a key regulator of cell growth and survival, in the current investigation we assessed whether inhibition of the 5-LO pathway would reduce the excessive number of Kupffer cells and attenuate inflammation and fibrosis in experimental liver disease. Kupffer cells were the only liver cell type endowed with a metabolically active 5-LO pathway (i.e., expressed mRNAs for 5-LO, 5-LO-activating protein [FLAP], and leukotriene [LT] C4 synthase and generated LTB4 and cysteinyl-LTs). Both the selective 5-LO inhibitor AA861 and the FLAP inhibitor BAY-X-1005 markedly reduced the number of Kupffer cells in culture. The antiproliferative properties of AA861 and BAY-X-1005 were associated with the occurrence of condensed nuclei, fragmented DNA, and changes in DNA content and cell cycle frequency distribution consistent with an apoptotic process. In vivo, in carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, BAY-X-1005 had a significant antifibrotic effect and reduced liver damage and the hepatic content of hydroxyproline. Together, these findings indicate a novel mechanism by which inactivation of the 5-LO pathway could disrupt the sequence of events leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Titos
- DNA Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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15
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Debret R, El Btaouri H, Duca L, Rahman I, Radke S, Haye B, Sallenave JM, Antonicelli F. Annexin A1 processing is associated with caspase-dependent apoptosis in BZR cells. FEBS Lett 2003; 546:195-202. [PMID: 12832039 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are widely distributed and have been described in lung as well as in other cells and tissues. Annexin I (ANX AI) is a member of the calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein family. Besides its anti-inflammatory function, ANX AI has been involved in several mechanisms such as the Erk repression pathway or apoptosis. To investigate the role of ANX AI on apoptosis in broncho-alveolar cells, we have constructed a plasmid containing the ANX AI full length cDNA. Transfected BZR cells displayed a higher level of both forms of ANX AI (37 and 33 kDa) as well as a decrease in cell viability (two-fold versus cells transfected with an empty vector). In order to analyse the endogenous ANX AI processing during stimulus-induced apoptosis, BZR cells were treated with a commonly used inducer, i.e. C2 ceramides. In these conditions, microscopic analysis revealed chromatin condensation in dying cells and the Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L)/Bax mRNA balance was altered. Caspase-3 is one of the key executioners of apoptosis, being responsible for the cleavage of many proteins such as the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We demonstrate that caspase-3 was activated after 4 h treatment in the presence of ceramide leading to the cleavage of PARP. Dose-response experiments revealed that cell morphology and viability modifications following ceramide treatment were accompanied by an increase in endogenous ANX AI processing. Interestingly, in both ceramide and transfection experiments, the ANX AI cleaved form was enhanced whereas pre-treatment with the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk abolished ANX AI cleavage. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a complex regulatory role of caspase-dependent apoptosis where ANX AI is processed at the N-terminal region which could give susceptibility to apoptosis upon ceramide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Debret
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CNRS FRE 2534, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, Moulin de la Housse, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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Xia SH, Hu LP, Hu H, Ying WT, Xu X, Cai Y, Han YL, Chen BS, Wei F, Qian XH, Cai YY, Shen Y, Wu M, Wang MR. Three isoforms of annexin I are preferentially expressed in normal esophageal epithelia but down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Oncogene 2002; 21:6641-8. [PMID: 12242662 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2001] [Revised: 06/19/2002] [Accepted: 06/28/2002] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of human cancer are believed to be due to the alterations of multiple genes or/and their protein products. For identifying the proteins associated with esophageal cancer, we analysed the protein profiles of 24 pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas/matched adjacent normal epithelia. Microdissection of routinely unstained frozen sections was performed to purify cancerous and epithelial cells. The protein expression profiles were obtained by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selected proteins dysregulated in tumors were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Three isoforms of annexin I were detected in normal esophageal mucosa and down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. RT-PCR analysis showed annexin I mRNA levels were significantly reduced in 17 out of 24 carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that annexin I appeared strong positive in all normal epithelia layers except basal cells. In cancer tissues, decreased expression of annexin I was observed in 12 out of 16 well differentiated tumors, 16 out of 17 moderately differentiated tumors, and 3 out of 3 poorly differentiated tumors as compared with the corresponding normal esophageal epithelia. There was a significant correlation between annexin I expression and the status of tumor differentiation. Well differentiated tumors presented stronger immunohistochemical reaction than moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. These data suggested that there existed three different isoforms of annexin I in normal esophageal epithelia, which may be the results of post-translational modification. Down-expression of three annexin I isoforms was a frequent event in esophageal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Xia
- National Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
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18
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Perretti M, Ingegnoli F, Wheller SK, Blades MC, Solito E, Pitzalis C. Annexin 1 modulates monocyte-endothelial cell interaction in vitro and cell migration in vivo in the human SCID mouse transplantation model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:2085-92. [PMID: 12165536 PMCID: PMC4340507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.4.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the glucocorticoid inducible protein annexin 1 (ANXA1) on the process of monocytic cell migration was studied using transfected U937 cells expressing variable protein levels. An antisense (AS) (36.4AS; approximately 50% less ANXA1) and a sense (S) clone (15S; overexpressing the bioactive 24-kDa fragment) together with the empty plasmid CMV clone were obtained and compared with wild-type U937 cells in various models of cell migration in vitro and in vivo. 15S-transfected U937 cells displayed a reduced (50%) degree of trans-endothelial migration in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)). In addition, the inhibitory role of endogenous ANXA1 on U937 cell migration in vitro was confirmed by the potentiating effect of a neutralizing anti-ANXA1 serum. Importantly, overexpression of ANXA1 in clone 15S inhibited the extent of cell migration into rheumatoid synovial grafts transplanted into SCID mice. ANXA1 inhibitory effects were not due to modifications in adhesion molecule or CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) expression as shown by the similar amounts of surface molecules found in transfected and wild-type U937 cells. Likewise, an equal chemotactic response to CXCL12 in vitro excluded an intrinsic defect in cell motility in clones 15S and 36.4AS. These data strongly support the notion that ANXA1 critically interferes with a leukocyte endothelial step essential for U937 cell, and possibly monocyte, transmigration both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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19
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Engidawork E, Balic N, Juranville JF, Fountoulakis M, Dierssen M, Lubec G. Unaltered expression of Fas (CD95/APO-1), caspase-3, Bcl-2 and annexins in brains of fetal Down syndrome: evidence against increased apoptosis. JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION. SUPPLEMENTUM 2002:149-62. [PMID: 11771740 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6262-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the mechanism by which cells are programmed to die under a wide range of physiological and developmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that enhanced apoptosis (programmed cell death) in Down syndrome (DS) may play a role in mental retardation and precocious neurodegeneration of the Alzheimer-type. In this regard, alteration of several apoptosis related proteins have been reported in adult DS brain. Fetal DS neurons exhibited increased reactive oxygen species leading to early apoptosis, however, expression of apoptosis related proteins in fetal DS, has never been considered. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis including Fas (CD95, APO-1), caspase-3, Bcl-2 and annexins in the cerebral cortex of control and DS fetal brain by western blot and two dimensional electrophoresis. Here, we report that no detectable changes were obtained in fetal DS brain in the expression of Fas, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Annexins (I, II, V, and VI) compared to controls. In parallel experiment, we also examined the expression of neuron specific enolase (NSE), a neuronal marker found to be decreased in adult DS brain, to see if there is any neuronal loss and no difference was observed between the two groups. Protein expression did not correlate with age. The unchanged levels of Fas, Bcl-2 and annexins together with unaltered caspase-3 expression, a predominant caspase that executes apoptosis in the developing nervous system, suggest that enhanced apoptosis may not be apparent in fetal DS brain as demonstrated for adult DS brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Engidawork
- Department of Pediatrics, AKH, University of Vienna, Austria
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20
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Hester SD, Benavides GB, Sartor M, Yoon L, Wolf DC, Morgan KT. Normal gene expression in male F344 rat nasal transitional and respiratory epithelium. Gene 2002; 285:301-10. [PMID: 12039058 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The nasal epithelium is an important target site for chemically-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity in rodents. Gene expression profiles were determined in order to provide normal baseline data for nasal transitional/respiratory epithelium from healthy rats. Cells lining the rat nasal passages were collected and gene expression analysis was performed using Clontech cDNA Rat Atlas 1.2 arrays (1185 genes). The percentages of genes within specific average expression ranges were 4.2% at 45,000-1000, 14.8% at 1000-200, 25.0% at 200-68, and 56.0% below 68. Nine out of a subset of ten genes were confirmed for relative signal intensity using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The most highly expressed genes included those involved in phase I (e.g. cytochrome P450s) and phase II (e.g. glutathione S-transferases) xenobiotic metabolism, bioenergetics (e.g. cytochrome oxidase), osmotic balance (e.g. Na(+)/K(+) ATPase) and epithelial ionic homeostasis (e.g. ion channels). Such baseline data will contribute to further understanding the normal physiology of these cells and facilitate the interpretation of responses by the nasal epithelial cells to xenobiotic treatment or disease.
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Solito E, de Coupade C, Canaider S, Goulding NJ, Perretti M. Transfection of annexin 1 in monocytic cells produces a high degree of spontaneous and stimulated apoptosis associated with caspase-3 activation. Br J Pharmacol 2001; 133:217-28. [PMID: 11350857 PMCID: PMC1572776 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfection of the pre-monomyelocytic U937 cell line with a plasmid coding for full-length annexin 1 (ANX1, 347 amino acid) leads to cell death by promoting apoptosis. In addition, over-expression of the N-terminal and the first domain of the protein (144 amino acids, clone ANX1-S), which does not contain the Ca2+ binding sites, gives susceptibility to cell apoptosis following activation by either 5 ng ml(-1) tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or 1 - 40 microg ml-1 etoposide. This was demonstrated by using the fluorescent labelled annexin V, cell cycle and nuclear staining analyses. Transfection with an empty plasmid (clone CMV) or with a plasmid carrying the cDNA antisense for ANX1 (clone ANX1-AS) did not alter U937 cells to the degree of apoptosis promoted by either stimulant. Treatment of CMV U937 cells with TNF-alpha increased ANX1 mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner, with maximal increases at 3 and 6 h, respectively. Clone ANX1-S showed higher constitutive (more than 2 fold) and activated caspase-3 activity, associated with higher phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity (in the region of +50 - 100%), whereas expression of cytosolic PLA2 Bax and Bcl-2 were similar in all cell clones, as determined by Western blotting. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a complex regulatory role of cell apoptosis for ANX1, at least with regards to cells of the myelo-monocytic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Solito
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, London
| | | | | | | | - Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, London
- Author for correspondence:
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