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Li Y, Zhao X, Wang J, Yu Q, Ren J, Jiang Z, Jiao L. Characterization and anti-aging activities of polysaccharide from Rana dybowskii Guenther. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370631. [PMID: 38606177 PMCID: PMC11007062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rana dybowskii Guenther (RDG), as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to have antioxidant effects. However, studies on the anti-aging effect of RDG are still limited. Methods: In this study, we prepared polysaccharides from the skin of RDG (RDGP) by hot water extraction, alcohol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. The proteins were removed using the Sevage method in combination with an enzymatic method. The structural features were analyzed using high-performance gel permeation chromatography, β-elimination reaction and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The anti-aging effect of RDGP was investigated by using D-Gal to establish an aging model in mice, and pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed under a microscope. Results: We obtained the crude polysaccharide DGP from the skin of RDG, with a yield of 61.8%. The free protein was then removed by the Sevage method to obtain DGPI and deproteinated by enzymatic hydrolysis combined with the Sevage method to further remove the bound protein to obtain the high-purity polysaccharide DGPII. Then, DGPIa (1.03 × 105 Da) and DGPIIa (8.42 × 104 Da) were obtained by gel chromatography, monosaccharide composition analysis showed that they were composed of Man, GlcA, GalNAc, Glc, Gal, Fuc with molar ratios of 1: 4.22 : 1.55: 0.18 : 8.05: 0.83 and 0.74 : 1.78: 1: 0.28: 5.37 : 0.36, respectively. The results of the β-elimination reaction indicated the presence of O-glycopeptide bonds in DGPIa. The Morris water maze test indicated that mice treated with DGPIIa exhibited a significantly shorter escape latency and increased time spent in the target quadrant as well as an increase in the number of times they traversed the platform. Pathologic damage to the hippocampus was alleviated in brain tissue stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In addition, DGPIIa enhanced the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and inhibited the level of MDA in the serum and brain tissues of aging mice. Discussion: These results suggest that RDGP has potential as a natural antioxidant and provide useful scientific information for anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziye Jiang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Jiao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Cui J, Song W, Jin Y, Xu H, Fan K, Lin D, Hao Z, Lin J. Research Progress on the Mechanism of the Acupuncture Regulating Neuro-Endocrine-Immune Network System. Vet Sci 2021; 8:149. [PMID: 34437474 PMCID: PMC8402722 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8080149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the conventional treatment methods, acupuncture is an indispensable component of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Currently, acupuncture has been partly accepted throughout the world, but the mechanism of acupuncture is still unclear. Since the theory of the neuro-endocrine-immune network was put forward, new insights have been brought into the understanding of the mechanism of acupuncture. Studies have proven that acupuncture is a mechanical stimulus that can activate local cell functions and neuroreceptors. It also regulates the release of related biomolecules (peptide hormones, lipid hormones, neuromodulators and neurotransmitters, and other small and large biomolecules) in the microenvironment, where they can affect each other and further activate the neuroendocrine-immune network to achieve holistic regulation. Recently, growing efforts have been made in the research on the mechanism of acupuncture. Some researchers have transitioned from studying the mechanism of acupuncture as a single linear pathway to using systems approaches, including metabolomics, genomics, proteomics and biological pathway analysis. This review summarizes the research progress on the neuro-endocrine-immune network related mechanism of acupuncture and discusses its current challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanrong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Huihao Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Degui Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (J.C.); (W.S.); (Y.J.); (H.X.); (K.F.); (D.L.)
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, Beijing 100193, China
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3
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Immune-enhancing effects of gamma-irradiated sericin. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:969-976. [PMID: 32582459 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma radiation changes the molecular structure and activity of proteins, which in turn changes their physiological effects. Sericin, one of the silk peptides, has beneficial effects to humans such as inducing apoptosis, acting as an anti-oxidant. The effects of gamma irradiation on the physiological activity of fibroin have been studied, but its effects on sericin alone have not yet been established. In this study, we assessed the effects of gamma irradiation on sericin (I-sericin) in regard to its inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that I-sericin (5 kGy) significantly increased nitric oxide production, proliferation of immune cells, and effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. The mice were fed I-sericin for 4 weeks and treated with LPS; they exhibited significantly increased proliferation of lymphocytes, activation of NK cells and decreased secretion of inflammatory cytokines These results suggest gamma-irradiated I-sericin as a valuable functional food supplement by immune-enhancing and anti-inflammation effects.
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4
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Wang R, Zhang Y, Shan F. Interaction of opioid growth factor (OGF) and opioid antagonist and their significance in cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Sun NX, Liu HP, Liu XH, Zhang Y, Liu XQ, Wang S, Xu XX, Tian WT. Immunological activities of polysaccharide extracted fromElaeagnus angustifolia L. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2018.1516240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-tan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Fan Z, Zhou X, Geng L, Wang Z, Regenstein JM, Xia Z. Chemical Synthesis of Sulfated Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Glucans and Their In Vivo Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081266. [PMID: 28788075 PMCID: PMC6152352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of sulfation of yeast glucans was optimized using response surface methodology. The degree of sulfation was evaluated from 0.11 to 0.75 using ion-chromatography. The structural characteristics of SYG (sulfation of yeast glucans) with a DS = 0.75 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/gel-permeation chromatography and finally by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The SYG had lower viscosity and greater solubility than the native yeast glucans, suggesting that the conformation of the SYG had significantly changed. The results also showed that SYG had a significantly greater antioxidant activity in vivo compared to native yeast glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ziluan Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xintao Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Lin Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA.
| | - Zhiqiang Xia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
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Zhao D, Plotnikoff N, Griffin N, Song T, Shan F. Methionine enkephalin, its role in immunoregulation and cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 37:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gein SV, Baeva TA. Endogenous opioid peptides in regulation of innate immunity cell functions. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:309-19. [PMID: 21568865 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides comprise a group of bioregulatory factors involved in regulation of functional activity of various physiological systems of an organism. One of most important functions of endogenous opioids is their involvement in the interaction between cells of the nervous and immune systems. Summary data on the effects of opioid peptides on regulation of functions of innate immunity cells are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Gein
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia.
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9
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Shan F, Xia Y, Wang N, Meng J, Lu C, Meng Y, Plotnikoff NP. Functional modulation of the pathway between dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+T cells by the neuropeptide: methionine enkephalin (MENK). Peptides 2011; 32:929-37. [PMID: 21335041 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MENK, the endogenous neuropeptide, is suggested to be involved in the regulatory loop between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, with modulation of various functions of cells related to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Our present research findings show that MENK serves as an immune modulator to the pathway between DCs and CD4+T cells. We studied changes of DCs in key surface molecules, the activity of acid phosphatases (ACPs), the production of IL-12, and the effects on murine CD4+T cell expansion and their cytokine production by MENK alone, and in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In fact, we found that MENK could markedly induce the maturation of DCs through the addition of surface molecules such as MHC class II, CD86, and CD40 on murine DCs, the production of IL-12, and the down-regulation of ACP inside DCs, (which occurs when phagocytosis of DCs is decreased, and antigen presentation increased with maturation). We also found that MENK alone or in combination with IL-2 or IFN-γ, could markedly up-regulate both CD4+T cell expansion and the CD4 molecule expression in vivo and in vitro and that MENK alone, or MENK+IL-2, could enhance the production of interferon-γ from CD4+T cells. Moreover, MENK alone, or MENK+IFN-γ, could enhance the production of IL-2 from CD4+T cells. It is therefore concluded that MENK can exert positive modulation to the pathway between dendritic cells and CD4+T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Shan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 92, North Second Road, Heping District, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Zhang H, Wang ZY, Zhang Z, Wang X. Purified Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide (AAP I-a) prevents oxidative stress in an ageing mouse model. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Habibian Dehkordi S, Bigham Sadegh A, Abaspour E, Beigi Brojeni N, Aali E, Sadeghi E. Intravenous administration of tramadol hydrochloride in sheep: a haematological and biochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Wu Q, Tan Z, Liu H, Gao L, Wu S, Luo J, Zhang W, Zhao T, Yu J, Xu X. Chemical characterization of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides and its pharmacological effect on heart antioxidant enzyme activities and left ventricular function in aged mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2010; 46:284-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ryu HS, Kim KO, Kim HS. Effects of Plant Water Extract Codonopsis Lanceolatae on Mouse Immune Cell Activation Ex Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Ryu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ok Kim
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kim
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Lee Y, Park H, Ryu HS, Chun M, Kang S, Kim HS. Effects of Elm Bark (Ulmus davidianavar.japonica) Extracts on the Modulation of Immunocompetence in Mice. J Med Food 2007; 10:118-25. [PMID: 17472475 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulative effects of elm bark extract were studied in vitro by the proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of three kinds of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] by mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured with various fractions (methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) of elm bark extract. Splenocyte proliferation and cell viability of peritoneal macrophages were increased with concentrations of polar fractions, such as butanol and water, in the range of 1-500 microg/mL. Significantly higher levels of the production of all three cytokines were detected with supplementation of methanol extract compared with other fractions. In order to elucidate its effect in vivo, elm bark water extract was orally administrated every other day for 2 weeks. Proliferation of splenocytes and the production capacity of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) by mouse peritoneal macrophages were used as indices for immune activity. Splenocyte proliferation induced by elm bark with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A stimulation was enhanced at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations compared to that of the control group. In the case of cytokines, the highest production of IL-6 and TNF was detected at 500 mg/kg of body weight concentrations. In conclusion, this study suggests through in vitro and in vivo experiments that Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (elm bark) extracts may enhance the immunocompetent properties such as splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production capacity by activated macrophages and have a protective effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuk Lee
- Major in Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kang HJ, Jo C, Kwon JH, Son JH, An BJ, Byun MW. Antioxidant and Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibition Effect of Citrus Pectin-Oligosaccharide Prepared by Irradiation. J Med Food 2006; 9:313-20. [PMID: 17004892 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin was dissolved in deionized distilled water (2%, vol/vol) and irradiated at 20 kGy using a Co-60 gamma ray irradiator. The resulting solution was dialyzed and lyophilized. The samples were separated into three groups to estimate their antioxidant and cancer cell proliferation effects: non-irradiated (0 kGy), irradiated (20 kGy), and dialyzed (20 kGy-F, mol wt <10,000) samples. Antioxidant properties of each treatment was tested by a beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay and electron donating ability and compared for antioxidant index, which indicated that the activity was higher in the order of 20 kGy-F > 20 kGy > 0 kGy. Spleen cell survival effect of the irradiated pectin (20 kGy) and dialyzed (20 kGy-F) samples was higher than the non-irradiated control (0 kGy). The pectins inhibited growth of the cancer cell in the order of 20 kGy- F > 20 kGy > 0 kGy. The Ames test revealed that none of the fractions was mutagenic, and there was no indication of a dose-dependent response for any of the samples. These results suggest that a functional pectin oligosaccharide can be produced by irradiation for the food industry without any chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Jin Kang
- Department of Radiation Food Science and Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, KAERI, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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In vitro and Ex vivo Supplementation of Houttuynia cordata Extract and Immunomodulating Effect in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Stressors can positively or adversely affect immune and inflammatory responses. However, the current understanding of these effects at the cellular and molecular levels is not sufficient to allow prediction of the effects of a particular stressor on a particular immune or inflammatory function. Three complementary conceptual frameworks are presented that may prove useful in developing such an understanding. In addition, specific examples of the action of particular stress mediators on particular immune or inflammatory end points are discussed, and the relationship of these observations to the conceptual frameworks is indicated. Several of the effects discussed are relevant clinically, and the prospects for pharmacological intervention to prevent adverse effects of stressors on the immune system are discussed. Finally, some of the factors that can (sometimes unexpectedly) influence the outcome of stress-immunology studies and some of the pitfalls that continue to make this area of research controversial in some circles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Pruett
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, 71130, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the twenty-third installment of the annual review of research concerning the opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 2000 that studied the behavioral effects of the opiate peptides and antagonists, excluding the purely analgesic effects, although stress-induced analgesia is included. The specific topics covered this year include stress; tolerance and dependence; learning, memory, and reward; eating and drinking; alcohol and other drugs of abuse; sexual activity, pregnancy, and development; mental illness and mood; seizures and other neurological disorders; electrical-related activity; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal, and hepatic function; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Vaccarino
- Department of Psychology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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