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Nicoli F, Cabral-Piccin MP, Papagno L, Gallerani E, Fusaro M, Folcher V, Dubois M, Clave E, Vallet H, Frere JJ, Gostick E, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Toubert A, Dupré L, Boddaert J, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Appay V. Altered Basal Lipid Metabolism Underlies the Functional Impairment of Naive CD8 + T Cells in Elderly Humans. J Immunol 2022; 208:562-570. [PMID: 35031578 PMCID: PMC7615155 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with functional deficits in the naive T cell compartment, which compromise the generation of de novo immune responses against previously unencountered Ags. The mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon have nonetheless remained unclear. We found that naive CD8+ T cells in elderly humans were prone to apoptosis and proliferated suboptimally in response to stimulation via the TCR. These abnormalities were associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism under homeostatic conditions and enhanced levels of basal activation. Importantly, reversal of the bioenergetic anomalies with lipid-altering drugs, such as rosiglitazone, almost completely restored the Ag responsiveness of naive CD8+ T cells. Interventions that favor lipid catabolism may therefore find utility as adjunctive therapies in the elderly to promote vaccine-induced immunity against targetable cancers and emerging pathogens, such as seasonal influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicoli
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France;
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariela P Cabral-Piccin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Laura Papagno
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Université Toulouse III, INSERM UMR1291/CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Victor Folcher
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Marion Dubois
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Vallet
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Justin J Frere
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Emma Gostick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Université de Paris, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et d'Histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Dupré
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Université Toulouse III, INSERM UMR1291/CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse, France
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Boddaert
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France;
- International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR5164, INSERM ERL1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
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Volpe-Chaves CE, Lacerda MLGG, Castilho SB, Fonseca SSO, Saad BAA, Franciscato C, Tibana TK, Nunes TF, Venturini J, de Oliveira SMDVL, Paniago AMM. Vertebral tuberculosis as a paradoxical reaction to the treatment of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20012. [PMID: 32481268 PMCID: PMC7249907 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paradoxical reaction in tuberculosis (TB) is defined as the reappearance of general symptoms, aggravation of pre-existing diseases, or appearance of new lesions despite adequate anti-TB therapy. It may result from the hyperactivity of the immune response, resulting in an intense inflammation. There are few cases of vertebral TB reported as paradoxical reaction, mainly among immunocompetents patients. PATIENT CONCERNS We describe a male immunocompetent patient with confirmed pulmonary and meningeal TB. He was readmitted after 60 days of adequate treatment, with vertebral TB and paravertebral abscess, despite clinical improvement of the other locations. We defined as an uncommon case of a paradoxical reaction, confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular rapid test for TB. DIAGNOSIS Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in cerebrospinal fluid by molecular rapid test (Gene Xpert MTB/ rifampicina method). Sputum research and culture were positive for the same agent. Lumbosacral spine nuclear magnetic resonance revealed bone destruction from T8 to T11, and a paravertebral collection was found. Gene Xpert MTB/rifampicina and culture were positive for M tuberculosis in the drained material of the paravertebral abscess. INTERVENTIONS The paravertebral abscess was drainage by tomography-guided. Treatment with 4 anti-TB drugs was extended for 60 days and 2 anti-TB drugs was maintained for 10 months. There was a complete clinical improvement. OUTCOME After draining the paravertebral abscess, the patient progressively improved and was discharged for outpatient follow-up. He was on antituberculous drugs for 1 year; subsequently, complete resolution of the infection was reported. CONCLUSION Paradoxical reaction may be a difficult diagnosis in immunocompetent patient. Vertebral TB as a paradoxical reaction is an uncommon presentation. Therapeutic failure or resistance to treatment should be ruled out to confirm the diagnosis of paradoxical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Elizabeth Volpe-Chaves
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Bruna Abdul Ahad Saad
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Regional Hospital of Mato Grosso do Sul
| | - Caroline Franciscato
- Graduate Program in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul
- Maria Aparecida Pedrossian University Hospital
| | | | | | - James Venturini
- School of Medicine at Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Nguyen TM, Mandiki SNM, Tran TNT, Larondelle Y, Mellery J, Mignolet E, Cornet V, Flamion E, Kestemont P. Growth performance and immune status in common carp Cyprinus carpio as affected by plant oil-based diets complemented with β-glucan. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 92:288-299. [PMID: 31195114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Omnivorous fish species such as the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are able to biosynthesise long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) from plant oil PUFA precursors, but the influence of the amount and quality of the LC-PUFAs biosynthesised from these oils on the immunocompetence status of the fish has received little attention. This study aims to evaluate whether the conversion of PUFA by carp induces a sufficient biosynthesis of LC-PUFA to maintain a good immunocompetence status in this species. Six iso-nitrogenous (crude protein = 39.1%) and iso-lipidic (crude lipids = 10%) diets containing three different lipid sources (cod liver oil (CLO) as fish oil; linseed oil (LO) and sunflower oil (SFO) as plant oils) were formulated with or without β-glucan supplementation at 0.25 g/kg diet. Juvenile carp (16.3 ± 0.6 g initial body weight) were fed a daily ration of 4% body weight for 9 weeks and then infected at day 64 with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophyla. No significant differences in survival rate, final body weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion rate were observed between diets. After bacterial infection, mortality rate did not differ between fish fed CLO and plant oil-based diets, indicating that the latter oils did not affect the overall immunocompetence status of common carp. Plant oil-based diets did not alter lysozyme activity in healthy and infected fish. No negative effects of plant oils on complement activity (ACH50) were observed in healthy fish, even if both plant oil-based diets induced a decrease in stimulated fish two days after infection. Furthermore, the levels of various immune genes (nk, lys, il-8, pla, pge, alox) were not affected by plant oil-based diets. The expression of pla and pge genes were higher in SFO-fed fish than in CLO ones, indicating that this plant oil rich in linoleic acid (LA) better stimulated the eicosanoid metabolism process than fish oil. In response to β-glucan supplementation, some innate immune functions seemed differentially affected by plant oil-based diets. LO and SFO induced substantial LC-PUFA production, even if fish fed CLO displayed the highest EPA and DHA levels in tissues. SFO rich in LA induced the highest ARA levels in fish muscle while LO rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA) sustained higher EPA production than SFO. A significantly higher fads-6a expression level was observed in SFO fish than in LO ones, but this was not observed for elovl5 expression. In conclusion, the results show that common carp fed plant oil-based diets are able to produce substantial amounts of LC-PUFA for sustaining growth rate, immune status and disease resistance similar to fish fed a fish oil-based diet. The differences in the production capacity of LC-PUFAs by the two plant oil-based diets were associated to a differential activation of some immune pathways, explaining how the use of these oils did not affect the overall immunocompetence of fish challenged with bacterial infection. Moreover, plant oil-based diets did not induce substantial negative effects on the immunomodulatory action of β-glucans, confirming that these oils are suitable for sustaining a good immunocompetence status in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Mai Nguyen
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium; Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Thi Nang Thu Tran
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Yvan Larondelle
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Julie Mellery
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Eric Mignolet
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Enora Flamion
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Belgium.
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Lashkari S, Habibian M, Jensen SK. A Review on the Role of Chromium Supplementation in Ruminant Nutrition-Effects on Productive Performance, Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Status, and Immunocompetence. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:305-321. [PMID: 29594691 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the global herd, the use of metabolic modifiers has become an important area for many researchers looking for a supraphysiological diet to improve production parameters. For improving the performance of high yielding cows, the optimal balance of all nutrients including microminerals is important. Chromium (Cr) is one of the important micronutrients which plays an important role in metabolism of ruminants. Experimental studies have found that Cr could change performance, immune responses, glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and antioxidant status in dairy cows. In some studies, Cr supplementation improved dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition of dairy cows in the early, mid, or late stage of lactation. Also, in some studies, performance of growing animal, immune response, and some blood parameters responded positively to Cr supplementation. In conclusion, the effects of Cr supplementation on performance of ruminants are inconsistent; however, its long-term effects on health, productivity, immune system, and antioxidant activity of ruminants still need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Lashkari
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, PO Box 416, Iran
| | - Søren Krogh Jensen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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Liang SE, Cohen DE, Rieder EA. Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis in the Immunocompetent: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Drugs Dermatol 2018; 17:475-478. [PMID: 29601625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO), which predominantly involves the nail plate from the proximal nail fold, is the rarest form of onychomycosis. Classically associated with an immunocompromised state, PSO is an uncommon diagnosis in individuals without immunodeficiency. We present a case of a healthy 51-year-old man, who presented with a three-month history of white discoloration of multiple toenails. Physical examination revealed white, opaque patches on the proximal third nail plates of multiple toenails. The affected digits also demonstrated proximal onycholysis, subungual debris, and mild paronychia. Laboratory examinations, including routine serologic studies as well as human immunodeficiency virus and antinuclear antibodies, were within normal limits. Proximal nail fragments of the left hallux showed sections of dystrophic nail plate with mounds of parakeratosis, collections of neutrophils, and hyphae that highlighted with periodic acid-Schiff staining. The patient was diagnosed with PSO and tinea pedis bilaterally and treated with oral fluconazole with gradual improvement. This case of PSO highlights the potential for its rare occurrence in a healthy host. However, the clinical presentation of PSO should trigger an evaluation for possible immunodeficiency. <p><em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(4):475-478.</em></p>.
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Milotic D, Milotic M, Koprivnikar J. Effects of road salt on larval amphibian susceptibility to parasitism through behavior and immunocompetence. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 189:42-49. [PMID: 28582700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of road salts are used for de-icing in temperate climates but often leach into aquatic ecosystems where they can cause harm to inhabitants, including reduced growth and survival. However, the implications of road salt exposure for aquatic animal susceptibility to pathogens and parasites have not yet been examined even though infectious diseases can significantly contribute to wildlife population declines. Through a field survey, we found a range of NaCl concentrations (50-560mg/L) in ponds known to contain larval amphibians, with lower levels found in sites close to gravel- rather than hard-surfaced roads. We then investigated how chronic exposure to environmentally-realistic levels of road salt (up to 1140mg/L) affected susceptibility to infection by trematode parasites (helminths) in larval stages of two amphibian species (Lithobates sylvaticus - wood frogs, and L. pipiens - northern leopard frogs) by considering effects on host anti-parasite behavior and white blood cell profiles. Wood frogs exposed to road salt had higher parasite loads, and also exhibited reduced anti-parasite behavior in these conditions. In contrast, infection intensity in northern leopard frogs had a non-monotonic response to road salts even though lymphocytes were only elevated at the highest concentration. Our results indicate the potential for chronic road salt exposure to affect larval amphibian susceptibility to pathogenic parasites through alterations of behavior and immunocompetence, with further studies needed at higher concentrations, as well as that of road salts on free-living parasite infectious stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marin Milotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Brandt A, Grikscheit K, Siede R, Grosse R, Meixner MD, Büchler R. Immunosuppression in Honeybee Queens by the Neonicotinoids Thiacloprid and Clothianidin. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4673. [PMID: 28680118 PMCID: PMC5498664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Queen health is crucial to colony survival of honeybees, since reproduction and colony growth rely solely on the queen. Queen failure is considered a relevant cause of colony losses, yet few data exist concerning effects of environmental stressors on queens. Here we demonstrate for the first time that exposure to field-realistic concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides can severely affect the immunocompetence of queens of western honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). In young queens exposed to thiacloprid (200 µg/l or 2000 µg/l) or clothianidin (10 µg/l or 50 µg/l), the total hemocyte number and the proportion of active, differentiated hemocytes was significantly reduced. Moreover, functional aspects of the immune defence namely the wound healing/melanisation response, as well as the antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph were impaired. Our results demonstrate that neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect the immunocompetence of queens, possibly leading to an impaired disease resistance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annely Brandt
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274, Kirchhain, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grikscheit
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Siede
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274, Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Büchler
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274, Kirchhain, Germany
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Lin KT, Sun SP, Wu JI, Wang LH. Low-dose glucocorticoids suppresses ovarian tumor growth and metastasis in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178937. [PMID: 28591224 PMCID: PMC5462394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. Despite chemotherapy and surgical debulking options, ovarian cancer recurs and disseminates frequently with a poor prognosis. We previously reported a novel role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in metastatic ovarian cancer by upregulating microRNA-708. In this study, we used an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model and further evaluated the effect and optimal dosages of GCs in treating metastatic ovarian cancer. The treatment of C57BL/6-derived ovarian cancer ID-8 cells with a synthetic GC, dexamethasone (DEX), induced the expression of microRNA-708, leading to decreased cell migration and invasion through targeting Rap1B. Administration of DEX at a low dose, as low as 5 μg/kg body weight, inhibited the primary tumor size and abdominal metastasis in mice bearing ID-8 cell-derived ovarian tumors. In the treated primary tumors, microRNA-708 was upregulated, whereas some proinflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, were downregulated. The number of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment were reduced. Overall, our study shows that low-dose GCs can suppress ovarian cancer progression and metastasis likely through not only the upregulation of the metastasis suppressor microRNA-708, but also the modulation of TAMs and MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ti Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Sun
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Jui-I Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jungli District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Hai Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Betker JL, Anchordoquy TJ. Nonadditive Effects of Repetitive Administration of Lipoplexes in Immunocompetent Mice. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:872-881. [PMID: 27887890 PMCID: PMC5657239 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive administration is routinely used to maintain therapeutic drug levels, but previous studies have documented an accelerated blood clearance of some lipid-based delivery systems under these conditions. To assess the effect of repetitive administration, non-PEGylated lipoplexes (+/-0.5) were administered 4 times via tail vein injection at 3-day intervals to immunocompetent BALB/c mice bearing 4T1 tumors. This study measured the effect of repeat administration of nontargeted lipoplexes on clearance, cytokine/chemokine response, plasmid distribution, reporter gene expression, and liver toxicity. We do not observe a refractory period or a statistically significant difference in blood clearance between the first administration and subsequent injections of this lipoplex formulation, consistent with the absence of a cytokine/chemokine response. However, we do see a significant effect on both plasmid accumulation and expression, an enhancement of 26-fold and 10-fold in tumor plasmid levels and expression, respectively, after 4 injections as compared to that after a single injection. In addition, in vivo imaging suggests that expression in other organs had diminished rapidly 72 h after each administration, in contrast to relatively constant expression in the tumor. Taken together, the findings indicate that gene delivery to tumors can be dramatically enhanced by employing repetitive administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Betker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Thomas J Anchordoquy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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Silva F, Navea D, Saias C, Torres JP, Catalán P, Morales J. [Analysis of voriconazole serum concentrations and safety profile in pediatric oncology patients]. Rev Chilena Infectol 2017; 33:127-34. [PMID: 27314989 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182016000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voriconazole (VCZ) serum drug levels (SDL) vary widely and are associated with increased mortality when they are below the therapeutic range for invasive aspergillosis (IA). AIM To describe VCZ SDL in oncology pediatric patients in order to reach adequate concentrations for prophylaxis (≥ 0.5 mg/L) and treatment (≥ 1.0 y 2.0 mg/L) for IA and their relationship with toxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of VCZ SDL and toxicities recorded in oncology pediatric patients between February 2013 and November 2014. The daily dosage and SDLs were analyzed according to administration route: intravenous (IV) and oral (PO), type of therapy (prophylaxis and treatment) and patient age (< 12 y ≥ 12 years old). RESULTS 112 through levels from 26 patients were analyzed and the average age was 9.3 years-old. The SDL obtained from the IV route were 43.7%. There were more SDL ≥ 0.5 mg/L and ≥ 1.0 mg/L with the IV route than the PO route (p < 0.05). Patients younger than 12-years-old received a higher dosage than those ≥ 12 years old (median 18.6 and 9.2 mg/kg/d, respectively, p < 0.05). To reach SDL ≥ 0,5 mg/L with the PO route, a dosage of 200 mg every 12 hours showed the best results for all patients (80-100% SDL ≥ 0.5 mg/L). With an IV dosage between 14 and 20 mg/kg/day in patients > 12-years-old, 80% of the SDL were ≥ 1 mg/L and ≥ 2 mg/L. In patients younger than 12-year-old, dosages between 8-30 mg/ kg/day showed similar results (50-63% of SDL ≥ 1 mg/L and 36-40% of SDL ≥ 2 mg/L). Eight patients (30.8%) presented an adverse drug reaction and no relationship with the SDL was found. Conclusión: A VCZ standard dosage of 200 mg every 12 hours PO showed the best results for IA prophylaxis in all patients. Patients younger than 12-years-old would require higher dosages than the doses used in this study to attain adequate SDL for IA treatment. No relation with SDL and adverse reactions was found.
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Polykretis P, Delfino G, Petrocelli I, Cervo R, Tanteri G, Montori G, Perito B, Branca JJV, Morucci G, Gulisano M. Evidence of immunocompetence reduction induced by cadmium exposure in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Environ Pollut 2016; 218:826-834. [PMID: 27528187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades a dramatic loss of Apis mellifera hives has been reported in both Europe and USA. Research in this field is oriented towards identifying a synergy of contributing factors, i.e. pathogens, pesticides, habitat loss and pollution to the weakening of the hive. Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous anthropogenic pollutant whose effects are proving to be increasingly lethal. Among the multiple damages related to Cd contamination, some studies report that it causes immunosuppression in various animal species. The aim of this paper is to determine whether contamination by Cd, may have a similar effect on the honey bees' immunocompetence. Our results, obtained by immune challenge experiments and confirmed by structural and ultrastructural observations show that such metal causes a reduction in immunocompetence in 3 days Cd exposed bees. As further evidence of honey bee response to Cd treatment, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (X-EDS) has revealed the presence of zinc (Zn) in peculiar electron-dense granules in fat body cells. Zn is a characteristic component of metallothioneins (MTs), which are usually synthesized as anti-oxidant and scavenger tools against Cd contamination. Our findings suggest that honey bee colonies may have a weakened immune system in Cd polluted areas, resulting in a decreased ability in dealing with pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polykretis
- Magnetic Resonance Center - CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - G Delfino
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - I Petrocelli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - R Cervo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - G Tanteri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - G Montori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - B Perito
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - J J V Branca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - G Morucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - M Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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12
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Szuroczki D, Koprivnikar J, Baker RL. Dietary antioxidants enhance immunocompetence in larval amphibians. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 201:182-188. [PMID: 27475300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants have been shown to confer a variety of benefits through their ability to counter oxidative stress, including increased immunocompetence and reduced susceptibility to both infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, little is known about the effects of dietary antioxidants on immune function in larval amphibians, a group experiencing worldwide declines driven by factors that likely involve altered immunocompetence. We investigated the effects of dietary antioxidants (quercetin, vitamin E, and β-carotene) on two components of the immune system, as well as development and growth. Lithobates pipiens tadpoles fed diets with supplemental β-carotene or vitamin E exhibited an enhanced swelling response as measured with a phytohemagglutinin assay (PHA), but there was no induced antibody response. Effects were often dose-dependent, with higher antioxidant levels generally conferring stronger swelling that possibly corresponds to the innate immune response. Our results indicate that the antioxidant content of the larval amphibian diets not only had a detectable effect on their immune response capability, but also promoted tadpole growth (mass gain), although developmental stage was not affected. Given that many environmental perturbations may cause oxidative stress or reduce immunocompetence, it is critical to understand how nutrition may counter these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Szuroczki
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Janet Koprivnikar
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Robert L Baker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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13
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Hilpert U. [Decreasing risk of infection with micronutrients]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:67. [PMID: 27324011 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-8451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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14
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Dickel F, Freitak D, Mappes J. Long-Term Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment: Effects on Survival, Immunocompetence and Reproduction Success of Parasemia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). J Insect Sci 2016; 16:iew035. [PMID: 27271967 PMCID: PMC4896460 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of insect species are nowadays reared under laboratory conditions. Rearing of insects always implicates the risk of diseases, among which microbial infections are the most frequent and difficult problems. Although there are effective prophylactic treatments, the side effects of applied antibiotics are not well understood. We examined the effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment on the overwintering success of wood tiger moth (Parasemia plantaginis) larvae, and the postdiapause effect on their life-history traits. Four weeks before hibernation larvae were treated with a widely used antibiotic (fumagillin). We monitored moths' survival and life-history traits during the following 10 mo, and compared them to those of untreated control larvae. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment had no effect on survival but we show effects on some life-history traits by decreasing the developmental time of treated larvae. However, we also revealed relevant negative effects, as antibiotic treated individuals show a decreased number of laid eggs and also furthermore a suppressed immunocompetence. These results implicate, that a prophylactic medication can also lead to negative effects on life-history traits and reproductive success, which should be seriously taken in consideration when applying a prophylactic treatment to laboratory reared insect populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Dickel
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland (; ),
| | - Dalial Freitak
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Johanna Mappes
- Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland (; )
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15
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Red. [Phytotherapy combination enhances the immune system]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:66. [PMID: 27333623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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16
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Brandt A, Gorenflo A, Siede R, Meixner M, Büchler R. The neonicotinoids thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and clothianidin affect the immunocompetence of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). J Insect Physiol 2016; 86:40-7. [PMID: 26776096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A strong immune defense is vital for honey bee health and colony survival. This defense can be weakened by environmental factors that may render honey bees more vulnerable to parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are frequently exposed to neonicotinoid pesticides, which are being discussed as one of the stress factors that may lead to colony failure. We investigated the sublethal effects of the neonicotinoids thiacloprid, imidacloprid, and clothianidin on individual immunity, by studying three major aspects of immunocompetence in worker bees: total hemocyte number, encapsulation response, and antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph. In laboratory experiments, we found a strong impact of all three neonicotinoids. Thiacloprid (24h oral exposure, 200 μg/l or 2000 μg/l) and imidacloprid (1 μg/l or 10 μg/l) reduced hemocyte density, encapsulation response, and antimicrobial activity even at field realistic concentrations. Clothianidin had an effect on these immune parameters only at higher than field realistic concentrations (50-200 μg/l). These results suggest that neonicotinoids affect the individual immunocompetence of honey bees, possibly leading to an impaired disease resistance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annely Brandt
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany.
| | - Anna Gorenflo
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Reinhold Siede
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Marina Meixner
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Ralph Büchler
- LLH Bee Institute, Erlenstr. 9, 35274 Kirchhain, Germany
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17
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[Are vaccinations ineffective during cortisone treatment?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:26. [PMID: 27119677 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-7794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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18
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Schlenger R. [Purple coneflower as antiviral agent]. MMW Fortschr Med 2016; 158:16-18. [PMID: 26961020 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-016-7730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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19
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Pamminger T, Treanor D, Hughes WOH. Pleiotropic effects of juvenile hormone in ant queens and the escape from the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152409. [PMID: 26763704 PMCID: PMC4721097 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous trade-off between survival and costly reproduction is one of the most fundamental constraints governing life-history evolution. In numerous animals, gonadotropic hormones antagonistically suppressing immunocompetence cause this trade-off. The queens of many social insects defy the reproduction-survival trade-off, achieving both an extraordinarily long life and high reproductive output, but how they achieve this is unknown. Here we show experimentally, by integrating quantification of gene expression, physiology and behaviour, that the long-lived queens of the ant Lasius niger have escaped the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off by decoupling the effects of a key endocrine regulator of fertility and immunocompetence in solitary insects, juvenile hormone (JH). This modification of the regulatory architecture enables queens to sustain a high reproductive output without elevated JH titres and suppressed immunocompetence, providing an escape from the reproduction-immunocompetence trade-off that may contribute to the extraordinary lifespan of many social insect queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pamminger
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - David Treanor
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
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20
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Stepanenko LA, Savchenkov MF, Ilina SV, Anganova EV, Savilov ED. [An assessment of the immune status of the children population as a marker of technogenic pollution of the environment]. Gig Sanit 2016; 95:1129-1133. [PMID: 29446280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article describes results of the immunological study of school-aged children residing in cities with different levels of the technogenic air pollution. Children from cities with the highest level of the technogenic pollution had a high number of immature neutrophils (band cells) and eosinophils. The children living in these ecologically unfavorable areas have presented a reduction of T-cell antigen receptor CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD16, CD95. This indicates to that both T-cell and B-cell immunity is suppressed. The decline of the phagocytic function in neutrophils indicates to the suppression of the nonspecific host defense mechanisms also.
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21
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François G, Mélanie D, Marlène F, Michel F. Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 37:91-99. [PMID: 26574092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as above. After the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability, immunocompetence (phagocytosis and nitrite production), oxidative stress/inflammation (cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity (metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase). The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that (1) the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations (>10%, V/V) were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations, (2) the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and (3) the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of V. anguillarum could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagné François
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, 105 McGill, Montreal, QC H27 2E7, Canada.
| | - Douville Mélanie
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology, 105 McGill, Montreal, QC H27 2E7, Canada
| | - Fortier Marlène
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Rue des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Fournier Michel
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Rue des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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22
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Fernández I, López-Joven C, Andree KB, Roque A, Gisbert E. Vitamin A supplementation enhances Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) early juvenile's immunocompetence: New insights on potential underlying pathways. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2015; 46:703-709. [PMID: 26272637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) has been considered since the 1990's to be a promising flatfish species for diversifying European marine aquaculture. However, pathogen outbreaks leading to high mortality rates can impair Senegalese sole commercial production at the weaning phase. Different approaches have been shown to improve fish immunocompetence; with this in mind the objective of the work described herein was to determine whether increased levels of dietary vitamin A (VA) improve the immune response in early juveniles of Senegalese sole. For this purpose, Senegalese sole were reared and fed with Artemia metanauplii containing increased levels of VA (37,000; 44,666; 82,666 and 203,000 total VA IU Kg(-1)) from 6 to 60 days post-hatch (early juvenile stage). After an induced bacterial infection with a 50% lethal dose of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, survival rate, as well as underlying gene expression of specific immune markers (C1inh, C3, C9, Lgals1, Hamp, LysC, Prdx1, Steap4 and Transf) were evaluated. Results showed that fish fed higher doses of dietary VA were more resistant to the bacterial challenge. The lower mortality was found to be related with differential expression of genes involved in the complement system and iron availability. We suggest that feeding metamorphosed Senegalese sole with 203,000 total VA IU Kg(-1) might be an effective, inexpensive and environmentally friendly method to improve Senegalese sole immunocompetence, thereby improving survival of juveniles and reducing economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR/CIMAR-LA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain.
| | - Carmen López-Joven
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR 5244), Ifremer, CNRS, University of Montpellier, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC80, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Ana Roque
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Enric Gisbert
- IRTA, Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Unitat de Cultius Experimentals, Crta. del Poble Nou s/n, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease of excess skeletal fragility that results from estrogen loss and aging. Age related bone loss has been attributed to both elevated bone resorption and insufficient bone formation. We developed a hybrid compound, LLP2A-Ale in which LLP2A has high affinity for the α4β1 integrin on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and alendronate has high affinity for bone. When LLP2A-Ale was injected into mice, the compound directed MSCs to both trabecular and cortical bone surfaces and increased bone mass and bone strength. Additional studies are underway to further characterize this hybrid compound, LLP2A-Ale, and how it can be utilized for the treatment of bone loss resulting from hormone deficiency, aging, and inflammation and to augment bone fracture healing. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem Cells and Bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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24
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Scheifele DW, Halperin SA, Rubin E, Tapiero B, Guasparini R, Meekison W, Predy G, Mills E, Noriega F. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Pentavalent Combination Vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis, Polio and Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Conjugate) When Administered as a Fourth Dose at 15 to 18 Months of Age. Human Vaccines 2014; 1:180-6. [PMID: 17012882 DOI: 10.4161/hv.1.5.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A DTaP-IPV//PRP-T combination vaccine (Pentacel) has been universally used in Canada to provide immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, and Haemophilus influenzae type b with single injections at 2, 4, 6 and 18 months of age. This randomized, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate administration of a fourth dose of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T at 15 to 18 months of age, similar to the US immunization schedule. Participants who had received three doses of DTaP-IPV//PRP-T by 8 months of age were enrolled at 12 months and randomized to receive a fourth dose at 15, 16, 17 or 18 months. Antibody levels for each vaccine antigen were measured prior to and four weeks following booster vaccination. Overall, 1782 subjects were immunized and monitored for adverse events, and 735 were evaluated for immune responses. Preimmunization antibody levels differed minimally by age, for all antigens. The immune responses elicited by DTaP-IPV//PRP-T were comparable between participants vaccinated at 15 or 16 months and those vaccinated at 17 or 18 months, as demonstrated by specific antibody geometric mean titers, seroprotection/seroresponse rates, and reverse cumulative distribution curves. The fourth dose was well tolerated in all age groups. Toddlers at 15, 16, 17 or 18 months of age are equally suitable recipients for booster immunization with the DTaP-IPV//PRP-T vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Scheifele
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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25
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Siciliano RF, Castelli JB, Randi BA, Vieira RD, Strabelli TMV. Cytomegalovirus colitis in immunocompetent critically ill patients. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 20:71-3. [PMID: 24406737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus and its reactivation may lead to CMV end-organ disease (CMV EOD) in immunocompromised patients and also in immunocompetent patients when they are critically ill. We aimed to investigate the frequency and the clinical features of proven CMV EOD in previously non-immunosuppressed patients admitted to our institution. METHODS From January 2000 to March 2013, the records of all patients with a histopathological diagnosis of CMV EOD at our teaching hospital were reviewed retrospectively. CMV EOD was diagnosed histologically by the identification of true cytomegalic viral inclusion involving endothelial, stromal, and/or epithelial cells on hematoxylin and eosin staining, and was subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemistry using specific antibody against CMV antigens. Immunocompromised patients were excluded. RESULTS CMV EOD manifesting as colitis was diagnosed in 14 previously immunocompetent intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The mean age of the patients was 64 years. All had co-morbidities and developed shock before CMV EOD. The major manifestation was gastrointestinal bleeding. The in-hospital mortality rate was 71.4% despite specific treatment with ganciclovir. CONCLUSIONS Despite being a rare condition, lower gastrointestinal bleeding in this profile of ICU patients could be the clinical manifestation of CMV colitis, and intensivists should be alert to this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo F Siciliano
- Infection Control Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar avenue, 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jussara B Castelli
- Laboratory of Pathology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Bruno A Randi
- Division of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo D Vieira
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil
| | - Tânia M V Strabelli
- Infection Control Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar avenue, 255, Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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26
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Vinci MC, Tessitore G, Castiglioni L, Prandi F, Soncini M, Santoro R, Consolo F, Colazzo F, Micheli B, Sironi L, Polvani G, Pesce M. Mechanical compliance and immunological compatibility of fixative-free decellularized/cryopreserved human pericardium. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64769. [PMID: 23705010 PMCID: PMC3660606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pericardial tissue is commonly used to produce bio-prosthetic cardiac valves and patches in cardiac surgery. The procedures adopted to prepare this tissue consist in treatment with aldehydes, which do not prevent post-graft tissue calcification due to incomplete xeno-antigens removal. The adoption of fixative-free decellularization protocols has been therefore suggested to overcome this limitation. Although promising, the decellularized pericardium has not yet used in clinics, due to the absence of proofs indicating that the decellularization and cryopreservation procedures can effectively preserve the mechanical properties and the immunologic compatibility of the tissue. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of the present work was to validate a procedure to prepare decellularized/cryopreserved human pericardium which may be implemented into cardiovascular homograft tissue Banks. The method employed to decellularize the tissue completely removed the cells without affecting ECM structure; furthermore, uniaxial tensile loading tests revealed an equivalent resistance of the decellularized tissue to strain, before and after the cryopreservation, in comparison with the fresh tissue. Finally, immunological compatibility, showed a minimized host immune cells invasion and low levels of systemic inflammation, as assessed by tissue transplantation into immune-competent mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate, for the first time, that fixative-free decellularized pericardium from cadaveric tissue donors can be banked according to Tissue Repository-approved procedures without compromising its mechanical properties and immunological tolerance. This tissue can be therefore treated as a safe homograft for cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Vinci
- Laboratorio di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Tessitore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Prandi
- Laboratorio di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Soncini
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Laboratorio di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Consolo
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Micheli
- Banca dei Tessuti Cardiovascolari della Regione Lombardia, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Laboratorio di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Gust M, Fortier M, Garric J, Fournier M, Gagné F. Effects of short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of different pharmaceutical mixtures on the immune response of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Sci Total Environ 2013; 445-446:210-218. [PMID: 23333517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are pollutants of potential concern in the aquatic environment where they are commonly introduced as complex mixtures via municipal effluents. Many reports underline the effects of pharmaceuticals on immune system of non target species. Four drug mixtures were tested, and regrouped pharmaceuticals by main therapeutic use: psychiatric (venlafaxine, carbamazepine, diazepam), antibiotic (ciprofloxacine, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), hypolipemic (atorvastatin, gemfibrozil, benzafibrate) and antihypertensive (atenolol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril). Their effects were then compared with a treated municipal effluent known for its contamination, and its effects on the immune response of Lymnaea stagnalis. Adult L. stagnalis were exposed for 3 days to an environmentally relevant concentration of the four mixtures individually and as a global mixture. Effects on immunocompetence (hemocyte viability and count, ROS and thiol levels, phagocytosis) and gene expression were related to the immune response and oxidative stress: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase gene (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF) and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Immunocompetence was differently affected by the therapeutic class mixtures compared to the global mixture, which increased hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis, and decreased intracellular thiol levels. TLR4 gene expression was the most strongly increased, especially by psychiatric mixture (19-fold), while AIF-1, GR and CAT genes were downregulated. A decision tree analysis revealed that the immunotoxic responses caused by the municipal effluent were comparable to those obtained with the global pharmaceutical mixture, and the latter shared similarity with the antibiotic mixture. This suggests that pharmaceutical mixtures in municipal effluents represent a risk for gastropods at the immunocompetence levels and the antibiotic group could represent a model therapeutic class for municipal effluent toxicity studies in L. stagnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 3 bis quai Chauveau, 69009 Lyon, France.
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Wang H, Chan YL, Li TL, Bauer BA, Hsia S, Wang CH, Huang JS, Wang HM, Yeh KY, Huang TH, Wu GJ, Wu CJ. Reduction of splenic immunosuppressive cells and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity by synergy of fish oil and selenium yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52912. [PMID: 23349693 PMCID: PMC3551929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) abnormally increase in cancer cachectic patients. Suppressions of Tregs and MDSCs may enhance anti-tumor immunity for cancer patients. Fish oil and selenium have been known to have many biological activities such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Whether fish oil and/or selenium have an additional effect on population of immunosuppressive cells in tumor-bearing hosts remained elusive and controversial. To gain insights into their roles on anti-tumor immunity, we studied the fish oil- and/or selenium-mediated tumor suppression and immunity on lung carcinoma, whereof cachexia develops. Advancement of cachexia in a murine lung cancer model manifested with such indicative symptoms as weight loss, chronic inflammation and disturbed immune functionality. The elevation of Tregs and MDSCs in spleens of tumor-bearing mice was positively correlated with tumor burdens. Consumption of either fish oil or selenium had little or no effect on the levels of Tregs and MDSCs. However, consumption of both fish oil and selenium together presented a synergistic effect-The population of Tregs and MDSCs decreased as opposed to increase of anti-tumor immunity when both fish oil and selenium were supplemented simultaneously, whereby losses of body weight and muscle/fat mass were alleviated significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brent A. Bauer
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Simon Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsu Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Seng Huang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for Marine Bioenvironment and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Jablonska A, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Different methods of immunosuppresion do not prolong the survival of human cord blood-derived neural stem cells transplanted into focal brain-injured immunocompetent rats. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2013; 73:88-101. [PMID: 23595286 DOI: 10.55782/ane-2013-1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of severe disability worldwide, with an enormous financial burden for society. There is growing evidence that stem cell-based therapy may positively influence recovery from stroke. Cord blood is an attractive source of ontogenetically young, yet safe, stem cells. Conceptually, preclinical studies in which donor cells were of human origin have been the most valuable, and thus, it is likely that these cells will be used in clinical trials. Unfortunately, immunological barriers impede discordant xenotransplantations. We have previously observed acute rejection of cord blood derived neural stem cells (HUCB-NSC) after transplantation to the brains of intact animals. Since it was reported recently that a brain lesion may actually improve the chances of graft survival, in this study, we used infarcted animals as graft recipients. In ongoing studies, we tested three immunosuppressive regimes: group I received cyclosporine A (CsA: 10 mg per kg i.p.); group II received a triple-drug therapy (CsA: 10 mg per kg i.p., azathioprine: 5 mg per kg i.p., and methylprednisolone: 1.5 mg per kg i.m.); group III included rats that were formerly desensitized with HUCB, group IV had not undergone immunosuppression. Animals were sacrificed at five time-points: 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-transplantation to evaluate graft survival and the time-course of immunological response. We observed a gradual decrease in the number of transplanted cells, with complete disappearance by day 14, surprisingly, with no difference among the experimental groups. The involvement of the innate immune system in the process of graft rejection dominated over an adaptive immunoresponse, with the highest activity on day 3, and subsequent fading of immune cell infiltration. In this work, we have shown that none of our immunosuppressive strategies proved adequate to prevent rejection of human stem cell grafts after transplantation into immunocompetent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jablonska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Ruda C. [Antibiotics: 60 years of maldevelopment]. MMW Fortschr Med 2012; 154:58-60. [PMID: 23234122 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-012-1454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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31
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[Common colds: early intervention - plant combinations already at the first sign of a respiratory tract infection]. MMW Fortschr Med 2012; 154:78-9. [PMID: 23088043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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32
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Pagliara P, Stabili L. Zinc effect on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immunological competence. Chemosphere 2012; 89:563-568. [PMID: 22717161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals has become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas as a consequence of anthropogenic inputs. Among metal contaminants, zinc, being considered not very toxic, is sometimes released into the sea in appreciable quantities and its concentration is loosely regulated. In this work we analyzed the effects of a high zinc concentration on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus immune system. In particular, after 24 h of zinc treatment, we evaluated coelomocytes morphology and composition as well as the zinc influence on some humoral parameters such as hemolysis, lysozyme-like activity and antibacterial activity on Vibrio alginolyticus. Our results evidenced that the presence of zinc affected both cellular and acellular components of the sea urchin immune system. The P. lividus coelomocytes changed in morphology and number; moreover, the amebocytes changed from a petaloid to a filipodial-like shape and the red spherula cells increased in number. Among the considered humoral effectors lysozyme-like activity and antibacterial activity on V. alginolyticus decreased in short-term to zinc treatment. The modifications in the sea urchin immunological competence might give an early indication of disease susceptibility thus suggesting to consider the examined defence mechanisms as potential biological indicators of metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pagliara
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Dairaghi DJ, Oyajobi BO, Gupta A, McCluskey B, Miao S, Powers JP, Seitz LC, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang P, Schall TJ, Jaen JC. CCR1 blockade reduces tumor burden and osteolysis in vivo in a mouse model of myeloma bone disease. Blood 2012; 120:1449-57. [PMID: 22618707 PMCID: PMC3423783 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-10-384784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL3/MIP-1α is a risk factor in the outcome of multiple myeloma (MM), particularly in the development of osteolytic bone disease. This chemokine, highly overexpressed by MM cells, can signal mainly through 2 receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, only 1 of which (CCR1) is responsive to CCL3 in human and mouse osteoclast precursors. CCR1 activation leads to the formation of osteolytic lesions and facilitates tumor growth. Here we show that formation of mature osteoclasts is blocked by the highly potent and selective CCR1 antagonist CCX721, an analog of the clinical compound CCX354. We also show that doses of CCX721 selected to completely inhibit CCR1 produce a profound decrease in tumor burden and osteolytic damage in the murine 5TGM1 model of MM bone disease. Similar effects were observed when the antagonist was used prophylactically or therapeutically, with comparable efficacy to that of zoledronic acid. 5TGM1 cells were shown to express minimal levels of CCR1 while secreting high levels of CCL3, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of CCX721 result from CCR1 inhibition on non-MM cells, most likely osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors. These results provide a strong rationale for further development of CCR1 antagonists for the treatment of MM and associated osteolytic bone disease.
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Zhang XD, Xu DZ, Li JH, Wang T, Ge FH, Yang L. [Study on the immunocompetence of polysaccharide extracted from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. Zhong Yao Cai 2012; 35:949-952. [PMID: 23236833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the immune activity of polysaccharide extracted from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. METHODS Investigated the effects of polysaccharide extracted from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza on lymphocyte proliferation response of mouse induced by LPS (the lipopolysaccharide LPS), phagocytosis of the peritoneal macrophage of mice to chick erythrocytes and the mouse models of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response induced by DNFB. RESULTS Lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis of the peritoneal macrophage of mice could be promoted by the polysaccharide, which could inhibit ear edema and capillary permeability increase induced by DNFB and enlarged the thymus and splenic index in mice. The expression of iNOS, IFN-alpha and IL-1beta was inhibited significantly in the treatment group. CONCLUSION The polysaccharide extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza can improve immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Dong Zhang
- Guangzhou Hanfang Pharmaceutical Company Limited/National Engineer Research Center for Modernization of Extraction and Separation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guangzhou 510240, China.
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Ghazi S, Habibian M, Moeini MM, Abdolmohammadi AR. Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:309-17. [PMID: 22127829 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on the performance, immune function and some serum mineral concentrations of broilers under heat stress condition (23.9-37°C cycling). A total of 150 one-day-old broiler chicks according to a completely randomized design were assigned into five treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of three replicates and each replicate contained ten chicks. Chicks were fed on corn-soybean meal basal diets with added different concentrations of chromium (0, 600 and 1,200 μg kg(-1) chromium chloride or 600 and 1,200 μg/kg chromium L-methionine) from 1 to 49 days of age. Humoral immunity was assessed by intravenous injection of 7% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) followed by evaluation of serum for antibody titers in primary and secondary responses. Cell-mediated immunity was assessed by the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) test to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-P at day 32 and PHA-M at day 48. Heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was also measured as a reliable indicator of stress. The body mass, feed intake and conversion ratio were not influenced by dietary chromium (P > 0.05). Dietary supplementation of both organic and inorganic chromium significantly increased primary and secondary antibody responses (P < 0.01), and also improved H/L ratio (P < 0.05), CBH response (P < 0.01) as well as relative weights of thymus (P < 0.05) and spleen (P < 0.01). Both dietary organic and inorganic chromium caused an increase in serum concentrations of Cr and Zn (P < 0.01), but decreased the serum concentration of Cu (P < 0.01). These results suggest that supplemental chromium especially in organic form offers a good management practice to reduce heat stress-related depression in immunocompetence of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Ghazi
- Animal Science Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Abstract
The characteristic ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum, such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, nucleic acids and small proteins, have been found and proved to have many special pharmacological properties. Mice and rats have been extensively used to investigate the effects of G. lucidum. Experiments with horses as an animal model for investigating the effects of G. lucidum have never been reported. The purpose of this investigation was to understand the influence of G. lucidum feeding on blood biochemistry and immunocompetence in horses. Complete blood count (CBC) and blood biochemistry were surveyed routinely. Cellular-mediated immunity was monitored by flow cytometry to survey the percentage changes of CD5+, CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The effect of G. lucidum on humoral immunity was experimented by fast plate agglutination test to survey the change and manifestation of the titer of specific anti-egg albumin antibodies in the serum after egg albumin injection. The findings on CBC and blood biochemistry indicated that G. lucidum was quite safe to horses. Experimental result on cell-mediated immunity showed that G. lucidum could increase the percentage of CD5+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes in PBLs (p<0.001). Experimental result on humoral immunity showed that G. lucidum could help the horses to produce a significantly higher quantity of specific antibodies in a shorter time (p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wen Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Abstract
Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins that have a wide range of pleiotropic effects, ranging from antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to the production of active thyroid hormone. In the past 10 years, the discovery of disease-associated polymorphisms in selenoprotein genes has drawn attention to the relevance of selenoproteins to health. Low selenium status has been associated with increased risk of mortality, poor immune function, and cognitive decline. Higher selenium status or selenium supplementation has antiviral effects, is essential for successful male and female reproduction, and reduces the risk of autoimmune thyroid disease. Prospective studies have generally shown some benefit of higher selenium status on the risk of prostate, lung, colorectal, and bladder cancers, but findings from trials have been mixed, which probably emphasises the fact that supplementation will confer benefit only if intake of a nutrient is inadequate. Supplementation of people who already have adequate intake with additional selenium might increase their risk of type-2 diabetes. The crucial factor that needs to be emphasised with regard to the health effects of selenium is the inextricable U-shaped link with status; whereas additional selenium intake may benefit people with low status, those with adequate-to-high status might be affected adversely and should not take selenium supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Rayman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Kiser K. Tumor fighter. Minn Med 2012; 95:16-19. [PMID: 22355905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Kisilevskiĭ MV, Anisimova NI, Lebedinskaia OV, Polotskiĭ BE, Davydov MI. [Heterotopic transplantation of non-immunogenic trachea populated with recipient bone marrow stromal cells]. Morfologiia 2012; 141:66-70. [PMID: 22724338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Morphological changes in decellularized allogenic trachea populated with recipient bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal) stem cells and transplanted heterotopically, were examined in 30 C57Bl/6 and Balb/c mice of 22-25 g body mass. The research results have shown the insufficient efficacy of a transplant preparation mode by freezing and thawing method as in this case inflammatory reaction developed in the transplant area and its rejection took place. It was established that the mode of obtaining decellularized tracheal transplant by means of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) treatment, proposed by the authors, unlike a freezing-thawing mode, allowed to efficiently remove immunocompetent cells that expressed MHC I and II markers. NaClO4 effect did not result in either chondrocyte damage or significant disturbance of tracheal cartilaginous and connective tissue structure in heterotopic transplants. Since transplant population with bone marrow stromal stem cells promoted connective tissue restoration, reduced the formation of granulations in anastomosis area and favored faster transplant epithelization, most promising method of trachea preparation for transplantation apparently seems to be the combination of immune cell removal from this organ by NaClO4 treatment with subsequent bone marrow stromal stem cell population of transplant obtained.
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Meisel K, Rizvi S. Complications of monoclonal antibody therapy. Med Health R I 2011; 94:317-319. [PMID: 22204093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Meisel
- Rhode Island Hospital Multiple Sclerosis Center, USA
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41
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Abstract
Allergic airways disease is a consequence of a Th2 response to an allergen leading to a series of manifestations such as production of allergen-specific IgE, inflammatory infiltrates in the airways, and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR). Several strategies have been reported for tolerance induction to allergens leading to protection from allergic airways disease. We now show that CD4 blockade at the time of house dust mite sensitization induces antigen-specific tolerance in mice. Tolerance induction is robust enough to be effective in pre-sensitized animals, even in those where AHR was pre-established. Tolerant mice are protected from airways eosinophilia, Th2 lung infiltration, and AHR. Furthermore, anti-CD4 treated mice remain immune competent to mount immune responses, including Th2, to unrelated antigens. Our findings, therefore, describe a strategy for tolerance induction potentially applicable to other immunogenic proteins besides allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agua-Doce
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Duchet-Niedziolka P, Hanslik T, Mouthon L, Guillevin L, Launay O. [Flu vaccine and auto-immune and/or inflammatory diseases]. Presse Med 2011; 40:248-52. [PMID: 21232908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases have an increased risk of infections particularly severe influenza infections. Annually vaccination can prevent these infections. Available data about the influenza vaccine in these patients show that, it remains well tolerated and effective even if the antibody response is lower compared to healthy controls. These data encourage to vaccine every year patients with systemic inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases with influenza vaccine, particularly patients taking immunosuppressant drugs or having respiratory, cardiac or renal chronic diseases according to guidelines. More data are needed about the severity of influenza infection and the efficacy of influenza vaccination in patients with systemic inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases to improve their vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duchet-Niedziolka
- Université Paris Descartes, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital Cochin, centre d'investigation clinique de vaccinologie Cochin Pasteur, Inserm, CIC BT505, Paris, France
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[Support of the innate immune system. Phytogenic combination preparation strengthens immune defense]. MMW Fortschr Med 2010; 152:94-5. [PMID: 21158185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Pichini S, Farré M, Abanades S, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Immunomodulating properties of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), flunitrazepam and ethanol in 'club drugs' users. Addict Biol 2010; 15:336-45. [PMID: 20456291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing concern about gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) toxicity in users, no studies have addressed GHB and other club drugs effects on the immune system under controlled administration. Lymphocyte subsets and functional responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation were measured in 10 healthy male recreational users of GHB who participated in five experimental sessions within the framework of a clinical trial. The study was randomized, double blind, double dummy and cross-over. Drug conditions were: a single oral dose of GHB (40 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg), ethanol (0.7 g/kg), flunitrazepam (1.25 mg) and placebo. Acute GHB produced a time-dependent immune impairment in the first 4 hours after drug administration associated with an increase in cortisol secretion. Although total leukocyte count remained unchanged, there was a significant decrease in the CD4 T/CD8 T-cell ratio, as well as in the percentage of mature T lymphocytes, probably because of a decrease in both the percentage and absolute number of T helper cells. A significant decrease was also observed in natural killer cells and in functional responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation. Flunitrazepam administration did not produce any change in the immune system, while ethanol intake produced a decrease in B lymphocytes and in lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens. These results provide the first evidence that GHB intake under a controlled environmental setting impairs the immunological status and confirms the alterations in the immune function caused by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pichini
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Italy
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Von Nolte O, Thrull R. [Autogenous vaccine in the treatment of chronic recurrent infections. Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability in German doctor's office]. MMW Fortschr Med 2010; 152 Suppl 1:30-36. [PMID: 20942305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Chihara J, Takeda M, Ueki S. [Regulation of allergic immune response of PPARgamma agonists--emerging roles in allergic response]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68:261-265. [PMID: 20158094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PPARgamma is expressed in a variety of immunocompetent cells and has immunoregulatory activities. In line with the in vitro observations that PPARgamma agonists down-regulate inflammatory cytokines production and cellular responses, PPARgamma agonists have protective effects in a variety of mouse model of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we summarize the functional roles of PPARgamma in immunocompetent cells from the perspective of the pathophysiology of allergic diseases. The anti-allergic effects of PPARgamma agonist in vitro and in vivo indicate the possibility that PPARgamma agonists could be new therapeutic modality for allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Chihara
- Department of Infection, Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
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Quinn MJ, Summitt CL, Ottinger MA. Effects of Androgen Disruption by DDE on the Development and Functioning of the Immune System in Japanese Quail. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 28:535-44. [PMID: 16997800 DOI: 10.1080/08923970600927850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that immunosuppression in birds that is caused by exposure to antiandrogenic chemicals occurs mainly through disruption of the development of the androgen-sensitive avian lymphoid organ, the bursa of Fabricius. Injections of 20.0 or 40.0 mug of p,p'-DDE [ethylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)], an antiandrogen, were administered at embryonic day 1. Bursas from only chicks treated with DDE were larger than, had fewer follicles, and exhibited vacuolization within follicles compared with controls; spleens were unaffected. No differences in either immune response test were observed. This study demonstrates that the bursa may play a role in androgen-active endocrine disrupting chemical-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Quinn
- U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, USA.
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Abstract
1 --> 3-beta-glucans have been associated with increased pulmonary inflammation in fungal-related indoor air problems. Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between increases in T-cell proliferation and decreases in CD4+/CD8+ ratio after exposure to fungi. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the mechanisms by which 1 --> 3-beta-glucans affect immune responses using an animal model. Rats received a single dose of zymosan A (2.5 mg/kg body weight) via intratracheal instillation (IT) and were euthanized on days 1, 4, 6, 8, and 10 post IT. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at each time point post-IT. Inflammation and lung injury were assessed by measuring neutrophil infiltration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and by measuring albumin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in BALF, respectively. Alveolar macrophage activation was determined by chemiluminescence. Immune response was characterized via immunophenotyping of bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lymphocytes isolated from the lung-associated lymph nodes. Upon challenge with zymosan, rats exhibited increased inflammation and injury at early time points (days 1 and 4) post IT exposure. Although elevations in neutrophil infiltration and chemiluminescence had returned to control levels on day 4, lymphocytes recovered from lung-associated lymph nodes continued to proliferate and reached a maximum on day 6. The CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio from lymph nodes was lower in zymosan-treated rats than in control rats. Zymosan treatment increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70 secretion in BALF on day 1. In summary, rats exposed to zymosan had an increase in acute inflammation, and the altered lymphocyte profiles were consistent with the findings of epidemiology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Houng Young
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
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Abstract
The continuous global increase in life expectancy represents a central challenge for our society and impacts public social security systems, families and individuals. One of the most striking changes that occur during normal human aging is immunosenescence, a progressive and overall diminution of immune functions that affect all cells and organs of the innate and adaptive immune system. As a hallmark of human aging, the progressive involution of the thymus leads to a disturbed balance and function of naïve, memory and effector T cells, thus promoting a latent pro-inflammatory status in the elderly. Together with chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus, that accumulate during life, this situation manifests in clinically relevant implications such as poor overall immune responses, decreased ability to control infectious disease and diminished response to vaccinations. Interestingly, this process parallels changes in the hormonal balance of aging subjects. In this review, we summarize recently published intriguing results from a very active and growing field of biomedical research and discuss some clinical consequences as well as possible ways of immune- and/or hormone-based interventions to delay or reverse immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfister
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Muñoz-Codoceo C, López-Medrano F, Faré-García R, Carbonell-Porras A, Garfia-Castillo C, Muñoz-Gómez R, Aguado-García JM. Cytomegalovirus myopericarditis and hepatitis in an immunocompetent adult: successful treatment with oral valganciclovir. Intern Med 2008; 47:1963-6. [PMID: 19015608 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary infection by cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly occurs subclinically or manifested by a self-limited mononucleosis-like syndrome in immunocompetent subjects. Severe clinical pictures are uncommon. We present a case of acute myopericarditis and hepatitis in a previously healthy 32-year-old man with primary CMV infection, assessed by serology and positive pp65 antigenemia. He was successfully treated with a course of oral valganciclovir therapy, with an immediate clinical response and normalization of laboratory tests. The literature on simultaneous presentation of CMV pericarditis and hepatitis in immunocompetent hosts, as well as the role of oral valganciclovir in this clinical setting, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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