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Kamau RW, Masila VM, Midiwo JO, Mgani QA, Kumarihamy M, Wang M, Zhao J, Muhammad I. A new gnidiflavanone-flavonol dimer and other constituents from Gnidia apiculata. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3199-3206. [PMID: 35392742 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2062349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new 3,8''-flavanone-flavonol dimer gnidiflavanone-flavonol (1) and 10 known compounds (2-11), including four rare primula-type flavones 2-5, were isolated from the roots of Gnidia apiculata. Compounds 2-5 and 7 were reported for the first time from the plant family Thymelaeceae. Structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HMBC, HSQC and ROESY) and mass spectrometry, as well as by the comparison with literature data. The crude roots extract and isolated compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. Among isolated compounds, 6-hydroxyflavone (4) and 6-O-acetylflavone (4a) showed antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahab W Kamau
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Veronica M Masila
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jacob O Midiwo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Quintino A Mgani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mallika Kumarihamy
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Centre for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Badiali C, Petruccelli V, Brasili E, Pasqua G. Xanthones: Biosynthesis and Trafficking in Plants, Fungi and Lichens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:694. [PMID: 36840041 PMCID: PMC9967055 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are a class of secondary metabolites produced by plant organisms. They are characterized by a wide structural variety and numerous biological activities that make them valuable metabolites for use in the pharmaceutical field. This review shows the current knowledge of the xanthone biosynthetic pathway with a focus on the precursors and the enzymes involved, as well as on the cellular and organ localization of xanthones in plants. Xanthone biosynthesis in plants involves the shikimate and the acetate pathways which originate in plastids and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. The pathway continues following three alternative routes, two phenylalanine-dependent and one phenylalanine-independent. All three routes lead to the biosynthesis of 2,3',4,6-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, which is the central intermediate. Unlike plants, the xanthone core in fungi and lichens is wholly derived from polyketide. Although organs and tissues synthesizing and accumulating xanthones are known in plants, no information is yet available on their subcellular and cellular localization in fungi and lichens. This review highlights the studies published to date on xanthone biosynthesis and trafficking in plant organisms, from which it emerges that the mechanisms underlying their synthesis need to be further investigated in order to exploit them for application purposes.
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Ntalouka F, Tsirivakou A. Luteolin: A promising natural agent in management of pain in chronic conditions. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1114428. [PMID: 36937566 PMCID: PMC10016360 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain due to chronic conditions is a frequent and insufficiently addressed problem. Current drug options for pain management (either in cases of chronic inflammatory conditions or neuropathy) do not adequately treat pain. Moreover, they are associated with important adverse events in long term use. Luteolin is a flavonoid widely present in the plant kingdom and its sources have been assembled in a comprehensive list of this paper. Luteolin has shown in several research studies a range of pharmacological properties; anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and analgesic. In this article, we summarize the effects and potential benefits from introducing luteolin as an adjuvant agent in established protocols for pain management. We review the most indicative in vivo and in vitro evidence of how luteolin can target the molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The data reviewed strongly support luteolin's promising benefits in pain management and raise the need for further clinical trials that can establish its role in clinical practice.
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Zhang YQ, Zhang M, Wang ZL, Qiao X, Ye M. Advances in plant-derived C-glycosides: Phytochemistry, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108030. [PMID: 36031083 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-glycosides represent a large group of natural products with a C-C bond between the aglycone and the sugar moiety. They exhibit great structural diversity, wide natural distribution, and significant biological activities. By the end of 2021, at least 754 C-glycosides and their derivatives have been isolated and characterized from plants. Thus far, 66 functional C-glycosyltransferases (CGTs) have been discovered from plants, and provide green and efficient approaches to synthesize C-glycosides. Herein, advances in plant-derived C-glycosides are comprehensively summarized from aspects of structural diversity and identification, bioactivities, and biotechnological production. New strategies to discover novel C-glycosides and CGTs, as well as the applications of biotechnological methods to produce C-glycosides in the future are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Alhakamy NA, Mohamed GA, Fahmy UA, Eid BG, Ahmed OAA, Al-Rabia MW, Khedr AIM, Nasrullah MZ, Ibrahim SRM. New Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Metabolites from Pericarps of Garcinia mangostana. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030384. [PMID: 35330135 PMCID: PMC8950244 DOI: 10.3390/life12030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new benzophenones: garcimangophenones A (6) and B (7) and five formerly reported metabolites were purified from the pericarps EtOAc fraction of Garcinia mangostana ((GM) Clusiaceae). Their structures were characterized by various spectral techniques and by comparing with the literature. The α-amylase inhibitory (AAI) potential of the isolated metabolites was assessed. Compounds 7 and 6 had significant AAI activity (IC50 9.3 and 12.2 µM, respectively) compared with acarbose (IC50 6.4 µM, reference α-amylase inhibitor). On the other hand, 5 had a moderate activity. Additionally, their activity towards the α-amylase was assessed utilizing docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The docking and predictive binding energy estimations were accomplished using reported crystal structure of the α-amylase (PDB ID: 5TD4). Compounds 7 and 6 possessed highly negative docking scores of −11.3 and −8.2 kcal/mol, when complexed with 5TD4, respectively while acarbose had a docking score of −16.1 kcal/mol, when complexed with 5TD4. By using molecular dynamics simulations, the compounds stability in the complexes with the α-amylase was analyzed, and it was found to be stable over the course of 50 ns. The results suggested that the benzophenone derivative 7 may be potential α-amylase inhibitors. However, further investigations to support these findings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Abdulhafiz Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.); (G.A.M.); Tel.: +966-597636182 (G.A.M.)
| | - Gamal Abdallah Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.A.A.); (G.A.M.); Tel.: +966-597636182 (G.A.M.)
| | - Usama Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
| | - Basma Ghazi Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama Abdelhakim Aly Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Wanees Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Health Promotion Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Zahid Nasrullah
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sabrin Ragab Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Preparatory Year Program, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Tesfaye S, Belete A, Engidawork E, Gedif T, Asres K. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Cancer-Like Symptoms in Eleven Districts, Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7683450. [PMID: 32382303 PMCID: PMC7191438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7683450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is no ethnobotanical study conducted specifically on medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer in Ethiopia. Yet, traditional herbalists in different parts of the country claim that they have been treating cancer-like symptoms using herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to document medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer-like symptoms in eleven districts, Ethiopia. Traditional herbalists were interviewed using semistructured questionnaires, and field visits were also carried out to collect claimed plants for identification purpose. Seventy-four traditional herbalists, who claimed that they knew about and/or had used medicinal plants to treat cancer-like symptoms, were selected using the snowball method and interviewed. Herbalists used their intuition and relied on the chronicity, growth of external mass, and spreading of the disease to other parts of the body, as a means to characterize cancer symptoms. Furthermore, in some of the study districts, herbalists reported that they treat patients who had already been diagnosed in modern healthcare institutions prior to seeking help from them. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific and vernacular names of the plants, their geographical location, the parts of the plants, and the methods used to prepare the remedies. A total of 53 traditionally used anticancer plants, belonging to 30 families, were identified during the survey. The most frequently reported anticancer plants were Acmella caulirhiza Del (Asteraceae), Clematis simensis Fresen. (Ranunculaceae), Croton macrostachyus Del. (Euphorbiaceae), and Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf. (Moraceae). Organizing traditional healers, documenting their indigenous knowledge, and scientifically validating it for the development of better cancer therapeutic agents constitute an urgent and important task for policymakers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferi Gedif
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Chemical Constituents of Root Barks of Gnidia involucrata and Evaluation for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities. J Trop Med 2019; 2019:8486214. [PMID: 31485237 PMCID: PMC6710788 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8486214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Gnidia, with species close to 152, is traditionally used to treat wide ranges of ailments in humans and animals. Gnidia involucrata is one of the species found in Ethiopia and traditionally used as a laxative, antirheumatic agent, insecticide, antibacterial agent, and antimalarial agent. In view of its traditional use, the root bark was sequentially extracted with n-hexane, EtOAc, and MeOH to afford 0.78%, 4%, and 6% crude extracts, respectively. The chromatographic separation of the EtOAc extract using silica gel column chromatography yielded three pure compounds: tetratriacontanyl caffeate (1), 12-O-dodeca-2,4-dienoylphorbol-13-acetate (2), and naringenin (3). This is the first report of the isolation of 1 and its kind from the genus and most probably from the Thymelaeaceae family. The structures of these compounds were characterized and identified by NMR and mass spectrometric analyses and comparison with literature data. The EtOAc extract and isolated compounds were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The EtOAc extract (1.5 mg/mL) showed significant inhibitory activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumonia bacterial strains with the highest inhibition zone observed against S. aureus (23 mm), which is even greater than that of the reference drug ciprofloxacin (22 mm). However, the inhibition displayed on these bacterial strains for the three pure compounds was marginal with variable degrees of potency between the compounds. The better activity of the crude extract could be due to the synergistic interactions of several phytochemicals present in the extract, which cannot be the case when pure compounds are evaluated alone. The antioxidant activities of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using DPPH and ferric thiocyanate methods. The EtOAc and MeOH extracts and compounds 1 and 2 were found to inhibit the DPPH radical by 70.7, 66.9, 85.8, and 52.8%, respectively. The EtOAc extract and compound 1 inhibited peroxidation of lipids by 84 and 86%, respectively. The radical scavenging displayed by compound 1 was significant compared with that displayed by ascorbic acid, indicating the strong antilipid peroxidation potential of the extract of root barks of G. involucrata. Therefore, the extracts of the root bark of G. involucrata can be used as a remedy in combating diseases caused by bacteria and free radicals provided that further comprehensive evaluation could be recommended for the conclusive decision on potential candidacy of this plant.
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Osman AG, Ali Z, Fantoukh O, Raman V, Kamdem RST, Khan I. Glycosides of ursane-type triterpenoid, benzophenone, and iridoid from Vangueria agrestis ( Fadogia agrestis) and their anti-infective activities. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:683-691. [PMID: 30325205 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1497031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Four ursane-type triterpenoid glycosides (1-4), two benzophenone glycosides (5 and 6), and one iridoid glucoside (7) were isolated and characterized from the dried roots of Vangueria agrestis. Compounds 1 (3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-xylopyranosyl]pomolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester) and 5 (2-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-6,4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone) were found to be new metabolites. The identity of all compounds has been accomplished, primarily, based on 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRESMS analysis. Compounds 6 and 2, showed inhibitory effect against Trypanosoma brucei with IC50 22.3 µM for 6 and IC50 11.1 µM, IC90 12.3 µM for 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Galal Osman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Omer Fantoukh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Vijayasankar Raman
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ramsay S T Kamdem
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Higher Teachers Training College, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Ikhlas Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
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Nigatu TA, Afework M, Urga K, Ergete W, Makonnen E. Toxicological investigation of acute and chronic treatment with Gnidia stenophylla Gilg root extract on some blood parameters and histopathology of spleen, liver and kidney in mice. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:625. [PMID: 29183389 PMCID: PMC5704563 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In southeast Ethiopia, people locally use the roots of Gnidia stenophylla Gilg (Thymelaeaceae) to cure malaria and other diseases with no literature evidence substantiating its safety. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the safety of the aqueous root extract of G. stenophylla after acute (single dose) and repeated sub chronic oral administration in mice. Results A single oral administration of the extract at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg/kg body weight did not induce any behavioral change and mortality in both sexes. The oral LD50 of the extract was found to be above 6000 mg/kg body weight in mice. Chronic treatment with the extract for 13 weeks did not induce any sign of illness and/or death and had no adverse effect on the body weight. Dose-related elevations of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelets and neutrophils differential and significant decrease in the number of lymphocyte were observed. Liver sections of mice treated with 800 mg/kg body weight, revealed mild inflammations around the portal triads and central veins; whereas the spleen and kidneys appeared normal with no detectable gross morphological and histopathological alteration at both doses. Conclusions The results of this study revealed that aqueous root extract of G. stenophylla Gilg at antimalarial dose is safe even when taken for a longer period. At a higher dose, the extract may have a potential to increase some hematological indices but may induce mild hepatotoxicity as a side effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2964-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Alemayehu Nigatu
- Anatomy Course Team, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekbeb Afework
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kelbessa Urga
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional and Modern Medicine, Vaccines Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Ergete
- Department of Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Cai J, Xin H, Cheng L, Fu Y, Jiang D, Feng J, Fu Q, Jin Y, Liang X. Preparative separation of the polar part from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides using a hydrophilic C18 stationary phase. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1063:149-155. [PMID: 28865331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop a method that utilized a hydrophilic C18 stationary phase in the preparative high performance liquid chromatography to isolate the polar part from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The results showed that an initial mobile phase of pure water for the separation could greatly increase the retention and solubility of the polar compounds at the preparative scale. Introducing polar groups on the surface of the hydrophilic C18 column together with the use of optimized mobile phase compositions improved the column separation selectivity for polar compounds. Eleven previously undescribed compounds in Anemarrhena asphodeloides were obtained, indicating that the method developed in this study would facilitate the purification and separation of the polar part of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Huaxia Xin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lingping Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - YanHui Fu
- Hai Nan Normal University, 99 South Longkun Road, Haikou, 571127, PR China
| | - Dasen Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jiatao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical, Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116203, PR China
| | - Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical, Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116203, PR China
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Nigatu TA, Afework M, Urga K, Ergete W, Gebretsadik TG, Makonnen E. Effect of Oral Administration of Gnidia Stenophylla Gilg Aqueous Root Extract on Food Intake and Histology of Gastrointestinal Tract in Mice. Ethiop J Health Sci 2017; 27:35-46. [PMID: 28458489 PMCID: PMC5390227 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v27i1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aqueous preparations of a medicinal plant, Gnidia stenophylla Gilg (Thymelaeaceae) are commonly used to cure malaria and other ailments in Ethiopia. This study evaluated the safety of the plant extract by determining its effects on food intake and histology of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) after oral administration for 13 weeks in albino mice. Methods Thirty mice were equally assigned to three groups. Group I served as control and received a vehicle while groups II and III were given 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight/day plant extract respectively, orally, for 13 weeks. At the end of the study, the mice were scarified and postmortem gross and histopathological evaluations were performed on their stomachs and intestines. Results Chronic oral treatment with the extract for 13 weeks did not induce any sign of illness and death and had no effect on food intake of the mice. Furthermore, extract treatment at both doses did not produce any detectable gross morphological change in GIT. Microscopic evaluation of sections of the stomach, duodenum and jejunum of the mice treated with 400 mg/kg body weight did not show any histopathological change. In the mice treated with 800 mg/kg body weight, however, the GIT sections revealed cytoplasmic vacuolation, hydropic degeneration and excessive erosion of the surface mucosal cells. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that aqueous root extract of G. stenophylla at effective antimalarial dose is safe even when taken for a longer period in mice. At a higher dose, however, the extract may induce gastrointestinal irritation. Further studies on other vital organs and non-rodent species including humans are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Alemayehu Nigatu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mekbeb Afework
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Kelbessa Urga
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional and Modern Medicine, Vaccines Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Ergete
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Zhang XL, Xu WF, Chen G, Wang HF, Pei YH. Two new phenolic glycosides isolated from the fruits of Citrus aurantium. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:41-44. [PMID: 28259251 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the fruit of Citrus aurantium L.. The compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Two new phenolic glycosides (compounds 1 and 2) were obtained and identified as 1-O-3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl-(6-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 1-O-3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl-(6-O-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Phenolic metabolite profiles and antioxidants assay of three Iridaceae medicinal plants for traditional Chinese medicine “She-gan” by on-line HPLC–DAD coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) and ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 98:40-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Synthesis of Benzophenone Glucopyranosides fromPhaleria macrocarpaand Related Benzophenone Glucopyranosides. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2172-82. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Abdel-Mageed WM, Bayoumi SAH, Chen C, Vavricka CJ, Li L, Malik A, Dai H, Song F, Wang L, Zhang J, Gao GF, Lv Y, Liu L, Liu X, Sayed HM, Zhang L. Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2236-43. [PMID: 24613627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The high mutation rate of RNA viruses has resulted in limitation of vaccine effectiveness and increased emergence of drug-resistant viruses. New effective antivirals are therefore needed to control of the highly mutative RNA viruses. The n-butanol fraction of the stem bark of Mangifera indica exhibited inhibitory activity against influenza neuraminidase (NA) and coxsackie virus 3C protease. Bioassay guided phytochemical study of M. indica stem bark afforded two new compounds including one benzophenone C-glycoside (4) and one xanthone dimer (7), together with eleven known compounds. The structures of these isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and correlated with known compounds. Anti-influenza and anti-coxsackie virus activities were evaluated by determining the inhibition of anti-influenza neuraminidase (NA) from pandemic A/RI/5+/1957 H2N2 influenza A virus and inhibition of coxsackie B3 virus 3C protease, respectively. The highest anti-influenza activity was observed for compounds 8 and 9 with IC50 values of 11.9 and 9.2μM, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 were even more potent against coxsackie B3 virus 3C protease, with IC50 values of 1.1 and 2.0μM, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 showed weak cytotoxic effect against human hepatocellular carcinoma and human epithelial carcinoma cell lines through MTT assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M Abdel-Mageed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Soad A H Bayoumi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Caixia Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Christopher J Vavricka
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huanqin Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Fuhang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Luoqiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yali Lv
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated with Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated with Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Xueting Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Hanaa M Sayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Li CJ, Yang JZ, Yu SS, Zhao CY, Peng Y, Wang XL, Zhang DM. Glomexanthones A–C, three xanthonolignoid C-glycosides from Polygala glomerata Lour. Fitoterapia 2014; 93:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang J, Wang T, Xie P, Yin G, Li X. New phenanthrene derivatives with nitric oxide inhibitory and radical-scavenging activities fromPholidota imbricataHook. Nat Prod Res 2013; 28:251-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2013.847437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vieira AB, Coelho LP, Insuela DBR, Carvalho VF, dos Santos MH, Silva PMR, Martins MA. Mangiferin prevents guinea pig tracheal contraction via activation of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71759. [PMID: 23951240 PMCID: PMC3738528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have described the antispasmodic effect of mangiferin, a natural glucoside xanthone (2-C-β-Dgluco-pyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone) that is present in mango trees and other plants, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the potential contribution of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway to the antispasmodic effect of mangiferin on isolated tracheal rings preparations. The functional effect of mangiferin on allergic and non-allergic contraction of guinea pig tracheal rings was assessed in conventional organ baths. Cultured tracheal rings were exposed to mangiferin or vehicle, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 3 and cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were quantified using western blotting and enzyme immunoassays, respectively. Mangiferin (0.1–10 µM) inhibited tracheal contractions induced by distinct stimuli, such as allergen, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or carbachol, in a concentration-dependent manner. Mangiferin also caused marked relaxation of tracheal rings that were precontracted by carbachol, suggesting that it has both anti-contraction and relaxant properties that are prevented by removing the epithelium. The effect of mangiferin was inhibited by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 µM), and the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1], [2], [4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (10 µM), but not the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)adenine (SQ22536) (100 µM). The antispasmodic effect of mangiferin was also sensitive to K+ channel blockers, such as tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide and apamin. Furthermore, mangiferin inhibited Ca2+-induced contractions in K+ (60 mM)-depolarised tracheal rings preparations. In addition, mangiferin increased NOS3 protein levels and cGMP intracellular levels in cultured tracheal rings. Finally, mangiferin-induced increase in cGMP levels was abrogated by co-incubation with either ODQ or L-NAME. These data suggest that the antispasmodic effect of mangiferin is mediated by epithelium-nitric oxide- and cGMP-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B. Vieira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana P. Coelho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniella B. R. Insuela
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal and Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Alfenas, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia MR. Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Isolation and structure elucidation of phenolic compounds from Cyclopia subternata Vogel (honeybush) intact plant and in vitro cultures. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Zhuravleva OI, Afiyatullov SS, Denisenko VA, Ermakova SP, Slinkina NN, Dmitrenok PS, Kim NY. Secondary metabolites from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus carneus Blochwitz. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 80:123-31. [PMID: 22658281 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated indole alkaloids, carneamides A-C (1-3), quinazolinone derivatives, carnequinazolines A-C (5-7), aryl C-glycosides, carnemycin A, B (8, 9) and a drimane sesquiterpenoid (10), together with known compounds (11-21) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus carneus (Trichocomaceae) KMM 4638. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the several alkaloids were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya I Zhuravleva
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 let Vladivostoku 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
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Liu Q, Guo T, Li W, Li D, Feng Z. Synthesis and Evaluation of BenzophenoneO-Glycosides as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:771-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Wu XD, Cheng JT, He J, Zhang XJ, Dong LB, Gong X, Song LD, Zheng YT, Peng LY, Zhao QS. Benzophenone glycosides and epicatechin derivatives from Malania oleifera. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1068-71. [PMID: 22609684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new benzophenone C-glycoside, malaferin A (1), and two new epicatechin derivatives, malaferin B (2) and malaferin C (3), together with five known compounds were isolated from Malania oleifera. In addition, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-benzoate (6) was isolated for the first time from a natural resource. Structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All of the compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
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Duan YH, Dai Y, Wang GH, Chen HF, Gao H, Chen JB, Yao XS, Zhang XK. Xanthone and benzophenone glycosides from the stems of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:231-4. [PMID: 21297304 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new xanthone glycosides, namely pruniflorosides A and B (1, 2), a new benzophenone glycoside, prunifloroside C (3), and a new xanthone, pruniflorone S (4) were isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum, along with six known xanthones (5-10). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. In addition, their retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) transcriptional activities were evaluated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-hui Duan
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Demirkiran O, Ahmed Mesaik M, Beynek H, Abbaskhan A, Iqbal Choudhary M. Cellular reactive oxygen species inhibitory constituents of Hypericum thasium Griseb. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:244-249. [PMID: 19203769 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum thasium has led to the characterization of four benzophenone derivatives 1-4, a known benzophenone 5 and four known flavonoids, quercetin (6), quercitrin (7), isoquercetin (8), and 3, 8''-biapigenin (9). Lucigenin- and luminal-based chemiluminescence assays were employed to monitor the inhibitory activity of these compounds towards the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by human polymorphoneutrophils (PMNs). The assay results showed that benzophenones 1 and 3 are extracellular inhibitors of ROS production, while flavonoids 6, 8, and 9 can modulate intracellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Demirkiran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey
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Qvit N, Monderer-Rothkoff G, Ido A, Shalev DE, Amster-Choder O, Gilon C. Development of bifunctional photoactivatable benzophenone probes and their application to glycoside substrates. Biopolymers 2008; 90:526-36. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li CJ, Zhang DM, Yu SS. Benzophenone C-glucosides from Polygala glomerata Lour. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2008; 10:329-336. [PMID: 18348056 DOI: 10.1080/10286020701783138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Four new benzophenone C-glucosides, glomeratides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4), along with a known compound arrilanin G (5), have been isolated from the whole plant of Polygala glomerata Lour. Their structures were determined by extensive analyses of their spectral data. Compounds 1-5 showed hepatoprotective activities against d-galactosamine-induced toxicity in WB-F344 rat hepatic epithelial stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Oshimi S, Zaima K, Matsuno Y, Hirasawa Y, Iizuka T, Studiawan H, Indrayanto G, Zaini NC, Morita H. Studies on the constituents from the fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa. J Nat Med 2007; 62:207-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
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Wolfender JL, Queiroz EF, Hostettmann K. Phytochemistry in the microgram domain - a LC-NMR perspective. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2005; 43:697-709. [PMID: 16049954 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants represent an extraordinary reservoir of novel molecules and there is currently a resurgence of interest in the vegetable kingdom as a possible source of new lead compounds for introduction into therapeutical screening programs. In order to discover potential new bioactive natural products, the dereplication of crude plant extracts performed prior to isolation work is of crucial importance for avoiding the isolation of a known constituent. In this respect, chemical screening strategies have been developed using hyphenated techniques (LC/UV-DAD, LC-MS and LC-NMR). In our laboratory, these techniques have been fully integrated into the isolation process and are used for the chemical screening of crude plant extracts in complement with on-line or at-line bioassays. LC-UV-MS is used as a first dereplication step in combination with UV and MS databases, while LC-NMR is performed in a second step for de novo on-line structure determination. This approach enables the partial or the complete on-line identification of natural products in complex matrices such as crude plant extracts. These methods also give a unique possibility to study unstable compounds, which rapidly degrade or which are not separable at a preparative level. In the multi-hyphenated approach used (hypernation), LC-NMR plays a key role since it provides the most detailed structural information. The relatively low sensitivity of this technique, however, requires that strategies for high loading of plant extracts are developed and compromises for solvent selection have to be made. For more demanding experiments, at-line strategies based on the microfractionation of the LC-peak of interest and recording of spectra in fully deuterated solvents in microflow probes represent a promising alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Ecole de Pharmacie Genève-Lausanne, Section des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Genève, Switzerland.
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Peng J, Fan G, Hong Z, Chai Y, Wu Y. Preparative separation of isovitexin and isoorientin from Patrinia villosa Juss by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:111-5. [PMID: 15941046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) with a solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (2:1:3, v/v/v) was used to isolate and separate two C-glycosylflavones from Patrinia villosa Juss, a traditional Chinese medicine. The separation produced 42.9 mg isovitexin and 20.1 mg isoorientin with purities of 99.3% and 98.5%, respectively as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in one step elution from 250 mg crude extract, and identification was performed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. It is the first report of discovering isovitexin and isoorientin from the plant of Patrinia genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Baggett S, Mazzola EP, Kennelly EJ. The benzophenones: Isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART L) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(05)80067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Gamiotea-Turro D, Cuesta-Rubio O, Prieto-González S, De Simone F, Passi S, Rastrelli L. Antioxidative constituents from the leaves of Hypericum styphelioides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:869-871. [PMID: 15165152 DOI: 10.1021/np030364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds have been isolated from the leaves of Hypericum styphelioides. Their structures have been established on the basis of mass spectrometry and 2D NMR techniques as 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-(2',2'-dimethyl-4'-isopropenyl)cyclopentanylxanthone (1) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzophenon-4-beta-d-glucoside (2). Known compounds 5-O-demethylpaxanthonin (3) and 3-geranyl-1-(3-methylbutanoyl)phloroglucinol (4) were also isolated and characterized. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their antioxidative properties in Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) and chemiluminescence (CL) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daylin Gamiotea-Turro
- Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (CQF), 200 & 21, Atabey, Playa, PO Box 16042, Apartado 6990, La Habana, Cuba
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Bringmann G, Lang G, Steffens S, Günther E, Schaumann K. Evariquinone, isoemericellin, and stromemycin from a sponge derived strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 63:437-443. [PMID: 12770594 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
From a strain of the fungus Emericella variecolor derived from the marine sponge Haliclona valliculata, two new natural products, evariquinone and isoemericellin, were isolated after HPLC-UV, -MS, and -NMR studies of the extract and their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments. Evariquinone showed antiproliferative activity towards KB and NCI-H460 cells at a concentration of 3.16 microg/ml. Furthermore, the fungus was found to produce the known metabolites stromemycin, shamixanthone, and 7-hydroxyemodin. Chemical degradation, NMR decoupling experiments, and spin-system simulation provided evidence for the double bonds in stromemycin to be all E-configured. ROESY experiments established the monosaccharide moiety to be glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Liu B, Falkenstein-Paul H, Schmidt W, Beerhues L. Benzophenone synthase and chalcone synthase from Hypericum androsaemum cell cultures: cDNA cloning, functional expression, and site-directed mutagenesis of two polyketide synthases. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 34:847-55. [PMID: 12795704 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone derivatives, such as polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols and xanthones, are biologically active secondary metabolites. The formation of their C13 skeleton is catalyzed by benzophenone synthase (BPS; EC 2.3.1.151) that has been cloned from cell cultures of Hypericum androsaemum. BPS is a novel member of the superfamily of plant polyketide synthases (PKSs), also termed type III PKSs, with 53-63% amino acid sequence identity. Heterologously expressed BPS was a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 42.8 kDa. Its preferred starter substrate was benzoyl-CoA that was stepwise condensed with three malonyl-CoAs to give 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone. BPS did not accept activated cinnamic acids as starter molecules. In contrast, recombinant chalcone synthase (CHS; EC 2.3.1.74) from the same cell cultures preferentially used 4-coumaroyl-CoA and also converted CoA esters of benzoic acids. The enzyme shared 60.1% amino acid sequence identity with BPS. In a phylogenetic tree, the two PKSs occurred in different clusters. One cluster was formed by CHSs including the one from H. androsaemum. BPS grouped together with the PKSs that functionally differ from CHS. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids shaping the initiation/elongation cavity of CHS yielded a triple mutant (L263M/F265Y/S338G) that preferred benzoyl-CoA over 4-coumaroyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benye Liu
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Mendelssohnstrasse 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of leaves and twigs of Gnidia socotrana (Balf. f.) Gilg (Thymelaeaceae), a plant occurring endemically on Socotra Island (Yemen), afforded six novel natural products: two compounds consisting of a flavone and a coumarin moiety connected by a C-C linkage, 7,7'-dihydroxy-3,8'-biscoumarin and three substances with the rare spiro-bis-gamma-lactone structure. The structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franke
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Natur- und Wirkstoffchemie, 3, D-06120 Halle/S., Weinberg, Germany
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Nedialkov PT, Kitanov GM. Two benzophenone O-arabinosides and a chromone from Hypericum annulatum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 59:867-871. [PMID: 11937168 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two benzophenone O-arabinosides, annulatophenonoside (1) and acetylannulatophenonoside (2) were isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum. The structures of the benzophenones were established as 2-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-3',5',6-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (1) and 2-O-alpha-L-3"-acetylarabinofuranosyl-3',5',6-trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2) based on spectral and chemical evidence. A chromone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-methylchromone (3) was isolated from the chloroform extract. Although it has been previously synthesized it is encountered in a plant source for the first time. Co-occurrence of the two new benzophenone O-arabinosides along with the biogenetically related 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskev T Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav str. 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kitanov GM, Nedialkov PT. Benzophenone O-glucoside, a biogenic precursor of 1,3,7-trioxygenated xanthones in Hypericum annulatum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2001; 57:1237-1243. [PMID: 11454351 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two benzophenones, hypericophenonoside (1) and annulatophenone (2) were isolated from the methanol extract of the herb of Hypericum annulatum. The structures of the benzophenones were established as 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4,5',6-tetrahydroxy benzophenone (1) and 2,3',5',6-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (2) based on spectral and chemical evidence. Hypericophenonside is the second benzophenone O-glycoside found in nature. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of (1) led directly to the formation of 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone (gentisein). This fact confirmed the hypothesis that some xanthones could be formed in plants by dehydration of 2,2'-dihydroxybenzophenones, and the intermediate precursors appear to be benzophenone O-glycosides ortho to the carbonyl function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kitanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Dunav str. 2, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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