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Singh B, Nathawat S, Saxena A, Khangarot K, Sharma RA. Enhancement of production of glycoalkaloids by elicitors along with characterization of gene expression of pathways in Solanum xanthocarpum. J Biotechnol 2024; 391:81-91. [PMID: 38825191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Solanum xanthocarpum fruits are used in the treatment of cough, fever, and heart disorders. It possesses antipyretic, hypotensive, antiasthmatic, aphrodisiac and antianaphylactic properties. In the present study, 24 elicitors (both biotic and abiotic) were used to enhance the production of glycoalkaloids in cell cultures of S. xanthocarpum. Four concentrations of elicitors were added into the MS culture medium. The maximum accumulation (5.56-fold higher than control) of demissidine was induced by sodium nitroprusside at 50 mM concentration whereas the highest growth of cell biomass (4.51-fold higher than control) stimulated by systemin at 30 mM concentration. A total of 17 genes of biosynthetic pathways of glycoalkaloids were characterized from the cells of S. xanthocarpum. The greater accumulation of demissidine was confirmed with the expression analysis of 11 key biosynthetic pathway enzymes e.g., acetoacetic-CoA thiolase, 3- hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl synthase, β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, squalene-2,3- epoxide cyclase, cycloartenol synthase, UDP-glucose: solanidine glucosyltransferase and UDP-rhamnose: solanidine rhamno-galactosyl transferase. The maximum expression levels of UDP-rhamnose: solanidine rhamno-galactosyl transferase gene was recorded in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Singh
- AIB, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India.
| | | | - Anuja Saxena
- AIB, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Kiran Khangarot
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Ram A Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Begum T, Munda S, Gupta T, Gogoi R, Choubey VK, Chanda SK, Lekhak H, Sastry GN, Lal M. Stability estimation through multivariate approach among solasodine-rich lines of Solanum khasianum (C.B. Clarke): an important industrial plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143778. [PMID: 37251772 PMCID: PMC10211244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solanum khasianum is a medicinally important plant that is a source of steroidal alkaloids 'solasodine.' It has various industrial applications, including oral contraceptives and other pharmaceutical uses. The present study was based on 186 germplasm of S. khasianum, which were analyzed for the stability of economically important traits like solasodine content and fruit yield. The collected germplasm was planted during Kharif 2018, 2019, and 2020 in RCBD with three replications at the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, India. A multivariate approach for stability analysis was applied to identify stable germplasm of S. khasianum for economically important traits. The germplasm was analyzed for additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), GGE biplot, multi-trait stability index, and Shukla's variance which were evaluated for three environments. The AMMI ANOVA revealed significant GE interaction for all the studied traits. The stable and high-yielding germplasm was identified from the AMMI biplot, GGE biplot, Shukla's variance value, and MTSI plot analysis. Lines no. 90, 85, 70, 107, and 62 were identified as highly stable fruit yielders while, lines no. 1, 146, and 68 were identified as stable high solasodine lines. However, considering both traits, i.e., high fruit yield and solasodine content, MTSI analysis was performed which showed that lines 1, 85, 70,155, 71, 114, 65, 86, 62, 116, 32, and 182 could be used in a breeding program. Thus, this identified germplasm can be considered for further varietal development and could be used in a breeding program. The findings of the present study would be beneficial for the S. khasianum breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twahira Begum
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sunita Munda
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Tanmita Gupta
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Roktim Gogoi
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Vikash Kumar Choubey
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Sanjoy K. Chanda
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Himangshu Lekhak
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - G. N. Sastry
- Advanced Computation and Data Sciences Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India
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Dong Q, Li J, Liu L, Aisa HA, Yili A. Unusual ring B-seco isosteroidal alkaloid, yibeiglycoalkaloids A-E from Fritillaria pallidiflora schrenk. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113351. [PMID: 35973613 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Five previously undescribed steroidal glycoalkaloids(SGAs)and a rare ring B-seco isosteroidal alkaloid, were isolated from Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk, along with six known alkaloids. The structures of these alkaloids were established by comprehensive analyses of the 1D, 2D-NMR and HR-ESI-MS data. Configurations of sugar moieties were resolved by chemical derivations. The isolated compounds showed nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells, and yibeinone exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects among them. This study revealed that the alkaloids from F. pallidiflora might have significant anti-inflammatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Abulimiti Yili
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization and the Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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An activity prediction model for steroidal and triterpenoidal inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:1079-1090. [PMID: 32632601 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the importance of computational methods in the design of therapeutic agents in a more efficient way is indisputable. Particularly, these methods have been important in the design of novel acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitors related to Alzheimer's disease. In this sense, in this report a computational model of linear prediction of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of steroids and triterpenes is presented. The model is based in a correlation between binding energies obtained from molecular dynamic simulations (after docking studies) and [Formula: see text] values of a training set. This set includes a family of natural and semi-synthetic structurally related alkaloids reported in bibliography. These types of compounds, with some structural complexity, could be used as building blocks for the synthesis of many important biologically active compounds Therefore, the present study proposes an alternative based on the use of conventional and easily accessible tools to make progress on the rational design of molecules with biological activity.
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Dos Santos FE, Carvalho MSS, Silveira GL, Correa FF, Cardoso MDG, Andrade-Vieira LF, Vilela LR. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. (Solanaceae) in the plant model Lactuca sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27558-27568. [PMID: 29508193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are rich in biologically active compounds. They can be explored for the production of bioherbicides. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from two Solanaceae species: Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. For this end, we conducted phytochemical screening and biological assays, determining the effects of the extracts on germination, early development, cell cycle, and DNA fragmentation in plantlets and meristematic cells of the plant model Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce). The percentage of seeds germinated under effect of S. muricatum extract did not differ from the control, but plantlet growth was reduced at the highest concentrations. For S. betaceum extract, dose dependence was observed for both germination and plantlet development, with the highest concentrations inhibiting germination. The growth curves revealed the concentrations of 2.06 and 1.93 g/L for S. muricatum and S. betaceum extracts, respectively, as those reducing 50% of root growth (RG). At these concentrations, both extracts presented mitodepressive effect, besides inducing significant increase in the frequency of condensed nuclei, associated to DNA fragmentation and cytoplasmic shrinkage. The frequency of chromosome alterations was not significant. We further discuss the mechanisms of action related to the chemical composition of the extracts, which presented organic acids, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, and tannins, besides catechins and flavonoids, only found in the extract of S. betaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luciane Resende Vilela
- Department of Agriculture, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil
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Comparative Study of the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of the Extracts from Fruits, Leaves and Root Barks of Lycium barbarum. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081585. [PMID: 31013650 PMCID: PMC6514792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruits, leaves and root barks of L. barbarum plant are widely used as functional foods and as ingredients in traditional Chinese prescriptions and patent medicines. They are considered to have different pharmacological activities and health benefits because of their diverse constituents. Here, the chemical constituents of the extracts from fruits, leaves and root barks of L. barbarum were compared by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-MS). A total of 131 compounds were identified and seven of them were quantified. Among them, 98, 28 and 35 constituents were detected in fruits, leaves and root barks respectively. Dicaffeoylspermidine/spermine derivatives were the most detected compounds (74/131); among them, dicaffeoylspermine isomers and propionyl-dicaffeoylspermidine were found in root barks in very large amounts (e.g., kukoamine B = 10.90 mg/g dry powder); dicaffeoyl-spermidine isomers were detected in fruits/leaves in a high amount, and many of their glycosylated derivatives were mainly detected in fruits. In addition, six saponins from L. barbarum fruits were reported for the first time, and 5,6-dihydrosolasonine was reported for the first time in plants. The activity assays showed that the root bark extract possessed the strongest antioxidative activity and cytotoxicity, which was presumed due to the large amount of dicaffeoylspermine/spermidines in root barks. Fourteen potential bioactive components from fruits were identified by a target cell-based screening method. These results will help to understand the different biological activities of these three parts of L. barbarum plant and will benefit the discovery of new functional components.
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Ghisalberti EL. Steroidal Glycoalkaloids: Isolation, Structure, Analysis, and Biosynthesis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the steroidal glycoalkaloids have emerged as an important class of bioactive compounds. Their occurrence in a number of foods and their diverse biological activities has encouraged the development of more efficient procedures for their isolation, purification and analysis, and more sensitive methods of detection and structure determination. This review is mainly concerned with new approaches for the characterization of these metabolites. The formation of artifacts of isolation and purification is discussed. The limited information on their biosynthesis is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio L. Ghisalberti
- Chemistry, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Pandey S, Shukla P, Misra P. Physical state of the culture medium triggers shift in morphogenetic pattern from shoot bud formation to somatic embryo in Solanum khasianum. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1295-1305. [PMID: 30425442 PMCID: PMC6214448 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solanum khasianum is a rich source of steroidal alkaloids that are important secondary metabolites with enormous pharmaceutical uses. Development of plantlets from somatic tissues, under in vitro conditions, takes place both through adventitious shoot bud differentiation or somatic embryogenesis (SE) pathway. We observed that the physical state of medium, solid or liquid, determined the regenerant differentiation patterns from root segment explants in S. khasianum. In the solidified medium, the root segments developed adventitious shoot buds whereas somatic embryos were regenerated in the liquid medium. Varying gradients from liquid to solid medium were further used to confirm the effect of solidified condition on regeneration pathway. Histological analysis of developing shoot buds and somatic embryos was also performed to confirm their development and differentiation patterns. In order to further confirm the developmental pathways, qRT-PCR analysis of the marker genes of SE and shoot regeneration was also performed. While SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE1 (SkSERK1) expression was significantly up-regulated during the early embryogenic stage, the LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (SkLEA) protein was found to be highly expressed in the mature embryos. Expression of the HISTONE DEACETYLASE (HDA6), a repressor of SE related genes, was highly decreased during embryogenesis in the liquid culture. Furthermore, expression of the ENHANCER OF SHOOT REGENERATION (ESR) gene was comparatively increased during shoot regeneration in the culture using solid medium. Our results point out that the physical state of the medium in S. khasianum plays a decisive role in differentiation pattern which was independent of hormonal supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrujeet Pandey
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 U.P. India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Pragya Shukla
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 U.P. India
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pratibha Misra
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001 U.P. India
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Ahmed MM, Andleeb S, Saqib F, Hussain M, Khatun MN, Ch BA, Rahman H. Diuretic and serum electrolyte regulation potential of aqueous methanolic extract of Solanum surattense fruit validates its folkloric use in dysuria. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:166. [PMID: 27255699 PMCID: PMC4891924 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solanum surattense Burm. (Solanaceae) is traditionally used for management of various ailments. The study was conducted for provision of pharmacological justification for folkloric uses of Solanum surattense in the treatment of dysuria. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each of (n = 6). Aqueous methanolic fruit extract of S. surattense were also administered intraperitoneally to the rats at doses of 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg. Furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p) was used as standard drug whereas controls were given saline solution (40 mL/kg i.p). The electrolytes in urine were measured using a flame photometer whereas serum sodium, potassium, calcium, bicarbonate and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined by using an automatic analyzer. Urine osmolality was assayed by the micro-osmometer. RESULTS The extract S. surattense induced diuretic effects in a dose-dependent manner as compared with control. Upon administration of extract (70 and 100 mg/kg), we observed the prominent (p < 0.01) increase in the urine volume and osmolality in comparison to control group. However, plant extract (100 mg/kg) significantly increase the urinary electrolyte excretion especially calcium (p < 0.05) to that of the furosemide whereas level of magnesium remains constant. Moreover, our results showed a decrease in serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but concentration dependent increase in bicarbonate was found in the test groups. There was no substantial change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated groups. CONCLUSION These results indicate that S. surattense investigated exert its action by causing diuresis in the treatment of dysuria.
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Njeh F, Feki H, Koubaa I, Hamed N, Damak M, Ayadi A, Hammami H, Mezghani-Jarraya R. Molluscicidal activity of Solanum elaeagnifolium seeds against Galba truncatula intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica: Identification of β-solamarine. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:726-731. [PMID: 26429590 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1073332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The persistence of fascioliasis in many developing countries urges the search for simple, cheap, and effective substances. In this view, plants provide interesting molluscicidal activities thanks to the secondary metabolites they produce. The genus Solanum is known for its potent effect on vector snails. OBJECTIVE The molluscicidal activity of Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. (Solanaceae) seeds against Galba truncatula Müll. (Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica L. (Fasciolidae), was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solanum elaeagnifolium seeds were powdered and successively extracted using n-hexane, methylene chloride, acetone, and methanol, for 20 h each. After filtration, solvents were evaporated. An acid-base treatment was conducted on seed methanolic extract to isolate total alkaloids and β-solamarine. Total saponins fraction was obtained after successive macerations and evaporations. The molluscicidal activity was evaluated by subjecting snails, in groups of 10, for 48 h to 500 mL of extracts, fractions, and pure product aqueous solutions, each containing amounts, ranging from 1 to 50 mg of plant material in 5 mg increments. RESULTS The methanolic extract of seeds, β-solamarine isolated for the first time from this plant and total saponins fraction showed very potent activities on snails, giving respective median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 1.18, 0.49, and 0.94 mg/L. Total alkaloids fraction obtained from the methanolic extract was less active giving an LC50 value of 14.67 mg/L. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study emphasizes that glycoalkaloids and saponins of Solanum elaeagnifolium are potent molluscicidal agents. Seed methanolic extract, β-solamarine, and total saponins fraction may be used as molluscicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Njeh
- a Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
| | - Houda Feki
- a Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
| | - Imed Koubaa
- a Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
| | - Nejia Hamed
- b Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Damak
- a Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
| | - Ali Ayadi
- b Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Hayet Hammami
- b Fungal and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
- a Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Substances , Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax , Sfax , Tunisia and
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In vivo assessment of genotoxic, antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic activities of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glycoalkaloidic extract. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111999. [PMID: 25405606 PMCID: PMC4236050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Solanum lycocarpum, known as wolf-fruit, are used in folk medicine, and because of that we have evaluated both the genotoxic potential of its glycoalkaloidic extract (SL) and its influence on the genotoxicity induced by methyl methanesulfonate. Furthermore, the potential blocking effect of SL intake in the initial stage of colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was investigated in a short-term (4-week) bioassay using aberrant crypt foci (ACF) as biomarker. The genotoxic potential was evaluated using the Swiss mice peripheral blood micronucleus test. The animals were treated with different doses of SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 days, and the peripheral blood samples were collected at 48 h, 7 days and 14 days after starting the treatment. For antigenotoxicity assessment, MMS was administered on the 14th day, and after 24 h the harvesting of bone marrow and liver cells was performed, for the micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. In the ACF assay, male Wistar rats were given four subcutaneous injections of the carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40 mg/kg b.w.), twice a week, during two weeks to induce ACF. The treatment with SL (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg b.w.) was given for four weeks during and after carcinogen treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects of SL on DMH-induced ACF. The results demonstrated that SL was not genotoxic in the mouse micronucleus test. In animals treated with SL and MMS, the frequencies of micronucleus and extensions of DNA damage were significantly reduced in comparison with the animals receiving only MMS. Regarding the ACF assay, SL significantly reduced the frequency of ACF induced by DMH.
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Attoumbré J, Giordanengo P, Baltora-Rosset S. Solanidine isolation from Solanum tuberosum
by centrifugal partition chromatography. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2379-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Giordanengo
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Institut Sophia Agrobiotech; CNRS 7254 - INRA 1355 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis; Sophia Antipolis France
| | - Sylvie Baltora-Rosset
- EDYSAN FRE 3498 Université de Picardie Jules Verne; Faculté de Pharmacie; Amiens France
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Matsuo Y, Shinoda D, Nakamaru A, Mimaki Y. Steroidal glycosides from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris and their cytotoxic activities. Steroids 2013; 78:670-82. [PMID: 23499825 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal glycosides (1-18), including 10 new compounds (1-10), were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae). The structures of the new compounds were determined by two-dimensional (2D) NMR analysis, and by hydrolytic cleavage followed by spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis. The isolated compounds and their aglycones were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Morphological observation and flow cytometry analysis showed that 5β-spirostanol glycoside (2) and a cholestane derivative (17a) induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells through different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, the (22R)-spirosolanol glycoside (11) selectively induced apoptosis in A549 cells without affecting the caspase-3 activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Patel K, Singh RB, Patel DK. Medicinal significance, pharmacological activities, and analytical aspects of solasodine: A concise report of current scientific literature. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-6189(13)60106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Munari CC, de Oliveira PF, de Souza Lima IM, de Paula Lima Martins S, de Carvalho da Costa J, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glicoalkaloid extract in V79 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yadav AK, Tangpu V. Anthelmintic activity of ripe fruit extract of Solanum myriacanthum Dunal (Solanaceae) against experimentally induced Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) infections in rats. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1047-53. [PMID: 21842379 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there are many effective drugs available to treat intestinal worms, the fact remains that they remain out of reach to a majority of the population in many areas of the world. On the other hand, traditional plant-based remedies continue to be an important therapeutic aid for treating worm infections throughout the world, especially in the developing nations. Solanum myriacanthum Dunal is a perennial shrub that is used in the folk medicine of Tangkhul Naga tribe of India for treating intestinal worms. This study evaluates the anthelmintic activity of its ripe fruit extract using experimental Hymenolepis diminuta (a zoonotic tapeworm) infections in albino rats. The efficacy of extract was adjudged by monitoring the eggs per gram (EPG) count of parasite as well as by the direct count of surviving worms in the intestine following treatment with methanol fruit extract of this plant to different groups of rats harbouring H. diminuta infections. The plant extract showed a dose-dependent reduction of both EPG as well as worm counts for all the developmental stages of H. diminuta in rats. However, the effects of the extract were more apparent on the adult stages than larval or immature stages of the parasite. Against the adult stage, a single oral dose of 800 mg/kg of extract, given for 3 days, showed 60.49% reduction in the EPG counts and 56.60% reduction in the worm counts in the extract-treated group as compared to untreated control. In comparison, the reference drug praziquantel (5 mg/kg) showed 51.81% and 70.00% reduction in the EPG and worm counts, respectively. The LD50 (oral) of the extract was determined to be 3,093.24 mg/kg in rats, and no significant changes were observed in the values of serum glutamate oxalate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, cholesterol and total protein between the extract-treated and control groups of animals. These findings indicate that ripe fruits of S. myriacanthum possess significant anthelmintic property, without any adverse effects to the experimental animals. This may provide a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant against intestinal worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793 022, India.
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Lu Y, Luo J, Kong L. Steroidal alkaloid saponins and steroidal saponins from Solanum surattense. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:668-73. [PMID: 21334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A rare 16β-H steroidal alkaloid saponin (1), an avenacoside-type saponin (2), two steroidal saponins (4, 5), one revised-structure steroidal saponin (3) and six known compounds (6-11) were isolated from aerial parts of Solanum surattense Burm. f. Their structures were established on the basis of physical data, as well as by using spectroscopic (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and chemical analysis methods. Compounds 1 and 11 showed cytotoxicity against A549 cell line with IC(50) values of 20.3 and 15.7μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Chauhan K, Sheth N, Ranpariya V, Parmar S. Anticonvulsant activity of solasodine isolated from Solanum sisymbriifolium fruits in rodents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:194-199. [PMID: 21062107 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.508499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae), commonly known as sticky nightshade, is traditionally used for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although solasodine has been isolated from this plant, little is known about its anticonvulsant and CNS depressant actions. OBJECTIVE We investigated anticonvulsant and CNS depressant effects of solasodine isolated from S. sisymbriifolium using several experimental models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice (n=6) were employed for pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and picrotoxin (PCT)-induced convulsions and thiopental-induced sleep time. Different groups of Wistar albino rats (n=6) were subjected to maximal electroshock (MES) test. Solasodine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid, was isolated from dried fruits of S. sisymbriifolium and identified by GC-MS. RESULTS The results showed that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of solasodine (25 mg/kg) significantly delayed (p < 0.01) latency of hind limb tonic extensor (HLTE) phase in the PCT-induced convulsions. In the MES model, solasodine significantly reduced (p < 0.001) duration of HLTE at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p. in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, solasodine did not produce any significant reduction in PTZ-induced convulsions. Prior treatment of solasodine (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly potentiated thiopental-provoked sleep in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study, for the first time, shows potent anticonvulsant and CNS depressant activities of solasodine. It is likely that solasodine, in part, is responsible for the anticonvulsant and sedative properties of S. sisymbriifolium. The future study should focus on the exact mechanism of action of solasodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Vieira PM, Paula JR, Chen-Chen L. Solanum paniculatum L. Leaf and Fruit Extracts: Assessment of Modulation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity by Micronucleus Test in Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:1424-30. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pabline Marinho Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Realino Paula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Bagalwa JJM, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Sayagh C, Bashwira AS. Evaluation of the biological activity of the molluscicidal fraction of Solanum sisymbriifolium against non target organisms. Fitoterapia 2010; 81:767-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pandurangan A, Khosa RL, Hemalatha S. Antinociceptive activity of steroid alkaloids isolated from Solanum trilobatum Linn. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2010; 12:691-5. [PMID: 20706906 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2010.497997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solasodine (1) was isolated for the first time from the roots of Solanum trilobatum Linn., a member of the Solanaceae, and assessed for its presumed antinociceptive activity using several experimental murine models, viz. the writhing, formalin, and hot plate tests. When used at doses of 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg, this steroidal alkaloid caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease in the nociception induced by an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (p < 0.001). It also led to a significant reduction of the painful sensation caused by formalin in both phases of the formalin test (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the alkaloid produced a significant increase in the reaction time in the hot plate test (p < 0.001). These results suggest that solasodine elicited antinociceptive activity through both central and peripheral mechanisms.
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Vieira PM, Santos SC, Chen-Chen L. Assessment of mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of Solanum paniculatum L. extracts using in vivo micronucleus test in mice. BRAZ J BIOL 2010; 70:601-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842010000300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum paniculatum L. is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Because of the wide use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed at evaluating the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Our results indicate that neither S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf extract nor its ethanolic fruit extract exhibited mutagenic effect in mice bone marrow; however, at higher doses, both extracts presented cytotoxic activity.
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Mennella G, Rotino GL, Fibiani M, D'Alessandro A, Francese G, Toppino L, Cavallanti F, Acciarri N, Lo Scalzo R. Characterization of health-related compounds in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) lines derived from introgression of allied species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7597-603. [PMID: 20527988 DOI: 10.1021/jf101004z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the levels of either the nutraceutical and health-promoting compounds or the antioxidant properties of innovative eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes tolerant and/or resistant to fungi, derived from conventional and non-conventional breeding methodologies (i.e., sexual interspecific hybridization, interspecific protoplast electrofusion, androgenesis, and backcross cycles) in comparison with their allied and cultivated parents. Chemical measures of soluble refractometric residue (SRR), glycoalkaloids (solamargine and solasonine), chlorogenic acid (CA), delphinidin 3-rutinoside (D3R), total phenols (TP), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity, antiradical activity on superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical were carried out in raw fruit and peel of 57 eggplant advanced introgression lines (ILs), of three eggplant recurrent genotypes and of three allied species during 2005 and 2006. The majority of the ILs, obtained after several backcross cycles, showed positive characteristics with respect to the allied parents such as good levels of SRR, CA, D3R, TP, PPO activity, the scavenging activity against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical and, in particular, significantly (p <or= 0.05) reduced concentrations of the toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids, solasonine and solamargine. These results showed the possibility to obtain new eggplant genotypes bearing useful traits derived from the allied parents (i.e., resistance/tolerance to plant pathogen fungi) together with nutraceutical and antioxidant properties typical of the cultivated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mennella
- CRA-ORT, Agricultural Research Council, Research Center for Vegetable Crops, via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy
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Molluscicidal and antiparasitic activity of Solanum nigrum villosum against Galba truncatula infected or uninfected with Fasciola hepatica. J Helminthol 2008; 82:235-9. [PMID: 18462554 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x08982584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study was based on assessments of the molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of Solanum nigrum villosum. This plant has been collected in Tozeur's traditional oases (south-western Tunisia). Molluscicidal activities of leaves, ripe fruit and unripe fruit extracts of S. n. villosum have been assessed in experimental and semi-field conditions on uninfected Galba truncatula. Antiparasitic activities have also been assessed on larval stages (rediae, intraredial germinal masses and cercariae) of the parasite Fasciola hepatica infecting G. truncatula naturally. The unripe fruit extract (LC50 = 41.2 mg l- 1) was more toxic than the leaf (LC50 = 132.5 mg l- 1) and the ripe fruit (LC50 = 172.8 mg l- 1) extracts on the snail after 48 h of treatment. One mg l- 1 of cupric chloride produced the death of 97% of G. truncatula after 25 days of treatment. Solanum n. villosum extracts used at the lethal laboratory concentration in semi-field conditions were also toxic to G. truncatula. The unripe fruit extract was more toxic than the leaf and the ripe fruit extracts on larval stages of F. hepatica. Maximum deterioration rates were obtained with the unripe fruit extract: 65.6% for rediae, 77.8% for cercariae and 27.6% for intraredial germinal masses after 48 h of treating the snails. The possibility of the unripe fruit extract application for the control of G. truncatula and F. hepatica larval stages should be considered.
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Eanes RC, Tek N, Kirsoy O, Frary A, Doganlar S, Almeida AE. Development of Practical HPLC Methods for the Separation and Determination of Eggplant Steroidal Glycoalkaloids and their Aglycones. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070801924741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie C. Eanes
- a Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tek
- a Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemistry Department , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oykum Kirsoy
- b Biology Department , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Anne Frary
- b Biology Department , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sami Doganlar
- b Biology Department , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Adelia E. Almeida
- c Sao Paulo State University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Eanes RC, Tek N. Solid‐Phase Microextraction (SPME) followed by On‐Fiber Derivatization of Solasodine and Solanidine Aglycones of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritchie C. Eanes
- a Science Faculty, Chemistry Department , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tek
- a Science Faculty, Chemistry Department , Izmir Institute of Technology , Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Schwarz A, Pinto E, Haraguchi M, de Oliveira CA, Bernardi MM, de Souza Spinosa H. Phytochemical study of Solanum lycocarpum (St. Hil) unripe fruit and its effects on rat gestation. Phytother Res 2008; 21:1025-8. [PMID: 17628883 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Solanum lycocarpum, St. Hil (Solanaceae) is a common native shrub in the Brazilian cerrado. The fruits are used in folk medicine as a hypoglycaemic agent in the management of diabetes, obesity and to decrease cholesterol levels. In this study the glycoalkaloids, solamargine and solasonine, were isolated from unripe fruits of S. lycocarpum. To evaluate the effects of the fruits on gestation, pregnant rats (n=25) were fed from day 6 to 22 with chow containing 10% of dried and ground unripe fruits. The control group (n=21) received regular chow. During and after the treatment period the dams showed reduced body weight and slower body weight gain, even with no change in food and water intake, evidencing mild maternal toxicity. Gestation was not significantly impaired, although experimental fetuses presented reduced body length at birth. Also, 20% of the treated dams showed one or two dead pups at birth. On day 22 of gestation and on post-natal day 1, the levels of metabolites of the sex hormones oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone were measured in faeces by radioimmunoassay. On post-natal day 1, tissue portions from the dams were collected for histopathological evaluation. No alterations were detected in either study. The results suggest that S. lycocarpum fruit did not impair gestation, however, it did promote mild maternal toxicity and mild fetotoxic effects if ingested as a food source during the gestation period. This study has implications for pregnant women, who employ phytotherapeutic formulations under the impression that they are harmless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schwarz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Koduru S, Jimoh F, Grierson D, Afolayan A. Antioxidant Activity of Two Steroid Alkaloids Extracted from Solanum aculeastrum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2007.160.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Emmanuel S, Ignacimuthu S, Perumalsamy R, Amalraj T. Antiinflammatory activity of Solanum trilobatum. Fitoterapia 2006; 77:611-2. [PMID: 17056205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiinflammatory effect of solasodine (50 mg/kg p.o.), of a purified component named sobatum (50 mg/kg p.o.) and of methanol extract of Solanum trilobatum (100 mg/kg p.o.) was evaluated. All the tested articles showed significant antiinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Emmanuel
- Department of Botany, Andhra Loyola College, Vijayawada, 520 008, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Cataldi TRI, Lelario F, Bufo SA. Analysis of tomato glycoalkaloids by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:3103-10. [PMID: 16200652 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) extracted from tomato leaves and berries (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were separated and identified using optimized reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization (ESI) and ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS). The ESI source polarity and chromatographic conditions were evaluated. The ESI spectra contain valuable information, which includes the mass of SGAs, the mass of the aglycones, and several characteristic fragment ions. Cleavage at the interglycosidic bonds proximal to the aglycones is the most prominent process in the ESI process. A protonated molecule, [M+H]+, accompanied by a mixed adduct ion, [M+H+Na]2+, was observed for alpha-tomatine (i.e., m/z 1034.7 and 528.9) and dehydrotomatine (i.e., m/z 1032.6 and 527.9) in positive ion mode spectra. The structures of these tomato glycoalkaloids were confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry. The identification of a new alpha-tomatine isomer glycoalkaloid, named filotomatine (MW 1033), which shares a common tetrasaccharide structure (i.e., lycotretraose) with alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine, and soladulcidine as an aglycone, is described for the first time. It occurs in significant amounts in the extracts of wild tomato foliage. Multistage mass spectrometry both of the protonated molecules and of the doubly charged ions was used for detailed structural elucidation of SGAs. Key fragmentations and regularities in fragmentation pathways are described and the fragmentation mechanisms involved are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Lequart V, Goethals G, Usubillaga A, Villa P, Cecchelli R, Martin P. Synthesis of chacotriose analogues. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1511-6. [PMID: 15178395 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of three chacotriose analogues, namely beta-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-D-glucopyranose, beta-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[beta-L-fucopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-d-galactopyranose, and alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-alpha-D-galactopyranose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lequart
- Laboratoire des Glucides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, F-80039 Amiens, France
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