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Chen M, Ren X, Sun S, Wang X, Xu X, Li X, Wang X, Li X, Yan X, Li R, Wang Y, Liu X, Dong Y, Fu X, She G. Structure, Biological Activities and Metabolism of Flavonoid Glucuronides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:322-354. [PMID: 34036917 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210521221352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid glucuronides are a kind of natural products which present a flavone linked directly with one or several glucuronides through O-glycoside bond. They had become of interest in natural product research in the past decades for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacteria activities. In particular, the compound breviscapine has a notable effect on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Several other compounds even have antitumor activity. METHODS Through searching the database and reading a large number of documents, we summarized the related findings of flavonoid glucuronides. RESULTS We summarized 211 naturally occurring flavonoid glucuronides in 119 references with their chemical structures, biological activities, and metabolism. A total of 220 references from 1953 to 2020 were cited in this paper according to literature databases such as CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang data, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, NCBI, PubMed, EmBase, etc.. CONCLUSION Flavonoid glucuronides are a class of compounds with various chemical structures and a diverse range of biological activities. And they are thought to be potential candidates for drug discovery, but the specific study on their mechanisms is still limited until now. We hope this article can provide references for natural product researchers and draw more attention to flavonoid glucuronides' biological activities and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Gaimei She
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia 750004, China
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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Berberisinol, a New Flavone from Berberis baluchistanica. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02660-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Stochmal A, Oleszek W. Effect of Acylation of Flavones with Hydroxycinnamic Acids on their Spectral Characteristics. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700200511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The absorption spectra of twenty-one flavones including glycosides of apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol and tricin, nonacylated or acylated with coumaric, ferulic or sinapic acids, were examined to document the influence of acylation on their spectral characteristics. Acylation did not shift the absorption maximum of band II, but the molar absorption coefficients of this band increased 1.3–2.0 fold. Acylation of apigenin and chrysoeriol glycosides did not shift the absorption maximum of band I and the absorption maxima of nonacylated and acylated compounds were at 319–334 nm, but this increased their molar absorption coefficients 1.7–3.0 fold. For luteolin and tricin glycosides, nonacylated compound maxima of absorption of band I were in the range of 342–349 nm. Acylation shifted band I absorption maxima to 329–340 nm and increased their molar absorption coefficient 1.6–1.8 fold. These data document that acylation of flavones leads to significant increase of their absorption in the 280–320 nm region and can be an effective mechanism of protecting plants against UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
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Kera K, Fine DD, Wherritt DJ, Nagashima Y, Shimada N, Ara T, Ogata Y, Sumner LW, Suzuki H. Pathway-specific metabolome analysis with 18O 2-labeled Medicago truncatula via a mass spectrometry-based approach. Metabolomics 2018; 14:71. [PMID: 29780292 PMCID: PMC5948250 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxygen from carbon dioxide, water or molecular oxygen, depending on the responsible enzyme, can lead to a large variety of metabolites through chemical modification. OBJECTIVES Pathway-specific labeling using isotopic molecular oxygen (18O2) makes it possible to determine the origin of oxygen atoms in metabolites and the presence of biosynthetic enzymes (e.g., oxygenases). In this study, we established the basis of 18O2-metabolome analysis. METHODS 18O2 labeled whole Medicago truncatula seedlings were prepared using 18O2-air and an economical sealed-glass bottle system. Metabolites were analyzed using high-accuracy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Identification of the metabolite was confirmed by NMR following UHPLC-solid-phase extraction (SPE). RESULTS A total of 511 peaks labeled by 18O2 from shoot and 343 peaks from root were annotated by untargeted metabolome analysis. Additionally, we identified a new flavonoid, apigenin 4'-O-[2'-O-coumaroyl-glucuronopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-glucuronopyranoside], that was labeled by 18O2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of apigenin 4'-glucuronide in M. truncatula. Using MSn analysis, we estimated that 18O atoms were specifically incorporated in apigenin, the coumaroyl group, and glucuronic acid. For apigenin, an 18O atom was incorporated in the 4'-hydroxy group. Thus, non-specific incorporation of an 18O atom by recycling during one month of labeling is unlikely compared with the more specific oxygenase-catalyzing reaction. CONCLUSION Our finding indicated that 18O2 labeling was effective not only for the mining of unknown metabolites which were biosynthesized by oxygenase-related pathway but also for the identification of metabolites whose oxygen atoms were derived from oxygenase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kera
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Dennis D Fine
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Daniel J Wherritt
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | | | - Norimoto Shimada
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- TOKIWA Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba, 285-0801, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ara
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
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Tkáčová J, Angelovičová M, Capcarová M, Kolesárová A, Schneidgenová M, Pavelková A, Bobko M, Čuboň J. The investigation of alfaalfa effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase in chicken meat in dependence on time storage. POTRAVINARSTVO 2017. [DOI: 10.5219/800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to monitor the effect of adding lucerne meal to chicken feed mixtures. The experiment was conducted at the Department Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. Chickens for meat production - final type Cobb 500 were used in the experiment. Chickens were placed in boxes all together for one group at the beginning of the experiment and from 14 days of age chickens were divided individually into floor enriched cages. Feeding of chickens lasted 38 days. The experiment was carried out without sex segregation. For the production of a feed composition was used alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as lucerne meal, which was added to the feed at a rate of 4%, namely: starter (HYD-01), growth (HYD-02) and final (HYD-03). The control group did not include the addition of lucerne meal. Chickens were fed ad libitum. Chickens were slaughtered after completion of feeding and the meat samples were taken for analysis. The collected samples were stored at -18 °C. Collected samples of meat were analyzed after slaughter chickens at time intervals of 6, 12 and 18 months. In the experiment was monitored the content of supeoxid dismutase in the chicken meat depending on the length of storage time. Superoxide dismutase content was increasing by storage time, while there were some statistically significant differences between groups.
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Dabbou S, Gasco L, Rotolo L, Pozzo L, Tong JM, Dong XF, Rubiolo P, Schiavone A, Gai F. Effects of dietary alfalfa flavonoids on the performance, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:270-277. [PMID: 28728357 PMCID: PMC5767510 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present experiment has tested the effect of dietary alfalfa flavonoids (AAF) supplementation on the productive performances, carcass characteristics, meat quality and lipid oxidation of growing rabbits. Methods One hundred and sixty crossbred rabbits (42 days old) were divided into four groups of forty animals each and were fed either a control diet (AAF0) or an AAF0 diet supplemented with 400, 800, or 1,200 mg of AAF/kg per diet (AAF4, AAF8, and AAF12, respectively) from weaning to slaughtering (102 days old). Performance data were recorded over a period of 60 days. At the end of the trial, 12 rabbits were slaughtered per group, and the carcass characteristics were recorded. Moreover, the plasma, liver and dorsal muscles were sampled from 12 rabbits/group, and were analyzed for lipid oxidation. Results No significant differences were recorded for the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits except for lightness parameter that was lower in the control group. Dietary AAF supplementation significantly (p<0.01) affected the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of the frozen meat in a dose-related manner, with the lowest value (0.24 mg MDA/kg fresh meat) recorded in the AAF12 group samples. Conclusion These findings indicated that the dietary inclusion of AAF in rabbit diets improved muscle oxidation stability with no adverse effects on the growth performance of the animals even if a slight impact on meat lightness color parameter was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Dabbou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Rotolo
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luisa Pozzo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jian Ming Tong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Fang Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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de Oliveira Silva E, Batista R. Ferulic Acid and Naturally Occurring Compounds Bearing a Feruloyl Moiety: A Review on Their Structures, Occurrence, and Potential Health Benefits. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:580-616. [PMID: 33371567 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitous compound 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, also known as ferulic acid (FA), constitutes a bioactive ingredient of many foods that may offer beneficial effects against disorders related to oxidative stress, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant properties of FA, establishing relationships to several biological activities already described for this natural product. Next, 387 naturally occurring compounds, all isolated from plants and published between 1990 and 2015, the structures of which bear 1 or more feruloyl moieties, are covered in this review along with their structural formulas, botanical sources, and bioactivities. The compounds' distribution, structural patterns, bioactivities, and perspectives on food research are also succinctly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane de Oliveira Silva
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry, Federal Univ. of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronan Batista
- Dept. of Organic Chemistry, Inst. of Chemistry, Federal Univ. of Bahia (UFBA), Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, Ondina, 40170-115, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Firdaous L, Fertin B, Khelissa O, Dhainaut M, Nedjar N, Chataigné G, Ouhoud L, Lutin F, Dhulster P. Adsorptive removal of polyphenols from an alfalfa white proteins concentrate: Adsorbent screening, adsorption kinetics and equilibrium study. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ma QG, Li T, Wei RR, Liu WM, Sang ZP, Song ZW. Characterization of Chalcones from Medicago sativa L. and Their Hypolipidemic and Antiangiogenic Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8138-8145. [PMID: 27741571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicago sativa L. is the most important cultivated herbage, known as "the king of forage" and "feed queen", in the world. A total of 8 new chalcones (1-8), and 12 known chalcones (9-20) were isolated from the aerial parts of M. sativa for the first time. Their structures were identified by extensive spectral data and references. The hypolipidemic and antiangiogenic activities of compounds (1-20) were evaluated for the first time. Compounds 3, 4, 11, 12, and 20 (10 μM) exhibited significant hypolipidemic activities by measuring the triglyceride content in HepG2 cells, with simvastatin as the positive control. Moreover, compounds 6, 8, 18, and 19 exhibited moderate antiangiogenic activities, which inhibited vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation in vitro, with IC50 values of 13.86 ± 0.43, 15.53 ± 0.19, 39.52 ± 0.24, and 45.04 ± 0.51 μM, respectively. These research results may guide the search for new natural products with hypolipidemic and antiangiogenic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ge Ma
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rui Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Min Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Pei Sang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Wen Song
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang, Henan 473061, People's Republic of China
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Kowalska I, Cieśla Ł, Oniszczuk T, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Oleszek W, Stochmal A. COMPARISON OF TWO TLC-DPPH•-IMAGE PROCESSING PROCEDURES FOR STUDYING FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS FROM SELECTED VARIETIES OF MEDICAGO SATIVA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.790776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kowalska
- a Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality , Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | - Łukasz Cieśla
- b Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- c Department of Food Process Engineering , Lublin University of Life Sciences , Lublin , Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Oleszek
- a Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality , Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- a Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality , Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
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Cieśla Ł, Kowalska I, Oleszek W, Stochmal A. Free radical scavenging activities of polyphenolic compounds isolated from Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula assessed by means of thin-layer chromatography DPPH˙ rapid test. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:47-52. [PMID: 22745039 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The structure of polyphenolic compounds influences their anti-oxidant potential. Finding a simple, rapid and reliable analytical method to study the structure-activity relationships for numerous samples is challenging. OBJECTIVE To develop a simple thin-layer chromatography-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (TLC-DPPH˙) protocol with image processing to study the influence of the structure of polyphenols on observed direct anti-oxidant properties. METHODOLOGY First, compounds exhibiting free radical scavenging activities were chosen from among the isolated compounds with the application of a rapid TLC dot-blot test. The active ones were further chromatographed on silica gel plates using the mobile phase: acetonitrile:water:chloroform:formic acid (60:15:10:5, v/v/v/v). Subsequently the plates were stained with DPPH˙ methanolic solution. An improved image processing protocol was used to quantitatively measure the polyphenols' activity. RESULTS The application of a properly optimised chromatographic system enabled separation of the investigated compounds from dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) that influences the results of an anti-oxidant test. New solutions enabling better data processing are proposed. It has been discovered that acylation of flavonoid glycosides with hydroxycinnamic acids increases their direct anti-oxidant properties. Some of the analysed glycosides acylated with ferulic acid molecule were found to be the most potent free radical scavengers from among those analysed. The amount of sugar moieties as well as their type also influenced the observed activity. CONCLUSION A simple, rapid and reliable TLC-DPPH˙ test with image processing has been developed enabling comparison of free radical scavenging activity of plant polyphenols. The influence of different structural features on the observed activity was measured successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Cieśla
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Street, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
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Perveen S, El-Shafae AM, Al-Taweel A, Fawzy GA, Malik A, Afza N, Latif M, Iqbal L. Antioxidant and urease inhibitory C-glycosylflavonoids from Celtis africana. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2011; 13:799-804. [PMID: 21830883 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2011.593171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new C-glycosylflavonoids celtisides A (1) and B (2) have been isolated from n-butanol-soluble fraction of Celtis africana, along with five known C-glycosylflavonoids vitexin (3), orientin (4), isoswertiajaponin (5), isoswertisin (6), and 2″-O-rhamnosyl vitexin (7) reported for the first time from this species. Their structures were assigned from 1D and 2D NMR spectra. These compounds were investigated for biological activities and showed significant antioxidant and urease inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Bora KS, Sharma A. Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Medicago sativa: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:211-20. [PMID: 20969516 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.504732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many herbal remedies have so far been employed for the treatment and management of various ailments since the beginning of human civilization. Medicago is an extensive genus of the family Leguminosae, comprising about 83 different species. Medicago sativa (Linn.) has long been used as traditional herbal medicine in China, Iraq, Turkey, India and America for the treatment of a variety of ailments. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to collect all available scientific literature published and combine it into this review. The present review comprises the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and therapeutic potential of M. sativa. METHODS The present review includes 117 references compiled from major databases as Chemical Abstracts, Science Direct, SciFinder, PubMed, Dr. Dukes Phytochemical and Ethnobotany, CIMER, and InteliHealth. RESULTS An exhaustive survey of literature revealed that saponins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, coumarins, alkaloids, amino acids, phytosterols, vitamins, digestive enzymes and terpenes constitute major classes of phytoconstituents of this plant. Pharmacological reports revealed that it is used as neuroprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, antiulcer, antimicrobial, hypolipidemic, estrogenic, and in the treatment of atherosclerosis, heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes and menopausal symptoms in women. CONCLUSION M. sativa seems to hold great potential for in-depth investigation for various biological activities, especially their effects on central nervous and cardiovascular system. Through this review, the authors hope to attract the attention of natural product researchers throughout the world to focus on the unexplored potential of M. sativa, and it may be useful in developing new formulations with more therapeutic value.
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Beh JE, Latip J, Abdullah MP, Ismail A, Hamid M. Scoparia dulcis (SDF7) endowed with glucose uptake properties on L6 myotubes compared insulin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 129:23-33. [PMID: 20193753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Insulin stimulates glucose uptake and promotes the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (Glut 4) to the plasma membrane on L6 myotubes. The aim of this study is to investigate affect of Scoparia dulcis Linn water extracts on glucose uptake activity and the Glut 4 translocation components (i.e., IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, PKB/Akt2, PKC and TC 10) in L6 myotubes compared to insulin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extract from TLC fraction-7 (SDF7) was used in this study. The L6 myotubes were treated by various concentrations of SDF7 (1 to 50 microg/ml) and insulin (1 to 100 nM). The glucose uptake activities of L6 myotubes were evaluated using 2-Deoxy-D-glucose uptake assay in with or without fatty acid-induced medium. The Glut 4 translocation components in SDF7-treated L6 myotubes were detected using immunoblotting and quantified by densitometry compared to insulin. Plasma membrane lawn assay and glycogen colorimetry assay were carried out in SDF7- and insulin-treated L6 myotubes in this study. RESULTS Here, our data clearly shows that SDF7 possesses glucose uptake properties on L6 myotubes that are dose-dependent, time-dependent and plasma membrane Glut 4 expression-dependent. SDF7 successfully stimulates glucose uptake activity as potent as insulin at a maximum concentration of 50 microg/ml at 480 min on L6 myotubes. Furthermore, SDF7 stimulates increased Glut 4 expression and translocation to plasma membranes at equivalent times. Even in the insulin resistance stage (free fatty acids-induced), SDF7-treated L6 myotubes were found to be more capable at glucose transport than insulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we suggested that Scoparia dulcis has the potential to be categorized as a hypoglycemic medicinal plant based on its good glucose transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Ee Beh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Cunningham OD, Edwards R. Modifying the acylation of flavonols in Petunia hybrida. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:2016-2021. [PMID: 18534638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential for chemically-regulating the acylation of natural products in whole plants has been determined by treating petunia leaves with phenylpropanoid acyl donors supplied as the respective methyl esters. Treatment with derivatives of the naturally-occurring acylating species caffeic acid resulted in a general increase in flavonol derivatives, notably caffeoylated quercetin-3-O-diglucoside (QDG) and kaempferol-3-O-diglucoside (KDG). Similarly, methyl ferulate increased the content of feruloylated KDG 40-fold. Treatment with methyl coumarate resulted in the appearance of a coumaroylated derivative of quercetin-3-O-glucuronyl-glucoside (QGGA). When the feeding studies were repeated with the equivalent phenylpropanoid isosubstituted with fluorine groups a semi-synthetic 4-fluorocinnamoyl ester of QGGA was observed. Our results demonstrate the potential to regulate the acylation of flavonols and potentially other natural products by treating whole plants with methyl esters of natural and unnatural acyl donors.
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Ishida S, Okasaka M, Ramos F, Kashiwada Y, Takaishi Y, Kodzhimatov OK, Ashurmetov O. New alkaloid from the aerial parts of Codonopsis clematidea. J Nat Med 2008; 62:236-8. [PMID: 18404331 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-007-0219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A new codonopsine-related alkaloid and 13 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Codonopsis clematidea (Campanulaceae). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and other spectral examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Shomachi 1-78, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan
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Chen F, Srinivasa Reddy MS, Temple S, Jackson L, Shadle G, Dixon RA. Multi-site genetic modulation of monolignol biosynthesis suggests new routes for formation of syringyl lignin and wall-bound ferulic acid in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 48:113-24. [PMID: 16972868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding seven enzymes of the monolignol pathway were independently downregulated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using antisense and/or RNA interference. In each case, total flux into lignin was reduced, with the largest effects arising from the downregulation of earlier enzymes in the pathway. The downregulation of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate/shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, ferulate 5-hydroxylase or caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase resulted in compositional changes in lignin and wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids consistent with the current models of the monolignol pathway. However, downregulating caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase neither reduced syringyl (S) lignin units nor wall-bound ferulate, inconsistent with a role for this enzyme in 3-O-methylation ofS monolignol precursors and hydroxycinnamic acids. Paradoxically, lignin composition differed in plants downregulated in either cinnamate 4-hydroxylase or phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. No changes in the levels of acylated flavonoids were observed in the various transgenic lines. The current model for monolignol and ferulate biosynthesis appears to be an over-simplification, at least in alfalfa, and additional enzymes may be needed for the 3-O-methylation reactions of S lignin and ferulate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
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Jiao RH, Ge HM, Shi DH, Tan RX. An apigenin-derived xanthine oxidase inhibitor from Palhinhaea cernua. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2006; 69:1089-91. [PMID: 16872152 DOI: 10.1021/np060038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fractionation of the ethanol extract of Palhinhaea cernua afforded a new (1) and two known p-coumaroylated apigenin glycosides (2, 3) in addition to dillenetin, rhamnazin, alpha-onocerin, beta-sitosterol, and (E)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated as apigenin-4'-O-(2' '-O-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside by a combination of its spectroscopic data. The new glycoside 1 inhibits xanthine oxidase (IC(50): 23.95 +/- 0.43 microM) in a competitive-noncompetitive manner with K(i) and K(I) values of 14.35 and 93.68 microM, whereas compounds 2 and 3 were inactive. The distribution and significance of acylated flavonoid glycosides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui H Jiao
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Xu LR, Wu J, Zhang S. A new acylated flavonol glycoside from Derris triofoliata. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:9-13. [PMID: 16753776 DOI: 10.1080/10286020500208428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A new acylated flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-[(6''''-feruloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and two known cyclolignan glycosides, (+)-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and ( - )-lyoniresinol-3alpha-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated from n-BuOH extracts of the aerial parts of Derris triofoliata, their structures were determined from spectroscopic and chemical evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Rong Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Flavonoids from Pinus sylvestris needles and their variation in trees of different origin grown for nearly a century at the same area. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-1978(02)00060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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