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Feineis D, Bringmann G. Structural variety and pharmacological potential of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2024; 91:1-410. [PMID: 38811064 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids are a fascinating class of natural biaryl compounds. They show characteristic mono- and dimeric scaffolds, with chiral axes and stereogenic centers. Since the appearance of the last comprehensive overview on these secondary plant metabolites in this series in 1995, the number of discovered representatives has tremendously increased to more than 280 examples known today. Many novel-type compounds have meanwhile been discovered, among them naphthylisoquinoline-related follow-up products like e.g., the first seco-type (i.e., ring-opened) and ring-contracted analogues. As highlighted in this review, the knowledge on the broad structural chemodiversity of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids has been decisively driven forward by extensive phytochemical studies on the metabolite pattern of Ancistrocladus abbreviatus from Coastal West Africa, which is a particularly "creative" plant. These investigations furnished a considerable number of more than 80-mostly new-natural products from this single species, with promising antiplasmodial activities and with pronounced cytotoxic effects against human leukemia, pancreatic, cervical, and breast cancer cells. Another unique feature of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids is their unprecedented biosynthetic origin from polyketidic precursors and not, as usual for isoquinoline alkaloids, from aromatic amino acids-a striking example of biosynthetic convergence in nature. Furthermore, remarkable botanical results are presented on the natural producers of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, the paleotropical Dioncophyllaceae and Ancistrocladaceae lianas, including first investigations on the chemoecological role of these plant metabolites and their storage and accumulation in particular plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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2
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Fayez S, Cacciatore A, Maneenet J, Nguyen HH, Tajuddeen N, Feineis D, Assi LA, Awale S, Bringmann G. Dioncophyllidine E: The first configurationally semi-stable, 7,3'-coupled naphthyldihydroisoquinoline alkaloid, from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus, with antiausterity activity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 86:129234. [PMID: 36905967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, dioncophyllidine E (4), from the tropical liana Ancistrocladus abbreviatus (Ancistrocladaceae) is described. Due to its rare 7,3'-coupling type, combined with the lack of an oxygen function at C-6, it is configurationally semi-stable at the biaryl axis, and thus occurs as a pair of slowly interconverting atropo-diastereomers, 4a and 4b. Its constitution was assigned mainly by 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configuration at the stereocenter, C-3, was elucidated by oxidative degradation. The absolute axial configuration of the individual atropo-diastereomers was established by their HPLC resolution, combined with online electronic circular dichroism (ECD) investigations, providing nearly mirror-imaged LC-ECD spectra. These were assigned to the respective atropisomers by ECD comparison with a related, but configurationally stable alkaloid, ancistrocladidine (5). Dioncophyllidine E (4a/4b) exhibits a strong preferential cytotoxicity against PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells under nutrient-deprived conditions, with a PC50 value of 7.4 µM, suggesting its potential as an agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, 11566 Cairo, Egypt; Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessia Cacciatore
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juthamart Maneenet
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hung Hong Nguyen
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, 810107 Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laurent Aké Assi
- Centre National de Floristique, Université d'Abidjan, Conservatoire et Jardin Botanique, Abidjan 08, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Suresh Awale
- Natural Drug Discovery Laboratory, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Feineis D, Bringmann G. Asian Ancistrocladus Lianas as Creative Producers of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 119:1-335. [PMID: 36587292 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-10457-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This book describes a unique class of secondary metabolites, the mono- and dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. They occur in lianas of the paleotropical Ancistrocladaceae and Dioncophyllaceae families, exclusively. Their unprecedented structures include stereogenic centers and rotationally hindered, and thus likewise stereogenic, axes. Extended recent investigations on six Ancistrocladus species from Asia, as reported in this review, shed light on their fascinating phytochemical productivity, with over 100 such intriguing natural products. This high chemodiversity arises from a likewise unique biosynthesis from acetate-malonate units, following a novel polyketidic pathway to plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids. Some of the compounds show most promising antiparasitic activities. Likewise presented are strategies for the regio- and stereoselective total synthesis of the alkaloids, including the directed construction of the chiral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Fernández LR, Musikant D, Edreira MM. Naturally Occurring Alkaloids, Derivatives, and Semi-synthetic Modifications as Lead Compounds for the Development of New Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Agents. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Lobe MMM, Efange SMN. 3',4'-Dihydro-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,1'-isoquinolin]-2-ones as potential anti-cancer agents: synthesis and preliminary screening. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191316. [PMID: 32218955 PMCID: PMC7029914 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Both tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and oxindoles (OXs) display a broad range of biological activities including anti-cancer activity, and are therefore recognized as two privileged scaffolds in drug discovery. In the present study, 24 3',4'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,1'-isoquinolin]-2-ones, designed as molecular hybrids of THIQ and OX, were synthesized and screened in vitro against 59 cell lines in the NCI-60 screen. Twenty compounds displayed weak to moderate inhibition of cell proliferation; among them, three compounds displayed at least 50% inhibition of cell proliferation. The compounds appeared to target primarily renal cell cancer lines; however, leukaemia, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate, ovarian and even breast cancer cell lines were also affected. Therefore, this class of spirooxindoles may provide useful leads in the search for new anti-cancer agents.
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Devillers J, Devillers H. Toxicity profiling and prioritization of plant-derived antimalarial agents. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:801-824. [PMID: 31565973 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1665844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human malaria is the most widespread mosquito-borne life-threatening disease worldwide. In the absence of effective vaccines, prevention and treatment of malaria only depend on prophylaxis and drug-based therapy either in monotherapy or in combination. Unfortunately, the number of available antimalarial drugs presenting different mechanisms of action is rather limited. In addition, the appearance of drug-resistance in the parasite strains impacts the efficacy of the treatments. As a result, there is a crucial need to find new drugs to circumvent resistance problems. In the quest to identify new antimalarial agents a huge number of plant-derived compounds (PDCs) have been investigated. Surprisingly in the in silico PDC screening programs, toxicity filters are either never used or so simple that their interest is limited. In this context, the goal of this study was to show how to take advantage of validated toxicity QSAR models for refining the selection of PDCs. From an original data set of 507 PDCs collected from the literature, the use of toxicity filters for endocrine disruption, developmental toxicity, and hepatotoxicity in conjunction with classical pharmacokinetic filters allowed us to obtain a list of 31 compounds of potential interest. The pros and cons of such a strategy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Devillers
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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Lv Y, Pu W, Shi L. Copper-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective 1,1-Dicarbofunctionalization of Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:6034-6039. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
| | - Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lihan Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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Lv Y, Pu W, Liu X, Sun J, Cui M. Copper-catalyzed 1,1-arylalkylation of terminal alkynes with diazo esters and organoboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13446-13449. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel copper-catalyzed 1,1-arylalkylation of terminal alkynes with diazo esters and organoboronic acids has been developed to construct (E)-β-aryl-β,γ-unsaturated esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis
| | - Weiya Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xueru Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Jinye Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
| | - Mengxing Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anyang Normal University
- Anyang
- P. R. China
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Chen W, Guo R, Yang Z, Gong J. Formal Total Synthesis of Hybocarpone Enabled by Visible-Light-Promoted Benzannulation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:15524-15532. [PMID: 30484314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formal total synthesis of hybocarpone was achieved in eight steps from commercially available 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. Key transformations include a visible-light-promoted benzannulation to construct the key α-naphthol intermediate and a modified CAN-mediated dimerization/hydration cascade sequence to generate the vicinal all-carbon quaternary centers in a stereocontrolled manner. The total synthesis of boryquinone was also achieved in seven steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Renyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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Tiritan ME, Fernandes C, Maia AS, Pinto M, Cass QB. Enantiomeric ratios: Why so many notations? J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:1-7. [PMID: 30025608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The correct quantification of enantiomers is pivotal in a variety of fields, such as pharmacokinetic studies, enantioselective syntheses, chemical characterization of natural products, authentication of fragrance and food, biodegradation behavior, accurate evaluation of environmental risk, and it can also provide information for sentencing guidance in forensic field. Enantioselective chromatography is the first choice to assess the composition of an enantiomeric mixture. Different notations have been used to express the measured enantiomeric ratios, which compromise the results and represent a challenge for data comparison. This manuscript critically discusses the currently used notations and exemplifies with applications in different fields indicating the advantages and disadvantages of one of the adopted systems. In order to simplify the notations, the use of enantiomeric ratio (e.r.%) as standardization for nonchiroptical methods is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alexandra S Maia
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Quezia B Cass
- SEPARARE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235, São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil.
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Simoben CV, Ntie-Kang F, Akone SH, Sippl W. Compounds from African Medicinal Plants with Activities Against Selected Parasitic Diseases: Schistosomiasis, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:151-169. [PMID: 29744736 PMCID: PMC5971035 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases continue to represent a threat on a global scale, particularly among the poorest countries in the world. This is particularly because of the absence of vaccines, and in some cases, resistance against available drugs, currently being used for their treatment. In this review emphasis is laid on natural products and scaffolds from African medicinal plants (AMPs) for lead drug discovery and possible further development of drugs for the treatment of parasitic diseases. In the discussion, emphasis has been laid on alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, flavonoids and narrower compound classes of compounds with micromolar range activities against Schistosoma, Trypanosoma and Leishmania species. In each subparagraph, emphasis is laid on the compound subclasses with most promising in vitro and/or in vivo activities of plant extracts and isolated compounds. Suggestions for future drug development from African medicinal plants have also been provided. This review covering 167 references, including 82 compounds, provides information published within two decades (1997-2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad V Simoben
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, 00237, Cameroon.
| | - Sergi H Akone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstrasse1, Geb. 26.23, Duesseldorf, 40225, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, 00237, Cameroon
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Toop HD, Brusnahan JS, Morris JC. Concise Total Synthesis of Dioncophylline E through an ortho
-Arylation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason S. Brusnahan
- School of Chemistry and Physics; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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14
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Toop HD, Brusnahan JS, Morris JC. Concise Total Synthesis of Dioncophylline E through an ortho
-Arylation Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8536-8538. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason S. Brusnahan
- School of Chemistry and Physics; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
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Li J, Seupel R, Feineis D, Mudogo V, Kaiser M, Brun R, Brünnert D, Chatterjee M, Seo EJ, Efferth T, Bringmann G. Dioncophyllines C 2, D 2, and F and Related Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids from the Congolese Liana Ancistrocladus ileboensis with Potent Activities against Plasmodium falciparum and against Multiple Myeloma and Leukemia Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:443-458. [PMID: 28121440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dioncophylline F (1), the first 5,8'-coupled dioncophyllaceous alkaloid (i.e., lacking an oxygen function at C-6 and possessing an R-configuration at C-3), was isolated from the recently described Congolese liana Ancistrocladus ileboensis. Two further, likewise Dioncophyllaceae-type, alkaloids, the dioncophyllines C2 (2) and D2 (3), were identified, along with the Ancistrocladaceae-type compound ancistrocladisine B (4), which is oxygenated at C-6 and S-configured at C-3. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic, chemical, and chiroptical methods. The stereostructure of 1 was further confirmed by total synthesis. As a consequence of the lack of a methyl group ortho to their biaryl axes, both dioncophylline F (1) and the 7,8'-coupled dioncophylline D2 (3) occur as pairs of configurationally semistable and, thus, slowly interconverting atropo-diastereomers, whereas dioncophylline C2 (2), with its 5,1'-linkage, is configurationally stable at the axis. Eight further known naphthylisoquinolines were isolated from A. ileboensis, among them dioncophylline A (P-10), its 4'-O-demethyl analogue P-11, and 5'-O-methyldioncophylline D (7), which were found to display strong cytotoxic activities against multiple myeloma INA-6 cells (P-10 even stronger than the standard drug melphalan) and against drug-sensitive acute lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their multidrug-resistant subline, CEM/ADR5000. Moreover, the dioncophyllines 1, 3, and 7 showed high-and specific-activities against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Raina Seupel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Doris Feineis
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Virima Mudogo
- Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa , B.P. 202, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Socinstrasse 57, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz , Staudinger Weg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Ibrahim SR, Mohamed GA. Naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids potential drug leads. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:194-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hemberger Y, Zhang G, Brun R, Kaiser M, Bringmann G. Highly antiplasmodial non-natural oxidative products of dioncophylline A: synthesis, absolute configuration, and conformational stability. Chemistry 2015; 21:14507-18. [PMID: 26272344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Four new compounds, the monomeric dioncotetralones A (6 a) and B (6 b) and the dimeric compounds jozimine A3 (7) and jozimine A4 (9), were semi-synthesized from the natural product dioncophylline A (4) and its 5'-O-demethylated derivative (5), respectively, under phenol oxidative reaction conditions. Dioncotetralones A (6 a) and B (6 b) possess an unprecedented Z-configured double bond, in contrast to the classic biaryl axis that is present in the precursor dioncophylline A (4), and an additional stereogenic center at the C2' atom was generated due to the dearomatization. The resulting steric repulsion forced the expected planar double bond into a helical distorted conformation. The homocoupling of 5 yielded compounds 7 and 9, the latter of which is the first sp(3) -sp(2) coupled product of a monomeric naphthylisoquinoline with a reduced one and, thus, contains a newly generated stereogenic center. The full stereostructures of 6 a, 6 b, 7, and 9 were successfully elucidated by the interplay of spectroscopic methods (1D/2D NMR and electronic circular-dichroism spectroscopy) in combination with quantum-chemical calculations. In addition, compounds 6 a and 7 exhibited high antiplasmodial activities with excellent half-maximal inhibitory concentration values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Hemberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany)
| | - Reto Brun
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel (Switzerland) and University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel (Switzerland) and University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel (Switzerland)
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany).
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Lou Z, Zhang S, Chen C, Pang X, Li M, Wen L. Concise Synthesis of 1-Naphthols under Mild Conditions through a Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Methyl Ketones. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Hanna JN, Ntie-Kang F, Kaiser M, Brun R, Efange SMN. 1-Aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as potential antimalarials: synthesis, in vitro antiplasmodial activity and in silico pharmacokinetics evaluation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, twenty-one 1-aryl-6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) analogues were synthesized by base-catalyzed Pictet–Spengler reaction, and testedin vitroagainstP. falciparumusing the [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Ngo Hanna
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Parasite Chemotherapy
- Swiss Tropical Institute
- Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology Parasite Chemotherapy
- Swiss Tropical Institute
- Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon M. N. Efange
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Buea
- Buea, Cameroon
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Zofou D, Ntie-Kang F, Sippl W, Efange SMN. Bioactive natural products derived from the Central African flora against neglected tropical diseases and HIV. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:1098-120. [PMID: 23817666 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70030e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the medicinal potential of bioactive metabolites isolated from medicinal plants in Central Africa for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases and HIV. A correlation is established between the biological activities of the isolated compounds and the uses of the plants in traditional medicine. Insight is provided on how secondary metabolites from medicinal plants in Central Africa could be exploited for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Zofou
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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21
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Advantages of electronic circular dichroism detection for the stereochemical analysis and characterization of drugs and natural products by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:69-81. [PMID: 23040981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The need for analytical methods for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of chiral compounds increased significantly in the last decades, and enantioselective separation techniques resulted particularly efficient to this purpose. Moreover, when detection systems based on chiroptical properties (optical rotation or circular dichroism) are employed in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the stereochemistry of a chiral analyte can be fully determined. Indeed, the coupling of HPLC with chiroptical detection systems allows the simultaneous assessment of the absolute configuration of stereoisomers and the evaluation of the enantiomeric/diastereomeric excess of samples. These features are particularly important in the study of drugs and natural products provided with biological activity, because the assignment of their absolute stereochemistry is essential to establish reliable structure-activity relationships. The following review aims to discuss the analytical advantages arising from the employment of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) detection systems in stereochemical analysis by HPLC upon chiral and non-chiral stationary phases and their use for the stereochemical characterization of chiral drugs and natural compounds. The different methods for the correlation between absolute stereochemistry and chiroptical properties are critically discussed. Relevant HPLC applications of ECD detection systems are then reported, and their analytical advantages are highlighted. For instance, the importance of the concentration-independent anisotropy factor (g-factor; g=Δɛ/ɛ) for the determination of the stereoisomeric composition of samples upon non-chiral stationary phases is underlined, since its sensitivity makes ECD detection very well suited for the enantioselective analysis of large libraries of chiral compounds in relatively short times.
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22
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Analysis of alkaloids from different chemical groups by different liquid chromatography methods. OPEN CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-012-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlkaloids are biologically active compounds widely used as pharmaceuticals and synthesised as secondary methabolites in plants. Many of these compounds are strongly toxic. Therefore, they are often subject of scientific interests and analysis. Since alkaloids — basic compounds appear in aqueous solutions as ionized and unionized forms, they are difficult for chromatographic separation for peak tailing, poor systems efficiency, poor separation and poor column-to-column reproducibility. For this reason it is necessity searching of more suitable chromatographic systems for analysis of the compounds. In this article we present an overview on the separation of selected alkaloids from different chemical groups by liquid chromatography thus indicating the range of useful methods now available for alkaloid analysis. Different selectivity, system efficiency and peaks shape may be achieved in different LC methods separations by use of alternative stationary phases: silica, alumina, chemically bonded stationary phases, cation exchange phases, or by varying nonaqueous or aqueous mobile phase (containing different modifier, different buffers at different pH, ion-pairing or silanol blocker reagents). Developments in TLC (NP and RP systems), HPLC (NP, RP, HILIC, ion-exchange) are presented and the advantages of each method for alkaloids analysis are discussed.
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Wang C, Chen Y, Xie X, Liu J, Liu Y. Gold-Catalyzed Furan/Yne Cyclizations for the Regiodefined Assembly of Multisubstituted Protected 1-Naphthols. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1915-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202541p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan
Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
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Bringmann G, Gulder T, Gulder TAM, Breuning M. Atroposelective Total Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Natural Products. Chem Rev 2010; 111:563-639. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 909] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias A. M. Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Oliveira AB, Dolabela MF, Braga FC, Jácome RLRP, Varotti FP, Póvoa MM. Plant-derived antimalarial agents: new leads and efficient phythomedicines. Part I. Alkaloids. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 81:715-40. [PMID: 19893898 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000400011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the most serious world health problem and the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the endemic regions. Brazil is among the 30 high-burden countries and most of the cases occur in the Legal Amazonian Region. New chemotherapeutical agents are needed for the treatment of malaria. Many plant species are used in traditional medicines of malarious countries and a relatively few number of these have been investigated for evaluation of their antimalarial effect. Still lower is the number of those that have had the active natural compounds isolated and the toxicity determined. This area is, then, of great research interest. discovery project of antimalarial natural products from plants traditionally used to treat malaria must include in vitro and in vivo assays as well as bioguided isolation of active compounds. The final products would be antimalarial chemical entities, potential new drugs or templates for new drugs development, and/or standardized antimalarial extracts which are required for pre-clinical and clinical studies when the aim is the development of effective and safe phythomedicines. This review discusses these two approaches, presents briefly the screening methodologies for evaluation of antimalarial activity and focuses the activity of alkaloids belonging to different structural classes as well as its importance as new antimalarial drugs or leads and chemical markers for phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaíde B Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Bringmann G, Gulder T, Hertlein B, Hemberger Y, Meyer F. Total Synthesis of the N,C-Coupled Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids Ancistrocladinium A and B and Related Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 132:1151-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9097687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Hertlein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yasmin Hemberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Meyer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Comparative molecular docking of antitrypanosomal natural products into multiple Trypanosoma brucei drug targets. Molecules 2009; 14:1513-36. [PMID: 19384282 PMCID: PMC6254181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14041513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitrypanosomal natural products with different structural motifs previously shown to have growth inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei were docked into validated drug targets of the parasite, which include trypanothione reductase, rhodesain, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and triosephosphate isomerase. The in-silico calculations predicted that lowest energy docked poses of a number of the compounds can interact with catalysis-dependent residues, thus making them possible catalytic inhibitors and of course physiologically active. Compounds that possess a number of hydrogen-bond-accepting and/or -donating groups like phenolics and quinones show extensive interactions with the targets. Compounds like cissampeloflavone, 3-geranylemodin and ningpogenin thus offer profound promise.
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Bringmann G, Gulder TA, Reichert M, Gulder T. The online assignment of the absolute configuration of natural products: HPLC-CD in combination with quantum chemical CD calculations. Chirality 2008; 20:628-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bringmann G, Mutanyatta-Comar J, Knauer M, Abegaz BM. Knipholone and related 4-phenylanthraquinones: structurally, pharmacologically, and biosynthetically remarkable natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:696-718. [DOI: 10.1039/b803784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Osorio EJ, Robledo SM, Bastida J. Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 66:113-90. [PMID: 19025098 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edison J Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Química-Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, A. A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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31
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Tietze LF, Major F, Schuberth I, Spiegl DA, Krewer B, Maksimenka K, Bringmann G, Magull J. Selective Treatment of Cancer: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structural Elucidation of Novel Analogues of the Antibiotic CC-1065 and the Duocarmycins. Chemistry 2007; 13:4396-409. [PMID: 17455190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel diastereomerically pure beta-D-galactosidic prodrugs (+)-12 a-e of the cytotoxic antibiotics CC-1065 and the duocarmycins were prepared for an antibody directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) using 4 as a substrate via a radical cyclization to give rac-5 and rac-6 followed by a chromatographic resolution of the enantiomers of rac-5, glycosidation and linkage to the DNA-binding units 10 a-e. These only slightly toxic compounds can be toxified enzymatically by an antibody-beta-D-galactosidase conjugate at the surface of malignant cells to give the cytotoxic drugs, which then alkylate DNA. The new prodrugs were tested in in vitro cytotoxicity assays showing excellent QIC(50) values of 4800 and 4300 for (+)-12 a and (+)-12 b, respectively. The absolute configuration of precursor (+)-5 was determined by comparison of the experimental CD spectrum with the theoretically predicted CD spectra and by X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz F Tietze
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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32
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Maya JD, Cassels BK, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Ferreira J, Faúndez M, Galanti N, Ferreira A, Morello A. Mode of action of natural and synthetic drugs against Trypanosoma cruzi and their interaction with the mammalian host. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 146:601-20. [PMID: 16626984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge of the biochemistry of Trypanosoma cruzi has led to the development of new drugs and the understanding of their mode of action. Some trypanocidal drugs such as nifurtimox and benznidazole act through free radical generation during their metabolism. T. cruzi is very susceptible to the cell damage induced by these metabolites because enzymes scavenging free radicals are absent or have very low activities in the parasite. Another potential target is the biosynthetic pathway of glutathione and trypanothione, the low molecular weight thiol found exclusively in trypanosomatids. These thiols scavenge free radicals and participate in the conjugation and detoxication of numerous drugs. Inhibition of this key pathway could render the parasite much more susceptible to the toxic action of drugs such as nifurtimox and benznidazole without affecting the host significantly. Other drugs such as allopurinol and purine analogs inhibit purine transport in T. cruzi, which cannot synthesize purines de novo. Nitroimidazole derivatives such as itraconazole inhibit sterol metabolism. The parasite's respiratory chain is another potential therapeutic target because of its many differences with the host enzyme complexes. The pharmacological modulation of the host's immune response against T. cruzi infection as a possible chemotherapeutic target is discussed. A large set of chemicals of plant origin and a few animal metabolites active against T. cruzi are enumerated and their likely modes of action are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Diego Maya
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 70000, Santiago 7, Santiago, Chile
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Etkin NL. The co-evolution of people, plants, and parasites: biological and cultural adaptations to malaria. Proc Nutr Soc 2007; 62:311-7. [PMID: 14506878 DOI: 10.1079/pns2003244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The urgency generated by drug-resistant strains of malaria has accelerated anti-malarial drug research over the last two decades. While synthetic pharmaceutical agents continue to dominate research, attention increasingly has been directed to natural products. The present paper explores the larger context in which plant use occurs and considers how the selection of medicinal plants has evolved over millennia as part of the larger human effort to mediate illness. First attention is directed to indigenous medicinal plants whose anti-malarial activity is based on an oxidant mode of action, by which intracellular constituents lose electrons (become more electropositive). Next, parallels are drawn between these plant substances and a suite of malaria-protective genetic traits: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; haemoglobins S, C and E; α- and β-thalassemias. These erythrocyte anomalies are classic examples of Darwinian evolution, occurring in high frequency in populations who have experienced considerable selective pressure from malaria. Characterized by discrete loci and pathophysiologies, they are united through the phenomenon of increased erythrocyte oxidation. In this model, then, oxidant anti-malarial plants are culturally constructed analogues, and molecular mimics, of these genetic adaptations. To further reinforce the scheme, it is noted that the anti-malarial action of pharmaceutical agents such as chloroquine and mefloquine duplicates both the genetic anomalies and the folk therapeutic models based in oxidant plants. This discussion coheres around a theoretical foundation that relates plant secondary metabolites (oxidants) to plasmodial biochemistry and human biological and cultural adaptations to malaria. Co-evolution provides a theoretical link that illuminates how medical cultures manage the relationships among humans, plants, herbivores and their respective pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Etkin
- Department of Anthropology, Division of Health Ecology, School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
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Bringmann G, Kajahn I, Reichert M, Pedersen SEH, Faber JH, Gulder T, Brun R, Christensen SB, Ponte-Sucre A, Moll H, Heubl G, Mudogo V. Ancistrocladinium A and B, the First N,C-Coupled Naphthyldihydroisoquinoline Alkaloids, from a Congolese Ancistrocladus Species. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9348-56. [PMID: 17137361 DOI: 10.1021/jo061626w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and structural elucidation of three novel-type naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrocladinium A and B (the latter along with its atropisomer), from a Congolese Ancistrocladus species collected in the habitat Yeteto is reported. Their structures, including all stereochemical features, were elucidated by spectroscopic, chemical, and chiroptical methods. Ancistrocladinium A and B are the first N,C-coupled naphthyldihydroisoquinoline alkaloids found in nature, i.e., with an iminium-aryl axis. Although ancistrocladinium A, which is N,8'-coupled, is configurationally stable at this axis, ancistrocladinum B and its rotational isomer are based on a hitherto unprecedented N,6'-coupling type, with a slow rotation about the hetero biaryl axis at room temperature; they thus occur as a 46:54 mixture of two configurationally semistable atropo-diastereomers. For the isomerization of (P)-ancistrocladinium B to its (M)-diastereomer and for the opposite direction, the Gibbs free energies of activation were determined to be DeltaG double dagger1 = 105.8 kJ mol-1 and DeltaG double dagger2 = 105.7 kJ mol-1, respectively. In addition, the compounds were shown to have promising antileishmanial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Dardonville C. Recent advances in antitrypanosomal chemotherapy: patent literature 2002 – 2004. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.9.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Bringmann G, Price Mortimer AJ, Keller PA, Gresser MJ, Garner J, Breuning M. Atropselektive Synthese axial-chiraler Biaryle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200462661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bringmann G, Price Mortimer AJ, Keller PA, Gresser MJ, Garner J, Breuning M. Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5384-427. [PMID: 16116589 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200462661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1072] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A rotationally hindered and thus stereogenic biaryl axis is the structurally and stereochemically decisive element of a steadily growing number of natural products, chiral auxiliaries, and catalysts. Thus, it is not surprising that significant advances have been made in the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral biaryl compounds over the past decade. In addition to the classic approach (direct stereoselective aryl-aryl coupling), innovative concepts have been developed in which the asymmetric information is introduced into a preformed, but achiral-that is, symmetric or configurationally labile-biaryl compound, or in which an aryl--C single bond is stereoselectively transformed into an axis. This Review classifies these strategies according to their underlying concepts and critically evaluates their scope and limitations with reference to selected model reactions and applications. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Germany.
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Bringmann G, Lang G, Mühlbacher J, Schaumann K, Steffens S, Rytik PG, Hentschel U, Morschhäuser J, Müller WEG. Sorbicillactone A: a structurally unprecedented bioactive novel-type alkaloid from a sponge-derived fungus. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2005; 37:231-53. [PMID: 15825646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deals with the discovery of sorbicillactone A, as an illustrative example of the fruitful cooperation within BIOTECmarin--its isolation and chemical characterization, and its biological activities. Sorbicillactone A was isolated from a strain of Penicillium chrysogenum cultured from a sample of the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia fasciculata; it possesses a unique bicyclic lactone structure, seemingly derived from sorbicillin. Among the numerous known sorbicillin-derived structures, it is the first found to contain nitrogen and thus the first representative of a novel type of 'sorbicillin alkaloids', apparently originating from a likewise remarkable biosynthesis. Furthermore, the compound exhibits promising activities in several mammalian and viral test systems, in particular a highly selective cytostatic activity against murine leukemic lymphoblasts (L5178y) and the ability to protect human T cells against the cytopathic effects of HIV-1. These properties qualify sorbicillactone A or one of its derivatives for animal and (hopefully) also future therapeutic human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Bringmann G, Dreyer M, Faber JH, Dalsgaard PW, Staerk D, Jaroszewski JW, Ndangalasi H, Mbago F, Brun R, Christensen SB. Ancistrotanzanine C and related 5,1'- and 7,3'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:743-748. [PMID: 15165131 DOI: 10.1021/np0340549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, the 7,3'-coupled ancistrotanzanine C (6), the 5,1'-coupled O-methylancistrocladinine (7), and the likewise 5,1'-coupled O,N-dimethylancistrocladine (8, previously known only as a partial-synthetic compound), have been isolated from the highland liana Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis, along with the two known 7,3'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids ancistrocladidine (4) and ancistrotectorine (5). All of the compounds are S-configured at C-3 and bear an oxygen at C-6, and thus belong to the so-called Ancistrocladaceae type, similar to 1-3 previously isolated from this newly discovered plant species. The structural elucidation was achieved by chemical, spectroscopic, and chiroptical methods. The biological activities of the alkaloids against the pathogens causing malaria tropica, leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease, and African sleeping sickness were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Bringmann G, Dreyer M, Faber JH, Dalsgaard PW, Staerk D, Jaroszewski JW, Ndangalasi H, Mbago F, Brun R, Reichert M, Maksimenka K, Christensen SB. Ancistrotanzanine A, the first 5,3'-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid, and two further, 5,8'-linked related compounds from the newly described species Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:1159-1165. [PMID: 14510589 DOI: 10.1021/np030077b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first phytochemical investigation of the recently discovered East African liana Ancistrocladus tanzaniensis is described, resulting in the isolation and structural elucidation of two new naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, ancistrotanzanines A (5) and B (6), and the known compound ancistrotectoriline A (7). Ancistrotazanine A (5) represents a hitherto unprecedented 5,3'-coupling type between the naphthalene and isoquinoline portions, while 6 and 7 are 5,8'-coupled. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic, chemical, and chiroptical methods. Compounds 5 and 6 showed good activities against the pathogens of leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi, while 5-7 displayed moderately potent antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium falciparum parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Bringmann G, Messer K, Schwöbel B, Brun R, Aké Assi L. Habropetaline A, an antimalarial naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid from Triphyophyllum peltatum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 62:345-349. [PMID: 12620347 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The isolation, structural elucidation, and antiprotozoal activities of habropetaline A, a novel naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid from Triphyophyllum peltatum, are described. This alkaloid had previously only been identified on line, by the LC-MS/MS-NMR-CD triad, in the crude extract of the rare and difficult-to-provide related plant species Habropetalum dawei, whose small quantities available had not permitted to isolate the compound. As predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigations, habropetaline A exhibits strong antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, while it is inactive against other protozoal pathogens (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesience, T. cruzi, and Leishmania donovani).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Bringmann G, Rummey C. 3D QSAR investigations on antimalarial naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids by comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA), based on different alignment approaches. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCIENCES 2003; 43:304-16. [PMID: 12546566 DOI: 10.1021/ci025570s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
3D QSAR models based on the CoMSIA descriptor fields were established using a diverse data set of 53 antimalarial biaryl compounds (tested in vitro against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum), consisting mainly of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, but also including phenylanthraquinone structures and naphthylindenes. For the alignment, two commercially available automated approaches, FLEXS and GASP, were compared; initially none of them succeeded in treating the important phenomenon of axial chirality correctly, but after some manual refinement of the alignments initially obtained, the best overall model, based on a modified FLEXS alignment, showed a q(2) (cross-validated r(2)) of 0.818 (eight components), using only the hydrophobic and the H-bond donor and acceptor fields. Using a test set of five compounds the model showed a squared multiple correlation coefficient for the test set (predictive r(2)) of 0.578. The analysis of the 3D contour maps permitted interesting conclusions about the effects of particular functional groups on the biological activity and will now guide the design of novel, hopefully even more active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bringmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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