1
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Han H, Thériault JF, Chen G, Lin SX. Substrate inhibition of 17β-HSD1 in living cells and regulation of 17β-HSD7 by 17β-HSD1 knockdown. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:36-45. [PMID: 28554725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses first the role of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) in breast cancer (BC) cells. The enzyme has a high estrone-activating activity that is subject to strong substrate inhibition as shown by enzyme kinetics at the molecular level. We used BC cells to verify this phenomenon in living cells: estrone concentration increase did reduce the reaction with 0.025 to 4μM substrate. Moreover, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) demonstrated some inhibition of estrogen activation at both the molecular and cellular levels. The presence of DHT did not change the tendency toward substrate inhibition for estrone conversion, but shifted the inhibition toward higher substrate concentrations. Moreover, a binding study demonstrated that both DHT and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be bound to the enzyme, thereby supporting the multi-specificity of 17β-HSD1. We then followed the concentrations of estradiol and performed q-RT-PCR measurements of reductive 17β-HSDs after 17β-HSD1 inhibition. The estradiol decrease by the 17β-HSD1 inhibition was demonstrated lending support to this observation. Knockdown and inhibition of 17β-HSD1 produced reduction in estradiol levels and the down-regulation of another reductive enzyme 17β-HSD7, thus "amplifying" the reduction of estradiol by the 17β-HSD1 modulation itself. The critical positioning of 17β-HSD7 in sex-hormone-regulation as well as the mutual regulation of steroid enzymes via estradiol in BC, are clearly demonstrated. Our study demonstrates that fundamental enzymological mechanisms are relevant in living cells. Moreover, further enzyme study in cells is merited to advance biological and medical research. We also demonstrated the central role of 17β-HSD7 in sex-hormone conversion and regulation, supporting it as a novel target for estrogen-dependent (ER+) BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada; Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jean-François Thériault
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Quebec Research Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1V4G2, Canada.
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2
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Structural analysis and biomedical potential of novel salicyloyloxy estrane derivatives synthesized by microwave irradiation. Struct Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-015-0678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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3
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Gargano EM, Allegretta G, Perspicace E, Carotti A, Van Koppen C, Frotscher M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Inhibition: Discovery of Selective and Metabolically Stable Compounds Inhibiting Both the Human Enzyme and Its Murine Ortholog. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134754. [PMID: 26230928 PMCID: PMC4521925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of a new class of inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis and its comparative h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2 SAR study are described. 17a is the first compound to show strong inhibition of both h17β-HSD2 and m17β-HSD2, intracellular activity, metabolic stability, selectivity toward h17β-HSD1, m17β-HSD1 and estrogen receptors α and β as well as appropriate physicochemical properties for oral bioavailability. These properties make it eligible for pre-clinical animal studies, prior to human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele M. Gargano
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Allegretta
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Enrico Perspicace
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Angelo Carotti
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sandrine Marchais-Oberwinkler
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail: (RWH); (SMO)
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail: (RWH); (SMO)
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4
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Poirier D. Contribution to the development of inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 7: key tools for studying and treating estrogen-dependent diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:83-94. [PMID: 21182944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) belong to a group of key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones by catalyzing the reduction of 17-ketosteroids or the oxidation of 17β-hydroxysteroids. From three members known in the early nineties, the 17β-HSD functional family has grown to 15 members over the last 20 years. This growing number of 17β-HSD isoforms questioned the importance of each member, especially in their implication in estrogen- and androgen-dependent diseases, such as breast and prostate cancers. One of the strategies used to address the physiological importance of 17β-HSDs is to use potent and selective inhibitors. Furthermore, enzyme inhibitors could also be of therapeutic interest by reducing the level of estradiol (E2). Focusing on estrogens, we targeted 17β-HSD types 1 and 7, two enzymes able to transform the weak estrogen estrone (E1) into the potent estrogen E2. The present review article gives a description of different classes of inhibitors of 17β-HSD1 (C6-derivatives of E2, C16-derivatives of E2 as alkylating and dual action compounds, E2-adenosine hybrids, E2-simplified adenosine hybrids, and C16-derivatives of E1 or E2) and of inhibitors of 17β-HSD7, all these inhibitors developed in our laboratory. The chemical structures and inhibitory activity of these steroidal inhibitors, their potential as therapeutic agents, and their use as tools to elucidate the role of these enzymes in particular biological systems will be discussed. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Laval University (Faculty of Medicine) and CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Genomic Unit), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec (Quebec) G1V 4G2, Canada.
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5
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Farhane S, Fournier MA, Maltais R, Poirier D. Convergent stereoselective and efficient synthesis of furanic-steroid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Bérubé M, Delagoutte F, Poirier D. Preparation of 6beta-estradiol derivative libraries as bisubstrate inhibitors of 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type using the multidetachable sulfamate linker. Molecules 2010; 15:1590-631. [PMID: 20336003 PMCID: PMC6257402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry is a powerful tool used to rapidly generate a large number of potentially biologically active compounds. In our goal to develop bisubstrate inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) that interact with both the substrate (estrone or estradiol) and the cofactor (NAD(P)H) binding sites, we used parallel solid-phase synthesis to prepare three libraries of 16beta-estradiol derivatives with two or three levels of molecular diversity. From estrone, we first synthesized a sulfamate precursor that we loaded on trityl chloride resin using the efficient multidetachable sulfamate linker strategy recently developed in our laboratory. We then introduced molecular diversity [one or two amino acid(s) followed by a carboxylic acid] on steroid nucleus by Fmoc peptide chemistry. Finally, after a nucleophilic cleavage, libraries of 30, 63 and 25 estradiol derivatives were provided. A library of 30 sulfamoylated estradiol derivatives was also generated by acidic cleavage and its members were screened for inhibition of steroid sulfatase. Biological evaluation on homogenated HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 of the estradiol derivatives carrying different oligoamide-type chains at C-16 first revealed that three levels of molecular diversity (a spacer of two amino acids) were necessary to interact with the adenosine part of the cofactor binding site. Second, the best inhibition was obtained when hydrophobic residues (phenylalanine) were used as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL), Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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7
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Bellavance É, Luu-The V, Poirier D. Potent and Selective Steroidal Inhibitors of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 7, an Enzyme That Catalyzes the Reduction of the Key Hormones Estrone and Dihydrotestosterone. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7488-502. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900921c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Édith Bellavance
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology, CHUQ (CHUL) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Van Luu-The
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology, CHUQ (CHUL) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology, CHUQ (CHUL) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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8
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Bérubé M, Poirier D. Design, chemical synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of simplified estradiol–adenosine hybrids as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of estradiol (E2) derivatives were designed to interact with both the substrate- and the cofactor-binding sites of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1). These analogues of potent E2–adenosine hybrid inhibitor EM-1745, where the adenosine moiety was replaced by a more stable benzene derivative, were synthesized from estrone using alkene cross-metathesis and Sonogashira coupling reactions as key steps. In vitro biological evaluation of these steroid derivatives revealed that a spacer of 13 methylenes, between the 16β-position of E2 and the adenosine mimic bearing a carboxylic acid group, gave the best inhibition of 17β-HSD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bérubé
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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9
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Bérubé M, Poirier D. Improved synthesis of EM-1745, preparation of its C17-ketone analogue and comparison of their inhibitory potency on 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 24:832-43. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360802399761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bérubé
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, CHUQ-CHUL Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, CHUQ-CHUL Research Center, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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10
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Tremblay MR, Boivin RP, Luu-The V, Poirier D. Inhibitors of type 1 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with reduced estrogenic activity: Modifications of the positions 3 and 6 of estradiol. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 20:153-63. [PMID: 15968820 DOI: 10.1080/14756360500043307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer affecting women. Among all endocrine therapies for the treatment of breast cancer, inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis is becoming an interesting complementary approach to the use of antiestrogens. The enzyme type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of estradiol catalyzing preferentially the reduction of estrone into estradiol, the most active estrogen. Consequently, this enzyme is an interesting biological target for designing drugs for the treatment of estrogen-sensitive diseases such as breast cancer. Our group has reported the synthesis and the biological evaluation of N-methyl, N-butyl 6beta-(thiaheptamamide)estradiol as a potent reversible inhibitor of type 1 17beta-HSD. Unfortunately, this inhibitor has shown an estrogen effect, thus reducing its possible therapeutic interest. Herein three strategies to modify the biological profile (estrogenicity and inhibitory potency) of the initial lead compound were reported. In a first approach, the thioether bond was replaced with a more stable ether bond. Secondly, the hydroxyl group at position 3, which is responsible for a tight binding with the estrogen receptor, was removed. Finally, the amide group of the side-chain was changed to a methyl group. Moreover, the relationship between the inhibitory potency and the configuration of the side-chain at position 6 was investigated. The present study confirmed that the 6beta-configuration of the side chain led to a much better inhibition than the 6alpha-configuration. The replacement of the 3-OH by a hydrogen atom as well as that of the amide group by a methyl was clearly unfavorable for the inhibition of type 1 17beta-HSD. Changing the thioether for an ether bond decreased by 10-fold the estrogenic profile of the lead compound while the inhibitory potency on type 1 17beta-HSD was only decreased by 5-fold. This study contributes to the knowledge required for the development of compounds with the desired profile, that is, a potent inhibitor of type 1 17beta-HSD without estrogen-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Tremblay
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUL Research Center and Université Laval, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, Qc G1V 4G2, Canada
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11
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Schuster D, Nashev LG, Kirchmair J, Laggner C, Wolber G, Langer T, Odermatt A. Discovery of Nonsteroidal 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore-Based Screening of Virtual Compound Libraries. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4188-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm800054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Lyubomir G. Nashev
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Johannes Kirchmair
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Laggner
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, and Center of Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck—CMBI, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Inte:Ligand Software-Entwicklungs and Consulting GmbH, Marihilferstrasse 74B/11, A-1070 Wien, Austria
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12
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Bydal P, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Poirier D. Steroidal lactones as inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5: chemical synthesis, enzyme inhibitory activity, and assessment of estrogenic and androgenic activities. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:632-44. [PMID: 18472187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Androgens are well known to play a predominant role in prostate cancer and other androgen-dependent diseases. To decrease the level of androgen testosterone in the prostate, we are interested in developing inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD5). This enzyme expressed in the prostate is one of the two enzymes able to convert 4-androstene-3,17-dione into testosterone. From a screening study, it was found that a series of steroid derivatives bearing a lactone on D-ring demonstrated potent inhibition of 17beta-HSD5 over-expressed in HEK-293 cells. The results of enzymatic assays using intact cells indicated that a C18-steroid (estradiol or 3-deoxyestradiol) backbone and a spiro-delta-lactone (six-member ring) are important for a strong inhibitory activity. Moreover, the presence of a dimethyl group at the alpha-position of the lactone carbonyl increases the selectivity of the inhibitor toward 17beta-HSD5. Compound 26, a 3-deoxyestradiol derivative with a dimethylated spiro-delta-lactone at position 17, possesses the most potent inhibitory activity for 17beta-HSD5 (IC(50)=2.9 nM). It showed no binding affinity for estrogen, androgen, progestin and glucocorticoid receptors (ER, AR, PR and GR). A weak proliferative effect was, however, observed on ZR-75-1 (ER+) cells in culture at high concentration (1 microM), but not at 0.03 microM. Interestingly, no significant proliferative effect was detected on Shionogi (AR+) cells in culture in the presence of 0.1 and 1 microM of lactone 26.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bydal
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUL Research Center and University Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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13
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Fournier D, Poirier D, Mazumdar M, Lin SX. Design and synthesis of bisubstrate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: overview and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2298-306. [PMID: 18372081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD1) is a key steroidogenic enzyme that catalyses the reduction of steroid estrone into the most potent endogenous estrogen estradiol using the cofactor NAD(P)H. Bisubstrate inhibition is a good way to enhance the potency of inhibitors of cofactor-assisted enzymes. The design of a bisubstrate inhibitor of 17beta-HSD1, the estradiol/adenosine hybrid EM-1745, is reviewed and strategies for future designs of inhibitors are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fournier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ - Pavillon CHUL and Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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14
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Ciobanu LC, Poirier D. Synthesis of Libraries of 16β-Aminopropyl Estradiol Derivatives for Targeting Two Key Steroidogenic Enzymes. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:1249-59. [PMID: 16986200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries, each consisting of 48 16beta-aminopropyl estradiol derivatives, phenols and sulfamates, respectively, were synthesized by solid-phase parallel chemistry through a seven-step reaction sequence. Following the attachment of a C18-steroid sulfamate precursor on a trityl chloride resin, diversity elements were first introduced on the 16beta-aminopropyl chain of the steroid by acylation reactions with eight Fmoc-amino acids. After deprotection, the free amine function of the resulting compounds was reacted with six carboxylic acids for the introduction of a second diversity level. The two variants employed for the cleavage of compounds from the solid support, acidic and nucleophilic, allowed the corresponding libraries of sulfamate and phenol derivatives in yields of 8-50 % and 13-58 % to be obtained with an average HPLC purity of 94 % and 91 %, respectively. Potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors and interesting SAR results were generated from the screening of the sulfamate library. Furthermore, moderate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD resulted from the partial screening of phenol library. Thus, these two categories of compounds were synthesized to rapidly identify potential inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis for the hormonal therapy of estrogen-dependent diseases, and also to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of the recently developed sulfamate linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu C Ciobanu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Canada
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15
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Ki CD, Chang JY. Preparation of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymeric Nanocapsule with Potential Use in Delivery Applications. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma052480q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Do Ki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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16
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Poirier D, Chang HJ, Azzi A, Boivin RP, Lin SX. Estrone and estradiol C-16 derivatives as inhibitors of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 248:236-8. [PMID: 16337735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2005.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three series of steroid derivatives, enones 1, enols 2 and saturated alcohols 3, were easily synthesized from estrone according to a sequence of three reactions: an aldol condensation with an aromatic aldehyde (R(a-g)CHO) to afford 1, the carbonyl reduction of 1 to obtain the enol 2, and the double bond reduction of 2 to give 3 with the R(a-g) group 16beta-oriented. All compounds were tested as inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD. The inhibitory potency increases in the following order 1<2<3, suggesting that the presence of a flexible 16beta-methylene group allows a better positioning of the aryl moiety. With an IC50 of 0.8 microM, the 16beta-benzyl-E2 (3a) is the best inhibitor in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL and University Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Que., Canada G1V 4G2.
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17
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Poirier D, Boivin RP, Tremblay MR, Bérubé M, Qiu W, Lin SX. Estradiol−Adenosine Hybrid Compounds Designed to Inhibit Type 1 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase. J Med Chem 2005; 48:8134-47. [PMID: 16366595 DOI: 10.1021/jm058235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The steroidogenic enzyme type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) is involved in the synthesis of estradiol (E(2)), a hormone well-known to stimulate the growth of estrogen-sensitive tumors. To obtain compounds able to control E(2) formation, two moieties were linked with a methylene side chain: an adenosine moiety for interacting with the cofactor-binding site and an E(2) moiety for interacting with the substrate-binding site. When tested as inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD, the hybrid compounds inhibited the reductive activity (E(1) into E(2)) with IC(50) values ranging from 52 to 1,000 nM. The optimal side-chain length was determined to be eight methylene groups for a 16 beta-orientation. The presence of two components (E(2) and adenosine) is essential for good inhibition, since 16 beta-nonyl-E(2) and 5-nonanoyl-O-adenosine, two compounds having only one of the components, did not inhibit the enzyme. Moreover, the 3D-structure analysis of EM-1,745 complexed with type 1 17beta-HSD showed key interactions with both substrate- and cofactor-binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL and Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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18
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Kim TH, Ki CD, Cho H, Chang T, Chang JY. Facile Preparation of Core−Shell Type Molecularly Imprinted Particles: Molecular Imprinting into Aromatic Polyimide Coated on Silica Spheres. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0502708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kim
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Chang Do Ki
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Heesook Cho
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Taihyun Chang
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, and the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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20
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Lawrence HR, Vicker N, Allan GM, Smith A, Mahon MF, Tutill HJ, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Novel and potent 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2759-62. [PMID: 15828812 DOI: 10.1021/jm049045r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based drug design using the crystal structure of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) led to the discovery of novel, selective, and the most potent inhibitors of 17beta-HSD1 reported to date. Compounds 1 and 2 contain a side chain with an m-pyridylmethyl-amide functionality extended from the 16beta position of a steroid scaffold. A mode of binding is proposed for these inhibitors, and 2 is a steroid-based 17beta-HSD1 inhibitor with the potential for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani R Lawrence
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
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21
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Bérubé M, Poirier D. Synthesis of Simplified Hybrid Inhibitors of Type 1 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase via Cross-Metathesis and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions. Org Lett 2004; 6:3127-30. [PMID: 15330604 DOI: 10.1021/ol048820u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] The inhibitor of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase EM-1745 (1) exhibits affinity for both the substrate (estrone or estradiol) and the cofactor (NAD(P)H) binding domains. However, to increase its bioavailability, this compound needs to be simplified. The efficient and convergent synthesis of simplified substrate/cofactor hybrid inhibitors (compounds 2) involving a cross-metathesis and a Sonogashira coupling reaction as key steps is described. Compounds 2a-c were also tested as enzyme inhibitors and compared to EM-1745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bérubé
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center and Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec, Qc, G1V 4G2, Canada
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22
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Bydal P, Auger S, Poirier D. Inhibition of type 2 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring: structure-activity relationships. Steroids 2004; 69:325-42. [PMID: 15219411 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral conversion of steroid precursors into biologically active forms can be a major source of steroid synthesis, and these steroids support the growth of hormone-dependent diseases. The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) enzyme family is involved in the biosynthesis of active steroids and its inhibition constitutes an interesting approach for treating estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancers. We previously found that a compound formed by the introduction of a spiro-gamma-lactone at position 17 of estradiol (E2) produces a significant inhibition of type 2 17beta-HSD. To optimize the inhibitory potency of such compounds, we synthesized a series of estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring and tested their ability to inhibit the type 2 17beta-HSD transformation of 4-androstenedione into testosterone. The results of our structure-activity relationship study determined the importance of the 17beta-orientation of the oxygen atom. Indeed, the 17beta-O-isomer of spiro-gamma-lactone-E2 is a much more potent inhibitor than the 17alpha-O-analog (respectively 85 and 9% of inhibition at 1 microM). The carbonyl function is essential since the percentage of inhibition shifts from 85 to 30%, 15, or 3%, when the carbonyl group is transformed into a hydroxyl, a methoxy or a methylene (cycloether) group, respectively. Our results lead us to realize the importance of the spirolactone versus the C17beta-O/C16beta lactone (respectively 32 and 2% of inhibition at 0.1 microM, for the same size of lactone ring). The optimal size for the spirolactone was also established to be six members. All the types of substituents (methyl, dimethyl, allyl, propyl, and methoxycarbonyl) that we added on the spiro-delta-lactone moiety decreased the inhibitory activity, suggesting steric restrictions for the space that can be occupied in proximity of the spiro-delta-lactone functionality. 17-(Spiro-delta-lactone)-E2, compound 6, was thus the most potent inhibitor of type 2 17beta-HSD with a K(i) value of 29 +/- 5 nM. This compound reversibly inhibits type 2 17beta-HSD in a non-competitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bydal
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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23
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Lim CH, Ki CD, Kim TH, Chang JY. Use of an Aromatic Polyimide as a Non-Cross-Linked Molecular Imprinting Material. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035199p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hyun Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Chang Do Ki
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
| | - Ji Young Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, ENG445, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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Poirier D, Boivin RP, Bérubé M, Lin SX. Synthesis of a First Estradiol-Adenosine Hybrid Compound. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120023440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ki CD, Oh C, Oh SG, Chang JY. The use of a thermally reversible bond for molecular imprinting of silica spheres. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14838-9. [PMID: 12475312 DOI: 10.1021/ja0277881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A silica monomer-estrone complex (EstSi) having a thermally cleavable urethane bond and a cross-linkable triethoxysilane group was synthesized. From EstSi and TEOS, spherical silica particles with sizes of 1.5-3 mum were prepared. The template molecules were removed from the silica matrix by heating at 180 degrees C in DMSO in the presence of water, generating a cavity with an amino group. The control silica particles that had the same sizes and shapes were obtained with aminopropyl triethoxysilane and TEOS. When ethylene glycol was added in place of H2O, an ethyl alcoholic group was formed in the cavity. Their recognition ability and specific binding for estrone were characterized by uptake experiments. The estrone-imprinted silica particles showed a much higher recognition ability than the control silica particles and higher selectivity for estrone than testosterone propionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Do Ki
- Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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26
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Qiu W, Campbell RL, Gangloff A, Dupuis P, Boivin RP, Tremblay MR, Poirier D, Lin SX. A concerted, rational design of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors: estradiol-adenosine hybrids with high affinity. FASEB J 2002; 16:1829-31. [PMID: 12223444 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0026fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human estrogenic 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD type 1) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of active estrogens that stimulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Based on the initial premise to make use of the binding energies of both the substrate and cofactor sites, and molecular modeling starting from the enzyme structure, several estradiol-adenosine hybrids were designed and synthesized. Among these hybrids, EM-1745 with a linker of 8-CH2 groups is proved to be the best competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 3.0 +/- 0.8 nM. The crystal structure of the EM-1745 enzyme complex at 1.6 A provides evidence at atomic resolution of strong interactions between both the steroid and cofactor moieties and the enzyme molecule, as illustrated by a deltaA-weighted 2Fo-Fc electron density map contoured at 3.0 delta. The substrate entry loop is further stabilized in this complex compared with previous complexes of the enzyme. These results confirm our initial strategy of combining studies of structural biology and enzyme mechanism in the inhibitor design, which may be applied to other steroidogenic enzymes involved in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL) and Laval University, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
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