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Braddock AA, Theodorakis EA. Marine Spirotetronates: Biosynthetic Edifices That Inspire Drug Discovery. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040232. [PMID: 31010150 PMCID: PMC6521127 DOI: 10.3390/md17040232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirotetronates are actinomyces-derived polyketides that possess complex structures and exhibit potent and unexplored bioactivities. Due to their anticancer and antimicrobial properties, they have potential as drug hits and deserve further study. In particular, abyssomicin C and tetrocarcin A have shown significant promise against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and tuberculosis, as well as for the treatment of various lymphomas and solid tumors. Improved synthetic routes to these compounds, particularly the class II spirotetronates, are needed to access sufficient quantities for structure optimization and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Braddock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
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2
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Lacoske M, Theodorakis EA. Spirotetronate polyketides as leads in drug discovery. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:562-75. [PMID: 25434976 PMCID: PMC4380204 DOI: 10.1021/np500757w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of chlorothricin (1) defined a new family of microbial metabolites with potent antitumor antibiotic properties collectively referred to as spirotetronate polyketides. These microbial metabolites are structurally distinguished by the presence of a spirotetronate motif embedded within a macrocyclic core. Glycosylation at the periphery of this core contributes to the structural complexity and bioactivity of this motif. The spirotetronate family displays impressive chemical structures, potent bioactivities, and significant pharmacological potential. This review groups the family members based on structural and biosynthetic considerations and summarizes synthetic and biological studies that aim to elucidate their mode of action and explore their pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle
H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California,
San Diego, 9500 Gilman
Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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Yang XL, Awakawa T, Wakimoto T, Abe I. Three Acyltetronic Acid Derivatives: Noncanonical Cryptic Polyketides fromAspergillus nigerIdentified by Genome Mining. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1578-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vieweg L, Reichau S, Schobert R, Leadlay PF, Süssmuth RD. Recent advances in the field of bioactive tetronates. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1554-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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Biosynthesis of tetronate antibiotics: A growing family of natural products with broad biological activities. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Synthetic studies of the spirocyclic cyclohexene part of versipelostatin, a novel GRP78/Bip molecular chaperone downregulator. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:147-54. [PMID: 23361359 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2012.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spirocyclic part consisting of an α-acylated tetronic acid and a multisubstituted cyclohexene embedded in versipelostatin, a novel GRP78/Bip molecular chaperone downregulator, has been synthesized in enantiomerically pure form. The asymmetric synthesis of the targeted spiro[4.5]-1-oxa-7-decen-2,4-dione derivative was characterized by (1) stereoselective allylation at the α-carbon of methylmalonate diester, in which one carboxylic acid was esterified with a D-glucose-derived chiral template, (2) construction of the tetrasubstituted cyclohexenone substructure by high-yielding ring-closing metathesis and (3) stereoselective construction of the spirocyclic tetronic acid part starting from the cyclohexenone obtained as the ring-closing metathesis product.
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Gottardi EM, Krawczyk JM, von Suchodoletz H, Schadt S, Mühlenweg A, Uguru GC, Pelzer S, Fiedler HP, Bibb MJ, Stach JEM, Süssmuth RD. Abyssomicin biosynthesis: formation of an unusual polyketide, antibiotic-feeding studies and genetic analysis. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1401-10. [PMID: 21656887 PMCID: PMC3625739 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira M Gottardi
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
| | - Joanna M Krawczyk
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
| | - Hanna von Suchodoletz
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
| | - Simone Schadt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
| | - Agnes Mühlenweg
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
| | - Gabriel C Uguru
- School of Biology, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Stefan Pelzer
- B.R.A.I.N. AktiengesellschaftDarmstädter Strasse 34, 64673 Zwingenberg (Germany)
| | - Hans-Peter Fiedler
- Dept. of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen (Germany)
| | - Mervyn J Bibb
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes CentreNorwich, NR4 7UH (UK)
| | - James E M Stach
- School of Biology, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für ChemieStrasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin (Germany), Fax: (+49) 30-314-79651
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Igarashi Y, Yu L, Miyanaga S, Fukuda T, Saitoh N, Sakurai H, Saiki I, Alonso-Vega P, Trujillo ME. Abyssomicin I, a modified polycyclic polyketide from Streptomyces sp. CHI39. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1943-1946. [PMID: 21028891 DOI: 10.1021/np100292h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abyssomicin I (1), a new modified polycyclic polyketide, was isolated from the culture extract of a soil-derived Streptomyces sp. The structure of 1 was elucidated by interpretation of NMR and other spectroscopic data. The stereochemistry of the new compound was assigned by NOE analysis, chemical derivatization, and application of the modified Mosher method. While 1 was inactive against bacteria and yeasts, the oxidized derivative 7 showed weak activities against gram-positive bacteria. Compounds 1 and 7 exhibited inhibitory effects on tumor cell invasion with IC(50) values of 11 and 0.21 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Ueda JY, Takagi M, Shin-ya K. Two novel decanedienamide derivatives, JBIR-07 and -08, from Streptomyces versipellis4083-SVS6. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:1337-41. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410902906942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tanaka H, Yoshizawa A, Chijiwa S, Ueda JY, Takagi M, Shin-ya K, Takahashi T. Efficient Synthesis of the Deoxysugar Part of Versipelostatin by Direct and Stereoselective Glycosylation and Revision of the Structure of the Trisaccharide Unit. Chem Asian J 2009; 4:1114-25. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ueda JY, Chijiwa S, Takagi M, Shin-ya K. A Novel Versipelostatin Analogue, Versipelostatin F Isolated from Streptomyces versipellis 4083-SVS6. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 61:752-5. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2008.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Demydchuk Y, Sun Y, Hong H, Staunton J, Spencer JB, Leadlay PF. Analysis of the tetronomycin gene cluster: insights into the biosynthesis of a polyether tetronate antibiotic. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1136-45. [PMID: 18404760 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic gene cluster for tetronomycin (TMN), a polyether ionophoric antibiotic that contains four different types of ring, including the distinctive tetronic acid moiety, has been cloned from Streptomyces sp. NRRL11266. The sequenced tmn locus (113 234 bp) contains six modular polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and a further 27 open-reading frames. Based on sequence comparison to related biosynthetic gene clusters, the majority of these can be assigned a plausible role in TMN biosynthesis. The identity of the cluster, and the requirement for a number of individual genes, especially those hypothesised to contribute a glycerate unit to the formation of the tetronate ring, were confirmed by specific gene disruption. However, two large genes that are predicted to encode together a multifunctional PKS of a highly unusual type seem not to be involved in this pathway since deletion of one of them did not alter tetronomycin production. Unlike previously characterised polyether PKS systems, oxidative cyclisation appears to take place on the modular PKS rather than after transfer to a separate carrier protein, while tetronate ring formation and concomitant chain release share common mechanistic features with spirotetronate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Demydchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
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Schobert R, Schlenk A. Tetramic and tetronic acids: an update on new derivatives and biological aspects. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4203-21. [PMID: 18334299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Significant developments in the isolation of tetramic acids and tetronic acids, in the elucidation of their biosyntheses and their biological activities and in laboratory syntheses are reviewed with a focus on those derivatives with medicinal and pharmacological relevance. Important new members of the title compound families isolated since the year 2000 are covered as well as new biological aspects of some earlier congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Park HR, Chijiwa S, Furihata K, Hayakawa Y, Shin-Ya K. Relative and Absolute Configuration of Versipelostatin, a Down-Regulator of Molecular Chaperone GRP78 Expression. Org Lett 2007; 9:1457-60. [PMID: 17352484 DOI: 10.1021/ol070042t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Versipelostatin is the first compound which specifically inhibits the expression of GRP78 and the resultant robust cell death under stress conditions, in contrast to the weak cytotoxicity under normal conditions. Versipelostatin consists of a macrocyclic aglycone with an alpha-acyltetronic acid and three sugar moieties. The relative and absolute configuration of the aglycone moiety was established to be 4S, 5S, 6R, 9S, 10S, 13S, 16R, 18R, 19R, 20R, 24R, 27R, and 29S utilizing NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryong Park
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Dembitsky VM. Astonishing diversity of natural surfactants: 2. Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides. Lipids 2005; 40:219-48. [PMID: 15957249 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyether glycosidic ionophores and macrocyclic glycosides are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. These biologically active natural surfactants are good prospects for the future chemical preparation of compounds useful as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or in industry. More than 300 interesting and unusual natural surfactants are described in this review article, including their chemical structures and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Walton LJ, Corre C, Challis GL. Mechanisms for incorporation of glycerol-derived precursors into polyketide metabolites. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 33:105-20. [PMID: 16187096 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Several polyketide secondary metabolites are shown by feeding experiments to incorporate glycerol-derived 3-carbon starter units, 2-carbon extender units, or 3-carbon branches into their hydrocarbon chains. In recent years, genetic studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms by which this occurs. In this article we review the incorporation of glycerol-derived precursors into polyketides and propose new mechanisms for the incorporation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Oikawa H, Tokiwano T. Enzymatic catalysis of the Diels–Alder reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2004; 21:321-52. [PMID: 15162222 DOI: 10.1039/b305068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies on enzymes catalyzing the Diels- Alder reaction. often named "Diels-Alderases", clearlydemonstrated the involvement of this synthetically useful reaction in the biosynthesis of natural products.This review covers natural Diels-Alder type cycloadducts. synthetic efforts on the chemical feasibility ofthe biosynthctic Diels - Alder reaction and a brief history of studies on Diels-Alderases. In addition,reaction mechanisms of artificial and natural Diels--Alderases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Jo Nishi 8 Chome, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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