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Mittapalli RR, Kumari H. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of the Marine-Derived Alkaloid Fascaplysin and Its Metabolites Homofascaplysins A-C. Molecules 2024; 29:1590. [PMID: 38611869 PMCID: PMC11013045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fascaplysin and homofascaplysin class of marine natural products has a characteristic 12H-pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole pentacyclic structure. Fascaplysin was isolated in 1988 from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis bergquist sp. The analogs of fascaplysin, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, were discovered late in the Fijian sponge F. reticulate, and also have potent antimicrobial activity and strong cytotoxicity against L-1210 mouse leukemia. In this review, the total synthesis of fascaplysin and its analogs, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, will be reviewed, which will offer useful information for medicinal chemistry researchers who are interested in the exploration of marine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
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2
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Zhidkov ME, Sidorova MA, Smirnova PA, Tryapkin OA, Kachanov AV, Kantemirov AV, Dezhenkova LG, Grammatikova NE, Isakova EB, Shchekotikhin AE, Pak MA, Styshova ON, Klimovich AA, Popov AM. Comparative Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antitumor Activities of 9-Phenylfascaplysin and Its Analogs. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38393024 PMCID: PMC10890213 DOI: 10.3390/md22020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of our own preliminary studies, the derivative of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin containing a phenyl substituent at C-9 was selected to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that this compound has outstandingly high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in vitro. The presence of a substituent at C-9 of the framework is of fundamental importance, since its replacement to neighboring positions leads to a sharp decrease in the selectivity of the antibacterial action, which indicates the presence of a specific therapeutic target in bacterial cells. On a model of the acute bacterial sepsis in mice, it was shown that the lead compound was more effective than the reference antibiotic vancomycin seven out of nine times. However, ED50 value for 9-phenylfascaplysin (7) was similar for the unsubstituted fascaplysin (1) in vivo, despite the former being significantly more active than the latter in vitro. Similarly, assessments of the anticancer activity of compound 7 against various variants of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice demonstrated its substantial efficacy. To conduct a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and searches of new candidate compounds, we synthesized a series of analogs of 9-phenylfascaplysin with varying aryl substituents. However, these modifications led to the reduced aqueous solubility of fascaplysin derivatives or caused a loss of their antibacterial activity. As a result, further research is required to explore new avenues for enhancing its pharmacokinetic characteristics, the modification of the heterocyclic framework, and optimizing of treatment regimens to harness the remarkable antimicrobial potential of fascaplysin for practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim E. Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Maria A. Sidorova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Polina A. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Oleg A. Tryapkin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Kachanov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kantemirov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lyubov G. Dezhenkova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia E. Grammatikova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B. Isakova
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Laboratory of Chemical Transformation of Antibiotics, Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga N. Styshova
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Anna A. Klimovich
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
| | - Aleksandr M. Popov
- Departments of Biotechnology and Marine Natural Compounds Chemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia (A.A.K.)
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Tryapkin OA, Kantemirov AV, Dyshlovoy SA, Prassolov VS, Spirin PV, von Amsberg G, Sidorova MA, Zhidkov ME. A New Mild Method for Synthesis of Marine Alkaloid Fascaplysin and Its Therapeutically Promising Derivatives. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:424. [PMID: 37623705 PMCID: PMC10455802 DOI: 10.3390/md21080424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascaplysin is a marine alkaloid which is considered to be a lead drug candidate due to its diverse and potent biological activity. As an anticancer agent, fascaplysin holds a great potential due to the multiple targets affected by this alkaloid in cancer cells, including inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and induction of intrinsic apoptosis. At the same time, the studies on structural optimization are hampered by its rather high toxicity, mainly caused by DNA intercalation. In addition, the number of methods for the syntheses of its derivatives is limited. In the current study, we report a new two-step method of synthesis of fascaplysin derivatives based on low temperature UV quaternization for the synthesis of thermolabile 9-benzyloxyfascaplysin and 6-tert-butylfascaplysin. 9-Benzyloxyfascaplysin was used as the starting compound to obtain 9-hydroxyfascaplysin. However, the latter was found to be chemically highly unstable. 6-tert-Butylfascaplysin revealed a significant decrease in DNA intercalation when compared to fascaplysin, while cytotoxicity was only slightly reduced. Therefore, the impact of DNA intercalation for the cytotoxic effects of fascaplysin and its derivatives needs to be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A. Tryapkin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Alexey V. Kantemirov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Dyshlovoy
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.A.D.); (G.v.A.)
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir S. Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.P.); (P.V.S.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.P.); (P.V.S.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum—University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (S.A.D.); (G.v.A.)
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria A. Sidorova
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maxim E. Zhidkov
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Institute of High Technologies and Advanced Materials, FEFU Campus, Far Eastern Federal University, Ajax Bay 10, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.V.K.); (M.A.S.)
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Study of Structure–Activity Relationships of the Marine Alkaloid Fascaplysin and Its Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030185. [PMID: 35323484 PMCID: PMC8949187 DOI: 10.3390/md20030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine alkaloid fascaplysin and its derivatives are known to exhibit promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. However, toxicity of these molecules to non-cancer cells was identified as a main limitation for their clinical use. Here, for the very first time, we synthesized a library of fascaplysin derivatives covering all possible substituent introduction sites, i.e., cycles A, C and E of the 12H-pyrido[1-2-a:3,4-b’]diindole system. Their selectivity towards human prostate cancer versus non-cancer cells, as well as the effects on cellular metabolism, membrane integrity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction and their ability to intercalate into DNA were investigated. A pronounced selectivity for cancer cells was observed for the family of di- and trisubstituted halogen derivatives (modification of cycles A and E), while a modification of cycle C resulted in a stronger activity in therapy-resistant PC-3 cells. Among others, 3,10-dibromofascaplysin exhibited the highest selectivity, presumably due to the cytostatic effects executed via the targeting of cellular metabolism. Moreover, an introduction of radical substituents at C-9, C-10 or C-10 plus C-3 resulted in a notable reduction in DNA intercalating activity and improved selectivity. Taken together, our research contributes to understanding the structure–activity relationships of fascaplysin alkaloids and defines further directions of the structural optimization.
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Baykov SV, Geyl KK, Ivanov DM, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kukushkin VY. Azine Steric Hindrances Switch Halogen Bonding to N-Arylation upon Interplay with σ-Hole Donating Haloarenenitriles. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1445-1455. [PMID: 33844884 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An interplay between 4-bromo- and 4-iodo-5-nitrophthalonitriles (XNPN, X=Br or I) and any one of the azines (pyridine 1, 4-dimethylaminopyridine 2, isoquinoline 3, 4-cyanopyridine 4, 2-methylpyridine 5, 2-aminopyridine 6, quinoline 7, 1-methylisoquinoline 8, and 2,2'-bipyridine 9) proceeds differently depending on steric and electronic effects of the heterocycles. Sterically unhindered azines 1-3 underwent N-arylation to give the corresponding azinium salts (characterized by 1 H and 13 C{H} NMR and high-resolution ESI-MS). In contrast, azines 4-9 with sterically hindered N atoms or bearing an electron-withdrawing substituent, form stable co-crystals with XNPN, where two interacting molecules are bound by halogen bonding. In all obtained co-crystals, X⋅⋅⋅N structure-directed halogen bonds were recognized and theoretically evaluated including DFT calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory), QTAIM analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, and noncovalent interaction plot index. Estimated energies of halogen bonding vary from -7.6 kcal/mol (for 6 ⋅ INPN) to -11.4 kcal/mol (5 ⋅ INPN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill K Geyl
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Vadim Y Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76 Lenin Av., Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
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6
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Total Syntheses and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Brominated Fascaplysin and Reticulatine Alkaloids and Their Analogues. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090496. [PMID: 31450717 PMCID: PMC6780422 DOI: 10.3390/md17090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple approach toward the synthesis of the marine sponge derived pigment fascaplysin was used to obtain the marine alkaloids 3-bromofascaplysin and 3,10-dibromofascaplysin. These compounds were used for first syntheses of the alkaloids 14-bromoreticulatate and 14-bromoreticulatine. Preliminary bioassays showed that 14-bromoreticulatine has a selective antibiotic (to Pseudomonas aeruginosa) activity and reveals cytotoxicity toward human melanoma, colon, and prostate cancer cells. 3,10-Dibromofascaplysin was able to target metabolic activity of the prostate cancer cells, without disrupting cell membrane’s integrity and had a wide therapeutic window amongst the fascaplysin alkaloids.
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7
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Hu Z, Zhang M, He M, Fang B, Bao X, Yan X, Liang H, Wang H. Determination of fascaplysin in rat plasma with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS): application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:126-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Sun Q, Liu F, Sang J, Lin M, Ma J, Xiao X, Yan S, Naman CB, Wang N, He S, Yan X, Cui W, Liang H. 9-Methylfascaplysin Is a More Potent Aβ Aggregation Inhibitor than the Marine-Derived Alkaloid, Fascaplysin, and Produces Nanomolar Neuroprotective Effects in SH-SY5Y Cells. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020121. [PMID: 30781608 PMCID: PMC6409607 DOI: 10.3390/md17020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) is regarded as an important pathogenic target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Aβ can assemble into oligomers and fibrils, and produce neurotoxicity. Therefore, Aβ aggregation inhibitors may have anti-AD therapeutic efficacies. It was found, here, that the marine-derived alkaloid, fascaplysin, inhibits Aβ fibrillization in vitro. Moreover, the new analogue, 9-methylfascaplysin, was designed and synthesized from 5-methyltryptamine. Interestingly, 9-methylfascaplysin is a more potent inhibitor of Aβ fibril formation than fascaplysin. Incubation of 9-methylfascaplysin with Aβ directly reduced Aβ oligomer formation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that 9-methylfascaplysin might interact with negatively charged residues of Aβ42 with polar binding energy. Hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the key amino acid residues of Aβ42 and 9-methylfascaplysin were also suggested. Most importantly, compared with the typical Aβ oligomer, Aβ modified by nanomolar 9-methylfascaplysin produced less neuronal toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. 9-Methylfascaplysin appears to be one of the most potent marine-derived compounds that produces anti-Aβ neuroprotective effects. Given previous reports that fascaplysin inhibits acetylcholinesterase and induces P-glycoprotein, the current study results suggest that fascaplysin derivatives can be developed as novel anti-AD drugs that possibly act via inhibition of Aβ aggregation along with other target mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Sun
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Jingcheng Sang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Miaoman Lin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiale Ma
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Wei Cui
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Hongze Liang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Zhidkov ME, Sidorova MA, Lyakhova IA. One-step transformation of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin into homofascaplysins B and B-1. The first syntheses of 3-bromohomofascaplysin B and 3–bromohomofascaplysin B-1. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Zhidkov ME, Kantemirov AV, Koisevnikov AV, Andin AN, Kuzmich AS. Syntheses of the marine alkaloids 6-oxofascaplysin, fascaplysin and their derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Meng TZ, Zheng J, Trieu TH, Zheng B, Wu JJ, Zhang Y, Shi XX. CuBr 2-Catalyzed Mild Oxidation of 3,4-Dihydro-β-Carbolines and Application in Total Synthesis of 6-Hydroxymetatacarboline D. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:544-553. [PMID: 31457912 PMCID: PMC6641302 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A green chemical method for the conversion of 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines to β-carbolines has been developed using air as the oxidant. With 15 mol % CuBr2 as the catalyst, 3,4-dihydro-β-carbolines could be efficiently oxidized to β-carbolines in dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (or Et3N). By applying this method, the first total synthesis of 6-hydroxymetatacarboline D was performed through 12 steps in 22% overall yield starting from l-5-hydroxy-tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Zhuo Meng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tien Ha Trieu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Shi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Varinska L, Kubatka P, Mojzis J, Zulli A, Gazdikova K, Zubor P, Büsselberg D, Caprnda M, Opatrilova R, Gasparova I, Klabusay M, Pec M, Fibach E, Adamek M, Kruzliak P. Angiomodulators in cancer therapy: New perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:578-590. [PMID: 28258040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels plays a crucial for the development and progression of pathophysiological changes associated with a variety of disorders, including carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis inhibitors (anti-angiogenics) are an important part of treatment for some types of cancer. Some natural products isolated from marine invertebrates have revealed antiangiogenic activities, which are diverse in structure and mechanisms of action. Many preclinical studies have generated new models for further modification and optimization of anti-angiogenic substances, and new information for mechanistic studies and new anti-cancer drug candidates for clinical practice. Moreover, in the last decade it has become apparent that galectins are important regulators of tumor angiogenesis, as well as microRNA. MicroRNAs have been validated to modulate endothelial cell migration or endothelial tube organization. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of marine-derived natural products, galectins and microRNAs in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Klabusay
- Department of Haemato-Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
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Battini N, Padala AK, Mupparapu N, Vishwakarma RA, Ahmed QN. Unexplored reactivity of 2-oxoaldehydes towards Pictet–Spengler conditions: concise approach to β-carboline based marine natural products. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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14
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A new method for the synthesis of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin based on the microwave-assisted Minisci reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Zhu YP, Liu MC, Cai Q, Jia FC, Wu AX. A Cascade Coupling Strategy for One-Pot Total Synthesis of β-Carboline and Isoquinoline-Containing Natural Products and Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:10132-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Bharate SB, Sawant SD, Singh PP, Vishwakarma RA. Kinase inhibitors of marine origin. Chem Rev 2013; 113:6761-815. [PMID: 23679846 DOI: 10.1021/cr300410v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
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17
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Dai Y, Zhang W, Wang K, Wang W, Zhang W. Synthesis of homofascaplysin B, C and analogues by the photocyclization of 3-acyl-2-chloro-1-[2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl]indoles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Reddy BVS, Reddy MR, Rao YG, Yadav JS, Sridhar B. Cu(OTf)2-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles and 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrroles from α-Diazoketones. Org Lett 2013; 15:464-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303206w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Subba Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - M. Ramana Reddy
- Natural Product Chemistry, Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Y. Gopal Rao
- Natural Product Chemistry, Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - J. S. Yadav
- Natural Product Chemistry, Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - B. Sridhar
- Natural Product Chemistry, Laboratory of X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Bharate SB, Manda S, Joshi P, Singh B, Vishwakarma RA. Total synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of marine-derived bis-indole alkaloid fascaplysin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20076g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Harada R, Nishida N, Uchiito S, Onozaki Y, Kurono N, Senboku H, Masao T, Ohkuma T, Orito K. Phosphane-Free Pd0-Catalyzed Cycloamination and Carbonylation with Pd(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 in the Presence of K2CO3: Preparation of Benzocyclic Amines and Benzolactams. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Yan X, Chen H, Lu X, Wang F, Xu W, Jin H, Zhu P. Fascaplysin exert anti-tumor effects through apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis pathways in sarcoma mice model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:251-9. [PMID: 21569843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that fascaplysin derived from marine sponge can induce tumor cell death by apoptosis and possesses anti-angiogenesis activity. In order to verify these two effects in animal model and to identify action mechanisms, we established a sarcoma mice model, and treated mice with fascaplysin for 10 days. The tumor tissues were examined morphologically and immunohistochemically. The differential gene expression was also investigated by mRNA array. Fascaplysin treatment resulted in a significant suppression of tumor growth. Typical apoptotic phenomena were observed by transmission electron microscope and histological detection. Tissue sections were stained with monoclonal antibody directed to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and CD31. The decreased PCNA and CD31 antigen staining indicate the reduction of tumor cell proliferation and tumor vasculature property of fascaplysin in vivo. Microarrays were used to examine the gene expression profiles of tumors on CapitalBio mouse genome oligo array. The regulated genes analyzed from the expression level showed overlapping gene ontology (GO) categories and pathway mapping. Our findings indicate that cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and cell adhesion all play important roles in the onset of fascaplysin. Detailed analysis by real time PCR of key genes confirmed the experimental results of microarrays. From these findings, it can be considered that fascaplysin can inhibit the growth of S180 cell implanted tumor, and the action mechanisms may involve in apoptosis, anti-angiogenesis, or cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yan
- Ningbo University, Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
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Zhidkov ME, Baranova OV, Kravchenko NS, Dubovitskii SV. A new method for the synthesis of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Yamuna E, Prasad KJR. Synthesis of Quinolino[2′,3′:7,6]Cyclohept[b]Indoles and their Antimicrobial Activities. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3184/030823410x520769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Practicable and concise syntheses of 6-chloro-7,8,9,14-tetrahydroquinolino[2′,3′:7,6]cyclohept[b]indoles by two routes are described. Both commenced with 1-oxo-2,3,4,5,10-hexahydrocyclohept[b]indoles and utilised either the acid-catalysed condensation with 2-aminobenzonitrile, followed by treatment with POCl3 or, better, direct condensation of the ketone with anthranilic acid in POCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezhumalai Yamuna
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore- 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Wang W, Nam SJ, Lee BC, Kang H. Beta-carboline alkaloids from a Korean tunicate Eudistoma sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:163-6. [PMID: 18247569 DOI: 10.1021/np070064o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven new beta-carboline-based metabolites, designated as eudistomins Y1-Y7 ( 1- 7), were isolated from a tunicate of the genus Eudistoma collected near Tong-Yeong City, South Sea, Korea. These new metabolites differ from previously isolated marine metabolites due to the presence of a benzoyl group attached to the beta-carboline nucleus at C-1. Eudistomins Y 1-Y 7 were evaluated for their antibacterial activity, and eudistomin Y6 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermis and Bacillus subtilis without cytotoxicity in the MTT assay at 100 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Wang
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 151-747, Korea
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26
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The first syntheses of 3-bromofascaplysin, 10-bromofascaplysin and 3,10-dibromofascaplysin—marine alkaloids from Fascaplysinopsis reticulata and Didemnum sp. by application of a simple and effective approach to the pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b′]diindole system. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin J, Yan XJ, Chen HM. Fascaplysin, a selective CDK4 inhibitor, exhibit anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 59:439-45. [PMID: 16816972 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was to evaluate the correlation of two important strategies, namely, cell cycle proliferation arrest and anti-angiogenesis. We chose fascaplysin, a marine natural product with selective CDK4 selective inhibition activity, to study its potential anti-angiogenesis effects in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was initially used as an in vivo approach to evaluate anti-angiogenic activity of fascaplysin. In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line was used to further confirm the anti-angiogenic activity of fascaplysin in vitro. To explore the mechanism of anti-angiogenesis, we examined the effect of fascaplysin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion by hepatocarcinoma cells BeL-7402. RESULTS The results of CAM assay suggested fascaplysin inhibited capillary plexus formation in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed VEGF in cross section. Moreover, the in vitro assay also confirmed that fascaplysin provided selective inhibition of endothelial cells proliferation towards tumor cells in low concentration. The immunocytochemical staining and ELISA verified fascaplysin could inhibit VEGF expression and secretion by BeL-7402. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly suggest that fascaplysin is a natural angiogenesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Ningbo University, Post Box 71, Ningbo , 315211, People's Republic of China
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28
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García MD, Wilson AJ, Emmerson DPG, Jenkins PR. Regioselective photo-oxidation of 1-benzyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-β-carbolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2586-8. [PMID: 16779486 DOI: 10.1039/b604922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of beta-carboline-based analogues of the natural product fascaplysin is presented; the compounds were produced using a novel photo-oxidation reaction of 1-benzyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-beta-carbolines as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK LE1 7RH
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Cao S, Foster C, Lazo JS, Kingston DGI. Sesterterpenoids and an alkaloid from a Thorectandra sp. as inhibitors of the phosphatase Cdc25B. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5094-8. [PMID: 15927472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed separation of an extract of a Thorectandra sp. sponge led to the isolation of three new sesterterpenoids, 16-oxoluffariellolide (1), 16-hydroxyluffariellolide (2) and (2E,6E,10E)-3-formyl-7,11-dimethyl-13-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)trideca-2,6,10-trienoic acid (3); two known sesterterpenoids, luffariellolide (4) and dehydroluffariellolide diacid (5); and one known alkaloid, fascaplysin (6). The structures of the new compounds 1-3 were established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. Compound 6 showed inhibitory activity in the Cdc25B assay, with an IC50 value of 1.0 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0212, USA
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Ivanov I, Nikolova S, Statkova-Abeghe S. A Simple Method for the Synthesis of 1-Substituted β-Carboline Derivatives from Tryptamine and Carboxylic Acids in Polyphosphoric Acid. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/com-05-10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Association of fascaplysin with double-stranded calf thymus DNA was investigated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, absorption spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The UV spectroscopic data could be well interpreted in terms of a two-site model for the binding of fascaplysin to DNA revealing affinity constants of K1 = 2.5 x 10(6) M(-1) and K2 = 7.5 x 10(4) M(-1) (base pairs of DNA). Based on the typical change observed in the absorption and circular dichroism spectra, intercalation of fascaplysin is regarded as the major binding mode. The calorimetric titration curves showed an exothermic reaction which was exhausted at a 2:1 base pair/drug; ratio. This finding is in agreement with an intercalation model comprising nearest neighbor exclusion. In addition, significantly weaker non-intercalative DNA interactions can be observed at high drug concentration. By comparison of all these data with the binding behavior of known intercalating agents, it is concluded that fascaplysin intercalates into DNA.
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Suresh J, Syam Kumar U, Ila H, Junjappa H. Aromatic and heteroaromatic annelation studies on 3-[bis(methylthio)methylene]-1-methyloxindole: synthesis of carbazoles and an efficient route to pyrido[2,3-b]indoles. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(00)01054-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Soni R, Muller L, Furet P, Schoepfer J, Stephan C, Zumstein-Mecker S, Fretz H, Chaudhuri B. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) by fascaplysin, a marine natural product. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275:877-84. [PMID: 10973815 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Small chemical molecules that interfere with biological proteins could be useful for gaining insight into the complex biochemical processes in mammalian cells. Cdk4 is a key protein whose activity is required not only for emergence of cells from quiescence but also at the G1/S transition in the cell cycle and which is misregulated in 60-70% of human cancers. We set out to identify chemical inhibitors of Cdk4 and discovered that, in vitro, fascaplysin specifically inhibited Cdk4. Molecular modelling based on the crystal structure of Cdk2 suggests that fascaplysin inhibits Cdk4 by binding to the ATP pocket of the kinase. Treatment of tumour (p16(-), pRb(+)) and normal (p16(+), pRb(+)) cell lines with fascaplysin caused G1 arrest and prevented pRb phosphorylation at sites implicated as being specific for Cdk4 kinase. Fascaplysin will therefore prove to be a useful tool in studying the consequence of Cdk4 inhibition, especially in cells containing inactivated p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Soni
- Oncology Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, CH 4002, Switzerland
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Synthesis and reactions of 2-bis(methylthio)methylene-1-methyl-3-oxoindole: A facile access to benzo- and heterocyclo-fused carbazoles and indoles. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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