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Vogel AL, Thompson KJ, Straub D, App CB, Gutierrez T, Löffler FE, Kleindienst S. Substrate-independent expression of key functional genes in Cycloclasticus pugetii strain PS-1 limits their use as markers for PAH biodegradation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1185619. [PMID: 37455737 PMCID: PMC10338962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1185619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a crucial process for the clean-up of oil-contaminated environments. Cycloclasticus spp. are well-known polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders that possess PAH-degradation marker genes including rhd3α, rhd2α, and pahE. However, it remains unknown if the expression of these genes can serve as an indicator for active PAH degradation. Here, we determined transcript-to-gene (TtG) ratios with (reverse transcription) qPCR in cultures of Cycloclasticus pugetii strain PS-1 grown with naphthalene, phenanthrene, a mixture of these PAHs, or alternate substrates (i.e., no PAHs). Mean TtG ratios of 1.99 × 10-2, 1.80 × 10-3, and 3.20 × 10-3 for rhd3α, rhd2α, and pahE, respectively, were measured in the presence or absence of PAHs. The TtG values suggested that marker-gene expression is independent of PAH degradation. Measurement of TtG ratios in Arctic seawater microcosms amended with water-accommodated crude oil fractions, and incubated under in situ temperature conditions (i.e., 1.5°C), only detected Cycloclasticus spp. rhd2α genes and transcripts (mean TtG ratio of 4.15 × 10-1). The other marker genes-rhd3α and pahE-were not detected, suggesting that not all Cycloclasticus spp. carry these genes and a broader yet-to-be-identified repertoire of PAH-degradation genes exists. The results indicate that the expression of PAH marker genes may not correlate with PAH-degradation activity, and transcription data should be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjela L. Vogel
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharine J. Thompson
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Straub
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Constantin B. App
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank E. Löffler
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Sara Kleindienst
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Vogel AL, Thompson KJ, Kleindienst S, Zarfl C. Dosage concentration and pulsing frequency affect the degradation efficiency in simulated bacterial polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:59813-59825. [PMID: 37016250 PMCID: PMC10163121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A major source of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) inputs into marine environments are diffuse emissions which result in low PAH concentrations in the ocean water, posing a potential threat for the affected ecosystems. However, the remediation of low-dosage PAH contaminations through microbial processes remains largely unknown. Here, we developed a process-based numerical model to simulate batch cultures receiving repeated low-dosage naphthalene pulses compared to the conventionally used one-time high-dosage. Pulsing frequency as well as dosage concentration had a large impact on the degradation efficiency. After 10 days, 99.7%, 97.2%, 86.6%, or 83.5% of the 145 mg L-1 naphthalene was degraded when given as a one-time high-dosage or in 2, 5, or 10 repeated low-concentration dosages equally spaced throughout the experiment, respectively. If the simulation was altered, giving the system that received 10 pulses time to recover to 99.7%, pulsing patterns affected the degradation of naphthalene. When pulsing 10 days at once per day, naphthalene accumulated following each pulse and if the degradation was allowed to continue until the recovered state was reached, the incubation time was prolonged to 17 days with a generation time of 3.81 days. If a full recovery was conditional before the next pulse was added, the scenario elongated to 55 days and generation time increased to 14.15 days. This indicates that dissolution kinetics dominate biodegradation kinetics, and the biomass concentration of PAH-degrading bacteria alone is not a sufficient indicator for quantifying active biodegradation. Applying those findings to the environment, a one-time input of a high dosage is potentially degraded faster than repeated low-dosage PAH pollution and repeated low-dosage input could lead to PAH accumulation in vulnerable pristine environments. Further research on the overlooked field of chronic low-dosage PAH contamination is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjela L Vogel
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katharine J Thompson
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Kleindienst
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management (ISWA), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christiane Zarfl
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 94-96, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Kinetics of Benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation and bacterial growth in sandy soil by Sphingobacterium spiritovorum. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10799. [PMID: 36217485 PMCID: PMC9547208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradation is the economically viable solution to restore land contaminated by hazardous pollutants such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). The present study focuses on the biodegradation of benzo(a)pyrene by Sphingobacterium spiritovorum in contaminated soil. The biodegradation kinetics and bacterial growth were evaluated while the biokinetic model that described the benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation was established. The Monod, Haldane, Powell and Edward models were used to model the bacterial growth in benzo(a)pyrene contaminated soil. Excel template was developed with Fourth order Runga-Kutta numerical algorithm to find the biokinetic parameters of the complex non-linear regression model. An Excel Solver function was used to obtain reasonable best-fit values of kinetic parameters. The Haldane and Edward models are well fit to describe the growth trend and model the kinetics of benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation. Enzyme substrate inhibition is the critical factor that affects the benzo(a)pyrene degradation by S. spiritovorum, which the model defines physically. The results demonstrated that removing benzo(a)pyrene showed positive interaction between substrate inhibition, the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene and sorption of the contaminants on soil particles.
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Malliou F, Andriopoulou CE, Gonzalez FJ, Kofinas A, Skaltsounis AL, Konstandi M. Oleuropein-Induced Acceleration of Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Drug Metabolism: Central Role for Nuclear Receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:833-843. [PMID: 34162688 PMCID: PMC11022892 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleuropein (OLE), the main constituent of Olea europaea, displays pleiotropic beneficial effects in health and disease, which are mainly attributed to its anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several food supplements and herbal medicines contain OLE and are available without a prescription. This study investigated the effects of OLE on the main cytochrome P450s (P450s) catalyzing the metabolism of many prescribed drugs. Emphasis was given to the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear transcription factor regulating numerous genes including P450s. 129/Sv wild-type and Ppara-null mice were treated with OLE for 6 weeks. OLE induced Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, Cyp3a14, Cyp3a25, Cyp2c29, Cyp2c44, Cyp2d22, and Cyp2e1 mRNAs in liver of wild-type mice, whereas no similar effects were observed in Ppara-null mice, indicating that the OLE-induced effect on these P450s is mediated by PPARα. Activation of the pathways related to phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/forkhead box protein O1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, AKT/p70, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase participates in P450 induction by OLE. These data indicate that consumption of herbal medicines and food supplements containing OLE could accelerate the metabolism of drug substrates of the above-mentioned P450s, thus reducing their efficacy and the outcome of pharmacotherapy. Therefore, OLE-induced activation of PPARα could modify the effects of drugs due to their increased metabolism and clearance, which should be taken into account when consuming OLE-containing products with certain drugs, in particular those of narrow therapeutic window. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study indicated that oleuropein, which belongs to the main constituents of the leaves and olive drupes of Olea europaea, induces the synthesis of the major cytochrome P450s (P450s) metabolizing the majority of prescribed drugs via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. This effect could modify the pharmacokinetic profile of co-administered drug substrates of the P450s, thus altering their therapeutic efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Malliou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Christina E Andriopoulou
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Aristeidis Kofinas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
| | - Maria Konstandi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (F.M., C.E.A., A.K., M.K.); Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (F.J.G.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (A.-L.S.)
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Wang Q, Hou J, Yuan J, Wu Y, Liu W, Luo Y, Christie P. Evaluation of fatty acid derivatives in the remediation of aged PAH-contaminated soil and microbial community and degradation gene response. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125983. [PMID: 32004887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, derivatives of two common fatty acids in plant root exudates, sodium palmitate and sodium linoleate (sodium aliphatates), were added to an aged Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil to estimate their effectiveness in the removal of PAHs. Sodium linoleate was more effective in lowering PAHs and especially high-molecular-weight (4-6 ring) PAHs (HMW-PAHs). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicates that both amendments led to a shift in the soil bacterial community. Moreover, linear discriminant effect size (LEfSe) analysis demonstrates that the specific PAHs degraders Pseudomonas, Arenimonas, Pseudoxanthomonas and Lysobacter belonging to the γ-proteobacteria and Nocardia and Rhodococcus belonging to the Actinobacteria were the biomarkers of, respectively, sodium linoleate and sodium palmitate amendments. Correlation analysis suggests that four biomarkers in the sodium linoleate amendment treatment from γ-proteobacteria were all highly linearly negatively related to HMW-PAHs residues (p < 0.01) while two biomarkers in the sodium palmitate amendment treatment from Actinobacteria were highly linearly negatively related to LMW-PAHs residues (p < 0.01). Higher removal efficiency of PAHs (especially HMW-PAHs) in the sodium linoleate amendment treatment than in the sodium palmitate amendment treatment might be ascribed to the specific enrichment of microbes from the γ-proteobacteria. The bacterial functional KEGG orthologs (KOs) assigned to PAHs metabolism and functional C23O and C12O genes related to cleavage of the benzene ring were both up-regulated. These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of the two sodium aliphatate amendments in accelerating PAHs biodegradation and have implications for practical application in the remediation of PAHs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Rodriguez J, García A, Poznyak T, Chairez I. Phenanthrene degradation in soil by ozonation: Effect of morphological and physicochemical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 169:53-61. [PMID: 27855331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the ozone reaction with phenanthrene adsorbed in two types of soils (sand and agricultural). The effect of soil physicochemical properties (texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, elemental composition, permeability, surface area and pore volume) on the phenanthrene decomposition was evaluated. Commercial sand has a uniform morphology (spherical) with a particle size range between 0.178 and 0.150 mm in diameter, regular elemental composition SiO2, specific density of 1701.38 kg/m3, a true density of 2492.50 kg/m3, with an effective porosity of 31%. On the other hand, the agricultural soil had heterogeneous morphology, particle size between 0.1779 and 0.05 mm in diameter, elemental composition was montmorrillonite silicon oxide, apparent density of 999.52 kg/m3, a true density of 2673.55 kg/m3, surface area of 34.92 m2/g and porosity of 57%. The percentage of phenanthrene decomposition in the sand was 79% after 2 h of treatment. On the other hand, the phenanthrene degradation in the agricultural soil was 95% during the same reaction time. The pore volume of soil limited the crystal size of phenanthrene and increased the contact surface with ozone confirming the direct impact of physicochemical properties of soils on the decomposition kinetics of phenanthrene. In the case of agricultural soil, the effect of organic matter on phenanthrene decomposition efficiency was also investigated. A faster decomposition of initial contaminant and byproducts formed in ozonation was obtained in natural agricultural soil compared to the sand. The partial identification of intermediates and final accumulated products produced by phenanthrene decomposition in ozonation was developed. Among others, phenanthroquinone, hydroquinone, phenanthrol, catechol as well as phthalic, diphenic, maleic and oxalic acids were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodriguez
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESIQIE-IPN), México, D. F, Mexico
| | - A García
- Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - T Poznyak
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ESIQIE-IPN), México, D. F, Mexico.
| | - I Chairez
- Professional Interdisciplinary Unit of Biotechnology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), México D. F, Mexico.
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Samara M, Nasser A, Mingelgrin U. Mechanochemical removal of carbamazepine. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 160:266-272. [PMID: 27389944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a drug used for treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Its widespread use is indicated by its listing in the WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines. The accumulation of CBZ in various environmental compartments, specifically in crops irrigated with treated effluent or grown on soils containing biosolids, is often reported. Being a persistent PPCP (a pharmaceutical and personal care product), developing procedures to remove CBZ is of great importance. In the present study, the breakdown of CBZ by surface reactions in contact with various minerals was attempted. While Al-montmorillonite enhanced CBZ disappearance without the need to apply mechanical force, the efficiency of magnetite in enhancing the disappearance increased considerably upon applying such force. Ball milling with magnetite generated a virtually complete disappearance of CBZ (∼94% of the applied CBZ disappeared after milling for 30 min). HPLC, LC/MS and FTIR were employed in an attempt to elucidate the rate of disappearance and degradation mechanisms of CBZ. A small amount of the hydrolysis product iminostilbene was identified by LC/MS and the breaking off of carbamic acid from the fused rings skeleton of CBZ was indicated by FTIR spectroscopy, confirming the formation of iminostilbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samara
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Ahmed Nasser
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Uri Mingelgrin
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Center, ARO, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Tian W, Liu Q, Huang R, Jin X, Qiao K. Application of cinder gel-beads/reeds combination strategy for bioremediation of pyrene- and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene-contaminated estuarine wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10895-10902. [PMID: 26897584 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida PYR1 and Acinetobacter baumannii INP1 isolated from Liaohe estuarine wetlands were entrapped in cinder beads to make cinder gel-beads. They were combined with reeds for bioremediation of pyrene- and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene-contaminated estuarine wetlands. The results showed that the removal percentages of pyrene and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (69.2 and 89.8 % respectively) in 40 days using cinder gel-beads/reeds were obviously higher than those using cinder gel-beads(52.6 and 70.0 %) and reeds (33.5 and 78.6 %) alone, about four times those of the control (13.8 and 31.1 %). The removal efficiency of pyrene was in the order cinder gel-beads/reeds > cinder gel-beads > reeds > control, which was different from cinder gel-beads/reeds > reeds > cinder gel-beads > control of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. This result indicated that the functional mechanism to remove indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene with six benzene rings was different from that of pyrene. The synergistic effect of reeds and cinder gel-beads for indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene removal was weaker than that of pyrene. But the absorption and transformation of reeds with high efficiency were beneficial to indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene removal from wetlands. Additionally, microbial analysis with high-throughput sequencing presented that Gammaproteobacteria were dominant PAH-degrading groups in bioremediation with immobilized bacteria. This strategy can serve as a model system for the removal of more complex or structurally related organic compounds from contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruying Huang
- Suzhou Litree Ultra-filtration Membrane Technology Co. LTD, Suzhou, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Qiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, People's Republic of China
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Randelovic A, Zhang K, Jacimovic N, McCarthy D, Deletic A. Stormwater biofilter treatment model (MPiRe) for selected micro-pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:180-91. [PMID: 26650452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofiltration systems, also known as bioretentions or rain-gardens, are widely used for treatment of stormwater. In order to design them well, it is important to improve models that can predict their performance. This paper presents a rare model that can simulate removal of a wide range of micro-pollutants from stormwater by biofilters. The model is based on (1) a bucket approach for water flow simulation, and (2) advection/dispersion transport equations for pollutant transport and fate. The latter includes chemical non-equilibrium two-site model of sorption, first-order decay, and volatilization, thus is a compromise between the limited availability of data (on stormwater micro-pollutants) and the required complexity to accurately describe the nature of the phenomenon. The model was calibrated and independently validated on two field data series collected for different organic micro-pollutants at two biofilters of different design. This included data on triazines (atrazine, prometryn, and simazine), glyphosate, and chloroform during six simulated stormwater events. The data included variable and challenging biofilter operational conditions; e.g. variable inflow volumes, dry and wet period dynamics, and inflow pollutant concentrations. The model was able to simulate water flow well, with slight discrepancies being observed only during long dry periods when, presumably, soil cracking occurred. In general, the agreement between simulated and measured pollutographs was good. As with flows, the long dry periods posed a problem for water quality simulation (e.g. simazine and prometryn were difficult to model in low inflow events that followed prolonged dry periods). However, it was encouraging that pollutant transport and fate parameters estimated by the model calibration were in agreement with available literature data. This suggests that the model could probably be adopted for assessment of biofilter performance of other stormwater micro-pollutants (PAHs, phenols, phthalates, etc.). The model, therefore, could be applied in practice for sizing of biofilter systems and their validation monitoring, when used for stormwater harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Randelovic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nenad Jacimovic
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - David McCarthy
- Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ana Deletic
- Monash Water for Liveability, Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia; CRC for Water Sensitive Cities, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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Geng C, Haudin CS, Zhang Y, Lashermes G, Houot S, Garnier P. Modeling the release of organic contaminants during compost decomposition in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:423-431. [PMID: 25078972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Composts, incorporated in soils as amendments, may release organic contaminants during their decomposition. COP-Soil is presented here as a new model to simulate the interaction between organic contaminants and compost, using one module for organic matter and one for organic pollutants, with these modules being linked by several assumptions. Published results of laboratory soil incubations using labeled carbon pollutants from compost were used to test the model for one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), two surfactants and one herbicide. Several simulation scenarios were tested using (i) the organic pollutant module either alone or coupled to the organic matter module, (ii) various methods to estimate the adsorption coefficients (Kd) of contaminants on organic matter and (iii) different degrading biomasses. The simulations were improved if the organic pollutant module was coupled with the organic matter module. Multiple linear regression model for Kd as a function of organic matter quality yielded the most accurate simulation results. The inclusion of specific biomass in the model made it possible to successfully predict the PAH mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnu Geng
- INRA, UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France; Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - Claire-Sophie Haudin
- AgroParisTech, UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215009 Suzhou, China
| | - Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- INRA, UMR 614 Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51100 Reims, France
| | - Sabine Houot
- INRA, UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Patricia Garnier
- INRA, UMR 1091 Environnement et Grandes Cultures, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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11
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Joseph-Ezra H, Nasser A, Ben-Ari J, Mingelgrin U. Mechanochemically enhanced degradation of pyrene and phenanthrene loaded on magnetite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5876-5882. [PMID: 24730613 DOI: 10.1021/es404679y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), exemplified by pyrene and phenanthrene, using mild grinding in the presence of common minerals was investigated. Magnetite, birnessite, and Na- and Cu-montmorillonite samples were loaded with pyrene or phenanthrene and ground manually or in a ball mill for short periods of time. The ground samples were analyzed for PAHs and for their metabolites, using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. No degradation of pyrene occurred when it was in contact with Na-montmorillonite or birnessite. Sorption of pyrene on Cu-montmorillonite enhanced its degradation, but grinding of the loaded clay actually inhibited pyrene's degradation. Phenanthrene hardly degraded on Cu-montmorillonite. Grinding magnetite loaded with either PAH resulted in a significant degradation of both (∼50% after grinding for 5 min), while in the nonground samples, negligible degradation was detected. The extent of degradation increased with the duration of grinding. The degradation of either PAH loaded on magnetite yielded oxidized products. In soil samples contaminated with PAHs and mixed with magnetite, a similar grinding-induced degradation pattern was observed, but with a lower rate. A liquid phase was required to initiate degradation in the soil. The liquid phase apparently served as the medium through which the pollutants reached the surface of the degradation-enhancing mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Joseph-Ezra
- Institute of Soils, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center , P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50-250, Israel
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12
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Gómez-Alvarez M, Poznyak T, Ríos-Leal E, Silva-Sánchez C. Anthracene decomposition in soils by conventional ozonation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 113:545-551. [PMID: 22494822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracene decomposition in solid phase by conventional ozonation was investigated employing model and real soil samples. Reaction in a two-phase system (soil-ozone) and a three-phase system (soil-water-ozone) was studied. The total anthracene decomposition in the two studied systems (sand-ozone and burned soil-ozone) was obtained at 15 and 30 min of treatment by ozone, respectively, and the efficiency of ozonation was depended on the water content in treated soil samples. The anthracene degradation in an agricultural soil (free water) was carried up slower (only 30% after 90 min of ozonation), because the real solid samples content organic matter that provokes the additionally ozone consuming. The pre-ozonation of free anthracene agricultural soil depicts the content of the organic matter fraction, which have the ozone reactivity orders as aromatic>aliphatic>polar. In all cases, the ozonation by-products were identified partiality; the majority of by-products formatted react with ozone. Actually some of them were decomposed totally, while others were accumulated. Some products identified in all systems such as anthrone, 9,10-anthraquinone and phthalic acid, are less toxic than the anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gómez-Alvarez
- Superior School of Chemical Engineering, National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico, Edif 7, UPALM, CP 07738 Mexico DF, Mexico
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13
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Chen JL, Wong MH, Wong YS, Tam NFY. Modeling sorption and biodegradation of phenanthrene in mangrove sediment slurry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 190:409-415. [PMID: 21474240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model, combining both sorption and biodegradation process, was developed to predict the biodegradation of phenanthrene by Sphingomonas sp. in different sediment slurries. The model includes two sorption parameters, α (the partition coefficient) and 1/K (the diffusion resistance); a kinetic parameter k (the first order rate constant); and a sediment parameter, A(V) (the specific sediment surface area in unit volume of slurry). These parameters were evaluated and verified in three types of sediment slurry systems (namely sandy clay loam Ho Chung sediment with fastest degradation, sandy Kei Ling Ha sediment with medium degradation, and clay Mai Po sediment with slowest degradation) at different initial phenanthrene concentrations. High R(2) values, ranging from 0.935 to 0.969, were obtained. Based on this integrated sorption-biodegradation model, the phenanthrene biodegradation in any sediment slurry could be predicted as long as the parameters of the specific sediment surface area in unit volume of slurry, total organic carbon and clay content were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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14
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Meng L, Zhu YG. Pyrene biodegradation in an industrial soil exposed to simulated rhizodeposition: how does it affect functional microbial abundance? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:1579-1585. [PMID: 21194198 DOI: 10.1021/es102995c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rhizodeposition is an important biogeochemical process for the phytoremediation of contaminated substrates. This study investigated the effects of various rhizodeposition components from celery (Apium graveolens) on pyrene biodegradation and microbial abundance in a long-term contaminated soil. Batch microcosms simulating in situ contaminated soil were amended with lipophilic extract, water-soluble extract, or debris from celery root to mimic plant rhizodeposition within 70 days. Soil was intermittently analyzed for pyrene concentration and target gene abundance estimated by real-time PCR. Lipophilic extract was the major simulated rhizodeposit enhancing pyrene biodegradation, while water-soluble extract stimulated microbial growth most efficiently. The relative abundance of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders was enhanced by lipophilic extract but inhibited by the other two rhizodeposits, indicating that these components exerted different selective pressures on PAH degrader community. Moreover, PAH catabolic pathway may involve in the pollutant detoxification and fatty acid metabolism by microorganisms, which were also affected by rhizodeposition. These results provide insights into plant-microbe interactions responsible for PAH biodegradation and offer opportunities to facilitate PAH phytoremediation in industrial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Meng
- State Key Lab of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zebulun HO, Isikhuemhen OS, Inyang H. Decontamination of anthracene-polluted soil through white rot fungus-induced biodegradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10669-010-9284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Johnsen AR, Schmidt S, Hybholt TK, Henriksen S, Jacobsen CS, Andersen O. Strong impact on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading community of a PAH-polluted soil but marginal effect on PAH degradation when priming with bioremediated soil dominated by mycobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1474-80. [PMID: 17209064 PMCID: PMC1828760 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02236-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioaugmentation of soil polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is often disappointing because of the low survival rate and low activity of the introduced degrader bacteria. We therefore investigated the possibility of priming PAH degradation in soil by adding 2% of bioremediated soil with a high capacity for PAH degradation. The culturable PAH-degrading community of the bioremediated primer soil was dominated by Mycobacterium spp. A microcosm containing pristine soil artificially polluted with PAHs and primed with bioremediated soil showed a fast, 100- to 1,000-fold increase in numbers of culturable phenanthrene-, pyrene-, and fluoranthene degraders and a 160-fold increase in copy numbers of the mycobacterial PAH dioxygenase gene pdo1. A nonpolluted microcosm primed with bioremediated soil showed a high rate of survival of the introduced degrader community during the 112 days of incubation. A nonprimed control microcosm containing pristine soil artificially polluted with PAHs showed only small increases in the numbers of culturable PAH degraders and no pdo1 genes. Initial PAH degradation rates were highest in the primed microcosm, but later, the degradation rates were comparable in primed and nonprimed soil. Thus, the proliferation and persistence of the introduced, soil-adapted degraders had only a marginal effect on PAH degradation. Given the small effect of priming with bioremediated soil and the likely presence of PAH degraders in almost all PAH-contaminated soils, it seems questionable to prime PAH-contaminated soil with bioremediated soil as a means of large-scale soil bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders R Johnsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Tecon R, Wells M, van der Meer JR. A new green fluorescent protein-based bacterial biosensor for analysing phenanthrene fluxes. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:697-708. [PMID: 16584481 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading strain Burkholderia sp. RP007 served as host strain for the design of a bacterial biosensor for the detection of phenanthrene. RP007 was transformed with a reporter plasmid containing a transcriptional fusion between the phnS putative promoter/operator region and the gene encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). The resulting bacterial biosensor--Burkholderia sp. strain RP037--produced significant amounts of GFP after batch incubation in the presence of phenanthrene crystals. Co-incubation with acetate did not disturb the phenanthrene-specific response but resulted in a homogenously responding population of cells. Active metabolism was required for induction with phenanthrene. The magnitude of GFP induction was influenced by physical parameters affecting the phenanthrene flux to the cells, such as the contact surface area between solid phenanthrene and the aqueous phase, addition of surfactant, and slow phenanthrene release from Model Polymer Release System beads or from a water-immiscible oil. These results strongly suggest that the bacterial biosensor can sense different phenanthrene fluxes while maintaining phenanthrene metabolism, thus acting as a genuine sensor for phenanthrene bioavailability. A relationship between GFP production and phenanthrene mass transfer is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tecon
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Kulik N, Goi A, Trapido M, Tuhkanen T. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by combined chemical pre-oxidation and bioremediation in creosote contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2006; 78:382-91. [PMID: 16154683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pre-oxidation to overcome polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) recalcitrance to biodegradation was investigated in creosote contaminated soil. Sand and peat artificially spiked with creosote (quality WEI C) were used as model systems. Ozonation and Fenton-like treatment were proved to be feasible technologies for PAH degradation in soil. The efficiency of ozonation was strongly dependent on the water content of treated soil samples. The removal of PAH by Fenton-like treatment depended on the applied H2O2/soil weight ratio and ferrous ions addition. It was determined that the application of chemical oxidation in sand resulted in a higher PAH removal and required lower oxidant (ozone, hydrogen peroxide) doses. The enhancement of PAH biodegradability by different pre-treatment technologies also depended on the soil matrix. It was ascertained that combined chemical and biological treatment was more efficient in PAH elimination in creosote contaminated soil than either one alone. Thus, the combination of Fenton-like and the subsequent biological treatment resulted in the highest removal of PAH in creosote contaminated sand, and biodegradation with pre-ozonation was found to be the most effective technology for PAH elimination in peat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Johnsen AR, de Lipthay JR, Sørensen SJ, Ekelund F, Christensen P, Andersen O, Karlson U, Jacobsen CS. Microbial degradation of street dust polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in microcosms simulating diffuse pollution of urban soil. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:535-45. [PMID: 16478459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of topsoil in urban regions has caused increasing concerns in recent years. We simulated diffuse pollution of soil in microcosms by spiking sandy topsoil (A-horizon) and coarse, mineral subsoil (C-horizon) with street dust (PM63) isolated from municipal street sweepings from central Copenhagen. The microbial communities adapted to PAH degradation in microcosms spiked with street dust in both A-horizon and C-horizon soils, in spite of low PAH-concentrations. The increased potential for PAH degradation was demonstrated on several levels: by slowly diminishing PAH-concentrations, increased mineralization of 14C-PAHs, increasing numbers of PAH degraders and increased prevalence of nah and pdo1 PAH degradation genes, i.e. the microbial communities quickly adapted to PAH degradation. Three- and 4-ring PAHs from the street dust were biodegraded to some extent (10-20%), but 5- and 6-ring PAHs were not biodegraded in spite of frequent soil mixing and high PAH degradation potentials. In addition to biodegradation, leaching of 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs from the A-horizon to the C-horizon seems to reduce PAH-levels in surface soil. Over time, levels of 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs in surface soil may reach equilibrium between input and the combination of biodegradation and leaching. However, levels of the environmentally critical 5- and 6-ring PAHs will probably continue to rise. We presume that sorption to black carbon particles is responsible for the persistence and low bioaccessibility of 5- and 6-ring PAHs in diffusely polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders R Johnsen
- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Department of Geochemistry, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Wells M, Wick LY, Harms H. Model polymer release system study of PAH bioaccessibility: the relationship between "rapid" release and bioaccessibility. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2005; 39:1055-1063. [PMID: 15773477 DOI: 10.1021/es035067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines bacterial uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) entrained within model polymer release systems (MPRSs) whose release kinetics, particularly for operationally defined "slow" release, are similarto PAH release kinetics from sediments and soils. We find that biodegradation is not restricted to the fraction "rapidly" released, f1, as quantified by an empirical biphasic exponential fitting parameter. Though our results indicate that f1 does not predict bioaccessibility (defined by a recent paper calling for a standard definition of same), we analyze the causes of the reported limitation of biodegradation to rapidly released PAHs and we find that, for the MPRSs, there are very strong correlations between an ad hoc bioaccessibility and a wide range of fitting parameters from various kinetic expressions used to phenomenologically characterize release. These results indicate that fitting parameters may be used to predict ad hoc bioaccessibility; however, it is not clear if this is actually a particularly useful quantity. We also report experimental results which indicate that bacteria may influence their environment and cause biological uptake to exceed that expected from abiotic release data obtained under quasi-infinite sink conditions. When this occurs, fitting parameters from simple empirical expressions are even inadequate to predict ad hoc bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Wells
- The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ENAC/ISTE/LPE, Bâtiment GR, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mulder H, Breure AM, Rulkens WH. Application of a mechanistic desorption-biodegradation model to describe the behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in peat soil aggregates. CHEMOSPHERE 2001; 42:285-299. [PMID: 11100929 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A procedure was developed to obtain three size fractions (2360 < d(p) < 1000, 1000 < d(p) < 710, and 710 < d(p) < 425 microm) of stable aggregates from Koopveen peat soil by application of an intense mixing regime prior to sieving of the soil material. The organic matter content, aggregation structure and the microstructure of these aggregates were determined and the particles were artificially contaminated with naphthalene and phenanthrene via a solvent phase. A nonlinear Freundlich sorption isotherm was determined for the naphthalene contaminated soil aggregates (n = 0.39; K(F) = 1.13 x 10(-2) m(1.17) kg(-0.39)). The applicability of a mathematical model, that describes sorption equilibrium, intraparticle mass-transfer, and nonlinear bacterial degradation kinetics, was tested by fitting results of dynamic desorption and biodegradation experiments, generated in this study and earlier work on the peat soil aggregates. The experimental data were described adequately although strong variations in the values of the fit parameter, the intra-particle porosity (0.30 < epsilon < 0.88), were found. This indicates the necessity of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mulder
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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