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Krejci E, Pesevski Z, Nanka O, Sedmera D. Physiological role of FGF signaling in growth and remodeling of developing cardiovascular system. Physiol Res 2016; 65:425-35. [PMID: 27070743 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role during embryonic induction and patterning, as well as in modulating proliferative and hypertrophic growth in fetal and adult organs. Hemodynamically induced stretching is a powerful physiological stimulus for embryonic myocyte proliferation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of FGF2 signaling on growth and vascularization of chick embryonic ventricular wall and its involvement in transmission of mechanical stretch-induced signaling to myocyte growth in vivo. Myocyte proliferation was significantly higher at the 48 h sampling interval in pressure-overloaded hearts. Neither Western blotting, nor immunohistochemistry performed on serial paraffin sections revealed any changes in the amount of myocardial FGF2 at that time point. ELISA showed a significant increase of FGF2 in the serum. Increased amount of FGF2 mRNA in the heart was confirmed by real time PCR. Blocking of FGF signaling by SU5402 led to decreased myocyte proliferation, hemorrhages in the areas of developing vasculature in epicardium and digit tips. FGF2 synthesis is increased in embryonic ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to increased stretch due to pressure overload. Inhibition of FGF signaling impacts also vasculogenesis, pointing to partial functional redundancy in paracrine control of cell proliferation in the developing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krejci
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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2
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Lopez-Sanchez C, Franco D, Bonet F, Garcia-Lopez V, Aranega A, Garcia-Martinez V. Reciprocal repression between Fgf8 and miR-133 regulates cardiac induction through Bmp2 signaling. Data Brief 2015; 5:59-64. [PMID: 26425666 PMCID: PMC4564382 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This data article contains complementary figures and results related to the research article entitled “Negative Fgf8-Bmp2 feed-back is controlled by miR-130 during early cardiac specification” [15], which reveals what specific role miR-130 plays during the cardiac induction process. This study evidenced miR-130 a putative microRNA that targets Erk1/2 (Mapk1) 3′UTR- as a necessary linkage in the control of Fgf8 signaling, mediated by Bmp2. Thus, miR-130 regulates a negative Fgf8-Bmp2 feed-back loop responsible to achieve early cardiac specification. A significant aspect supporting our conclusions is given by the expression pattern of miR-130 during early cardiac specification, as well as by those results obtained after the designed experimental procedures. The data presented here reveal that miR-133 is also expressed within the precardiac areas during early cardiogenesis, pattern which is comparable to that of FGFR1, receptor involved in the Fgf8/ERK signaling pathway. Interestingly, our miR-133 overexpression experiments resulted in a decrease of Fgf8 expression, whereas we observed an increase of Bmp2 and subsequently of cardiac specific markers Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. Additionally, our loss-of-function experiments -through Fgf8 siRNA electroporation- showed an increase of miR-133 expression. Finally, after our Bmp2 experiments, we observed that miR-133 is upstream-regulated by Bmp2. All those results suggest that miR-133 also constitutes a crucial linkage in the crosstalk between Fgf8 and Bmp2 signaling by regulating the Fgf8/ERK pathway during cardiac induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez-Sanchez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martinez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Lopez-Sanchez C, Franco D, Bonet F, Garcia-Lopez V, Aranega A, Garcia-Martinez V. Negative Fgf8-Bmp2 feed-back is regulated by miR-130 during early cardiac specification. Dev Biol 2015; 406:63-73. [PMID: 26165600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is known that secreted proteins from the anterior lateral endoderm, FGF8 and BMP2, are involved in mesodermal cardiac differentiation, which determines the first cardiac field, defined by the expression of the earliest specific cardiac markers Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for early cardiac development still remain unclear. At present, microRNAs represent a novel layer of complexity in the regulatory networks controlling gene expression during cardiovascular development. This paper aims to study the role of miR130 during early cardiac specification. Our model is focused on developing chick at gastrula stages. In order to identify those regulatory factors which are involved in cardiac specification, we conducted gain- and loss-of-function experiments in precardiac cells by administration of Fgf8, Bmp2 and miR130, through in vitro electroporation technique and soaked beads application. Embryos were subjected to in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and qPCR procedures. Our results reveal that Fgf8 suppresses, while Bmp2 induces, the expression of Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. They also show that Fgf8 suppresses Bmp2, and vice versa. Additionally, we observed that Bmp2 regulates miR-130 -a putative microRNA that targets Erk1/2 (Mapk1) 3'UTR, recognizing its expression in precardiac cells which overlap with Erk1/2 pattern. Finally, we evidence that miR-130 is capable to inhibit Erk1/2 and Fgf8, resulting in an increase of Bmp2, Nkx-2.5 and Gata4. Our data present miR-130 as a necessary linkage in the control of Fgf8 signaling, mediated by Bmp2, establishing a negative feed-back loop responsible to achieve early cardiac specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lopez-Sanchez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Fernando Bonet
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Virginio Garcia-Martinez
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
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Lopez-Sanchez C, Garcia-Martinez V. Molecular determinants of cardiac specification. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:185-95. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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5
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Hrabchak C, Ringuette M, Woodhouse K. Recombinant mouse SPARC promotes parietal endoderm differentiation and cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies. Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 86:487-99. [DOI: 10.1139/o08-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, murine embryonic stem cells cultured in vitro spontaneously aggregate to from three-dimensional embryoid bodies that differentiate to produce hematopoietic, endothelial, muscle, and neuronal cell lineages in a manner recapitulating the events of early embryogenesis. Cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies was recently demonstrated to be promoted by PYS-2-derived native SPARC (secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), whose expression is upregulated in parietal endoderm at the onset of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Here, we confirm the stimulatory effects of mouse SPARC on cardiomyogenesis using a recombinant baculovirus-produced protein (rmSPARC). Embryoid bodies cultured in the presence of glycosylated rmSPARC, or an unglycosylated peptide spanning the C-terminal EF-hand domain, developed greater numbers of beating cardiomyocytes than did time-matched controls, with enhanced expression of cardiac marker genes including Nkx2.5, Troponin, BMP-2, and MHCα. Histochemical analysis revealed an expansion of the peripheral endoderm, with thicker layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) material observed atop underlying cells. Embryoid bodies treated with SPARC also displayed increased adherence to polystyrene culture dishes, with enhanced expression of ECM mRNAs including collagen IVα3, collagen IVα5, and laminin α1. These results indicate that, in addition to the promotion of cardiomyogenesis, SPARC may also help regulate the molecular composition and organization of ECM secreted by the mesenchymal parietal endoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hrabchak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Science, Queen’s University, 45 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maurice Ringuette
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Science, Queen’s University, 45 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kimberly Woodhouse
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Science, Queen’s University, 45 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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6
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Marques SR, Lee Y, Poss KD, Yelon D. Reiterative roles for FGF signaling in the establishment of size and proportion of the zebrafish heart. Dev Biol 2008; 321:397-406. [PMID: 18639539 PMCID: PMC2752040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of a functional organ requires the establishment of its proper size as well as the establishment of the relative proportions of its individual components. In the zebrafish heart, organ size and proportion depend heavily on the number of cells in each of its two major chambers, the ventricle and the atrium. Heart size and chamber proportionality are both affected in zebrafish fgf8 mutants. To determine when and how FGF signaling influences these characteristics, we examined the effect of temporally controlled pathway inhibition. During cardiac specification, reduction of FGF signaling inhibits formation of both ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes, with a stronger impact on ventricular cells. After cardiomyocyte differentiation begins, reduction of FGF signaling can still result in a deficiency of ventricular cardiomyocytes. Consistent with two temporally distinct roles for FGF, we find that increased FGF signaling induces a cardiomyocyte surplus only before cardiac differentiation begins. Thus, FGF signaling first regulates heart size and chamber proportionality during cardiac specification and later refines ventricular proportion by regulating cell number after the onset of differentiation. Together, our data demonstrate that a single signaling pathway can act reiteratively to coordinate organ size and proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Marques
- Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Universidade do Porto, 4050-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Developmental Genetics Program and Department of Cell Biology, Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016 USA
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7
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Bauwens CL, Peerani R, Niebruegge S, Woodhouse KA, Kumacheva E, Husain M, Zandstra PW. Control of human embryonic stem cell colony and aggregate size heterogeneity influences differentiation trajectories. Stem Cells 2008; 26:2300-10. [PMID: 18583540 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To better understand endogenous parameters that influence pluripotent cell differentiation we used human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model system. We demonstrate that differentiation trajectories in aggregate (embryoid body [EB])-induced differentiation, a common approach to mimic some of the spatial and temporal aspects of in vivo development, are affected by three factors: input hESC composition, input hESC colony size, and EB size. Using a microcontact printing approach, size-specified hESC colonies were formed by plating single-cell suspensions onto micropatterned (MP) extracellular matrix islands. Subsequently, size-controlled EBs were formed by transferring entire colonies into suspension culture enabling the independent investigation of colony and aggregate size effects on differentiation induction. Gene and protein expression analysis of MP-hESC populations revealed that the ratio of Gata6 (endoderm-associated marker) to Pax6 (neural-associated marker) expression increased with decreasing colony size. Moreover, upon forming EBs from these MP-hESCs, we observed that differentiation trajectories were affected by both colony and EB size-influenced parameters. In MP-EBs generated from endoderm-biased (high Gata6/Pax6) input hESCs, higher mesoderm and cardiac induction was observed at larger EB sizes. Conversely, neural-biased (low Gata6/Pax6) input hESCs generated MP-EBs that exhibited higher cardiac induction in smaller EBs. Our analysis demonstrates that heterogeneity in hESC colony and aggregate size, typical in most differentiation strategies, produces subsets of appropriate conditions for differentiation into specific cell types. Moreover, our findings suggest that the local microenvironment modulates endogenous parameters that can be used to influence pluripotent cell differentiation trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Liu Bauwens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University Health Network and Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto,Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Repin VS, Saburina IN, Sukhikh GT. Cell biology of fetal tissues and fundamental medicine. Bull Exp Biol Med 2007; 144:108-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-007-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Despite the critical importance of proper cell cycle regulation in establishing the correct morphology of organs and tissues during development, relatively little is known about how cell proliferation is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The control of cell proliferation within the developing heart is of considerable interest, given the high prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities among humans, and recent interest in the isolation of cardiac progenitor populations. We therefore review studies exploring the contribution of cell proliferation to overall cardiac morphology and the molecular mechanisms regulating this process. In addition, we also review recent studies that have identified progenitor cell populations within the adult myocardium, as well as those exploring the capability of differentiated myocardial cells to proliferate post-natally. Thus, the exploration of cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation, both during development as well as in the adult heart, promises to yield many exciting and important discoveries over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Goetz
- Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- Carolina Cardiovascular Biology Center; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics Fordham Hall; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
- Correspondence to: Frank L. Conlon; Department of Genetics; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; 221 Fordham Hall, CB 3280; Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 USA; Tel.: 919.843.5500;
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Kruithof BPT, van Wijk B, Somi S, Kruithof-de Julio M, Pérez Pomares JM, Weesie F, Wessels A, Moorman AFM, van den Hoff MJB. BMP and FGF regulate the differentiation of multipotential pericardial mesoderm into the myocardial or epicardial lineage. Dev Biol 2006; 295:507-22. [PMID: 16753139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proepicardial cells give rise to epicardium, coronary vasculature and cardiac fibroblasts. The proepicardium is derived from the mesodermal lining of the prospective pericardial cavity that simultaneously contributes myocardium to the venous pole of the elongating primitive heart tube. Using proepicardial explant cultures, we show that proepicardial cells have the potential to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells, reflecting the multipotency of this pericardial mesoderm. The differentiation into the myocardial or epicardial lineage is mediated by the cooperative action of BMP and FGF signaling. BMP2 is expressed in the distal IFT myocardium and stimulates cardiomyocyte formation. FGF2 is expressed in the proepicardium and stimulates differentiation into the epicardial lineage. In the base of the proepicardium, coexpression of BMP2 and FGF2 inhibits both myocardial and epicardial differentiation. We conclude that the epicardial/myocardial lineage decisions are mediated by an extrinsic, inductive mechanism, which is determined by the position of the cells in the pericardial mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudewijn P T Kruithof
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stary M, Schneider M, Sheikh SP, Weitzer G. Parietal endoderm secreted S100A4 promotes early cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 343:555-63. [PMID: 16554030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyogenesis is influenced by factors secreted by anterior-lateral and extra-embryonic endoderm. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies allows to study the influence of growth factors on cardiomyogenesis. By these means SPARC was identified as a new factor enhancing cardiomyogenesis [M. Stary, W. Pasteiner, A. Summer, A. Hrdina, A. Eger, G. Weitzer, Parietal endoderm secreted SPARC promotes early cardiomyogenesis in vitro, Exp. Cell Res. 310 (2005) 331-341]. Here we report a similar and new function for S100A4, a calcium-binding protein of the EF-hand type. S100A4 is secreted by parietal endoderm and promotes early differentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes. Oligomeric S100A4 supports cardiomyogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas inhibition of autocrine S100A4 severely attenuates cardiomyogenesis. S100A4 specifically influences transcription in differentiating cardiomyocytes, as evident from increased expression of cardiac transcription factor genes nkx2.5 and mef2C. These data suggest that S100A4, like SPARC, plays a supportive role in early in vitro cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Stary
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University Institutes at the Vienna Biocenter, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, A1030 Vienna, Austria
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Hallaq H, Pinter E, Enciso J, McGrath J, Zeiss C, Brueckner M, Madri J, Jacobs HC, Wilson CM, Vasavada H, Jiang X, Bogue CW. A null mutation of Hhex results in abnormal cardiac development, defective vasculogenesis and elevated Vegfa levels. Development 2004; 131:5197-209. [PMID: 15459110 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The homeobox gene Hhex has recently been shown to be essential for normal liver, thyroid and forebrain development. Hhex(-/-) mice die by mid-gestation (E14.5) and the cause of their early demise remains unclear. Because Hhex is expressed in the developing blood islands at E7.0 in the endothelium of the developing vasculature and heart at E9.0-9.5, and in the ventral foregut endoderm at E8.5-9.0, it has been postulated to play a critical role in heart and vascular development. We show here, for the first time, that a null mutation of Hhex results in striking abnormalities of cardiac and vascular development which include: (1) defective vasculogenesis, (2) hypoplasia of the right ventricle, (3) overabundant endocardial cushions accompanied by ventricular septal defects, outflow tract abnormalities and atrio-ventricular (AV) valve dysplasia and (4) aberrant development of the compact myocardium. The dramatic enlargement of the endocardial cushions in the absence of Hhex is due to decreased apoptosis and dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Interestingly, vascular endothelial growth factor A (Vegfa) levels in the hearts of Hhex(-/-) mice were elevated as much as three-fold between E9.5 and E11.5, and treatment of cultured Hhex(-/-) AV explants with truncated soluble Vegfa receptor 1, sFlt-1, an inhibitor of Vegf signaling, completely abolished the excessive epithelial-mesenchymal transformation seen in the absence of Hhex. Therefore, Hhex expression in the ventral foregut endoderm and/or the endothelium is necessary for normal cardiovascular development in vivo, and one function of Hhex is to repress Vegfa levels during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Hallaq
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06519-1361, USA
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Brand T, Andrée B, Schlange T. Molecular characterization of early cardiac development. Results Probl Cell Differ 2003; 38:215-38. [PMID: 12132397 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-45686-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Bader A, Gruss A, Höllrigl A, Al-Dubai H, Capetanaki Y, Weitzer G. Paracrine promotion of cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies by LIF modulated endoderm. Differentiation 2001; 68:31-43. [PMID: 11683491 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.2001.068001031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate embryo the heart is the first organ to form. Embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues are supposed to contribute to cardiac lineage commitment before and during gastrulation in a paracrine fashion. Evidence has accumulated that factors secreted by the anterior lateral endoderm and extra-embryonic endoderm contribute to cardiomyogenesis. Here we exploit in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells in embryoid bodies to study differentiation of the extraembryonic endodermal lineage, gastrulation-like processes, and the influence of endoderm on cardiomyogenesis. We demonstrate that in embryoid bodies primitive endoderm differentiates to visceral and parietal endoderm and that parietal endoderm influences onset of cardiomyogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Both increased concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor and its absence in lif-/- embryoid bodies hampered parietal endoderm formation. Reduced differentiation of parietal endoderm correlated with an attenuation of cardiomyogenesis even in the presence of LIE These and previous results suggest that leukemia inhibitory factor is directly and indirectly, via endoderm formation, involved in the regulation of cardiomyogenesis. Increased proliferation of parietal endoderm in lifr -/- embryoid bodies and addition of conditioned lif -/- cell culture supernatant promoted cardiomyogenesis, demonstrating for the first time that parietal endoderm also contributes to cardiomyogenesis in embryoid bodies in a paracrine and leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor independent pathway. New factors signaling independently of the leukemia inhibitory-factor receptor pathway may sustain cardiomyocyte cell proliferation and thus be a future target for gene therapy of cardiomyopathies and cell therapy of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bader
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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15
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Abstract
Since the first half of the 20th century, experimental embryologists have noted a relationship between endoderm cells and the development of cardiac tissue from mesoderm. During the past decade, the accumulation of evidence for an obligatory interaction between endoderm and mesoderm during the specification and terminal differentiation of myocardial, and more recently endocardial, cells has markedly accelerated. Moreover, the endoderm-derived molecules that may regulate these processes are being identified. It now appears that endoderm-derived growth factors regulate the formation of both myocardial and endocardial cells during specification, terminal differentiation, and perhaps morphogenesis of cells in the developing embryonic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Schlange T, Andrée B, Arnold HH, Brand T. BMP2 is required for early heart development during a distinct time period. Mech Dev 2000; 91:259-70. [PMID: 10704850 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BMP2, like its Drosophila homologue dpp, is an important signaling molecule for specification of cardiogenic mesoderm in vertebrates. Here, we analyzed the time-course of BMP2-requirement for early heart formation in whole chick embryos and in explants of antero-lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of Noggin to explants isolated at stage 4 and cultured for 24 h resulted in loss of NKX2.5, GATA4, eHAND, Mef2A and vMHC expression. At stages 5-8 the individual genes showed differential sensitivity to Noggin addition. While expression of eHAND, NKX2.5 and Mef2A was clearly reduced by Noggin vMHC was only marginally affected. In contrast, GATA4 expression was enhanced after Noggin treatment. The developmental period during which cardiac mesoderm required the presence of BMP signaling in vivo was assessed by implantation of Noggin expressing cells into stage 4-8 embryos which were then cultured until stage 10-11. Complete loss of NKX2.5 and eHAND expression was observed in embryos implanted at stages 4-6, and expression was still suppressed in stages 7 and 8 implanted embryos. GATA4 expression was also blocked by Noggin at stage 4, however increased at stages 5, 6 and 7. Explants of central mesendoderm, that normally do not form heart tissue were employed to study the time-course of BMP2-induced cardiac gene expression. The induction of cardiac lineage markers in central mesendoderm of stage 5 embryos was distinct for different genes. While GATA4, -5, -6 and MEF2A were induced to maximal levels within 6 h after BMP2 addition, eHAND and dHAND required 12 h to reach maximum levels of expression. NKX2.5 was induced by 6 h and accumulated over 48 h. vMHC and titin were induced at significant levels only after 48 h of BMP2 addition. These results indicate that cardiac marker genes display distinct expression kinetics after BMP2 addition and differential response to Noggin treatment suggesting complex regulation of myocardial gene expression in the early tubular heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlange
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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