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Damen FW, Gramling DP, Ahlf Wheatcraft D, Wilpan RY, Costa MW, Goergen CJ. Application of 4-D ultrasound-derived regional strain and proteomics analysis in Nkx2-5-deficient male mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H293-H310. [PMID: 37326999 PMCID: PMC10393333 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00733.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive characterization of cardiac structure and function is critical to better understanding various murine models of cardiac disease. We demonstrate here a multimodal analysis approach using high-frequency four-dimensional ultrasound (4DUS) imaging and proteomics to explore the relationship between regional function and tissue composition in a murine model of metabolic cardiomyopathy (Nkx2-5183P/+). The presented 4DUS analysis outlines a novel approach to mapping both circumferential and longitudinal strain profiles through a standardized framework. We then demonstrate how this approach allows for spatiotemporal comparisons of cardiac function and improved localization of regional left ventricular dysfunction. Guided by observed trends in regional dysfunction, our targeted Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) results highlight metabolic dysregulation in the Nkx2-5183P/+ model, including altered mitochondrial function and energy metabolism (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid/lipid handling). Finally, we present a combined 4DUS-proteomics z-score-based analysis that highlights IPA canonical pathways showing strong linear relationships with 4DUS biomarkers of regional cardiac dysfunction. The presented multimodal analysis methods aim to help future studies more comprehensively assess regional structure-function relationships in other preclinical models of cardiomyopathy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A multimodal approach using both four-dimensional ultrasound (4DUS) and regional proteomics can help enhance our investigations of murine cardiomyopathy models. We present unique 4DUS-derived strain maps that provide a framework for both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of spatiotemporal cardiac function. We further detail and demonstrate an innovative 4DUS-proteomics z-score-based linear regression method, aimed at characterizing relationships between regional cardiac dysfunction and underlying mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick W Damen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Daniel P Gramling
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | | | | | - Mauro W Costa
- Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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Xie X, Shi X, Xun X, Rao L. Associations of NKX2-5 Genetic Polymorphisms with the Risk of Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:953-61. [PMID: 27033241 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-016-1377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The NKX2-5 gene is a vital regulator of cardiac formation and development. Recently, the roles of NKX2-5 63A>G polymorphism and 606G>C polymorphism in congenital heart disease (CHD) have been extensively studied, with conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to better elucidate the associations between NKX2-5 genetic polymorphisms and CHD risk through a meta-analysis. Eligible articles were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and CNKI up to December 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals were used to detect any potential associations between NKX2-5 genetic polymorphisms and CHD risk. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with Q test and I (2) statistic. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to test the reliability and stability of the results, and funnel plots were applied to estimate publication bias. A total of 13 case-control studies including 2245 CHD patients and 1953 healthy controls were analyzed. The overall meta-analysis results showed that NKX2-5 63A>G polymorphism and 606G>C polymorphism were not significantly associated with CHD risk. Subgroup analysis was further performed for NKX2-5 63A>G polymorphism based on types of CHD and ethnicity of study population, and similar negative results were found in all subgroups. Our findings suggested that NKX2-5 63A>G polymorphism and 606G>C polymorphism may not be implicated in the pathogenesis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohan Shi
- Division of Reproductive Medical Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Xun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Rao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ruan Z, Zhu L, Yin Y, Chen G. Overexpressing NKx2.5 increases the differentiation of human umbilical cord drived mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:110-115. [PMID: 26898431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nkx2.5 is one of the transcription factors in early myocardial cell development and Nkx2.5 gene expression increased gradually in the course of stem cells differentiation. In this study, this study aimed to investigate whether overexpression of NKx2.5 increases human umbilical cord drived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) transdifferentiation into a cardiac phenotype in vitro. METHODS hUCMSCs were transduced with Nkx2.5 at the third passage (transduced group). Gene expression of cTnI, Desmin, Nkx2.5 and GATA-4 in transduced group was analyzed using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, and compared with no-transduced hUCMSCs (control group), which were transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) only. RESULTS Compared with control group, hUCMSCs in transduced group were shown by immunofluorescence to have higher expression of Nkx2.5. After incubation for 4 weeks, the mRNA and protein expression of cardiac genes, including cTnI, Desmin, Nkx2.5 and GATA-4, were up- regulated in transduced group compared with control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of Nkx2.5 significantly promotes the differentiation of hUCMSCs into cardiomyocytes and increases the expression of cTnI, Desmin, Nkx2.5, and GATA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Yigang Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225300, PR China
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Lu XL, Yao XL, Yan CY, Wan QL, Li YM. Functional role of NKX2-5 and Smad6 expression in developing rheumatic heart disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:715-720. [PMID: 26957275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) results due to the cross reaction of the host immune system when it develops immunity against group A streptococcal infection. This autoimmune disease progress with different pathological conditions and the genes associated with it are still less understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the role of NKX2-5 and Smad-6 in developing an RHD, we successfully developed RHD model using BALB/c mice and we evaluate the expression of NKX2-5 and Smad-6 in different conditions. RESULTS The disease conditions are confirmed through histological sectioning of RHD heart tissue with its associated Aschoff bodies. The histological of control heart tissue in the absence of NKX2-5 looks abnormal with an enlarged nucleus and in the absence of Smad-6 the solid nature of heart tissue loosens. The mice developed a complex form of acute RHD with tissue hardening in the absence of either NKX2-5 or Smad-6 which are confirmed in NKX2-5 or Smad-6 null mice. Immunohistochemical studies reveal that the NKX2-5 and Smad-6 expression get down regulated on developing with RHD. Through experiments, we detected that both Nkx2-5 and Smad-6 are both inter-dependable and it negatively regulated each other by inhibiting them. In the absence of NKX2-5 or Smad-6, a severe form of RHD is observed together with down-regulation of either NKX2-5 or Smad-6. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation of NKX2-5 and Smad-6 in RHD provides a new insight of data that helps to understand the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
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Roy RR, Sultana GN, Begum R, Shahinuzzaman AD, Sharif MI. The Aspect of NK2 Transcription Factor Related Locus-5 (NKX2.5) Gene Mutations in Bangladeshi Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) patients and 2D Relationship with their Age. Mymensingh Med J 2016; 25:79-84. [PMID: 26931254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a developmental defect of the heart which arises from the congenital abnormality of interatrial septum that perturbs the normal blood flow. Development of the heart is a complex biological process regulated by numerous genetic and environmental factors. During this process DNA binding proteins Myocardin, NKX2.5 (NK2 Transcription Factor Related Locus-5) and GATA4 (GATA Binding Protein-4) function by binding to SRF (Serum Response Factor) which is also a key regulator of myogenic terminal differentiation and frequently results in mitogenesis. Several studies suggest that mutations in the homeodomain containing transcription factor, NKX2.5, is implicated with atrial septal defect. This cross sectional descriptive study was done to investigate the frequency of NKX2.5 gene mutations among the patient with ASD who were undergoing surgical repair at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) and National Heart Foundation and Research Institute (NHF&RI), Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. Patients presented with ASD at any age of both sexes were selected as study population. We found six distinct polymorphic sites among Bangladeshi population. Among six polymorphic sites, two were located at position 487 and 495. These were present in around 80% of the affected individuals. However they were not present in control population. Our study also revealed that mutations present in the downstream sites or towards the end of the genes are restricted to older people, whereas mutations present towards the 5' site is common to population of all ages. This interesting relationship has encouraged us to raise two new hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Roy
- Dr Ratna Rani Roy, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College, Moghbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Drowley L, Koonce C, Peel S, Jonebring A, Plowright AT, Kattman SJ, Andersson H, Anson B, Swanson BJ, Wang QD, Brolen G. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Phenotypic Screening: A Transforming Growth Factor-β Type 1 Receptor Kinase Inhibitor Induces Efficient Cardiac Differentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 5:164-74. [PMID: 26683871 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several progenitor cell populations have been reported to exist in hearts that play a role in cardiac turnover and/or repair. Despite the presence of cardiac stem and progenitor cells within the myocardium, functional repair of the heart after injury is inadequate. Identification of the signaling pathways involved in the expansion and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) will broaden insight into the fundamental mechanisms playing a role in cardiac homeostasis and disease and might provide strategies for in vivo regenerative therapies. To understand and exploit cardiac ontogeny for drug discovery efforts, we developed an in vitro human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CPC model system using a highly enriched population of KDR(pos)/CKIT(neg)/NKX2.5(pos) CPCs. Using this model system, these CPCs were capable of generating highly enriched cultures of cardiomyocytes under directed differentiation conditions. In order to facilitate the identification of pathways and targets involved in proliferation and differentiation of resident CPCs, we developed phenotypic screening assays. Screening paradigms for therapeutic applications require a robust, scalable, and consistent methodology. In the present study, we have demonstrated the suitability of these cells for medium to high-throughput screens to assess both proliferation and multilineage differentiation. Using this CPC model system and a small directed compound set, we identified activin-like kinase 5 (transforming growth factor-β type 1 receptor kinase) inhibitors as novel and potent inducers of human CPC differentiation to cardiomyocytes. Significance: Cardiac disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with no treatment available that can result in functional repair. This study demonstrates how differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells can be used to identify and isolate cell populations of interest that can translate to the adult human heart. Two separate examples of phenotypic screens are discussed, demonstrating the value of this biologically relevant and reproducible technology. In addition, this assay system was able to identify novel and potent inducers of differentiation and proliferation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Drowley
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Chad Koonce
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alleyn T Plowright
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | | | - Blake Anson
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Qing-Dong Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Innovative Medicine Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Kinnunen S, Välimäki M, Tölli M, Wohlfahrt G, Darwich R, Komati H, Nemer M, Ruskoaho H. Nuclear Receptor-Like Structure and Interaction of Congenital Heart Disease-Associated Factors GATA4 and NKX2-5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144145. [PMID: 26642209 PMCID: PMC4671672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Transcription factor GATA4 is a dosage sensitive regulator of heart development and alterations in its level or activity lead to congenital heart disease (CHD). GATA4 has also been implicated in cardiac regeneration and repair. GATA4 action involves combinatorial interaction with other cofactors such as NKX2-5, another critical cardiac regulator whose mutations also cause CHD. Despite its critical importance to the heart and its evolutionary conservation across species, the structural basis of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction remains incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS A homology model was constructed and used to identify surface amino acids important for the interaction of GATA4 and NKX2-5. These residues were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant proteins were characterized for their ability to bind DNA and to physically and functionally interact with NKX2-5. The studies identify 5 highly conserved amino acids in the second zinc finger (N272, R283, Q274, K299) and its C-terminal extension (R319) that are critical for physical and functional interaction with the third alpha helix of NKX2-5 homeodomain. Integration of the experimental data with computational modeling suggests that the structural arrangement of the zinc finger-homeodomain resembles the architecture of the conserved DNA binding domain of nuclear receptors. CONCLUSIONS The results provide novel insight into the structural basis for protein-protein interactions between two important classes of transcription factors. The model proposed will help to elucidate the molecular basis for disease causing mutations in GATA4 and NKX2-5 and may be relevant to other members of the GATA and NK classes of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sini Kinnunen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Välimäki
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Tölli
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gerd Wohlfahrt
- Orion Pharma, Computer-Aided Drug Design, Espoo, Finland
| | - Rami Darwich
- Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hiba Komati
- Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mona Nemer
- Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail: (HR); (MN)
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail: (HR); (MN)
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Zafir A, Bradley JA, Long BW, Muthusamy S, Li Q, Hill BG, Wysoczynski M, Prabhu SD, Bhatnagar A, Bolli R, Jones SP. O-GlcNAcylation Negatively Regulates Cardiomyogenic Fate in Adult Mouse Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142939. [PMID: 26565625 PMCID: PMC4643874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In both preclinical and clinical studies, cell transplantation of several cell types is used to promote repair of damaged organs and tissues. Nevertheless, despite the widespread use of such strategies, there remains little understanding of how the efficacy of cell therapy is regulated. We showed previously that augmentation of a unique, metabolically derived stress signal (i.e., O-GlcNAc) improves survival of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells; however, it is not known whether enhancing O-GlcNAcylation affects lineage commitment or other aspects of cell competency. In this study, we assessed the role of O-GlcNAc in differentiation of cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells. Exposure of these cells to routine differentiation protocols in culture increased markers of the cardiomyogenic lineage such as Nkx2.5 and connexin 40, and augmented the abundance of transcripts associated with endothelial and fibroblast cell fates. Differentiation significantly decreased the abundance of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. To determine if O-GlcNAc is involved in stromal cell differentiation, O-GlcNAcylation was increased pharmacologically during the differentiation protocol. Although elevated O-GlcNAc levels did not significantly affect fibroblast and endothelial marker expression, acquisition of cardiomyocyte markers was limited. In addition, increasing O-GlcNAcylation further elevated smooth muscle actin expression. In addition to lineage commitment, we also evaluated proliferation and migration, and found that increasing O-GlcNAcylation did not significantly affect either; however, we found that O-GlcNAc transferase--the protein responsible for adding O-GlcNAc to proteins--is at least partially required for maintaining cellular proliferative and migratory capacities. We conclude that O-GlcNAcylation contributes significantly to cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell lineage and function. O-GlcNAcylation and pathological conditions that may affect O-GlcNAc levels (such as diabetes) should be considered carefully in the context of cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafir
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - James A. Bradley
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bethany W. Long
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Senthilkumar Muthusamy
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Qianhong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bradford G. Hill
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Steven P. Jones
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology; Diabetes and Obesity Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Cao Y, Lan W, Li Y, Wei C, Zou H, Jiang L. Single nucleotide polymorphism of NKX2-5 gene with sporadic congenital heart disease in Chinese Bai population. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:14917-24. [PMID: 26823822 PMCID: PMC4713608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth abnormality, especially for sporadic CHD. However, the etiology of sporadic CHD is largely unknown. NKX2-5, the earliest sign of cardiac progenitor cell differentiation, plays a key role in cardiac morphogenesis, and the mutation of this gene can cause sporadic CHD. PURPOSE To investigate the association of genetic variations of NKX2-5 with sporadic CHD in Chinese Bai people. METHODS The whole 2 coding exons and flanking intron sequences of NKX2-5 gene were screened using DNA sequencing in 70 Chinese Bai patients with sporadic CHD and 136 healthy controls. RESULTS A novel heterozygous DNA sequence variant (DSV), 1433A>G, was identified in one tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patient and one persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) patient, but none in controls. The frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2277923 in CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group. The allele and genotype were associated with the occurrence of CHD. CONCLUSION The novel DSV (1433A>G) may be relevant with TOF and PLSVC, and the SNP rs2277923 of NKX2-5 gene contributes to the risk of sporadic CHD in Chinese Bai people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital Kunming 650051, China
| | - Weixing Lan
- Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital Liuzhou 545007, China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital Kunming 650051, China
| | - Chuanyu Wei
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital Kunming 650051, China
| | - Honglin Zou
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital Kunming 650051, China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yan'an Hospital Kunming 650051, China
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Han SS, Wang G, Jin Y, Ma ZL, Jia WJ, Wu X, Wang XY, He MY, Cheng X, Li WJ, Yang X, Liu GS. Investigating the Mechanism of Hyperglycemia-Induced Fetal Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139141. [PMID: 26418041 PMCID: PMC4587747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic mothers enhances the risk of fetal cardiac hypertrophy during gestation. However, the mechanism of high-glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy is not largely understood. In this study, we first demonstrated that the incidence rate of cardiac hypertrophy dramatically increased in fetuses of diabetic mothers using color ultrasound examination. In addition, human fetal cardiac hypertrophy was successfully mimicked in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mouse model, in which mouse cardiac hypertrophy was diagnosed using type-M ultrasound and a histological assay. PH3 immunofluorescent staining of mouse fetal hearts and in vitro-cultured H9c2 cells indicated that cell proliferation decreased in E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mice, and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells increased in the presence of high glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we found that the individual cardiomyocyte size increased in pre-gestational diabetes mellitus mice and in response to high glucose exposure. Meanwhile, the expression of β-MHC and BMP-10 was up-regulated. Nkx2.5 immunofluorescent staining showed that the expression of Nkx2.5, a crucial cardiac transcription factor, was suppressed in the ventricular septum, left ventricular wall and right ventricular wall of E18.5, E15.5 and E13.5 mouse hearts. However, cardiac hypertrophy did not morphologically occur in E13.5 mouse hearts. In cultured H9c2 cells exposed to high glucose, Nkx2.5 expression decreased, as detected by both immunostaining and western blotting, and the expression of KCNE1 and Cx43 was also restricted. Taken together, alterations in cell size rather than cell proliferation or apoptosis are responsible for hyperglycemia-induced fetal cardiac hypertrophy. The aberrant expression of Nkx2.5 and its regulatory target genes in the presence of high glucose could be a principal component of pathogenesis in the development of fetal cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha-sha Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ya Jin
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zheng-lai Ma
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Jia
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiao-yu Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mei-yao He
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-jing Li
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
| | - Guo-sheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- * E-mail: (GSL); (XSY)
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11
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P. Dingal PCD, Bradshaw AM, Cho S, Raab M, Buxboim A, Swift J, Discher DE. Fractal heterogeneity in minimal matrix models of scars modulates stiff-niche stem-cell responses via nuclear exit of a mechanorepressor. Nat Mater 2015; 14:951-60. [PMID: 26168347 PMCID: PMC4545733 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Scarring is a long-lasting problem in higher animals, and reductionist approaches could aid in developing treatments. Here, we show that copolymerization of collagen I with polyacrylamide produces minimal matrix models of scars (MMMS), in which fractal-fibre bundles segregate heterogeneously to the hydrogel subsurface. Matrix stiffens locally-as in scars-while allowing separate control over adhesive-ligand density. The MMMS elicits scar-like phenotypes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs): cells spread and polarize quickly, increasing nucleoskeletal lamin-A yet expressing the 'scar marker' smooth muscle actin (SMA) more slowly. Surprisingly, expression responses to MMMS exhibit less cell-to-cell noise than homogeneously stiff gels. Such differences from bulk-average responses arise because a strong SMA repressor, NKX2.5, slowly exits the nucleus on rigid matrices. NKX2.5 overexpression overrides rigid phenotypes, inhibiting SMA and cell spreading, whereas cytoplasm-localized NKX2.5 mutants degrade in well-spread cells. MSCs thus form a 'mechanical memory' of rigidity by progressively suppressing NKX2.5, thereby elevating SMA in a scar-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Dave P. Dingal
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bradshaw
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Raab
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amnon Buxboim
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joe Swift
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E. Discher
- Biophysical Engineering Labs for Molecular & Cell Biophysics and NanoBio-Polymers, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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12
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Wang F, Wu Y, Quon MJ, Li X, Yang P. ASK1 mediates the teratogenicity of diabetes in the developing heart by inducing ER stress and inhibiting critical factors essential for cardiac development. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E487-99. [PMID: 26173459 PMCID: PMC4556884 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes in mice induces heart defects similar to those observed in human diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes enhances apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation in the developing heart, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) activates the proapoptotic c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2) leading to apoptosis, suggesting a possible role of ASK1 in diabetes-induced heart defects. We aimed to investigate whether ASK1 is activated in the heart and whether deleting the Ask1 gene blocks diabetes-induced adverse events and heart defect formation. The ASK1-JNK1/2 pathway was activated by diabetes. Deleting Ask1 gene significantly reduced the rate of heart defects, including ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA). Additionally, Ask1 deletion diminished diabetes-induced JNK1/2 phosphorylation and its downstream transcription factors and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. Consistent with this, caspase activation and apoptosis were blunted. Ask1 deletion blocked the increase in cell cycle inhibitors (p21 and p27) and the decrease in cyclin D1 and D3 and reversed diabetes-repressed cell proliferation. Ask1 deletion also restored the expression of BMP4, NKX2.5, and GATA5, Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation, whose mutations or deletion result in reduced cell proliferation, VSD, and PTA formation. We conclude that ASK1 may mediate the teratogenicity of diabetes through activating the JNK1/2-ER stress pathway and inhibiting cell cycle progression, thereby impeding the cardiogenesis pathways essential for ventricular septation and outflow tract development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclin D1/metabolism
- Cyclin D3/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/genetics
- Female
- GATA5 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Heart/embryology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/etiology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/metabolism
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/etiology
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/genetics
- Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/metabolism
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/genetics
- Pregnancy in Diabetics/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad1 Protein/metabolism
- Smad5 Protein/metabolism
- Smad8 Protein/metabolism
- Teratogenesis/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/etiology
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/genetics
- Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | | | - Xuezheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Huang Y, Wang C, Yao Y, Zuo X, Chen S, Xu C, Zhang H, Lu Q, Chang L, Wang F, Wang P, Zhang R, Hu Z, Song Q, Yang X, Li C, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Yin D, Wang X, Si W, Li X, Xiong X, Wang D, Huang Y, Luo C, Li J, Wang J, Chen J, Wang L, Wang L, Han M, Ye J, Chen F, Liu J, Liu Y, Wu G, Yang B, Cheng X, Liao Y, Wu Y, Ke T, Chen Q, Tu X, Elston R, Rao S, Yang Y, Xia Y, Wang QK. Molecular Basis of Gene-Gene Interaction: Cyclic Cross-Regulation of Gene Expression and Post-GWAS Gene-Gene Interaction Involved in Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005393. [PMID: 26267381 PMCID: PMC4534423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia at the clinic. Recent GWAS identified several variants associated with AF, but they account for <10% of heritability. Gene-gene interaction is assumed to account for a significant portion of missing heritability. Among GWAS loci for AF, only three were replicated in the Chinese Han population, including SNP rs2106261 (G/A substitution) in ZFHX3, rs2200733 (C/T substitution) near PITX2c, and rs3807989 (A/G substitution) in CAV1. Thus, we analyzed the interaction among these three AF loci. We demonstrated significant interaction between rs2106261 and rs2200733 in three independent populations and combined population with 2,020 cases/5,315 controls. Compared to non-risk genotype GGCC, two-locus risk genotype AATT showed the highest odds ratio in three independent populations and the combined population (OR=5.36 (95% CI 3.87-7.43), P=8.00×10-24). The OR of 5.36 for AATT was significantly higher than the combined OR of 3.31 for both GGTT and AACC, suggesting a synergistic interaction between rs2106261 and rs2200733. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) analysis also revealed significant interaction between rs2106261 and rs2200733 when exposed two copies of risk alleles (RERI=2.87, P<1.00×10-4) or exposed to one additional copy of risk allele (RERI=1.29, P<1.00×10-4). The INTERSNP program identified significant genotypic interaction between rs2106261 and rs2200733 under an additive by additive model (OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.74-0.97, P=0.02). Mechanistically, PITX2c negatively regulates expression of miR-1, which negatively regulates expression of ZFHX3, resulting in a positive regulation of ZFHX3 by PITX2c; ZFHX3 positively regulates expression of PITX2C, resulting in a cyclic loop of cross-regulation between ZFHX3 and PITX2c. Both ZFHX3 and PITX2c regulate expression of NPPA, TBX5 and NKX2.5. These results suggest that cyclic cross-regulation of gene expression is a molecular basis for gene-gene interactions involved in genetics of complex disease traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenkun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qixue Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxia Si
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingqiu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, China
| | - Tie Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert Elston
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanzong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qing K. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Center, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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14
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Doppler SA, Werner A, Barz M, Lahm H, Deutsch MA, Dreßen M, Schiemann M, Voss B, Gregoire S, Kuppusamy R, Wu SM, Lange R, Krane M. Myeloid zinc finger 1 (Mzf1) differentially modulates murine cardiogenesis by interacting with an Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113775. [PMID: 25436607 PMCID: PMC4249966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate heart development is strictly regulated by temporal and spatial expression of growth and transcription factors (TFs). We analyzed nine TFs, selected by in silico analysis of an Nkx2.5 enhancer, for their ability to transactivate the respective enhancer element that drives, specifically, expression of genes in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Mzf1 showed significant activity in reporter assays and bound directly to the Nkx2.5 cardiac enhancer (Nkx2.5 CE) during murine ES cell differentiation. While Mzf1 is established as a hematopoietic TF, its ability to regulate cardiogenesis is completely unknown. Mzf1 expression was significantly enriched in CPCs from in vitro differentiated ES cells and in mouse embryonic hearts. To examine the effect of Mzf1 overexpression on CPC formation, we generated a double transgenic, inducible, tetOMzf1-Nkx2.5 CE eGFP ES line. During in vitro differentiation an early and continuous Mzf1 overexpression inhibited CPC formation and cardiac gene expression. A late Mzf1 overexpression, coincident with a second physiological peak of Mzf1 expression, resulted in enhanced cardiogenesis. These findings implicate a novel, temporal-specific role of Mzf1 in embryonic heart development. Thereby we add another piece of puzzle in understanding the complex mechanisms of vertebrate cardiac development and progenitor cell differentiation. Consequently, this knowledge will be of critical importance to guide efficient cardiac regenerative strategies and to gain further insights into the molecular basis of congenital heart malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A. Doppler
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Astrid Werner
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Barz
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Groups “Antigen-specific Immunotherapy” and “Immune-Monitoring”, Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg), TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Voss
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Serge Gregoire
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rajarajan Kuppusamy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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15
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Rivers ER, Horton AJ, Hawk AF, Favre EG, Senf KM, Nietert PJ, Chang EY, Foley AC, Robinson CJ, Lee KH. Placental Nkx2-5 and target gene expression in early-onset and severe preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2014; 33:412-26. [PMID: 24987805 PMCID: PMC4192008 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2014.925564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2-8% of pregnancies worldwide and is a significant source of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying PE are poorly understood and major questions regarding etiology and risk factors remain to be addressed. Our objective was to examine whether abnormal expression of the cardiovascular developmental transcription factor, Nkx2-5, was associated with early onset and severe preeclampsia (EOSPE). METHODS Using qPCR and immunohistochemical assay, we examined expression of Nkx2-5 and target gene expression in EOSPE and control placental tissue. We tested resulting mechanistic hypotheses in cultured cells using shRNA knockdown, qPCR, and western blot. RESULTS Nkx2-5 is highly expressed in racially disparate fashion (Caucasians > African Americans) in a subset of early EOSPE placentae. Nkx2-5 mRNA expression is highly correlated (Caucasians > African Americans) to mRNA expression of the preeclampsia marker sFlt-1, and of the Nkx2-5 target and RNA splicing factor, Sam68. Knockdown of Sam68 expression in cultured cells significantly impacts sFlt-1 mRNA isoform generation in vitro, supporting a mechanistic hypothesis that Nkx2-5 impacts EOSPE severity in a subset of patients via upregulation of Sam68 to increase sFlt-1 expression. Expression of additional Nkx2-5 targets potentially regulating metabolic stress response is also elevated in a racially disparate fashion in EOSPE. CONCLUSIONS Expression of Nkx2-5 and its target genes may directly influence the genesis and racially disparate severity, and define a mechanistically distinct subclass of EOSPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. Rivers
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Anthony J. Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Angela F. Hawk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Elizabeth G. Favre
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Katherine M. Senf
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Paul J. Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Eugene Y. Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Ann C. Foley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Charleston, SC
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16
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Prendiville T, Jay PY, Pu WT. Insights into the genetic structure of congenital heart disease from human and murine studies on monogenic disorders. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a013946. [PMID: 25274754 PMCID: PMC4200204 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a013946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Study of monogenic congenital heart disease (CHD) has provided entry points to gain new understanding of heart development and the molecular pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we discuss monogenic CHD caused by mutations of the cardiac transcription factor genes NKX2-5 and GATA4. Detailed investigation of these genes in mice and humans has expanded our understanding of heart development, shedding light on the complex genetic and environmental factors that influence expression and penetrance of CHD gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Prendiville
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Patrick Y Jay
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Villa Del Campo C, Clavería C, Sierra R, Torres M. Cell competition promotes phenotypically silent cardiomyocyte replacement in the mammalian heart. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1741-1751. [PMID: 25199831 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous anabolic capacity in cell populations can trigger a phenomenon known as cell competition, through which less active cells are eliminated. Cell competition has been induced experimentally in stem/precursor cell populations in insects and mammals and takes place endogenously in early mouse embryonic cells. Here, we show that cell competition can be efficiently induced in mouse cardiomyocytes by mosaic overexpression of Myc during both gestation and adult life. The expansion of the Myc-overexpressing cardiomyocyte population is driven by the elimination of wild-type cardiomyocytes. Importantly, this cardiomyocyte replacement is phenotypically silent and does not affect heart anatomy or function. These results show that the capacity for cell competition in mammals is not restricted to stem cell populations and suggest that stimulated cell competition has potential as a cardiomyocyte-replacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Villa Del Campo
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Clavería
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sierra
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Departamento de Desarrollo y Reparación Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), c/ Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Schupp MO, Waas M, Chun CZ, Ramchandran R. Transcriptional inhibition of etv2 expression is essential for embryonic cardiac development. Dev Biol 2014; 393:71-83. [PMID: 24984259 PMCID: PMC4137469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
E-twenty six variant 2 (Etv2) transcription factor participates in cardiac, vascular-endothelial and blood cell lineage specification decisions during embryonic development. Previous studies have identified genomic elements in the etv2 locus responsible for vascular endothelial cell specification. Using transgenic analysis in zebrafish, we report here an etv2 proximal promoter fragment that prevents transgene misexpression in myocardial progenitor cells. This inhibition of etv2 expression in the cardiac progenitor population is partly mediated by Scl and Nkx2.5, likely through direct binding to the etv2 promoter, and cis-regulatory elements located in the first and second introns. The results identify an etv2 cis-regulatory mechanism controlling cardiovascular fate choice implying that etv2 participates in a transcriptional network mediating developmental plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus-Oliver Schupp
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Waas
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chang-Zoon Chun
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Room CG-98, 1600 Archer Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, CRI Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, CRI C3420, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, P.O. Box 26509, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Vincenzi M, Camilot M, Ferrarini E, Teofoli F, Venturi G, Gaudino R, Cavarzere P, De Marco G, Agretti P, Dimida A, Tonacchera M, Boner A, Antoniazzi F. Identification of a novel pax8 gene sequence variant in four members of the same family: from congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia to mild subclinical hypothyroidism. BMC Endocr Disord 2014; 14:69. [PMID: 25146893 PMCID: PMC4142740 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-14-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism is often secondary to thyroid dysgenesis, including thyroid agenesis, hypoplasia, ectopic thyroid tissue or cysts. Loss of function mutations in TSHR, PAX8, NKX2.1, NKX2.5 and FOXE1 genes are responsible for some forms of inherited congenital hypothyroidism, with or without hypoplastic thyroid. The aim of this study was to analyse the PAX8 gene sequence in several members of the same family in order to understand whether the variable phenotypic expression, ranging from congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia to mild subclinical hypothyroidism, could be associated to the genetic variant in the PAX8 gene, detected in the proband. METHODS We screened a hypothyroid child with thyroid hypoplasia for mutations in PAX8, TSHR, NKX2.1, NKX2.5 and FOXE1 genes. We studied the inheritance of the new variant R133W detected in the PAX8 gene in the proband's family, and we looked for the same substitution in 115 Caucasian European subjects and in 26 hypothyroid children. Functional studies were performed to assess the in vitro effect of the newly identified PAX8 gene variant. RESULTS A new heterozygous nucleotide substitution was detected in the PAX8 DNA-binding motif (c.397C/T, R133W) in the proband, affected by congenital hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia, in his older sister, displaying a subclinical hypothyroidism associated with thyroid hypoplasia and thyroid nodules, in his father, affected by hypothyroidism with thyroid hypoplasia and thyroid nodules, and his first cousin as well, who revealed only a subclinical hypothyroidism. Functional studies of R133W-PAX8 in the HEK293 cells showed activation of the TG promoter comparable to the wild-type PAX8. CONCLUSIONS In vitro data do not prove that R133W-PAX8 is directly involved in the development of the thyroid phenotypes reported for family members carrying the substitution. However, it is reasonable to conceive that, in the cases of transcriptions factors, such as Pax8, which establish several interactions in different protein complexes, genetic variants could have an impact in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vincenzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Camilot
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrarini
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro di Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Teofoli
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Venturi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Rossella Gaudino
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavarzere
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Marco
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro di Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agretti
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro di Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Dimida
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro di Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Tonacchera
- Department of Endocrinology, Centro di Eccellenza AmbiSEN, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Attilio Boner
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Scuro 10, 37126 Verona, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
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Koivisto E, Jurado Acosta A, Moilanen AM, Tokola H, Aro J, Pennanen H, Säkkinen H, Kaikkonen L, Ruskoaho H, Rysä J. Characterization of the regulatory mechanisms of activating transcription factor 3 by hypertrophic stimuli in rat cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105168. [PMID: 25136830 PMCID: PMC4138181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-activated immediate early gene suggested to have both detrimental and cardioprotective role in the heart. Here we studied the mechanisms of ATF3 activation by hypertrophic stimuli and ATF3 downstream targets in rat cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results When neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nM) and mechanical stretching in vitro, maximal increase in ATF3 expression occurred at 1 hour. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by PD98059 decreased ET-1– and stretch–induced increase of ATF3 protein but not ATF3 mRNA levels, whereas protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 attenuated both ATF3 mRNA transcription and protein expression in response to ET-1 and stretch. To characterize further the regulatory mechanisms upstream of ATF3, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was investigated using a gain-of-function approach. Adenoviral overexpression of p38α, but not p38β, increased ATF3 mRNA and protein levels as well as DNA binding activity. To investigate the role of ATF3 in hypertrophic process, we overexpressed ATF3 by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. In vitro, ATF3 gene delivery attenuated the mRNA transcription of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and enhanced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Nkx-2.5 DNA binding activities. Reduced PAI-1 expression was also detected in vivo in adult rat heart by direct intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated ATF3 gene delivery. Conclusions These data demonstrate that ATF3 activation by ET-1 and mechanical stretch is partly mediated through ERK and cAMP-PKA pathways, whereas p38 MAPK pathway is involved in ATF3 activation exclusively through p38α isoform. ATF3 activation caused induction of modulators of the inflammatory response NF-κB and Nkx-2.5, as well as attenuation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory proteins IL-6 and PAI-1, suggesting cardioprotective role for ATF3 in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Koivisto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicia Jurado Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne-Mari Moilanen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Tokola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jani Aro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri Pennanen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Säkkinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leena Kaikkonen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Ruskoaho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Pradhan L, Gopal S, Nam HJ. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the cardiac transcription factor complex of NKX2.5 and TBX5 with DNA. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:592-5. [PMID: 24817716 PMCID: PMC4014325 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14006761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart development depends on timely expression of genes regulated by combinatorial interactions of master cardiac transcription factors. To elucidate the molecular basis of their interactions, a ternary complex of cardiac transcription factors, NKX2.5 and TBX5, and their target DNA was studied using X-ray crystallography. Here, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analyses of the NKX2.5 homeodomain and TBX5 DNA-binding domain complex with a DNA element from the -252 promoter region of the atrial natriuretic factor are reported. The crystal diffracted to 2.88 Å resolution and belonged to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 69.30, b = 77.78, c = 77.60 Å, β = 108.31°. Two sets of ternary complexes are present in an asymmetric unit with a solvent content of 54%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lagnajeet Pradhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Sunil Gopal
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Hyun-Joo Nam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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22
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Carter DR, Buckle AD, Tanaka K, Perdomo J, Chong BH. Art27 interacts with GATA4, FOG2 and NKX2.5 and is a novel co-repressor of cardiac genes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95253. [PMID: 24743694 PMCID: PMC3990687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a crucial role in regulation of cardiac biology. FOG-2 is indispensable in this setting, predominantly functioning through a physical interaction with GATA-4. This study aimed to identify novel co-regulators of FOG-2 to further elaborate on its inhibitory activity on GATA-4. The Art27 transcription factor was identified by a yeast-2-hybrid library screen to be a novel FOG-2 protein partner. Characterisation revealed that Art27 is co-expressed with FOG-2 and GATA-4 throughout cardiac myocyte differentiation and in multiple structures of the adult heart. Art27 physically interacts with GATA-4, FOG-2 and other cardiac transcription factors and by this means, down-regulates their activity on cardiac specific promoters α-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide. Regulation of endogenous cardiac genes by Art27 was shown using microarray analysis of P19CL6-Mlc2v-GFP cardiomyocytes. Together these results suggest that Art27 is a novel transcription factor that is involved in downregulation of cardiac specific genes by physically interacting and inhibiting the activity of crucial transcriptions factors involved in cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Carter
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Buckle
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jose Perdomo
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Beng H. Chong
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Medicine, St. George Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Haematology Department, St George and Sutherland Hospitals, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Hartman ME, Librande JR, Medvedev IO, Ahmad RN, Moussavi-Harami F, Gupta PP, Chien WM, Chin MT. An optimized and simplified system of mouse embryonic stem cell cardiac differentiation for the assessment of differentiation modifiers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93033. [PMID: 24667642 PMCID: PMC3965510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells is an important technique for understanding cardiovascular development, the origins of cardiovascular diseases and also for providing potential reagents for cardiac repair. Numerous methods have been published but often are technically challenging, complex, and are not easily adapted to assessment of specific gene contributions to cardiac myocyte differentiation. Here we report the development of an optimized protocol to induce the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to cardiac myocytes that is simplified and easily adapted for genetic studies. Specifically, we made four critical findings that distinguish our protocol: 1) mouse embryonic stem cells cultured in media containing CHIR99021 and PD0325901 to maintain pluripotency will efficiently form embryoid bodies containing precardiac mesoderm when cultured in these factors at a reduced dosage, 2) low serum conditions promote cardiomyocyte differentiation and can be used in place of commercially prepared StemPro nutrient supplement, 3) the Wnt inhibitor Dkk-1 is dispensable for efficient cardiac differentiation and 4) tracking differentiation efficiency may be done with surface expression of PDGFRα alone. In addition, cardiac mesodermal precursors generated by this system can undergo lentiviral infection to manipulate the expression of specific target molecules to assess effects on cardiac myocyte differentiation and maturation. Using this approach, we assessed the effects of CHF1/Hey2 on cardiac myocyte differentiation, using both gain and loss of function. Overexpression of CHF1/Hey2 at the cardiac mesoderm stage had no apparent effect on cardiac differentiation, while knockdown of CHF1/Hey2 resulted in increased expression of atrial natriuretic factor and connexin 43, suggesting an alteration in the phenotype of the cardiomyocytes. In summary we have generated a detailed and simplified protocol for generating cardiomyocytes from mES cells that is optimized for investigating factors that affect cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Hartman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Librande
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ivan O. Medvedev
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rabiah N. Ahmad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Pritha P. Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Chin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang L, Nomura-Kitabayashi A, Sultana N, Cai W, Cai X, Moon AM, Cai CL. Mesodermal Nkx2.5 is necessary and sufficient for early second heart field development. Dev Biol 2014; 390:68-79. [PMID: 24613616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate heart develops from mesoderm and requires inductive signals secreted from early endoderm. During embryogenesis, Nkx2.5 acts as a key transcription factor and plays essential roles for heart formation from Drosophila to human. In mice, Nkx2.5 is expressed in the early first heart field, second heart field pharyngeal mesoderm, as well as pharyngeal endodermal cells underlying the second heart field. Currently, the specific requirements for Nkx2.5 in the endoderm versus mesoderm with regard to early heart formation are incompletely understood. Here, we performed tissue-specific deletion in mice to dissect the roles of Nkx2.5 in the pharyngeal endoderm and mesoderm. We found that heart development appeared normal after endodermal deletion of Nkx2.5 whereas mesodermal deletion engendered cardiac defects almost identical to those observed on Nkx2.5 null embryos (Nkx2.5(-/-)). Furthermore, re-expression of Nkx2.5 in the mesoderm rescued Nkx2.5(-/-) heart defects. Our findings reveal that Nkx2.5 in the mesoderm is essential while endodermal expression is dispensable for early heart formation in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Aya Nomura-Kitabayashi
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Weibin Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Anne M Moon
- Weis Center for Research, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Kontaraki JE, Kochiadakis GE, Marketou ME, Chlouverakis G, Igoumenidis NE, Saloustros IG, Vardas PE. Early cardiac gene transcript levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflect severity in stable coronary artery disease. Hellenic J Cardiol 2014; 55:119-125. [PMID: 24681789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The early cardiac marker genes myocardin, GATA4 and Nkx2.5, play a role in both embryonic cardiovascular development and adult cardiovascular disease. We evaluated transcript levels of myocardin, GATA4 and Nkx2.5 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and we examined the relationship between these levels and the severity of the disease, estimated by the number of stenotic vessels involved. METHODS Ninety-eight patients with stable CAD (age 66 ± 9 years) who underwent coronary angiography participated in the study; 66 healthy individuals (age 58 ± 13 years) were also included for comparison. Gene transcript levels were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Patients with 3-vessel CAD had elevated transcript levels of myocardin (median difference 2.7, p=0.001, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1-5.8), GATA4 (median difference 0.3, p=0.015, 95% CI: 0.1-1.9) and Nkx2.5 (median difference 16.1, p<0.001, 95% CI: 4.5-23) compared to healthy controls. Patients with 3-vessel CAD also showed elevated transcript levels of myocardin (median difference 2.3, p=0.001, 95% CI: 0.49-5.5) and Nkx2.5 (median difference 11.8, p<0.001, 95% CI: 1.5-21.5) compared to patients with 1-vessel CAD. CONCLUSIONS Early cardiac marker gene transcript levels are significantly higher in the PBMCs of patients with severe stable CAD than in those of healthy controls, and show alterations in their expression profile according to the disease severity status. Our results indicate for the first time that changes in the early cardiac gene expression in the peripheral blood of stable CAD patients, possibly as a result of alterations in circulating cardiovascular progenitor cells that express these genes, may reflect the level of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Kontaraki
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Mike AK, Koenig X, Koley M, Heher P, Wahl G, Rubi L, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD, Weitzer G, Hilber K. Small molecule cardiogenol C upregulates cardiac markers and induces cardiac functional properties in lineage-committed progenitor cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 33:205-21. [PMID: 24481283 PMCID: PMC4389081 DOI: 10.1159/000356663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cell transplantation into the heart is a new therapy after myocardial infarction. Its success, however, is impeded by poor donor cell survival and by limited transdifferentiation of the transplanted cells into functional cardiomyocytes. A promising strategy to overcome these problems is the induction of cardiomyogenic properties in donor cells by small molecules. METHODS Here we studied cardiomyogenic effects of the small molecule compound cardiogenol C (CgC), and structural derivatives thereof, on lineage-committed progenitor cells by various molecular biological, biochemical, and functional assays. RESULTS Treatment with CgC up-regulated cardiac marker expression in skeletal myoblasts. Importantly, the compound also induced cardiac functional properties: first, cardiac-like sodium currents in skeletal myoblasts, and secondly, spontaneous contractions in cardiovascular progenitor cell-derived cardiac bodies. CONCLUSION CgC induces cardiomyogenic function in lineage-committed progenitor cells, and can thus be considered a promising tool to improve cardiac repair by cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes K. Mike
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Xaver Koenig
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Moumita Koley
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology
| | - Philipp Heher
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Wahl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Lena Rubi
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology
| | | | - Georg Weitzer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and –Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna
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Grajevskaja V, Balciuniene J, Balciunas D. Chicken β-globin insulators fail to shield the nkx2.5 promoter from integration site effects in zebrafish. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 288:717-25. [PMID: 24036575 PMCID: PMC4104600 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic lineage tracing and conditional mutagenesis are developmental genetics techniques reliant on precise tissue-specific expression of transgenes. In the mouse, high specificity is usually achieved by inserting the transgene into the locus of interest through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. In the zebrafish, DNA containing the transgenic construct is randomly integrated into the genome, usually through transposon-mediated transgenesis. Expression of such transgenes is affected by regulatory features surrounding the integration site from general accessibility of chromatin to tissue-specific enhancers. We tested if the 1.2 kb cHS4 insulators derived from the chicken β-globin locus can shield a transgene from chromosomal position effects in the zebrafish genome. As our test promoters, we used two different-length versions of the zebrafish nkx2.5. We found that flanking a transgenic construct by cHS4 insulation sequences leads to overall increase in the expression of nkx2.5:mRFP. However, we also observed a very high degree of variability of mRFP expression, indicating that cHS4 insulators fail to protect nkx2.5:mRFP from falling under the control of enhancers in the vicinity of integration site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Grajevskaja
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Darius Balciunas
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Yang C, Madonna R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Shen WF, McNamara K, Yang YJ, Geng YJ. Simvastatin-enhanced expression of promyogenic nuclear factors and cardiomyogenesis of murine embryonic stem cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 60:8-16. [PMID: 24200505 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A combination of statin and stem cell therapies has been shown to benefit in experimental models of myocardial infarction. This study tests whether treatment with simvastatin has a direct impact on the cardiomyogenic development of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in embryoid bodies. In a concentration-dependent manner, simvastatin treatment enhanced expression of several promyogenic nuclear transcription factors, including GATA4, Nkx2.5, DTEF-1 and myocardin A. The statin-treated cells also displayed higher levels of cardiac proteins, including myosin, α-actinin, Ryanodine receptor-2, and atrial natriuretic peptide, and they developed synchronized contraction. The statin's promyogenic effect was partially diminished by the addition of the two isoprenoids FPP and GGPP, which are intermediates of cholesterol synthesis. Thus, simvastatin treatment enhances ESC myogenesis during early development perhaps via a mechanism inhibiting the mevalonate-FPP/GGPP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChenMin Yang
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA; The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao-Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yangxin Li
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao-Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Shen
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Jiao-Tong University Medical School, Shanghai, China
| | - Katharine McNamara
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- FuWai Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA; Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wu M, Zuo Z, Li B, Huang L, Chen M, Wang C. Effects of low-level hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) exposure on cardiac development in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicology 2013; 22:1200-1207. [PMID: 23903933 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HBCD at the low concentrations of 0, 2, 20 and 200 nM. The results showed HBCD exposure resulted in an increase in heart rate and cardiac arrhythmia after exposure for 72 h, though the survival rate and the whole malformation rate were not significantly affected. These results demonstrated that the heart might be a target of HBCD. Low-level HBCD exposure may not share the same mechanisms as exposure to high concentrations, since no obvious increase of apoptotic cells around the heart was observed in the HBCD-treated groups. It was observed that the expression of Tbx5 and Nkx2.5 was significantly elevated by HBCD treatment in a dose-dependent manner using real-time quantitative PCR, which may be mainly responsible for the alteration of heart rate, given that Tbx5 and Nkx2.5 are two factors regulating ventricle conduction. The mRNA expression of RyR2 and Atp2a2b (SERCA2a) was up-regulated in the exposure group, which may be one of reasons to affect the normal heart rate, since SERCA2a and RyR2 play an important role in calcium ion transport of cadiomyocytes. However, HBCD exposure did not significantly change the expression of Actc1l, Tnnt2, and Myh6, which are mainly muscle contractile genes that play key roles in the formation of cardiac structure. These results were consistent with the lack of effect seen on the other measurements of cardiac function, end diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and cardiac output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a frequent disease occurring with an incidence of about 1/2500 newborns/year. In 80-85% of the cases CH is caused by alterations in thyroid morphogenesis, generally indicated by the term "thyroid dysgenesis" (TD). TD is generally a sporadic disease, but in about 5% of the cases a genetic origin has been demonstrated. In these cases, mutations in genes playing a role during thyroid morphogenesis (NKX2-1, PAX8, FOXE1, NKX2-5, TSHR) have been reported. AIM This work reviews the main steps of thyroid morphogenesis and all the genetic alterations associated with TD and published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Nettore
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5 - 80131 Naples, Italy
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Wang Z, Zou L, Zhong R, Zhu B, Chen W, Shen N, Ke J, Lou J, Song R, Miao XP. Associations between two genetic variants in NKX2-5 and risk of congenital heart disease in Chinese population: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70979. [PMID: 23936479 PMCID: PMC3732287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NKX2-5 is a transcriptional factor, which plays an important role in heart formation and development. Two genetic variants in the coding region of NKX2-5, 63A>G (rs2277923) and 606G>C (rs3729753), have been investigated in the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD), although with inconsistent results. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the associations between the two variants and CHD risk in the Chinese population. Methods and Results Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, ISI Web of Science and CNKI databases and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Then, the data from eligible studies were combined in an allelic model. A total of 7 and 4 studies were ultimately included for 63A>G and 606G>C, respectively. The results of overall meta-analyses showed that significant association was detected for 63A>G (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02–1.56, Pheterogeneity = 0.009, I2 = 65.1%), but not for 606G>C (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.75–1.96, Pheterogeneity = 0.412, I2 = 0.0%). Regarding 63A>G variant, positive results were also obtained in the subgroups of atrial septal defect and large-sample-size study. Besides, the sensitivity analysis indicated that significant association was still detected after deletion of the individual studies with positive result and striking heterogeneity. Conclusion Our results revealed that the 63A>G variant in NKX2-5, but not the 606G>C, may contribute to CHD risk for Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juntao Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Lou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XPM); (RS)
| | - Xiao-Ping Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (XPM); (RS)
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Xie WH, Chang C, Xu YJ, Li RG, Qu XK, Fang WY, Liu X, Yang YQ. Prevalence and spectrum of Nkx2.5 mutations associated with idiopathic atrial fibrillation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:777-84. [PMID: 23778487 PMCID: PMC3674279 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(06)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and spectrum of Nkx2.5 mutations associated with idiopathic atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS A cohort of 136 unrelated patients with idiopathic atrial fibrillation and 200 unrelated, ethnically matched healthy controls were enrolled. The coding exons and splice junctions of the Nkx2.5 gene were sequenced in 136 atrial fibrillation patients, and the available relatives of mutation carriers and 200 controls were subsequently genotyped for the identified mutations. The functional characteristics of the mutated Nkx2.5 gene were analyzed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. RESULTS Two novel heterozygous Nkx2.5 mutations (p.N19D and p.F186S) were identified in 2 of the 136 unrelated atrial fibrillation cases, with a mutational prevalence of approximately 1.47%. These missense mutations co-segregated with atrial fibrillation in the families and were absent in the 400 control chromosomes. Notably, 2 mutation carriers also had congenital atrial septal defects and atrioventricular block. Multiple alignments of the Nkx2.5 protein sequences across various species revealed that the altered amino acids were completely conserved evolutionarily. Functional analysis demonstrated that the mutant Nkx2.5 proteins were associated with significantly reduced transcriptional activity compared to their wild-type counterpart. CONCLUSION These findings associate the Nkx2.5 loss-of-function mutation with atrial fibrillation and atrioventricular block and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. These results also have potential implications for early prophylaxis and allele-specific therapy of this common arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Xie
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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34
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Clark CD, Zhang B, Lee B, Evans SI, Lassar AB, Lee KH. Evolutionary conservation of Nkx2.5 autoregulation in the second heart field. Dev Biol 2013; 374:198-209. [PMID: 23165293 PMCID: PMC3549048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac homeobox gene Nkx2.5 plays a key and dosage-sensitive role in the differentiation of outflow tract and right ventricle from progenitors of the second heart field (SHF) and Nkx2.5 mutation is strongly associated with human outflow tract congenital heart disease (OFT CHD). Therefore defining the regulatory mechanisms controlling Nkx2.5 expression in SHF populations serves an important function in understanding the etiology of complex CHD. Through a comparative analysis of regulatory elements controlling SHF expression of Nkx2.5 in the chicken and mouse, we have found evidence that Nkx2.5 autoregulation is important for maintaining Nkx2.5 expression during SHF differentiation in both species. However the mechanism of Nkx2.5 maintenance differs between placental mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates: in chick Nkx2.5 binds directly to a genomic enhancer element that is required to maintain Nkx2.5 expression in the SHF. In addition, it is likely that this is true in other non-mammalian vertebrates given that they possess a similar genomic organization. By contrast, in placental mammals, Nkx2.5 autoregulation in the SHF functions indirectly through Mef2c. These data underscore a tight relationship in mammals between Nkx2.5 and Mef2c in SHF transcriptional regulation, and highlight the potential for evolutionary cis-regulatory analysis to identify core, conserved components of the gene networks controlling heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Clark
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Boding Zhang
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Benjamin Lee
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Samuel I. Evans
- Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew B. Lassar
- Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Regenerative Medicine, Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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Nakano H, Nakano H, Liu X, Arshi A, Nakashima Y, van Handel B, Sasidharan R, Harmon AW, Shin JH, Schwartz RJ, Conway SJ, Harvey RP, Pashmforoush M, Mikkola HKA, Nakano A. Haemogenic endocardium contributes to transient definitive haematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1564. [PMID: 23463007 PMCID: PMC3612528 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic cells arise from spatiotemporally restricted domains in the developing embryo. Although studies of non-mammalian animal and in vitro embryonic stem cell models suggest a close relationship among cardiac, endocardial and haematopoietic lineages, it remains unknown whether the mammalian heart tube serves as a haemogenic organ akin to the dorsal aorta. Here we examine the haemogenic activity of the developing endocardium. Mouse heart explants generate myeloid and erythroid colonies in the absence of circulation. Haemogenic activity arises from a subset of endocardial cells in the outflow cushion and atria earlier than in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, and is transient and definitive in nature. Interestingly, key cardiac transcription factors, Nkx2-5 and Isl1, are expressed in and required for the haemogenic population of the endocardium. Together, these data suggest that a subset of endocardial/endothelial cells serve as a de novo source for transient definitive haematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Armin Arshi
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ben van Handel
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rajkumar Sasidharan
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew W. Harmon
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Robert J. Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, 77204, USA
| | - Simon J. Conway
- Departments of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical & Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- Developmental Biology Division, the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohammad Pashmforoush
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 90089
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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van Engelen K, Mommersteeg MTM, Baars MJH, Lam J, Ilgun A, van Trotsenburg ASP, Smets AMJB, Christoffels VM, Mulder BJM, Postma AV. The ambiguous role of NKX2-5 mutations in thyroid dysgenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52685. [PMID: 23285148 PMCID: PMC3532205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NKX2-5 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor implied in both heart and thyroid development. Numerous mutations in NKX2-5 have been reported in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD), but recently a select few have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, among which the p.A119S variation. We sequenced NKX2-5 in 303 sporadic CHD patients and 38 families with at least two individuals with CHD. The p.A119S variation was identified in two unrelated patients: one was found in the proband of a family with four affected individuals with CHD and the other in a sporadic CHD patient. Clinical evaluation of heart and thyroid showed that the mutation did not segregate with CHD in the familial case, nor did any of the seven mutation carriers have thyroid abnormalities. We tested the functional consequences of the p.A119S variation in a cellular context by performing transactivation assays with promoters relevant for both heart and thyroid development in rat heart derived H10 cells and HELA cells. There was no difference between wildtype NKX2-5 and p.A119S NKX2-5 in activation of the investigated promoters in both cell lines. Additionally, we reviewed the current literature on the topic, showing that there is no clear evidence for a major pathogenic role of NKX2-5 mutations in thyroid dysgenesis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that p.A119S does not cause CHD or TD and that it is a rare variation that behaves equal to wildtype NKX2-5. Furthermore, given the wealth of published evidence, we suggest that NKX2-5 mutations do not play a major pathogenic role in thyroid dysgenesis, and that genetic testing of NKX2-5 in TD is not warranted.
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Ojala M, Rajala K, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Miettinen M, Huhtala H, Aalto-Setälä K. Culture conditions affect cardiac differentiation potential of human pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48659. [PMID: 23119085 PMCID: PMC3485380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are capable of differentiating into any cell type in the human body and thus can be used in studies of early human development, as cell models for different diseases and eventually also in regenerative medicine applications. Since the first derivation of hESCs in 1998, a variety of culture conditions have been described for the undifferentiated growth of hPSCs. In this study, we cultured both hESCs and hiPSCs in three different culture conditions: on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and SNL feeder cell layers together with conventional stem cell culture medium containing knockout serum replacement and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), as well as on a Matrigel matrix in mTeSR1 medium. hPSC lines were subjected to cardiac differentiation in mouse visceral endodermal-like (END-2) co-cultures and the cardiac differentiation efficiency was determined by counting both the beating areas and Troponin T positive cells, as well as studying the expression of OCT-3/4, mesodermal Brachyury T and NKX2.5 and endodermal SOX-17 at various time points during END-2 differentiation by q-RT-PCR analysis. The most efficient cardiac differentiation was observed with hPSCs cultured on MEF or SNL feeder cell layers in stem cell culture medium and the least efficient cardiac differentiation was observed on a Matrigel matrix in mTeSR1 medium. Further, hPSCs cultured on a Matrigel matrix in mTeSR1 medium were found to be more committed to neural lineage than hPSCs cultured on MEF or SNL feeder cell layers. In conclusion, culture conditions have a major impact on the propensity of the hPSCs to differentiate into a cardiac lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Ojala
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajala
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Pekkanen-Mattila
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marinka Miettinen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Aalto-Setälä
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Zhou L, Liu Y, Lu L, Lu X, Dixon RAF. Cardiac gene activation analysis in mammalian non-myoblasic cells by Nkx2-5, Tbx5, Gata4 and Myocd. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48028. [PMID: 23144723 PMCID: PMC3483304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors are master regulators during heart development. Some were shown to transdifferentiate tail tip and cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. However, recent studies have showed that controversies exist. Potential difference in tail tip and cardiac fibroblast isolation may possibly confound the observations. Moreover, due to the use of a cardiac reporter (Myh6) selection strategy for induced cardiomyocyte enrichment, and the lack of tracking signals for each transcription factors, individual roles of each transcription factors in activating cardiac gene expression in mammalian non-myoblastic cells have never been elucidated. Answers to these questions are an important step toward cardiomyocyte regeneration. Because mouse 10T1/2 fibroblasts are non-myoblastic in nature and can be induced to express genes of all three types of muscle cells, they are an ideal model for the analysis of cardiac and non-cardiac gene activation after induction. We constructed bi-cistronic lentiviral vectors, capable of expressing cardiac transcription factors along with different fluorescent tracking signals. By infecting 10T1/2 fibroblasts with Nkx2-5, Tbx5, Gata4 or Myocd cardiac transcription factor lentivirus alone or different combinations, we found that only Tbx5+Myocd and Tbx5+Gata4+Myocd combinations induced Myh6 and Tnnt2 cardiac marker protein expression. Microarray-based gene ontology analysis revealed that Tbx5 alone activated genes involved in the Wnt receptor signaling pathway and inhibited genes involved in a number of cardiac-related processes. Myocd alone activated genes involved in a number of cardiac-related processes and inhibited genes involved in the Wnt receptor signaling pathway and non-cardiac processes. Gata4 alone inhibited genes involved in non-cardiac processes. Tbx5+Gata4+Myocd was the most effective activator of genes associated with cardiac-related processes. Unlike Tbx5, Gata4, Myocd alone or Tbx5+Myocd, Tbx5+Gata4+Myocd activated the fewest genes associated with non-cardiac processes. Conclusively, Tbx5, Gata4 and Myocd play different roles in cardiac gene activation in mammalian non-myoblastic cells. Tbx5+Gata4+Myocd activates the most cardiac and the least non-cardiac gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LZ); (RD)
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Richard A. F. Dixon
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LZ); (RD)
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Nsair A, Schenke-Layland K, Van Handel B, Evseenko D, Kahn M, Zhao P, Mendelis J, Heydarkhan S, Awaji O, Vottler M, Geist S, Chyu J, Gago-Lopez N, Crooks GM, Plath K, Goldhaber J, Mikkola HKA, MacLellan WR. Characterization and therapeutic potential of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45603. [PMID: 23056209 PMCID: PMC3467279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) have been identified within the developing mouse heart and differentiating pluripotent stem cells by intracellular transcription factors Nkx2.5 and Islet 1 (Isl1). Study of endogenous and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CPCs has been limited due to the lack of specific cell surface markers to isolate them and conditions for their in vitro expansion that maintain their multipotency. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sought to identify specific cell surface markers that label endogenous embryonic CPCs and validated these markers in iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs. We developed conditions that allow propagation and characterization of endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs and protocols for their clonal expansion in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Transcriptome analysis of CPCs from differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells identified a panel of surface markers. Comparison of these markers as well as previously described surface markers revealed the combination of Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) best identified and facilitated enrichment for Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPCs from embryonic hearts and differentiating iPSCs. Endogenous mouse and iPSC-derived Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs differentiated into all three cardiovascular lineages in vitro. Flt1(+)/Flt4(+) CPCs transplanted into left ventricles demonstrated robust engraftment and differentiation into mature cardiomyocytes (CMs). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The cell surface marker combination of Flt1 and Flt4 specifically identify and enrich for an endogenous and iPSC-derived Isl1(+)/Nkx2.5(+) CPC with trilineage cardiovascular potential in vitro and robust ability for engraftment and differentiation into morphologically and electrophysiologically mature adult CMs in vivo post transplantation into adult hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nsair
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Li T, Jiang K, Ruan Q, Liu Z. [Recombinant adenovirus overexpressing nkx2.5 protects H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2012; 28:1253-1264. [PMID: 23311140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To study the function and potential application of nkx2.5, a critical gene for heart development, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus overexpressing nkx2.5 gene (Ad-Nkx2.5) with the AdEasy system. To evaluate the effect and mechanism of Ad-Nkx2.5 against oxidative injury, the H9c2 myocardial cells were infected with the recombinant adenoviruses Ad-Nkx2.5 or Ad-EGFP, and subsequently exposed to H2O2 to induce apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic potential of Ad-Nkx2.5 was validated by MTT assay for cell viability, Hoechst33342 staining for cellular morphology, and immunoblotting for caspase-3 activity. Ad-Nkx2.5 infection led to an increased survival rate of H9c2 cells and decreased the amount of caspase-3 in an active form. Additionally, overexpression of Nkx2.5 inhibited the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Mechanismic studies showed that Nkx2.5 upregulated bcl-2 gene expression and significantly repressed H2O2-induced expression of bax detected by Real-time PCR. Additionally, H2O2 treatment did not affect the nuclear localization of Nkx2.5. These findings indicate that adenovirus-mediated nkx2.5 gene transfer exerted a protective effect on H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway, and the Nkx2.5-mediated expression modulation of apoptosis-associated genes could be involved in this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Chemistry and Life Science College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, China.
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41
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Xiong F, Li Q, Zhang C, Chen Y, Li P, Wei X, Li Q, Zhou W, Li L, Shang X, Xu X. Analyses of GATA4, NKX2.5, and TFAP2B genes in subjects from southern China with sporadic congenital heart disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 22:141-5. [PMID: 22959235 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect in newborns in southern China. The germline mutations in GATA4, NKX2.5, and TFAP2B genes have been identified to be responsible for congenital heart disease. The frequency of GATA4, NKX2.5, and TFAP2B mutations in subjects with congenital heart disease in southern China and the correlation between their genotype and congenital heart disease phenotype are not known. METHODS We screened germline mutations in the coding exons and the flanking intron sequences of the GATA4, NKX2.5, and TFAP2B genes in 224 congenital heart disease patients located in southern China by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Fifteen heterozygous mutations in the GATA4 gene were identified in 30 congenital heart disease patients, including a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.788 C>G) of GATA4 in one patient with ventricular septal defect. A novel TFAP2B mutation (c.31 A>G) in a patient with endocardial cushion defect and an unreported novel TFAP2B variant (c.1006 G>A) in six patients suffering from tetralogy of Fallot (one patient), persistent truncus arteriosus (two patients) and patent ductus arteriosus (three patients) was found. There were no reported NKX2.5 mutations except for several single nucleotide polymorphisms in the patients. CONCLUSION These results suggest that genomic GATA4 and TFAP2B missense mutations may be associated with nonfamilial congenital heart disease with diverse clinical phenotypes in patients with congenital heart disease from southern China. They also revealed that the variation of the NKX2.5 gene may not be a risk factor for sporadic patients with congenital heart disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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42
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Yin J, Yang SW, Qin YM. [Progress in studies on somatic mutations in congenital heart disease]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2012; 50:634-5. [PMID: 23158746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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43
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Kim HS, Woo JS, Joo HJ, Moon WK. Cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 is downregulated under excessive O-GlcNAcylation condition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38053. [PMID: 22719862 PMCID: PMC3376112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is linked the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We investigated whether Nkx2.5 protein, a cardiac transcription factor, is regulated by O-GlcNAc. Recombinant Nkx2.5 (myc-Nkx2.5) proteins were reduced by treatment with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitors STZ and O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyroanosylidene)-amino-N-phenylcarbamate; PUGNAC) as well as the overexpression of recombinant O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT-flag). Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that myc-Nkx2.5 and OGT-flag proteins interacted and myc-Nkx2.5 proteins were modified by O-GlcNAc. In addition, Nkx2.5 proteins were reduced in the heart tissue of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and O-GlcNAc modification of Nkx2.5 protein increased in diabetic heart tissue compared with non-diabetic heart. Thus, excessive O-GlcNAcylation causes downregulation of Nkx2.5, which may be an underlying contributing factor for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoe Suk Kim
- The Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Woo
- The Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- The Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Koss M, Bolze A, Brendolan A, Saggese M, Capellini TD, Bojilova E, Boisson B, Prall OW, Elliott D, Solloway M, Lenti E, Hidaka C, Chang CP, Mahlaoui N, Harvey RP, Casanova JL, Selleri L. Congenital asplenia in mice and humans with mutations in a Pbx/Nkx2-5/p15 module. Dev Cell 2012; 22:913-26. [PMID: 22560297 PMCID: PMC3356505 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular determinants of spleen organogenesis and the etiology of isolated congenital asplenia (ICA), a life-threatening human condition, are unknown. We previously reported that Pbx1 deficiency causes organ growth defects including asplenia. Here, we show that mice with splenic mesenchyme-specific Pbx1 inactivation exhibit hyposplenia. Moreover, the loss of Pbx causes downregulation of Nkx2-5 and derepression of p15Ink4b in spleen mesenchymal progenitors, perturbing the cell cycle. Removal of p15Ink4b in Pbx1 spleen-specific mutants partially rescues spleen growth. By whole-exome sequencing of a multiplex kindred with ICA, we identify a heterozygous missense mutation (P236H) in NKX2-5 showing reduced transactivation in vitro. This study establishes that a Pbx/Nkx2-5/p15 regulatory module is essential for spleen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koss
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandre Bolze
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Brendolan
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Organ Development, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy, EU
| | - Matilde Saggese
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Terence D. Capellini
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ekaterina Bojilova
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Owen W.J. Prall
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - David Elliott
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Mark Solloway
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Elisa Lenti
- Laboratory of Lymphoid Organ Development, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele Del Monte Tabor, Milan, Italy, EU
| | - Chisa Hidaka
- Laboratory for Soft Tissue Research, Hospital of Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France, EU
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France, EU
- University Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, France, EU
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Medical School, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U980, Paris 75015, France, EU
| | - Licia Selleri
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Genead R, Fischer H, Hussain A, Jaksch M, Andersson AB, Ljung K, Bulatovic I, Franco-Cereceda A, Elsheikh E, Corbascio M, Smith CIE, Sylvén C, Grinnemo KH. Ischemia-reperfusion injury and pregnancy initiate time-dependent and robust signs of up-regulation of cardiac progenitor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36804. [PMID: 22590612 PMCID: PMC3348899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore how cardiac regeneration and cell turnover adapts to disease, different forms of stress were studied for their effects on the cardiac progenitor cell markers c-Kit and Isl1, the early cardiomyocyte marker Nkx2.5, and mast cells. Adult female rats were examined during pregnancy, after myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury with/out insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Different cardiac sub-domains were analyzed at one and two weeks post-intervention, both at the mRNA and protein levels. While pregnancy and myocardial infarction up-regulated Nkx2.5 and c-Kit (adjusted for mast cell activation), ischemia-reperfusion injury induced the strongest up-regulation which occurred globally throughout the entire heart and not just around the site of injury. This response seems to be partly mediated by increased endogenous production of IGF-1 and HGF. Contrary to c-Kit, Isl1 was not up-regulated by pregnancy or myocardial infarction while ischemia-reperfusion injury induced not a global but a focal up-regulation in the outflow tract and also in the peri-ischemic region, correlating with the up-regulation of endogenous IGF-1. The addition of IGF-1 and HGF did boost the endogenous expression of IGF and HGF correlating to focal up-regulation of Isl1. c-Kit expression was not further influenced by the exogenous growth factors. This indicates that there is a spatial mismatch between on one hand c-Kit and Nkx2.5 expression and on the other hand Isl1 expression. In conclusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury was the strongest stimulus with both global and focal cardiomyocyte progenitor cell marker up-regulations, correlating to the endogenous up-regulation of the growth factors IGF-1 and HGF. Also pregnancy induced a general up-regulation of c-Kit and early Nkx2.5+ cardiomyocytes throughout the heart. Utilization of these pathways could provide new strategies for the treatment of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Genead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
During mammalian development, cardiac specification and ultimately lineage commitment to a specific cardiac cell type is accomplished by the action of specific transcription factors (TFs) and their meticulous control on an epigenetic level. In this review, we detail how cardiac-specific TFs function in concert with nucleosome remodeling and histone-modifying enzymes to regulate a diverse network of genes required for processes such as cell growth and proliferation, or epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), for instance. We provide examples of how several cardiac TFs, such as Nkx2.5, WHSC1, Tbx5, and Tbx1, which are associated with developmental and congenital heart defects, are required for the recruitment of histone modifiers, such as Jarid2, p300, and Ash2l, and components of ATP-dependent remodeling enzymes like Brg1, Baf60c, and Baf180. Binding of these TFs to their respective sites at cardiac genes coincides with a distinct pattern of histone marks, indicating that the precise regulation of cardiac gene networks is orchestrated by interactions between TFs and epigenetic modifiers. Furthermore, we speculate that an epigenetic signature, comprised of TF occupancy, histone modifications, and overall chromatin organization, is an underlying mechanism that governs cardiac morphogenesis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vallaster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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47
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Sun S, Gui Y, Jiang Q, Song H. Dihydrofolate reductase is required for the development of heart and outflow tract in zebrafish. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:957-69. [PMID: 22113051 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid is very important for embryonic development and folic acid inhibition can cause congenital heart defects in vertebrates. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a key enzyme in folate-mediated metabolism. The dysfunction of DHFR disrupts the key biological processes which folic acid participates in. DHFR gene is conserved during vertebrate evolution. It is important to investigate the roles of DHFR in cardiac developments. In this study, we showed that DHFR knockdown resulted in the abnormal developments of zebrafish embryos in the early stages. Obvious malformations in heart and outflow tract (OFT) were also observed in DHFR knockdown embryos. DHFR overexpression rescued the abnormal phenotypes in the DHFR knockdown group. DHFR knockdown had negative impacts on the expressions of NKX2.5 (NK2 transcription factor-related 5), MEF2C (myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C), TBX20 (T-box 20), and TBX1 (T-box 1) which are important transcriptional factors during cardiac development process, while DHFR overexpression had positive effects. DHFR was required for Hedgehog pathway. DHFR knockdown caused reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, while its overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Taken together, our study suggested that DHFR plays crucial roles in the development of heart and OFT in zebrafish by regulating gene transcriptions and affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Sun
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Nimura K. [Epigenetic regulation of transcription in heart development]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:1043-1047. [PMID: 22256602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nimura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Belgrano A, Rakicevic L, Mittempergher L, Campanaro S, Martinelli VC, Mouly V, Valle G, Kojic S, Faulkner G. Multi-tasking role of the mechanosensing protein Ankrd2 in the signaling network of striated muscle. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25519. [PMID: 22016770 PMCID: PMC3189947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankrd2 (also known as Arpp) together with Ankrd1/CARP and DARP are members of the MARP mechanosensing proteins that form a complex with titin (N2A)/calpain 3 protease/myopalladin. In muscle, Ankrd2 is located in the I-band of the sarcomere and moves to the nucleus of adjacent myofibers on muscle injury. In myoblasts it is predominantly in the nucleus and on differentiation shifts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In agreement with its role as a sensor it interacts both with sarcomeric proteins and transcription factors. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Expression profiling of endogenous Ankrd2 silenced in human myotubes was undertaken to elucidate its role as an intermediary in cell signaling pathways. Silencing Ankrd2 expression altered the expression of genes involved in both intercellular communication (cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, endocytosis, focal adhesion, tight junction, gap junction and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton) and intracellular communication (calcium, insulin, MAPK, p53, TGF-β and Wnt signaling). The significance of Ankrd2 in cell signaling was strengthened by the fact that we were able to show for the first time that Nkx2.5 and p53 are upstream effectors of the Ankrd2 gene and that Ankrd1/CARP, another MARP member, can modulate the transcriptional ability of MyoD on the Ankrd2 promoter. Another novel finding was the interaction between Ankrd2 and proteins with PDZ and SH3 domains, further supporting its role in signaling. It is noteworthy that we demonstrated that transcription factors PAX6, LHX2, NFIL3 and MECP2, were able to bind both the Ankrd2 protein and its promoter indicating the presence of a regulatory feedback loop mechanism. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion we demonstrate that Ankrd2 is a potent regulator in muscle cells affecting a multitude of pathways and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belgrano
- Muscle Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ljiljana Rakicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Centro Ricerche Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Centro Ricerche Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina C. Martinelli
- Muscle Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Institut de Myologie, UM76, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Centro Ricerche Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Georgine Faulkner
- Muscle Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Interdipartimentale Biotecnologie Innovative, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Costa MW, Lee S, Furtado MB, Xin L, Sparrow DB, Martinez CG, Dunwoodie SL, Kurtenbach E, Mohun T, Rosenthal N, Harvey RP. Complex SUMO-1 regulation of cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24812. [PMID: 21931855 PMCID: PMC3171482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible post-translational protein modifications such as SUMOylation add complexity to cardiac transcriptional regulation. The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5/Csx is essential for heart specification and morphogenesis. It has been previously suggested that SUMOylation of lysine 51 (K51) of Nkx2-5 is essential for its DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Here, we confirm that SUMOylation strongly enhances Nkx2-5 transcriptional activity and that residue K51 of Nkx2-5 is a SUMOylation target. However, in a range of cultured cell lines we find that a point mutation of K51 to arginine (K51R) does not affect Nkx2-5 activity or DNA binding, suggesting the existence of additional Nkx2-5 SUMOylated residues. Using biochemical assays, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 is SUMOylated on at least one additional site, and this is the predominant site in cardiac cells. The second site is either non-canonical or a "shifting" site, as mutation of predicted consensus sites and indeed every individual lysine in the context of the K51R mutation failed to impair Nkx2-5 transcriptional synergism with SUMO, or its nuclear localization and DNA binding. We also observe SUMOylation of Nkx2-5 cofactors, which may be critical to Nkx2-5 regulation. Our data reveal highly complex regulatory mechanisms driven by SUMOylation to modulate Nkx2-5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro W Costa
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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