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Shao H, Li X, Wu P, Chen Z, Zhang C, Gu H. A Cellular Senescence-Related Signature Predicts Cervical Cancer Patient Outcome and Immunotherapy Sensitivity. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3661-3676. [PMID: 37580647 PMCID: PMC10691978 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies. The rate of mortality and morbidity among patients with CC is high. Cellular senescence is involved in tumorigenesis as well as in the cancer progression. However, the involvement of cellular senescence in CC development is still unclear and requires further investigation. In this study, we retrieved data on cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) from the "CellAge" Database. We used the TCGA-CESC and CGCI-HTMCP-CC datasets as the training and validation sets, respectively. Finally, a signature was constructed using "univariate" and "Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator" (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, which contains eight CSRGs. Using this signature, we calculated the risk scores of all patients in the training and validation cohorts and categorized them into the low-risk group (LR-G) and the high-risk group (HR-G). Results showed that, compared to patients in the HR-G, those in the LR-G demonstrated a more positive clinical prognosis, more abundant immune cell infiltrations, and a more active immune response. The signature could also modulate the expression of SASP factors. In vitro studies showed an increased expression of SERPINE1 and IL-1α genes included in the signature in CC cells and tissues. Our findings help to deepen our insights into the etiology of CC, which could be beneficial for prognostic prediction and immunotherapy in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an Maternal and Child Health Care Center, Huaian, 223000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Shao H, Li X, Wu P, Chen Z, Zhang C, Gu H. A Cellular Senescence-Related Signature Predicts Cervical Cancer Patient Outcome and Immunotherapy Sensitivity. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2769887. [PMID: 37131778 PMCID: PMC10153369 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2769887/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is among the most prevalent gynaecological malignancy. The rate of mortality and morbidity of patients with CC is high. Cellular senescence is involved in tumorigenesis as well as cancer progression. However, the involvement of cellular senescence in CC development is still unclear and requires further investigation. We retrieved data on cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) from the "CellAge" Database. We used TCGA-CESC and the CGCI-HTMCP-CC datasets as the training and validation sets, respectively. Eight CSRGs signatures based on the data extracted from these sets were constructed using "univariate" and "Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Cox regression analyses". Using this model, we calculated the risk scores of all patients in the training and validation cohort and categorised these patients into the low-risk group (LR-G) and the high-risk group (HR-G). Finally, compared to patients in the HR-G, CC patients in the LR-G demonstrated a more positive clinical prognosis; the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers and immune cell infiltration was higher, and these patients had more active immune responses. In vitro studies showed increased SERPINE1 and IL-1α ((genes included in the signature) expression in CC cells and tissues. The eight-gene prognostic signatures could modulate the expression of SASP factors and the tumour immune micro-environment (TIME). It could be used as a reliable biomarker for predicting the patient's prognosis and response to immunotherapy in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
| | - Xia Li
- Huaian First People's Hospital
| | - Pengfei Wu
- fu dan da xue fu shu yi yuan fu chan ke yi yuan: Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Zixi Chen
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Shanghai PuTuo District Center Hospital
| | - Caihong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
| | - Hang Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University: Changhai Hospital
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Cell-Free Therapies: The Use of Cell Extracts to Mitigate Irradiation-Injured Salivary Glands. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020305. [PMID: 36829582 PMCID: PMC9953449 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer patients worldwide. However, millions of patients who received radiotherapy consequently suffer from xerostomia because of irreversible damage to salivary glands (SGs) caused by irradiation (IR). Current treatments for IR-induced SG hypofunction only provide temporary symptom alleviation but do not repair the damaged SG, thus resulting in limited treatment efficacy. Therefore, there has recently been a growing interest in regenerative treatments, such as cell-free therapies. This review aims to summarize cell-free therapies for IR-induced SG, with a particular emphasis on utilizing diverse cell extract (CE) administrations. Cell extract is a group of heterogeneous mixtures containing multifunctional inter-cellular molecules. This review discusses the current knowledge of CE's components and efficacy. We propose optimal approaches to improve cell extract treatment from multiple perspectives (e.g., delivery routes, preparation methods, and other details regarding CE administration). In addition, the advantages and limitations of CE treatment are systematically discussed by comparing it to other cell-free (such as conditioned media and exosomes) and cell-based therapies. Although a comprehensive identification of the bioactive factors within CEs and their mechanisms of action have yet to be fully understood, we propose cell extract therapy as an effective, practical, user-friendly, and safe option to conventional therapies in IR-induced SG.
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Independent validation of stromal uPA in ABCSG-08: Level 1b evidence for the prognostic value of uPA immunohistochemistry. Breast 2022; 64:127-133. [PMID: 35689881 PMCID: PMC9190055 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patients and methods Results Conclusion Prospective trial provides level 1b evidence. UPA expression associated with better DDFS and OS.
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Deng ZL, Zhou DZ, Cao SJ, Li Q, Zhang JF, Xie H. Development and Validation of an Inflammatory Response-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Inflammation 2022; 45:1732-1751. [PMID: 35322324 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly dangerous malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and difficult to diagnose, treat, and predict the prognosis. As we all know, tumor and inflammation can affect each other, and thus the inflammatory response in the microenvironment can be used to affect the prognosis. So far, the prognostic value of inflammatory response-related genes in PAAD is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the inflammatory response-related genes for predicting the prognosis of PAAD. In this study, the mRNA expression profiles of PAAD patients and the corresponding clinical characteristics data of PAAD patients were downloaded from the public database. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox analysis model was used to identify and construct the prognostic gene signature in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The PAAD patients used for verification are from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the high- and low-risk groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were performed to identify the independent predictors of OS. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to obtain gene ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and the correlation between gene expression and immune infiltrates was investigated via single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). The GEPIA database was performed to examine prognostic genes in PAAD. LASSO Cox regression analysis was used to construct a model of inflammatory response-related gene signature. Compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower OS. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis confirmed the signature's predictive capacity. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that risk score is an independent predictor of OS. Functional analysis shows that the immune status between the two risk groups is significantly different, and the cancer-related pathways were abundant in the high-risk group. Moreover, the risk score is significantly related to tumor grade, stage, and immune infiltration types. It was also obtained that the expression level of prognostic genes was significantly correlated with the sensitivity of cancer cells to anti-tumor drugs. In addition, there are significant differences in the expression of PAAD tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. The novel signature constructed from five inflammatory response-related genes can be used to predict prognosis and affect the immune status of PAAD. In addition, suppressing these genes may be a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Liang Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Juan Cao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Interventional Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, Beihu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, People's Republic of China.
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Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts: Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051231. [PMID: 35267539 PMCID: PMC8909913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in determining the biological behavior of several of the more aggressive malignancies. Among the various cell types evident in the tumor “field”, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous collection of activated fibroblasts secreting a wide repertoire of factors that regulate tumor development and progression, inflammation, drug resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Insensitivity to chemotherapeutics and metastatic spread are the major contributors to cancer patient mortality. This review discusses the complex interactions between CAFs and the various populations of normal and neoplastic cells that interact within the dynamic confines of the tumor microenvironment with a focus on the involved pathways and genes. Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogenous population of stromal cells found in solid malignancies that coexist with the growing tumor mass and other immune/nonimmune cellular elements. In certain neoplasms (e.g., desmoplastic tumors), CAFs are the prominent mesenchymal cell type in the tumor microenvironment, where their presence and abundance signal a poor prognosis in multiple cancers. CAFs play a major role in the progression of various malignancies by remodeling the supporting stromal matrix into a dense, fibrotic structure while secreting factors that lead to the acquisition of cancer stem-like characteristics and promoting tumor cell survival, reduced sensitivity to chemotherapeutics, aggressive growth and metastasis. Tumors with high stromal fibrotic signatures are more likely to be associated with drug resistance and eventual relapse. Clarifying the molecular basis for such multidirectional crosstalk among the various normal and neoplastic cell types present in the tumor microenvironment may yield novel targets and new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. This review highlights the most recent concepts regarding the complexity of CAF biology including CAF heterogeneity, functionality in drug resistance, contribution to a progressively fibrotic tumor stroma, the involved signaling pathways and the participating genes.
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Maniez P, Osada M, Reix N, Mathelin C. [uPA/PAI-1 and EPClin®: Comparison of their impact on the management of intermediate-prognosis breast cancers]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 50:298-306. [PMID: 34626849 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The uPA/PAI-1 assay and the EPClin® test are useful tools that add to clinico-anatomical characteristics to determine the indication of adjuvant chemotherapy in case of intermediate-prognosis invasive breast cancer. The principal purpose of our study was to analyze the concordance of uPA/PAI-1 and EPClin® in classification of patients into two groups: low and high risk of relapse. METHODS We prospectively included 63 patients treated for intermediate-prognosis invasive breast cancer. All of these patients received a uPA/PAI-1 assay and an EPClin® test. RESULTS The uPA/PAI-1 assay and EPClin® test were consistent for 56.2% and inconsistent for 43.8%. In the event of a discrepancy, the treatment decision was based in 95.2% of patients on the EPClin® test result. In total, 38 patients were selected for adjuvant chemotherapy after achievement of the two tests. The mean time to report results after surgery was 9 days for the uPA/PAI-1 assay and 35 days for the EPClin® test. No cases of recurrence or death were found, with an average follow-up of 32 months. CONCLUSION The EPClin® test resulted in more chemotherapy prescriptions than indicated by uPA/PAI-1. However, we can't conclude to the superiority of one of these two tests, survival data and the effectiveness of our study being insufficient. In general, studies comparing different signatures useful to the therapeutic decision of intermediate prognosis breast cancers should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maniez
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; Service de chirurgie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France.
| | - M Osada
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; Service de chirurgie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - N Reix
- ICube UMR 7357, université de Strasbourg/CNRS, Fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - C Mathelin
- Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; Service de chirurgie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR7104 Inserm U964, Institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), 1, rue Laurent-Fries, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Chen G, Sun J, Xie M, Yu S, Tang Q, Chen L. PLAU Promotes Cell Proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:651882. [PMID: 34093649 PMCID: PMC8173099 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.651882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator, urokinase (uPA) is a secreted serine protease whose Dysregulation is often accompanied by various cancers. However, the biological functions and potential mechanisms of PLAU in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain undetermined. Here, the expression, prognosis, function, and coexpression genetic networks of PLAU in HNSCC were investigated by a series of public bioinformatics tools. A Higher PLAU level predicted a poorer clinical outcome. Meanwhile, functional network analysis implied that PLAU and associated genes mainly regulated cell-substrate adhesion, tissue migration, and extracellular matrix binding. The top 4 significantly associated genes are C10orf55, ITGA5, SERPINE1, and TNFRSF12A. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PLAU might activate the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which could explain the poor prognosis in HNSCC. Besides, genes associated with PLAU were also enriched in EMT pathways. We further validated the bioinformatics analysis results by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Then, we found that much more PLAU was detected in HNSCC tissues, and the silencing of PLAU inhibit the proliferation, migration, and EMT process of CAL27 cell lines. Notably, the downregulation of PLAU decreased the expression of TNFRSF12A. Moreover, knockdown TNFRSF12A also inhibits cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiment results indicated that PLAU inhibition could suppress tumor growth. Collectively, PLAU is necessary for tumor progression and can be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Kim SM, Rampogu S, Vetrivel P, Kulkarni AM, Ha SE, Kim HH, Lee KW, Kim GS. Transcriptome analysis of sinensetin-treated liver cancer cells guided by biological network analysis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:355. [PMID: 33747212 PMCID: PMC7968004 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is recognized as one of the most frequently occurring malignant types of liver cancer globally, making the identification of biomarkers critically important. The aim of the present study was to identify the genes involved in the anticancer effects of flavonoid compounds so that they may be used as targets for cancer treatment. Sinensetin (SIN), an isolated polymethoxyflavone monomer compound, possesses broad antitumor activities in vitro. Therefore, the identification of a transcriptome profile on the condition of cells treated with SIN may aid to better understand the genes involved and its mechanism of action. Genomic profiling studies of cancer are increasing rapidly in order to provide gene expression data that can reveal prognostic biomarkers to combat liver cancer. In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to reveal differential gene expression patterns between SIN-treated and SIN-untreated human liver cancer HepG2 cells. A total of 43 genes were identified to be differentially expressed (39 downregulated and 4 upregulated in the SIN-treated group compared with the SIN-untreated group). An extensive network analysis for these 43 genes resulted in the identification of 10 upregulated highly interconnected hub genes that contributed to the progression of cancer. Functional enrichment analysis of these 10 hub genes revealed their involvement in the regulation of apoptotic processes, immune response and tumor necrosis factor production. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of these 10 genes were evaluated using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and the results were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Overall, the results of the present study revealed differentially expressed genes involved in cancer after SIN treatment in HepG2 cells and may help to develop strategies targeting these genes for treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Min Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Preethi Vetrivel
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Apoorva M Kulkarni
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Ha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 52828, Republic of Korea
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Shen Q, Reedijk M. Notch Signaling and the Breast Cancer Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:183-200. [PMID: 33034033 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Notch promotes breast cancer progression through tumor initiating cell maintenance, tumor cell fate specification, proliferation, survival, and motility. In addition, Notch is recognized as a decisive mechanism in regulating various juxtacrine and paracrine communications in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this chapter, we review recent studies on stress-mediated Notch activation within the TME and sequelae such as angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, changes in the innate and adaptive immunophenotype, and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Reedijk
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Muñoz-Galván S, Rivero M, Peinado-Serrano J, Martinez-Pérez J, Fernández-Fernández MC, José Ortiz M, García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. PAI1 is a Marker of Bad Prognosis in Rectal Cancer but Predicts a Better Response to Treatment with PIM Inhibitor AZD1208. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051071. [PMID: 32344898 PMCID: PMC7291071 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The standard treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer is preoperative radiation alone or in combination with chemotherapy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Rectal cancer is highly lethal, with only 20% of patients showing a complete remission (by RECIST) after standard treatment, although they commonly show local or systemic relapse likely due to its late detection and high chemotherapy resistance, among other reasons. Here, we explored the role of PAI1 (Serpin E1) in rectal cancer through the analyses of public patient databases, our own cohort of locally advanced rectal cancer patients and a panel of CRC cell lines. We showed that PAI1 expression is upregulated in rectal tumors, which is associated with decreased overall survival and increased metastasis and invasion in advanced rectal tumors. Accordingly, PAI1 expression is correlated with the expression of (Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition) EMT-associated genes and genes encoding drug targets, including the tyrosine kinases PDGFRb, PDGFRa and FYN, the serine/threonine kinase PIM1 and BRAF. In addition, we demonstrate that cells expressing PAI1 protein are more sensitive to the PIM inhibitor AZD1208, suggesting that PAI1 could be used to predict response to treatment with PIM inhibitors and to complement radiotherapy in rectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muñoz-Galván
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Rivero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Peinado-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.C.F.-F.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Julia Martinez-Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - María José Ortiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HUVR, 41013 Seville, Spain; (M.C.F.-F.); (M.J.O.)
| | - José M. García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (S.M.-G.); (M.R.); (J.P.-S.); (J.M.-P.); (J.M.G.-H.)
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34955923110
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12
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Abstract
The paradoxical pro-tumorigenic function of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1, aka Serpin E1) in cancer progression and metastasis has been the subject of an abundant scientific literature that has pointed to a pro-angiogenic role, a growth and migration stimulatory function, and an anti-apoptotic activity, all directed toward promoting tumor growth, cancer cell survival, and metastasis. With uPA, PAI-1 is among the most reliable biomarkers and prognosticators in many cancer types. More recently, a novel pro-tumorigenic function of PAI-1 in cancer-related inflammation has been demonstrated. These multifaceted activities of PAI-1 in cancer progression are explained by the complex structure of PAI-1 and its multiple functions that go beyond its anti-fibrinolytic and anti-plasminogen activation activities. However, despite the multiple evidences supporting a pro-tumorigenic role of PAI-1 in cancer, and the development of several inhibitors, targeting PAI-1, has remained elusive. In this article, the various mechanisms responsible for the pro-tumorigenic functions of PAI-1 are reviewed with emphasis on its more recently described contribution to cancer inflammation. The challenges of targeting PAI-1 in cancer therapy are then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Helena Kubala
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Yves Albert DeClerck
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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13
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Hernández-Camarero P, López-Ruiz E, Griñán-Lisón C, García MÁ, Chocarro-Wrona C, Marchal JA, Kenyon J, Perán M. Pancreatic (pro)enzymes treatment suppresses BXPC-3 pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell subpopulation and impairs tumour engrafting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11359. [PMID: 31388092 PMCID: PMC6684636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation within the tumour is responsible for metastasis and cancer relapse. Here we investigate in vitro and in vivo the effects of a pancreatic (pro)enzyme mixture composed of Chymotrypsinogen and Trypsinogen (PRP) on CSCs derived from a human pancreatic cell line, BxPC3. Exposure of pancreatic CSCs spheres to PRP resulted in a significant decrease of ALDEFLUOR and specific pancreatic CSC markers (CD 326, CD 44 and CxCR4) signal tested by flow cytometry, further CSCs markers expression was also analyzed by western and immunofluorescence assays. PRP also inhibits primary and secondary sphere formation. Three RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays were used to study gene expression regulation after PRP treatment and resulted in, (i) epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inhibition; (ii) CSCs related genes suppression; (iii) enhanced expression of tumour suppressor genes; (iv) downregulation of migration and metastasis genes and (v) regulation of MAP Kinase Signalling Pathway. Finally, in vivo anti-tumor xenograft studies demonstrated high anti-tumour efficacy of PRP against tumours induced by BxPC3 human pancreatic CSCs. PRP impaired engrafting of pancreatic CSC’s tumours in nude mice and displayed an antigrowth effect toward initiated xenografts. We concluded that (pro)enzymes treatment is a valuable strategy to suppress the CSC population in solid pancreatic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernández-Camarero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - María Ángel García
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 3 and Immunology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Carlos Chocarro-Wrona
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Julian Kenyon
- The Dove Clinic for Integrated Medicine, Twyford, SO21 1RG, UK.
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain. .,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain.
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14
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Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:83-94. [PMID: 29852393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Despite as a major inhibitor of urokinase (uPA), paradoxically,] Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been validated to be highly expressed in various types of tumor biopsy tissues or plasma compared with controls based on huge clinical data bases analysis, more importantly, PAI-1 alone or in conjunction with uPA have been identified as prognostic for disease progression and relapse in certain cancer types. particularly in breast cancer. In addition to play important roles in cell adhesion, migration and invasion, PAI-1 has been reported to induce tumor vascularization and thus promote cell dissemination and tumor metastasis. Furthermore, there are many tumor promoting factors involved in the modulation of PAI-1 expression and activity, which will strengthen the pro-tumorigenic roles of PAI-1. Undoubtedly, PAI-1 may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention of specific cancer treatment. In fact, some PAI-1 inhibitors are currently being evaluated in cancer therapy, which may be developed to new antitumor agents in the future.
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15
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Jelisavac-Cosic S, Sirotkovic-Skerlev M, Kulic A, Jakic-Razumovic J, Kovac Z, Vrbanec D. Prognostic significance of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patients with primary invasive ductal breast carcinoma – a 7.5-year follow-up study. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:532-9. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) are key molecules in pericellular proteolysis, a process that plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In the current study we investigated the prognostic significance of uPA and PAI-1 in primary invasive breast cancer. Methods and study design uPA and PAI-1 antigen levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cytosols of 177 invasive ductal carcinoma specimens. The prognostic significance of uPA and PAI-1 was assessed for overall survival. The median follow-up time was 90 months. Results In univariate analysis, both uPA (third versus first tertile range of values; P = 0.02; HR = 2.08) and PAI-1 (third versus first tertile; P = 0.0007; HR = 3.1) were significant prognostic markers for overall survival. In multivariate analysis only nodal status (N2 vs N0; P = 0.0001; HR = 3.94) and PAI-1 (third versus first tertile; P = 0.004; HR = 3.05) remained significant independent prognostic factors. Both uPA and PAI-1 were correlated with established prognostic markers including histological grade, tumor size and Nottingham index. Conclusion Our study with a 7.5-year follow-up confirmed the relation between elevated uPA and PAI-1 values and an aggressive course of invasive breast cancer. The prognostic significance of PAI-1 as an independent marker was proved for the overall group of breast cancer patients and the subgroup of node-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Sirotkovic-Skerlev
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital, Zagreb
- Zagreb University Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Kulic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital, Zagreb
| | - Jasminka Jakic-Razumovic
- Department of Pathology, Zagreb University Hospital, Zagreb
- Zagreb University Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Kovac
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zagreb University Hospital, Zagreb
- Zagreb University Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Vrbanec
- Department of Oncology, Zagreb University Hospital, Zagreb
- Zagreb University Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Brungs D, Chen J, Aghmesheh M, Vine KL, Becker TM, Carolan MG, Ranson M. The urokinase plasminogen activation system in gastroesophageal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:23099-23109. [PMID: 28416743 PMCID: PMC5410288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The urokinase plasminogen activation (uPA) system is a crucial pathway for tumour invasion and establishment of metastasis. Although there is good evidence that uPA system expression is a clinically relevant biomarker in some solid tumours, its role in gastroesophageal cancer is uncertain. Results We identified 22 studies encompassing 1966 patients which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. uPA, uPAR, or PAI-1 expression is significantly associated with high risk clinicopathological features. High uPA expression is associated with a shorter RFS (HR 1.90 95% 1.16–3.11, p = 0.01) and OS (HR 2.21 95% CI 1.74–2.80, p < 0.0001). High uPAR expression is associated with poorer OS (HR 2.21 95%CI 1.82–2.69, p < 0.0001). High PAI-1 expression is associated with shorter RFS (HR 1.96 96% CI 1.07–3.58, p = 0.03) and OS (HR 1.84 95%CI 1.28–2.64, p < 0.0001). There was no significant association between PAI-2 expression and OS (HR 0.97 95%CI 0.48–1.94, p < 0.92) although data was limited. Materials and Methods We undertook a systematic review evaluating expression of uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1/SerpinE1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2/SerpinB2) on primary oesophageal, gastro-oesophageal junction, and gastric adenocarcinomas. We performed a meta-analysis of clinicopathological associations, overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS). Conclusions We conclude that the uPA system is a clinically relevant biomarker in primary gastroesophageal cancer, with higher expression of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 associated with higher risk disease and poorer prognosis. This also highlights the potential utility of the uPA system as a therapeutic target for improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brungs
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, Australia.,CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Chen
- St George Cancer Centre, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Morteza Aghmesheh
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, Australia.,CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kara L Vine
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Therese M Becker
- CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool Hospital, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Liverpool, Australia.,South Western Medical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Martin G Carolan
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Cancer Centre, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, Australia.,CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Klintman M, Buus R, Cheang MCU, Sheri A, Smith IE, Dowsett M. Changes in Expression of Genes Representing Key Biologic Processes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer, and Prognostic Implications in Residual Disease. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22:2405-16. [PMID: 27179111 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim was to derive evidence for or against the clinical importance of several biologic processes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by assessing expression of selected genes with prior implications in prognosis or treatment resistance. The secondary aim was to determine the prognostic impact in residual disease of the genes' expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression levels of 24 genes were quantified by NanoString nCounter on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded residual tumors from 126 patients treated with NAC and 56 paired presurgical biopsies. The paired t test was used for testing changes in gene expression, and Cox regression and penalized elastic-net Cox Regression for estimating HRs. RESULTS After NAC, 12 genes were significantly up- and 8 downregulated. Fourteen genes were significantly associated with time to recurrence in univariable analysis in residual disease. In a multivariable model, ACACB, CD3D, MKI67, and TOP2A added prognostic value independent of clinical ER(-), PgR(-), and HER2(-) status. In ER(+)/HER2(-) patients, ACACB, PAWR, and ERBB2 predicted outcome, whereas CD3D and PAWR were prognostic in ER(-)/HER2(-) patients. By use of elastic-net analysis, a 6-gene signature (ACACB, CD3D, DECORIN, ESR1, MKI67, PLAU) was identified adding prognostic value independent of ER, PgR, and HER2. CONCLUSIONS Most of the tested genes were significantly enriched or depleted in response to NAC. Expression levels of genes representing proliferation, stromal activation, metabolism, apoptosis, stemcellness, immunologic response, and Ras-ERK activation predicted outcome in residual disease. The multivariable gene models identified could, if validated, be used to identify patients needing additional post-neoadjuvant treatment to improve prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2405-16. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Klintman
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Richard Buus
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maggie Chon U Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amna Sheri
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E Smith
- Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Sitaram RT, Mallikarjuna P, Landström M, Ljungberg B. Transforming growth factor-β promotes aggressiveness and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:35917-35931. [PMID: 27166254 PMCID: PMC5094972 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms whereby transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression is elusive. The cell membrane bound TGF-β type I receptor (ALK5), was recently found to undergo proteolytic cleavage in aggressive prostate cancer cells, resulting in liberation and subsequent nuclear translocation of its intracellular domain (ICD), suggesting that ALK5-ICD might be a useful cancer biomarker. Herein, the possible correlation between ALK5 full length (ALK5-FL) and ALK5-ICD protein, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3), and expression of TGF-β target gene PAI-1, was investigated in a clinical ccRCC material, in relation to tumor grade, stage, size and cancer specific survival. Expression of ALK5-FL, ALK5-ICD, pSmad2/3 and PAI-1 protein levels were significantly higher in higher stage and associated with adverse survival. ALK5-ICD, pSmad2/3 and PAI-1 correlated with higher grade, and ALK5-FL, pSmad2/3 and PAI-1 protein levels were significantly correlated with larger tumor size. Moreover, the functional role of the TGF-β - ALK5-ICD pathway were investigated in two ccRCC cell lines by treatment with ADAM/MMP2 inhibitor TAPI-2, which prevented TGF-β-induced ALK5-ICD generation, nuclear translocation, as well as cell invasion. The present study demonstrated that canonical TGF-β Smad2/3 pathway and generation of ALK5-ICD correlates with poor survival and invasion of ccRCC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprakash T Sitaram
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Maréne Landström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Nobrega FL, Ferreira D, Martins IM, Suarez-Diez M, Azeredo J, Kluskens LD, Rodrigues LR. Screening and characterization of novel specific peptides targeting MDA-MB-231 claudin-low breast carcinoma by computer-aided phage display methodologies. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:881. [PMID: 27842517 PMCID: PMC5109716 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-low breast carcinoma represents 19% of all breast cancer cases and is characterized by an aggressive progression with metastatic nature and high rates of relapse. Due to a lack of known specific molecular biomarkers for this breast cancer subtype, there are no targeted therapies available, which results in the worst prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes. Hence, the identification of novel biomarkers for this type of breast cancer is highly relevant for an early diagnosis. Additionally, claudin-low breast carcinoma peptide ligands can be used to design powerful drug delivery systems that specifically target this type of breast cancer. METHODS In this work, we propose the identification of peptides for the specific recognition of MDA-MB-231, a cell line representative of claudin-low breast cancers, using phage display (both conventional panning and BRASIL). Binding assays, such as phage forming units and ELISA, were performed to select the most interesting peptides (i.e., specific to the target cells) and bioinformatics approaches were applied to putatively identify the biomarkers to which these peptides bind. RESULTS Two peptides were selected using this methodology specifically targeting MDA-MB-231 cells, as demonstrated by a 4 to 9 log higher affinity as compared to control cells. The use of bioinformatics approaches provided relevant insights into possible cell surface targets for each peptide identified. CONCLUSIONS The peptides herein identified may contribute to an earlier detection of claudin-low breast carcinomas and possibly to develop more individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin L Nobrega
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Débora Ferreira
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ivone M Martins
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joana Azeredo
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Leon D Kluskens
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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20
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Vangestel C, Thomae D, Van Soom J, Ides J, wyffels L, Pauwels P, Stroobants S, Van der Veken P, Magdolen V, Joossens J, Augustyns K, Staelens S. Preclinical evaluation of [111In]MICA-401, an activity-based probe for SPECT imaging ofin vivouPA activity. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:448-458. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - David Thomae
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Soom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Johan Ides
- Center for Oncological Research; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Leonie wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Pathology; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Antwerp University Hospital; Wilrijkstraat 10 B-2650 Edegem Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Klinische Forschergruppe der Frauenklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München; 81675 Munich Germany
| | - Jurgen Joossens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp; University of Antwerp; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
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21
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Breast cancer is a unique disease characterized by heterogeneous cell populations causing roadblocks in therapeutic medicine, owing to its complex etiology and primeval understanding of the biology behind its genesis, progression, and sustenance. Globocan statistics indicate over 1.7 million new breast cancer diagnoses in 2012, accounting for 25% of all cancer morbidities. RECENT ADVANCES Despite these dismal statistics, the introduction of molecular gene signature platforms, progressive therapeutic approaches in diagnosis, and management of breast cancer has led to more effective treatment strategies and control measures concurrent with an equally reassuring decline in the mortality rate. CRITICAL ISSUES However, an enormous body of research in this area is requisite as high mortality associated with metastatic and/or drug refractory tumors continues to present a therapeutic challenge. Despite advances in systemic chemotherapy, the median survival of patients harboring metastatic breast cancers continues to be below 2 years. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Hence, a massive effort to scrutinize and evaluate chemotherapeutics on the basis of the molecular classification of these cancers is undertaken with the objective to devise more attractive and feasible approaches to treat breast cancers and improve patients' quality of life. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the biology of breast cancer as well as challenges faced in combating breast cancer, with special emphasis on the current battery of treatment strategies. We will also try and gain perspective from recent encounters on novel findings responsible for the progression and metastatic transformation of breast cancer cells in an endeavor to develop more targeted treatment options. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 337-370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuan Han Jonathan Foo
- 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie-Veronique Clement
- 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,3 Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 1 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,4 National University Cancer Institute , NUHS, Singapore, Singapore .,5 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Australia
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22
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Abstract
Breast cancer is already the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide, and evidence is mounting that breast cancer induced by circadian disruption (CD) is a warranted concern. Numerous studies have investigated various aspects of the circadian clock in relation to breast cancer, and evidence from these studies indicates that melatonin and the core clock genes can play a crucial role in breast cancer development. Even though epigenetics has been increasingly recognized as a key player in the etiology of breast cancer and linked to circadian rhythms, and there is evidence of overlap between epigenetic deregulation and breast cancer induced by circadian disruption, only a handful of studies have directly investigated the role of epigenetics in CD-induced breast cancer. This review explores the circadian clock and breast cancer, and the growing role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and circadian rhythms. We also summarize the current knowledge and next steps for the investigation of the epigenetic link in CD-induced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z Kochan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Serafin A, Böhm L, Fernandez P, Achel D, Akudugu J. The potential of PAI-1 expression in needle biopsies as a predictive marker for prostate cancer. COGENT MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2016.1183275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serafin
- Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Lothar Böhm
- Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Pedro Fernandez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Urology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Daniel Achel
- Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
- Applied Radiation Biology Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Akudugu
- Division of Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
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Moirangthem A, Bondhopadhyay B, Mukherjee M, Bandyopadhyay A, Mukherjee N, Konar K, Bhattacharya S, Basu A. Simultaneous knockdown of uPA and MMP9 can reduce breast cancer progression by increasing cell-cell adhesion and modulating EMT genes. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26906973 DOI: 10.1038/srep21903%2010.1038/srep21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer progression, proteolytic enzymes like serine proteases and metalloproteinases degrade the basement membrane enabling the tumor cells to invade the adjacent tissues. Thus, invasion and metastasis are augmented by these enzymes. Simultaneous silencing of uPA and MMP9 in breast cancer cells decreased the wound healing, migratory, invasive and adhesive capacity of the cells. After simultaneous down regulation, cells were seen to be arrested in the cell cycle. There was a remarkable increase in the expression of cell to cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and decrease in Vimentin and Snail expression. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the expression of the stem cell marker Oct-4. In the breast tumor samples it has been observed that, tumors, expressing higher level of uPA and MMP9, express less amount of E-cadherin. It has also been observed that few tumors also show, Vimentin positive in the ductal epithelial area. Thus, our model can help for checking the aggressive tumor invasion by blocking of uPA and MMP9. Our present observations also give the concept of the presence of aggressive epithelial cells with mesenchymal nature in the tumor micro-environment, altering the expression of EMT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Moirangthem
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Mala Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Arghya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Narendranath Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Karabi Konar
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Shubham Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Anupam Basu
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Moirangthem A, Bondhopadhyay B, Mukherjee M, Bandyopadhyay A, Mukherjee N, Konar K, Bhattacharya S, Basu A. Simultaneous knockdown of uPA and MMP9 can reduce breast cancer progression by increasing cell-cell adhesion and modulating EMT genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21903. [PMID: 26906973 PMCID: PMC4764826 DOI: 10.1038/srep21903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer progression, proteolytic enzymes like serine proteases and metalloproteinases degrade the basement membrane enabling the tumor cells to invade the adjacent tissues. Thus, invasion and metastasis are augmented by these enzymes. Simultaneous silencing of uPA and MMP9 in breast cancer cells decreased the wound healing, migratory, invasive and adhesive capacity of the cells. After simultaneous down regulation, cells were seen to be arrested in the cell cycle. There was a remarkable increase in the expression of cell to cell adhesion molecule E–cadherin, and decrease in Vimentin and Snail expression. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the expression of the stem cell marker Oct-4. In the breast tumor samples it has been observed that, tumors, expressing higher level of uPA and MMP9, express less amount of E–cadherin. It has also been observed that few tumors also show, Vimentin positive in the ductal epithelial area. Thus, our model can help for checking the aggressive tumor invasion by blocking of uPA and MMP9. Our present observations also give the concept of the presence of aggressive epithelial cells with mesenchymal nature in the tumor micro-environment, altering the expression of EMT genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Moirangthem
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Mala Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Arghya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Narendranath Mukherjee
- Department of Surgery, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Karabi Konar
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Shubham Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, BurdwanWest Bengal 713104, India
| | - Anupam Basu
- Molecular Biology and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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Increased Umbilical Cord PAI-1 Levels in Placental Insufficiency Are Associated with Fetal Hypoxia and Angiogenesis. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7124186. [PMID: 26903689 PMCID: PMC4745644 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a subset of pregnancies undergoes placental vascular dysregulation resulting in restricted blood flow and fetal hypoxemia. Altered transcription of hypoxic regulated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) has been associated with pregnancy complications and angiogenic regulation. Here we assessed circulating PAI-1 as an indicator of placental insufficiency. Venous umbilical PAI-1 of hypoxemic (VpO2 20 versus 35 mmHg, p < 0.0001) placental insufficient pregnancies (resistance index 0.9 versus 0.63, p < 0.05) (n = 18) was compared to controls (n = 12). PAI-1 was increased (~10-fold, p < 0.001) and had a positive predictive ratio of 6.7. Further, PAI-1 levels correlated to blood oxygen (r = -0.68, p < 0.0001). The plasma's angiogenic potency measured in vitro was associated with umbilical cord blood PAI-1 levels (r = 0.65, p < 0.01). This association was attenuated by PAI-1 inhibiting antibody (p < 0.001). The results demonstrate PAI-1 as a potential marker of placental insufficiency and identify its close association with pathological hypoxia and angiogenesis in a subset of growth restricted pregnancies.
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Classification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation Status Using Serum Proteomic Profiling Predicts Tumor Response in Patients with Stage IIIB or IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128970. [PMID: 26047516 PMCID: PMC4457791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations in tumors predict tumor response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, obtaining tumor tissue for mutation analysis is challenging. Here, we aimed to detect serum peptides/proteins associated with EGFR gene mutation status, and test whether a classification algorithm based on serum proteomic profiling could be developed to analyze EGFR gene mutation status to aid therapeutic decision-making. Patients and Methods Serum collected from 223 stage IIIB or IV NSCLC patients with known EGFR gene mutation status in their tumors prior to therapy was analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and ClinProTools software. Differences in serum peptides/proteins between patients with EGFR gene TKI-sensitive mutations and wild-type EGFR genes were detected in a training group of 100 patients; based on this analysis, a serum proteomic classification algorithm was developed to classify EGFR gene mutation status and tested in an independent validation group of 123 patients. The correlation between EGFR gene mutation status, as identified with the serum proteomic classifier and response to EGFR-TKIs was analyzed. Results Nine peptide/protein peaks were significantly different between NSCLC patients with EGFR gene TKI-sensitive mutations and wild-type EGFR genes in the training group. A genetic algorithm model consisting of five peptides/proteins (m/z 4092.4, 4585.05, 1365.1, 4643.49 and 4438.43) was developed from the training group to separate patients with EGFR gene TKI-sensitive mutations and wild-type EGFR genes. The classifier exhibited a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 77.5% in the validation group. In the 81 patients from the validation group treated with EGFR-TKIs, 28 (59.6%) of 47 patients whose matched samples were labeled as “mutant” by the classifier and 3 (8.8%) of 34 patients whose matched samples were labeled as “wild” achieved an objective response (p<0.0001). Patients whose matched samples were labeled as “mutant” by the classifier had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) than patients whose matched samples were labeled as “wild” (p=0.001). Conclusion Peptides/proteins related to EGFR gene mutation status were found in the serum. Classification of EGFR gene mutation status using the serum proteomic classifier established in the present study in patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC is feasible and may predict tumor response to EGFR-TKIs.
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28
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Li CC, Yao HT, Cheng FJ, Hsieh YH, Lu CY, Wu CC, Liu KL, Chang JW. Docosahexaenoic Acid Downregulates EGF-Induced Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Expression by Inactivating EGFR/ErbB2 Signaling in SK-BR3 Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:771-82. [PMID: 25970488 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1037961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) play crucial roles in tumor metastasis. Despite the well-known anticancer role of docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA), its specific effect on ErbB2-mediated breast cancer metastasis is not fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of DHA on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced uPA and MMP-9 activity, expression and cell invasion in SK-BR3 breast cancer cells and the possible mechanisms involved. The results showed that EGF (40 ng/ml) induced uPA and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression, enzyme activity, and 100 μM DHA significantly inhibited EGF-induced uPA and MMP-9 mRNA, protein expression, enzyme activity, cell migration, and cell invasion. EGF increased protein expression and phosphorylation of EGF receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 as well as of JNK2, ERK1/2, and Akt, and these changes were attenuated by DHA pretreatment. AG1478, an inhibitor of EGFR, also attenuated EGF-induced activation of EGFR, JNK2, ERK1/2, and Akt. Knocked down ErbB2 expression resulted in a similar inhibition of uPA and MMP-9 expression as noted by DHA and AG1478. Taken together, these results suggest that suppression of EGF-induced metastasis by DHA is likely through an inhibition of EGFR and ErbB2 protein expression and the downstream target uPA and MMP-9 activation in SK-BR3 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chun Li
- a School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
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29
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Distinctive binding modes and inhibitory mechanisms of two peptidic inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator with isomeric P1 residues. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:88-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Edelmann S, Fahrner R, Malinka T, Song BH, Stroka D, Mermod N. Nuclear Factor I-C acts as a regulator of hepatocyte proliferation at the onset of liver regeneration. Liver Int 2015; 35:1185-94. [PMID: 25293436 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Knockout studies of the murine Nuclear Factor I-C (NFI-C) transcription factor revealed abnormal skin wound healing and growth of its appendages, suggesting a role in controlling cell proliferation in adult regenerative processes. Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) is a well-established regenerative model whereby changes elicited in hepatocytes lead to their rapid and phased proliferation. Although NFI-C is highly expressed in the liver, no hepatic function was yet established for this transcription factor. This study aimed to determine whether NFI-C may play a role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. METHODS Liver regeneration and cell proliferation pathways following two-thirds PH were investigated in NFI-C knockout (ko) and wild-type (wt) mice. RESULTS We show that the absence of NFI-C impaired hepatocyte proliferation because of plasminogen activator I (PAI-1) overexpression and the subsequent suppression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling, a potent hepatocyte mitogen. This indicated that NFI-C first acts to promote hepatocyte proliferation at the onset of liver regeneration in wt mice. The subsequent transient down regulation of NFI-C, as can be explained by a self-regulatory feedback loop with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), may limit the number of hepatocytes entering the first wave of cell division and/or prevent late initiations of mitosis. CONCLUSION NFI-C acts as a regulator of the phased hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Edelmann
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES An overview of molecular tests used in the treatment of breast cancer, organized by stage and clinical condition. DATA SOURCES Systematic review of scientific literature, guideline recommendations, and data published by test manufacturers. CONCLUSION Several molecular tests that analyze expression of cancer-related genes have been validated in clinical trials and are recommended by clinical practice guidelines to inform diagnosis and treatment decisions for personalized interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Molecular testing has become an important part of patient care for those with breast cancer. Oncology nurses must understand this methodology to prescribe tests, interpret the results, and provide guidance to patients.
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Elumalai P, Brindha Mercy A, Arunkamar R, Sharmila G, Bhat FA, Balakrishnan S, Raja Singh P, Arunakaran J. Nimbolide inhibits invasion and migration, and down-regulates uPAR chemokine gene expression, in two breast cancer cell lines. Cell Prolif 2015; 47:540-52. [PMID: 25377085 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women, worldwide. Urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease that is involved in cancer progression, especially invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. Nimbolide is a potent cytotoxic limnoid isolated from Azadirachta indica. Our previous studies have shown that nimbolide elicits pleiotropic effects on breast cancer cells; however, its roles in invasion and migration have not previously been fully elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Protein expression of pEGFR, VEGFR, NFκB, IKKα, IKKβ, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were analysed by western blotting. We also analysed expressions of uPA, uPAR genes and chemokines by real-time PCR. Breast cancer cell invasion was assessed by transwell invasion assay and cell migration analysed by scratch wound healing assay. RESULTS Our results showed that reduced protein expression of pEGFR, VEGFR, NFκB, IKKα, β, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 was higher in nimbolide-treated breast cancer cells. mRNA expression of uPA, uPAR, chemokines and their receptors were also significantly reduced in response to nimbolide treatment. Nimbolide inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion as shown in transwell invasion and wound healing assays. CONCLUSION These results clearly proved inhibitory effects of nimbolide on tumour cell invasion and migration by down-regulating proteins critically involved in regulation of cell invasion and metastasis, suggesting a possible therapeutic role of nimbolide for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Elumalai
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, 600113, India
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McMahon BJ, Kwaan HC. Components of the Plasminogen-Plasmin System as Biologic Markers for Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 867:145-56. [PMID: 26530365 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7215-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Members of the plasminogen-plasmin (PP) system participate in many physiologic functions. In particular, uPA, its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitor PAI-1 play an important role in cell migration, cell proliferation and tissue remodeling. Through a number of interactions, these components of the PP system are also involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In cancer, they modulate the essential processes of tumor development, growth, invasion and metastasis as well as angiogenesis and fibrosis. Thus, quantification of uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 in tumors and, in some cases in the circulating blood, became of potential value in the prognostication of many types of cancer. These include cancer of the breast, stomach, colon and rectum, esophagus, pancreas, glioma, lung, kidney, prostate, uterine cervix, ovary, liver and bone. Published data are reviewed in this chapter. Clinical validation of the prognostic value has also been made, particularly in cancer of the breast. Inclusion of these biomarkers in the risk assessment of cancer patients is now considered in the risk-adapted management in carcinoma of the breast. Factors limiting its broader use are discussed with suggestions how these can be overcome. Hopefully the use of these biomarkers will be applied to other types of cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J McMahon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Olson Pavilion, Room 8258, 710 N. Fairbanks Court, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hau C Kwaan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Cancer, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Olson Pavilion, Room 8258, 710 N. Fairbanks Court, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Wang F, Li S, Wang Y, Zhu H, Zhang X, Zhao M, Wu J, Peng S. Enantiomeric diketopiperazines: getting insight into the impact of the configuration on the conformation, nanoimage, u-PA inhibition and anti-metastatic activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00007f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The impact of the configuration of enantiomeric diketopiperazines on the conformation, nanoimage, u-PA inhibition and anti-metastatic activity was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Shan Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Haimei Zhu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, of Capital Medical University
- Beijing
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35
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Li Z, Sergent F, Bolla M, Zhou Y, Gabelle-Flandin I. Prognostic factors of second primary contralateral breast cancer in early-stage breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:245-251. [PMID: 25435968 PMCID: PMC4246626 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic outcome of early-stage breast cancer (pT1aN0M0) and to identify prognostic factors for secondary primary contralateral breast cancer (CBC). A total of 85 patients with mammary carcinomas were included. All patients had undergone breast surgery and adjuvant treatment between January 2001 and December 2008 at the Central Hospital of Grenoble University (Grenoble, France). The primary end-points were disease-free survival and secondary CBC, and the potential prognostic factors were investigated. During a median follow-up of 60 months, 10 of the 85 patients presented with secondary primary cancer, of which six suffered with CBC. No patient mortalities were reported. The rates of CBC were 2.35, 3.53 and 7.06% at one, two and five years, respectively. The cumulative univariate analysis showed that microinvasion and family history are potential risk factors for newly CBC. The current study also demonstrated that secondary CBC was more likely to occur in patients with microinvasion or a family history of hte dise. In addition, the systematic treatment of secondary CBC should include hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Fabrice Sergent
- Department of Gynecology, Central Hospital of Grenoble University, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Michel Bolla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Central Hospital of Grenoble University, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Isabelle Gabelle-Flandin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Central Hospital of Grenoble University, Grenoble 38043, France
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Witzel I, Milde-Langosch K, Schmidt M, Karn T, Becker S, Wirtz R, Rody A, Laakmann E, Schütze D, Jänicke F, Müller V. Role of urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA expression as prognostic factors in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:2205-13. [PMID: 25506225 PMCID: PMC4259258 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s65344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from fresh-frozen tumor tissue have been evaluated as prognostic factors in prospectively randomized trials in breast cancer. However, the role of uPA and PAI-1 in the context of breast cancer subtypes and for mRNA expression of these factors is less clear. Methods We evaluated uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression using the Affymetrix HG-U 133A array within molecular subgroups of breast cancer in cohorts of patients with systemic treatment (cohort A, n=362) and without systemic treatment (cohort B, n=200). We validated mRNA expression in a cohort of HER2-positive breast cancer patients (cohort C, n=290). Luminal, triple-negative, and HER2-positive subcohorts were defined by ESR1 and ERBB2 mRNA expression using predefined cutoffs. Results In the entire cohort A, elevated PAI-1 but not uPA mRNA expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival (P=0.007 for PAI and 0.069 for uPA). Regarding different molecular subgroups, 67% (n=244) of tumors were luminal, 14% (n=49) were HER2-positive, and 19% (n=69) were triple-negative. Elevated PAI-1 mRNA expression was associated with shorter disease-free survival only in the HER2-positive subgroup (P=0.031). The same disease-free survival results were found for uPA in HER2-positive patients (P=0.011). In contrast, no association between either marker and survival was observed in the luminal or triple-negative subgroups. In the HER2-positive validation cohort C, elevated uPA and PAI-1 mRNA expression also showed strong associations with shorter disease-free survival (P=0.014 for PAI-1, P<0.001 for uPA). Conclusion In this study, the prognostic impact of uPA and PAI-1 expression was mainly observed in patients with HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Witzel
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Karn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralph Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Achim Rody
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Elena Laakmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dina Schütze
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz Jänicke
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
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Ides J, Thomae D, wyffels L, Vangestel C, Messagie J, Joossens J, Lardon F, Van der Veken P, Augustyns K, Stroobants S, Staelens S. Synthesis and in vivo preclinical evaluation of an 18F labeled uPA inhibitor as a potential PET imaging agent. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:477-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Duggan C, Xiao L, Wang CY, McTiernan A. Effect of a 12-month exercise intervention on serum biomarkers of angiogenesis in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:648-57. [PMID: 24501378 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity is associated with decreased risk of several types of cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Angiogenesis, in which new blood vessels are formed, is common to adipose tissue formation/remodeling and tumor vascularization. METHODS We examined effects of a 12-month 45 minutes/day, 5 days/week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention on four serum markers of angiogenesis in 173 sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women, 50 to 75 years, randomized to intervention versus stretching control. Circulating levels of positive regulators of angiogenesis [VEGF, osteopontin (OPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)], and the negative regulator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), were measured by immunoassay at baseline and 12 months. Changes were compared using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for baseline levels of analytes and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS VEGF, OPN, or PAI-1 levels did not differ by intervention arm. Participants randomized to exercise significantly reduced PEDF (-3.7%) versus controls (+3.0%; P = 0.009). Reductions in fat mass were significantly associated with reductions in PAI-1 (Ptrend = 0.03; Ptrend = 0.02) and PEDF (Ptrend = 0.002; Ptrend = 0.01) compared with controls, or to those who gained any fat mass respectively. There was a significant association between decreases in VO2max, and increased reductions in PEDF (Ptrend = 0.03), compared with participants who increased their level of fitness. CONCLUSIONS Fat loss reduces circulating PAI-1 and PEDF. Changes in VO2max are associated with alterations in PEDF, but these associations are complex. IMPACT Unexpected reductions in PEDF with decreasing fat mass, and with decreasing VO2max, warrant further study, including examining the effects of different types and intensities of exercise; and role of dietary weight-loss with and without exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Duggan
- Authors' Affiliation: Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Pavet V, Shlyakhtina Y, He T, Ceschin DG, Kohonen P, Perälä M, Kallioniemi O, Gronemeyer H. Plasminogen activator urokinase expression reveals TRAIL responsiveness and supports fractional survival of cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1043. [PMID: 24481457 PMCID: PMC4040674 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/TNFSF10/Apo2L) holds promise for cancer therapy as it induces apoptosis in a large variety of cancer cells while exerting negligible toxicity in normal ones. However, TRAIL can also induce proliferative and migratory signaling in cancer cells resistant to apoptosis induced by this cytokine. In that regard, the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumor selectivity of TRAIL and those balancing apoptosis versus survival remain largely elusive. We show here that high mRNA levels of PLAU, which encodes urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), are characteristic of cancer cells with functional TRAIL signaling. Notably, decreasing uPA levels sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL, leading to markedly increased apoptosis. Mechanistic analyses revealed three molecular events taking place in uPA-depleted cells: reduced basal ERK1/2 prosurvival signaling, decreased preligand decoy receptor 2 (DcR2)-death receptor 5 (DR5) interaction and attenuated recruitment of DcR2 to the death-inducing signaling complex upon TRAIL challenge. These phenomena were accompanied by increased FADD and procaspase-8 recruitment and processing, thus guiding cells toward a caspase-dependent cell death that is largely independent of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Collectively, our results unveil PLAU mRNA levels as marker for the identification of TRAIL-responsive tumor cells and highlight a key role of uPA signaling in ‘apoptosis versus survival' decision-making processes upon TRAIL challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pavet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS/CERBM, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Y Shlyakhtina
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS/CERBM, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - T He
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - D G Ceschin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS/CERBM, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - P Kohonen
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Perälä
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - O Kallioniemi
- FIMM-Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Gronemeyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS/CERBM, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Paoletti
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
| | - Daniel F. Hayes
- Breast Oncology Program of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health and Hospital System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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Mengele K, Napieralski R, Magdolen V, Reuning U, Gkazepis A, Sweep F, Brünner N, Foekens J, Harbeck N, Schmitt M. Characteristics of the level-of-evidence-1 disease forecast cancer biomarkers uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 10:947-62. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.10.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Taubert H, Magdolen V, Kotzsch M. Impact of expression of the uPA system in sarcomas. Biomark Med 2013; 7:473-80. [PMID: 23734810 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The uPA system mainly comprises the urokinase-type plasminogen activator uPA, the cell-surface receptor uPA receptor and the inhibitor PAI-1. Its clinical and prognostic impact especially in breast cancer is well investigated. In this short report, we summarize the published data describing expression of uPA, PAI-1 and uPA receptor and their relevance to clinical and survival data in sarcomas underlining their impact as tumor biomarkers in this tumor type as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology, Division of Molecular Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Harbeck N, Sotlar K, Wuerstlein R, Doisneau-Sixou S. Molecular and protein markers for clinical decision making in breast cancer: today and tomorrow. Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 40:434-44. [PMID: 24138841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In early breast cancer (eBC), established clinicopathological factors are not sufficient for clinical decision making particularly regarding adjuvant chemotherapy since substantial over- or undertreatment may occur. Thus, novel protein- and molecular markers have been put forward as decision aids. Since these potential prognosis and/or predictive tests differ substantially regarding their methodology, analytical and clinical validation, this review attempts to summarize the essential facts for clinicians. This review focuses on those markers which are the most advanced so far in their development towards routine clinical application, i.e. two protein markers (i.e. uPA/PAI-1 and IHC4) and six molecular multigene tests (i.e. Mammaprint®, Oncotype DX®, PAM50, Endopredict®, the 97-gene genomic grade, and 76 gene Rotterdam signatures). Next to methodological aspects, we summarized the clinical evidences, in particular the main prospective clinical trials which have already been fully recruited (i.e. MINDACT, TAILORx, WSG PLAN B) or are still ongoing (i.e. RxPONDER/SWOG S1007, WSG-ADAPT). Last but not least, this review points out the key elements for clinicians to select one test among the wide panel of proposed assays, for a specific population of patients in term of level of evidence, analytical and clinical validity as well as cost effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum, Universitätsfrauenklinik, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, München, Germany.
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Strasse. 36, München, Germany.
| | - Rachel Wuerstlein
- Brustzentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sophie Doisneau-Sixou
- Brustzentrum, Klinikum der Universität München, Maistraße 11, 80337 Munich, Germany; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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Horvatic Herceg G, Herceg D, Kralik M, Kulic A, Bence-Zigman Z, Tomic-Brzac H, Bracic I, Kusacic-Kuna S, Prgomet D. Urokinase plasminogen activator and its inhibitor type-1 as prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:533-40. [PMID: 23835563 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813496374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor, type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), in differentiated thyroid cancer. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cytosolic concentrations of uPA and PAI-1 were determined in 105 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and normal matched tissues using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). RESULTS Both uPA and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly higher in differentiated thyroid tumors (uPA = 0.509 ± 0.767 and PAI-1 = 6.337 ± 6.415 ng/mg) compared to normal tissues (uPA = 0.237 ± 0.051, P < .001; PAI-1 = 2.368 ± 0.418 ng/mg, P < .001). uPA and PAI-1 were significantly higher if extrathyroidal invasion (uPA, P = .015; PAI-1, P < .001) or distant metastasis (PAI-1 P < .001) was present, as well as in tumors whose size exceeded 1 cm in diameter (uPA, P = .002; PAI-1, P = .001). Survival analysis revealed the significant impact of both uPA and PAI-1 on progression-free survival (PFS) (82.22 vs 49.478 months for patients with low and high uPA, respectively, P < .001; 87.068 vs 44.964 months for patients with low and high PAI-1, respectively, P < .001). Univariate analysis showed that gender, tumor size, tumor grade, extrathyroid invasion, local lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, uPA, and PAI-1 were significant predictors of PFS. However, multivariate analysis identified only distant metastasis and tumor tissue uPA and PAI-1 as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that high uPA and PAI-1 levels represent independent unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Horvatic Herceg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Golubnitschaja O, Yeghiazaryan K, Costigliola V, Trog D, Braun M, Debald M, Kuhn W, Schild HH. Risk assessment, disease prevention and personalised treatments in breast cancer: is clinically qualified integrative approach in the horizon? EPMA J 2013; 4:6. [PMID: 23418957 PMCID: PMC3615949 DOI: 10.1186/1878-5085-4-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. A spectrum of internal and external factors contributes to the disease promotion such as a genetic predisposition, chronic inflammatory processes, exposure to toxic compounds, abundant stress factors, a shift-worker job, etc. The cumulative effects lead to high incidence of breast cancer in populations worldwide. Breast cancer in the USA is currently registered with the highest incidence rates amongst all cancer related patient cohorts. Currently applied diagnostic approaches are frequently unable to recognise early stages in tumour development that impairs individual outcomes. Early diagnosis has been demonstrated to be highly beneficial for significantly enhanced therapy efficacy and possibly full recovery. Actual paper shows that the elaboration of an integrative diagnostic approach combining several levels of examinations creates a robust platform for the reliable risk assessment, targeted preventive measures and more effective treatments tailored to the person in the overall task of breast cancer management. The levels of examinations are proposed, and innovative technological approaches are described in the paper. The absolute necessity to create individual patient profiles and extended medical records is justified for the utilising by routine medical services. Expert recommendations are provided to promote further developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Golubnitschaja
- Department of Radiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str, 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany.
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Lang DS, Heilenkötter U, Schumm W, Behrens O, Simon R, Vollmer E, Goldmann T. Optimized immunohistochemistry in combination with image analysis: a reliable alternative to quantitative ELISA determination of uPA and PAI-1 for routine risk group discrimination in breast cancer. Breast 2013; 22:736-43. [PMID: 23332148 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of the invasion markers urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has further improved the possibilities for individualized therapy of breast cancer. To date, quantitative measurement by ELISA, that needs large amounts of fresh, frozen material, is the only standardized procedure for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, the aim of this study was the establishment of a reliable alternative method based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and image analysis requiring only small amounts of fixed tumor tissue. Protein expression of uPA and PAI-1 was analyzed in HOPE-fixed tumor samples using tissue microarrays (TMAs) and semiquantitative image analysis. The results of both methods were significantly correlated and risk assessment showed an overall concordance of 78% (83/107; high- and low-risk) and of 94% (74/79) regarding only high-risk patients. The data demonstrate that optimized IHC in combination with image analysis can provide adequate clinical significance compared to ELISA-derived determination of uPA and PAI-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Lang
- Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 3a, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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47
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Klein RM, Bernstein D, Higgins SP, Higgins CE, Higgins PJ. SERPINE1 expression discriminates site-specific metastasis in human melanoma. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:551-4. [PMID: 22716255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Depth of invasion, a quantifier of vertical growth, is a major cutaneous melanoma staging factor. Stromal penetrance requires pericellular proteolysis regulated by the serine protease and matrix metalloproteinase cascades. The serine protease inhibitor SERPINE1, a poor prognosis biomarker in various cancers, promotes tumor progression likely by titrating the extent and local of plasmin-initiated matrix remodelling. SERPINE1 in human melanoma was assessed using tissue arrays that included primary/metastatic tumors and normal skin. SERPINE1 was basal layer-restricted in the normal epidermis. SERPINE1 immunoreactivity was evident in 27/28 primary (96%) and 24/26 metastatic tumors (92%); cutaneous metastases (80%) had significantly elevated SERPINE1 levels compared with low signals characteristic of lymph node lesions. Moderate SERPINE1 expression was a general finding in primary melanoma, whereas reduced or increased SERPINE1 immunolocalization typified metastatic deposits. The amplitude of SERPINE1 expression may impact melanoma site-specific dissemination, with cutaneous metastases representing a high-SERPINE1 tumor subtype.
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48
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Abstract
Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan nuclear receptor that acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor in a cell type-dependent manner. Best characterized for its role in the regulation of angiogenesis during mouse development, COUP-TFII also plays important roles in glucose metabolism and cancer. Expression of COUP-TFII is altered in various endocrine conditions. Cell type-specific functions and the regulation of COUP-TFII expression result in its varying physiological and pathological actions in diverse systems. Evidence will be reviewed for oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of COUP-TFII, with roles in angiogenesis, metastasis, steroidogenesis, and endocrine sensitivity of breast cancer described. The applicability of current data to our understanding of the role of COUP-TFII in cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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49
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Hu Q, Lu YY, Noh H, Hong S, Dong Z, Ding HF, Su SB, Huang S. Interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 promotes breast tumor progression by regulating sustained urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression. Oncogene 2012; 32:3933-43. [PMID: 22986534 PMCID: PMC3819929 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustained urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression is detected in aggressive breast tumors. Although uPA can be transiently upregulated by diverse extracellular stimuli, sustained, but not transiently upregulated uPA expression contributes to breast cancer invasion/metastasis. Unfortunately, how sustained uPA expression is achieved in invasive/metastatic breast cancer cells is unknown. Here, we show that sustained and transiently upregulated uPA expression are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Using a collection of transcription factor-targeted small-interfering RNAs, we discovered that interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3) is required for sustained uPA expression. Two discrete mechanisms mediate ILF3 action. The first is that ILF3 activates uPA transcription by binding to the CTGTT sequence in the nucleotides -1004∼-1000 of the uPA promoter; the second is that ILF3 inhibits the processing of uPA mRNA-targeting primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Knockdown of ILF3 led to significant reduction in in vitro cell growth/migration/invasion and in vivo breast tumor development. Importantly, immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that nuclear ILF3, but not cytoplasmic ILF3 staining correlates with elevated uPA level and higher grades of human breast tumor specimens. Nuclear localization of ILF3 highlights the role of ILF3 in sustained uPA expression as a transcription activator and pri-miRNA processing blocker. In conclusion, this study shows that ILF3 promotes breast tumorigenicity by regulating sustained uPA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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50
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Withaferin A causes activation of Notch2 and Notch4 in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:45-56. [PMID: 22965833 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ayurvedic medicine plants continue to draw attention for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Withaferin A (WA) is one such small-molecule constituent of the ayurvedic medicine plant Withania somnifera with efficacy against cultured and xenografted human breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism underlying anticancer effect of WA is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to determine the role of Notch signaling in anticancer effects of WA using human breast cancer cells as a model. Notably, Notch signaling is often hyperactive in human breast cancers. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells to pharmacological concentrations of WA resulted in cleavage (activation) of Notch2 as well as Notch4, which was accompanied by transcriptional activation of Notch as evidenced by RBP-Jk, HES-1A/B, and HEY-1 luciferase reporter assays. On the other hand, WA treatment caused a decrease in levels of both transmembrane and cleaved Notch1. The WA-mediated activation of Notch was associated with induction of γ-secretase complex components presenilin1 and/or nicastrin. Inhibition of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell migration resulting from WA exposure was significantly augmented by knockdown of Notch2 as well as Notch4 protein. Activation of Notch2 was not observed in cells treated with withanone or withanolide A, which are structural analogs of WA. The results of this study indicate that WA treatment activates Notch2 and Notch4, which impede inhibitory effect of WA on breast cancer cell migration.
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