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Hoofnagle AN, Whiteaker JR, Carr SA, Kuhn E, Liu T, Massoni SA, Thomas SN, Townsend RR, Zimmerman LJ, Boja E, Chen J, Crimmins DL, Davies SR, Gao Y, Hiltke TR, Ketchum KA, Kinsinger CR, Mesri M, Meyer MR, Qian WJ, Schoenherr RM, Scott MG, Shi T, Whiteley GR, Wrobel JA, Wu C, Ackermann BL, Aebersold R, Barnidge DR, Bunk DM, Clarke N, Fishman JB, Grant RP, Kusebauch U, Kushnir MM, Lowenthal MS, Moritz RL, Neubert H, Patterson SD, Rockwood AL, Rogers J, Singh RJ, Van Eyk JE, Wong SH, Zhang S, Chan DW, Chen X, Ellis MJ, Liebler DC, Rodland KD, Rodriguez H, Smith RD, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Paulovich AG. Recommendations for the Generation, Quantification, Storage, and Handling of Peptides Used for Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays. Clin Chem 2016; 62:48-69. [PMID: 26719571 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.250563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, basic and clinical researchers have taken advantage of the analytical sensitivity and specificity afforded by mass spectrometry in the measurement of proteins. Clinical laboratories are now beginning to deploy these work flows as well. For assays that use proteolysis to generate peptides for protein quantification and characterization, synthetic stable isotope-labeled internal standard peptides are of central importance. No general recommendations are currently available surrounding the use of peptides in protein mass spectrometric assays. CONTENT The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium of the National Cancer Institute has collaborated with clinical laboratorians, peptide manufacturers, metrologists, representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, and other professionals to develop a consensus set of recommendations for peptide procurement, characterization, storage, and handling, as well as approaches to the interpretation of the data generated by mass spectrometric protein assays. Additionally, the importance of carefully characterized reference materials-in particular, peptide standards for the improved concordance of amino acid analysis methods across the industry-is highlighted. The alignment of practices around the use of peptides and the transparency of sample preparation protocols should allow for the harmonization of peptide and protein quantification in research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jing Chen
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Yuqian Gao
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | | | - Tujin Shi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | - John A Wrobel
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | | | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Russ P Grant
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc., Burlington, NC
| | | | - Mark M Kushnir
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | - Alan L Rockwood
- University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian Chen
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Yang Y, Boysen RI, Chowdhury J, Alam A, Hearn MTW. Analysis of peptides and protein digests by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry using neutral pH elution conditions. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:84-94. [PMID: 25892073 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the advantages of carrying out the analysis of peptides and tryptic digests of proteins under gradient elution conditions at pH 6.5 by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and in-line electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are documented. For these RP separations, a double endcapped, bidentate anchored n-octadecyl wide pore silica adsorbent was employed in a capillary column format. Compared to the corresponding analysis of the same peptides and protein tryptic digests using low pH elution conditions for their RP-HPLC separation, this alternative approach provides improved selectivity and more efficient separation of these analytes, thus allowing a more sensitive identification of proteins at different abundance levels, i.e. more tryptic peptides from the same protein could be confidently identified, enabling higher sequence coverage of the protein to be obtained. This approach was further evaluated with very complex tryptic digests derived from a human plasma protein sample using an online two-dimensional (2D) strong cation-exchange (SCX)-RP-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. Again, at pH 6.5, with mobile phases of different compositions, improved chromatographic selectivities were obtained, concomitant with more sensitive on-line electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS/MS) analysis. As a consequence, more plasma proteins could be confidently identified, highlighting the potential of these RP-HPLC methods with elution at pH 6.5 to extend further the scope of proteomic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhong Yang
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamil Chowdhury
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Asif Alam
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- Australian Research Council Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Schnöller J, Pittenauer E, Hutter H, Allmaier G. Analysis of antioxidants in insulation cladding of copper wire: a comparison of different mass spectrometric techniques (ESI-IT, MALDI-RTOF and RTOF-SIMS). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2009; 44:1724-1732. [PMID: 19830787 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Commercial copper wire and its polymer insulation cladding was investigated for the presence of three synthetic antioxidants (ADK STAB AO412S, Irganox 1010 and Irganox MD 1024) by three different mass spectrometric techniques including electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization reflectron time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MALDI-RTOF-MS) and reflectron TOF secondary ion mass spectrometry (RTOF-SIMS). The samples were analyzed either directly without any treatment (RTOF-SIMS) or after a simple liquid/liquid extraction step (ESI-IT-MS, MALDI-RTOF-MS and RTOF-SIMS). Direct analysis of the copper wire itself or of the insulation cladding by RTOF-SIMS allowed the detection of at least two of the three antioxidants but at rather low sensitivity as molecular radical cations and with fairly strong fragmentation (due to the highly energetic ion beam of the primary ion gun). ESI-IT- and MALDI-RTOF-MS-generated abundant protonated and/or cationized molecules (ammoniated or sodiated) from the liquid/liquid extract. Only ESI-IT-MS allowed simultaneous detection of all three analytes in the extract of insulation claddings. The latter two so-called 'soft' desorption/ionization techniques exhibited intense fragmentation only by applying low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem MS on a multistage ion trap-instrument and high-energy CID on a tandem TOF-instrument (TOF/RTOF), respectively. Strong differences in the fragmentation behavior of the three analytes could be observed between the different CID spectra obtained from either the IT-instrument (collision energy in the very low eV range) or the TOF/RTOF-instrument (collision energy 20 keV), but both delivered important structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schnöller
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164, Vienna, Austria
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Mead JA, Shadforth IP, Bessant C. Public proteomic MS repositories and pipelines: available tools and biological applications. Proteomics 2007; 7:2769-86. [PMID: 17654461 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As proteomic MS has increased in throughput, so has the demand to catalogue the increasing number of peptides and proteins observed by the community using this technique. As in other 'omics' fields, this brings obvious scientific benefits such as sharing of results and prevention of unnecessary repetition, but also provides technical insights, such as the ability to compare proteome coverage between different laboratories, or between different proteomic platforms. Journals are also moving towards mandating that proteomics data be submitted to public repositories upon publication. In response to these demands, several web-based repositories have been established to store protein and peptide identifications derived from MS data, and a similar number of peptide identification software pipelines have emerged to deliver identifications to these repositories. This paper reviews the latest developments in public domain peptide and protein identification databases and describes the analysis pipelines that feed them. Recent applications of the tools to pertinent biological problems are examined, and through comparing and contrasting the capabilities of each system, the issues facing research users of web-based repositories are explored. Future developments and mechanisms to enhance system functionality and user-interfacing opportunities are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Mead
- Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedfordshire, UK
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Gelpí E. Contributions of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to "highlights" of biomedical research. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1000:567-81. [PMID: 12877189 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques and in particular liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) have been contributing in a decisive way to the progress of life sciences in general. Thus, the number of document entries in the US National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) for articles dealing with LC-MS was 738 in 1991 and 2285 in 2001, with a total of 13 147 for the whole 10-year period, an increase of 310%. From these figures, we can ascertain that the total usage of combined LC-MS techniques is of the order of 40% relative to all of the MS publications collected in MEDLINE for the same period. However, from the perspective of real advances in medicine, it becomes difficult to identify what is outstanding in this field. The aim of this review was not to provide another LC-MS review, but an overview of the current status of the presence, visibility and impact of combined LC-MS techniques in biomedical research. The idea being to spot "highlight" literature contributions with the potential to become in the short or medium term real assets in a doctor's daily medical practice. In other words, after several truly remarkable technical achievements reported within the past decade, are we any closer to making LC-MS a useful and practical diagnostic tool for molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine? To approach this question, a literature survey was carried out to define: (i) the presence of LC-MS in the biomedical literature (MEDLINE) and its weight relative to the whole field of biological and biomedical mass spectrometry; (ii) the role of LC-MS in recent milestone biomedical contributions; and (iii) the present and future role of new LC-MS technology in medical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gelpí
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC-IDIBAPS, Rosello 161-6o, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has had a significant impact on drug development over the past decade. Continual improvements in LC/MS interface technologies combined with powerful features for structure analysis, qualitative and quantitative, have resulted in a widened scope of application. These improvements coincided with breakthroughs in combinatorial chemistry, molecular biology, and an overall industry trend of accelerated development. New technologies have created a situation where the rate of sample generation far exceeds the rate of sample analysis. As a result, new paradigms for the analysis of drugs and related substances have been developed. The growth in LC/MS applications has been extensive, with retention time and molecular weight emerging as essential analytical features from drug target to product. LC/MS-based methodologies that involve automation, predictive or surrogate models, and open access systems have become a permanent fixture in the drug development landscape. An iterative cycle of "what is it?" and "how much is there?" continues to fuel the tremendous growth of LC/MS in the pharmaceutical industry. During this time, LC/MS has become widely accepted as an integral part of the drug development process. This review describes the utility of LC/MS techniques for accelerated drug development and provides a perspective on the significant changes in strategies for pharmaceutical analysis. Future applications of LC/MS technologies for accelerated drug development and emerging industry trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lee
- Milestone Development Services, Pennington, New Jersey 08534-0813, USA
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