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Hameed N, Akhter S, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Zubair M, Irfan-Ur-Rehman Khan M. Effects of different extenders, storage temperatures, and antioxidant supplementation on chilled semen quality: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:85. [PMID: 38386220 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The successful preservation of ram semen is essential to promote genetic variability, ensure semen transportation, and inseminate multiple ewes. Currently, either animal or plant-based lipoprotein-based extenders are used for semen preservation. Animal product-based extenders include milk and egg yolk, while soybean lecithin is a plant-based extender. Although extenders containing products of animal origin better preserve the quality of chilled semen, the in vivo efficacy after 24 h of storage is still of great concern. Storage temperature is another important and effective factor in preserving sperm quality, whereby different storage temperatures are adopted to enhance the storage life of sperm. Low temperatures (4-5 °C) better preserve sperm quality for a longer duration than high temperatures (15, 20, and 25 °C). Moreover, antioxidant supplementation has a positive impact on sperm quality during liquid storage. The current review summarizes the outcomes of various extenders, different storage temperatures, and antioxidant supplementation on the liquid storage of ram sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Hameed
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Shereen Akhter
- Department of Zoology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun X, Kang Y, Sohail T, Wang J, Li Y. Effects of Different Diluents on Semen Quality of Hu Ram Stored at 4 °C. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2823. [PMID: 37760223 PMCID: PMC10525221 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various diluents on the quality of Hu ram sperm stored at 4 °C. Semen samples were collected from three Hu rams and diluted with diluents A (Sodium citrate-Glucose-Egg yolk), B (Sodium citrate-Glucose), C (Fructose-Skimmed milk powder-Soy lecithin), and D (Tris-Fructose-Citric acid-Egg yolk). Total motility (TM), straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), average motion degree (MAD), acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. The results showed that diluent D had better preservation in terms of the sperm TM, VSL, VCL, VAP, MAD, and membrane and acrosome integrity. On the third day of the storage, the sperm PM of diluent D was higher than that of other diluents (p < 0.05). The ROS level of diluent D was lower than that of other diluents on the fifth day (p < 0.05). On the seventh day of the storage, the sperm TM in diluent D reached 50%, which was the highest in all diluent groups. On the seventh day of the storage, the integrity of the sperm membrane and the integrity of the acrosome of the sperm in diluent D were the highest in all diluent groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicated that diluent D improved the semen quality during storage at 4 °C. In this study, diluent D was the best diluent formula for Hu ram semen stored at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Z.)
| | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Z.)
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Hameed N, Zubair M, Ahmad N, Durrani AZ, Khan MIUR. Effects of extender type and storage time on sperm quality parameters of Kail ram semen stored at 5 °C. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:171. [PMID: 37093355 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of different extenders and storage times on sperm quality parameters of extended Kail ram semen. Semen was collected from five adult Kail rams using an artificial vagina. Semen samples with >70% total sperm motility were pooled, diluted with Tris (TR), sodium citrate (SC), and skim milk (SM)-based extenders, and stored at 5 °C. Sperm motility and kinematics, viability, and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity were assessed every 24 hrs for 120 hrs. Sperm longevity was estimated by placing semen in a water bath at 37°C to assess sperm kinematics. Storage time as the main effect had a negative (P < 0.05) impact on sperm quality parameters. The percentages of total motile (TM), progressive motile (PM), rapid, and medium progressive (MP) motile sperm were similar at 24 hrs of storage for the three extenders. However, semen extended in TR had a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of TM, PM, rapid, and MP sperm compared to SM and SC extenders at 48 hrs of storage. The sperm kinematics (VCL, VSL, VAP, and ALH) of progressive sperm were similar for all three extenders up to 72 hrs of storage. In addition, semen extended in TR had a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of sperm with intact plasma and acrosomal membranes at a storage time of 48 hrs. At 37 °C, the percentage of TM and PM sperm was higher (P < 0.05) in the TR extender than in the SM and SC extenders at 60 minutes and beyond. In conclusion, the Kail ram sperm extended in TR and stored at 5 °C maintained better quality after 48 hrs storage than sperm extended in SM and SC extenders. At 37 °C, sperm extended in TR also retained better quality parameters at 60 min and afterward than sperm extended in SM and SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Hameed
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Zameer Durrani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Salimi A, Eslami M, Farrokhi-Ardabili F. Influence of trans-ferulic acid on the quality of ram semen upon cold preservation. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1369-1378. [PMID: 36913307 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to lower antioxidant capacity and higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, ram spermatozoa are very susceptible during cooling process. OBJECTIVES The objective was to examine the effect of the trans-ferulic acid (t-FA) on the ram semen during liquid preservation. METHODS Semen samples were collected from the Qezel rams, pooled, and extended with the Tris-based diluent. Pooled samples enriched with different amounts of the t-FA (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 25 mM) and preserved at 4°C for 72 h. Spermatozoa's kinematics, membrane functionality, and viability were assessed by CASA system, hypoosmotic swelling test, and eosin-nigrosin staining, respectively. Moreover, biochemical parameters were measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. RESULTS Results showed that 5 and 10 mM t-FA improved forward progressive motility (FPM) and curvilinear velocity compared to the other groups at 72 h (p < 0.05). Samples treated with 25 mM t-FA showed the lowest total motility, FPM, and viability at 24, 48, and 72 h of storage (p < 0.05). Higher total antioxidant activity levels were observed in the 10 mM t-FA-treated group compared to the negative control at 72 h (p < 0.05). Treatment with 25 mM t-FA increased malondialdehyde amounts and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared to other groups at the final time assessment (p < 0.05). Nitrate-nitrite and lipid hydroperoxides values were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS The current study indicates the positive and negative influences of different concentrations of t-FA on the ram semen upon cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salimi
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohsen Eslami
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Hodge MJ, Rindfleish SJ, de las Heras-Saldana S, Stephen CP, Pant SD. Heritability and Genetic Parameters for Semen Traits in Australian Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2946. [PMID: 36359070 PMCID: PMC9658395 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen characteristics including volume, gross motility, spermatozoal concentration, and percent post-thaw motility are routinely assessed to determine the quality and quantity of an ejaculate prior to use in artificial breeding programs. Currently, artificial breeding programs in sheep place relatively little emphasis on ram-side factors, such as the fertilising potential of an ejaculate, which may contribute to variability in conception outcomes. Estimating genetic parameters for ejaculate quality and quantity traits could provide insights into whether selective breeding can be used to improve such ram-side traits, improving ovine reproductive performance and farm profitability. Therefore, in this study, a total of 11,470 ejaculate records, including data for ejaculate volume, gross motility, spermatozoal concentration, and percent post-thaw motility, collected over a 20-year period was used to estimate genetic parameters in sheep. Univariate and bivariate mixed model analysis was performed including a variety of fixed effects such as breed, age at collection, centre of collection, collection number, season of collection, and method of collection; and the permanent environmental effects associated with each ram, stud and year of collection, and the breeding value of rams included as random effects. The heritability for ejaculate volume, gross motility, concentration, and percent post-thaw motility was estimated to be 0.161, 0.170, 0.089, and 0.081. Repeatability estimates were moderate, ranging between 0.4126 and 0.5265. Overall, results indicate that semen traits are lowly heritable and moderately repeatable, indicating that these traits are significantly influenced by environmental variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie J. Hodge
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Apiam Animal Health, Apiam Genetic Services, Dubbo, NSW 2830, Australia
| | | | | | - Cyril P. Stephen
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Sameer D. Pant
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Alkali IM, Asuku SO, Colombo M, Bukar MM, Waziri MA, Luvoni GC. Spermatozoa Survival in Egg Yolk-Based and Soybean-Based Extenders at Ambient and Chilling Temperature in Domestic Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050648. [PMID: 35268216 PMCID: PMC8909083 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of many galliform species have declined mainly due to habitat loss and over-hunting, notably the Congo peacock, which has been classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The domestic turkey, being a species of least concern, which has been reported to be closely related to peacocks, could serve as a model for the optimization of assisted reproductive technologies for the Congo peacock. This study was aimed at developing a suitable turkey semen extender for artificial insemination in field conditions. Semen was collected using the dorso-abdominal massage technique from seven turkey toms and analyzed. Ejaculates with >70% motility and >80% live spermatozoa were pooled and divided into four aliquots (four treatments). Each of the four treatments was extended in a soybean-based extender or an egg yolk-based extender, with or without L-ascorbic acid. Two liquid preservation protocols (ambient temperature (35 °C) and chilled (4 °C)) were employed, and quality parameters including motility, viability and morphology were evaluated. The results show that the two extenders were similar with regard to semen quality parameters, and L-ascorbic acid supplementation of the turkey semen extenders improved semen quality during liquid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Mohammed Alkali
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600230, Nigeria; (S.O.A.); (M.M.B.); (M.A.W.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3515094880 or +234-8061537632
| | - Suleiman Omeiza Asuku
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600230, Nigeria; (S.O.A.); (M.M.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Martina Colombo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.L.)
| | - Muhammad Modu Bukar
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600230, Nigeria; (S.O.A.); (M.M.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Waziri
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600230, Nigeria; (S.O.A.); (M.M.B.); (M.A.W.)
| | - Gaia Cecilia Luvoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.C.L.)
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Takaesu N, Kanno C, Sugimoto K, Nagano M, Kaneko A, Indo Y, Imai H, Hirai H, Okamoto M, Sashika M, Shimozuru M, Katagiri S, Tsubota T, Yanagawa Y. Semen collection by urethral catheterization and electro-ejaculation with different voltages, and the effect of holding temperature and cooling rate before cryopreservation on semen quality in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:429-438. [PMID: 35067494 PMCID: PMC8983288 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Japanese macaque, semen has been collected by electro-ejaculation (EE), using the higher voltage stimuli compared to other species including genus Macaca. Semen coagulate immediately after ejaculation, which makes difficult to produce high-quality semen for artificial insemination. Recently, semen collection using urethral catheterization (UC) has been reported in carnivore and this technique may allow semen collection without coagulation in a less invasive manner. Further, the temporal preservation temperature and cooling rate of semen during cryopreservation affect post thawing sperm quality. In this study, to improve semen quality and quantity, as well as the animal welfare, semen collection was performed by EE with high (5-15 V) or low (3-6 V) voltage, UC and a combination of the two (EE-UC). It has been suggested that a high voltage is necessary for semen collection, but 10 V stimulation was effective enough and 15 V is for additional sperm collection. Also, liquid semen was collected by EE-UC and this could increase the total number of sperm. Further, to improve the post thawing sperm motility, semen was kept at four temperatures (4, 15, 25 and 37˚C) for 60 min, and processed with two cooling procedures (slow cooling before second dilution and fast cooling after second dilution). Holding semen at 25˚C and fast cooling after the second dilution maintained progressive motile sperm rate. The present results will contribute to the improvement of semen collection and animal welfare of Japanese macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Takaesu
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Chihiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Clinical Veterinary Medicine for Large Animal, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Kosuke Sugimoto
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Masashi Nagano
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | | | - Yoriko Indo
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University
| | | | | | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Michito Shimozuru
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Seiji Katagiri
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Toshio Tsubota
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Factors Affecting the Survival of Ram Spermatozoa during Liquid Storage and Options for Improvement. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030244. [PMID: 35158568 PMCID: PMC8833663 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The success of semen preservation is vital for the use of artificial reproductive technologies in sheep. However, reduced temperatures can cause significant damage to the sperm cell. Recent investigations in other species have identified room-temperature liquid storage as a viable alternative if spermatozoa are protected from the increased risk of lipid peroxidation, a side effect of unaltered metabolism. The following review aims to summarise the factors which contribute to the survival of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage and the role of pro-survival factors and antioxidants in helping to ameliorate the damaging effects caused by lipid peroxidation on fertility. This would contribute towards establishing a new method of semen preservation for the sheep industry which maximises fertility following storage and artificial insemination. Abstract Semen preservation is an essential component of reproductive technologies, as it promotes genetic gain and long-distance semen transport and multiplies the number of ewes able to be inseminated per single ejaculate. However, the reduced temperature during cold storage at 5 or 15 °C inflicts sub-lethal damage to spermatozoa, compromising sperm quality and the success of artificial breeding. New and emerging research in various species has reported the advantages of storing spermatozoa at higher temperatures, such as 23 °C; however, this topic has not been thoroughly investigated for ram spermatozoa. Despite the success of storing spermatozoa at 23 °C, sperm quality can be compromised by the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation, more commonly when metabolism is left unaltered during 23 °C storage. Additionally, given the biosafety concern surrounding the international transport of egg-yolk-containing extenders, further investigation is critical to assess the preservation ability of synthetic extenders and whether pro-survival factors could be supplemented to maximise sperm survival during storage at 23 °C.
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Cooled storage of semen from livestock animals (Part II): Camelids, goats, and sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 234:106855. [PMID: 34583145 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of the Festschrift in honor of Dr. Duane Garner and provides an overview of current techniques in cooled storage of semen from livestock animals such as camelids, goats, and sheep. Facing worldwide environmental changes and a trend towards more conscious and healthy eating behaviors, the development of a stable animal breeding industry is a significant challenge for the near future. In the present review, factors influencing semen handling in camelids, goats and sheep are described and relevant methods as well as current trends to improve liquid-storage of cooled semen are discussed, including extenders, additives, cooling rates, and storage temperatures. The species-specific physiology and resulting challenges are taken into consideration. While the main problem for camelid semen processing is the relatively greater viscosity as compared with that of some other animals, the deciding factor for successful artificial insemination (AI) in goats and sheep is the site (i.e., cervical or vaginal) of semen placement in the reproductive tract. Due to the type of cervical anatomy, the penetration of the cervix when using AI instruments is rather difficult. Furthermore, the seminal plasma of small ruminants affects the interaction with milk-based extenders and egg yolk which results in species-specific regimens for cooled liquid-preservation. Comparing all three species, the greatest pregnancy rates were obtained by AI with goat semen after cooled liquid-storage for several days.
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Mendoza N, Casao A, Domingo J, Quintín F, Laviña A, Fantova E, Cebrián-Pérez JÁ, Muiño-Blanco T, Pérez-Pe R. Influence of Non-conventional Sperm Quality Parameters on Field Fertility in Ovine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650572. [PMID: 34026889 PMCID: PMC8139619 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction of the fertilizing ability of a seminal dose continues to be a primary aim in the field of artificial insemination (AI). To achieve this goal, in this study we have included the evaluation of some non-conventional sperm quality markers. A total of 3,906 ewes from 52 different farms were inseminated with 357 refrigerated seminal doses obtained from 45 mature Rasa Aragonesa rams. The same samples were used for sperm quality analysis including membrane integrity, capacitation status, oxygen consumption and apoptotic-like markers such as phosphatidylserine translocation (PS), plasmalemma disorganization/mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase activation and DNA damage. Seminal doses from the breeding (B) season presented higher percentages of intact membrane (IM), non permeant (NP) membrane with high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and IM without PS translocation spermatozoa than those from the non-breeding (NB) season. Therefore, we can conclude that there were less spermatozoa showing apoptotic-like features in the seminal doses from the B than the NB season, although these differences did not affect field fertility. Only the percentage of intact membrane, non-capacitated (IM-NC) spermatozoa showed a significant correlation with in vivo fertility (P = 0.005) and fecundity (P = 0.007) values obtained after cervical AI when all data were evaluated. When the data were sorted by season and distance to the farms where AI was performed, the correlation between the percentage of IM-NC spermatozoa and reproductive parameters increased in the NB season and progressively with remoteness from the farms. Some other sperm parameters, like NP with high ΔΨm, IM sperm without active caspases and DNA-intact spermatozoa, also showed significant correlations with the reproductive parameters in the sorted data. Moreover, the increment in both the percentage of IM-NC and DNA-intact spermatozoa would increase the probability of obtaining a fertility higher than the mean (>52%), as revealed by a multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, we have identified two seminal markers—the percentage of intact membrane, non-capacitated spermatozoa, and DNA intact spermatozoa—which could be used as a test to discard males in AI programs, which is highly important from an economic point of view and can contribute to achieving satisfactory fertility rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Mendoza
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adriana Casao
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Quintín
- Centro de Transferencia Agroalimentaria (Gobierno de Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adolfo Laviña
- Asociación nacional de criadores de ganado ovino de la raza rasa aragonesa (ANGRA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Fantova
- Unión de Productores de Raza Rasa Aragonesa (UPRA)-Grupo Pastores, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Álvaro Cebrián-Pérez
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Muiño-Blanco
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosaura Pérez-Pe
- Grupo BIOFITER-Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular-Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Rahimizadeh P, Rezaei Topraggaleh T, Bucak MN, Ziarati N, Hasirbaf A, Taher-Mofrad SMJ, Maroufizadeh S, Shahverdi A. Effect of Bovine Serum Albumin Supplementation in Tris-Soybean Lecithin-Based Extender on Quality of Chilled Ram Epididymal Spermatozoa. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:33-40. [PMID: 33147063 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of using tris-soybean lecithin (TSL)-based extender supplemented with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the quality of ram epididymal spermatozoa during refrigerated storage. Method: Epididymal sperm were collected from 22 Zandi rams, diluted in TSL-based extender at different concentrations (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) of BSA, and stored for 5 days at 4°C. Sperm parameters including motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin protamination, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were evaluated at 0, 24, 72, and 120 hours of refrigeration. Results: The addition of 10% BSA to the extender significantly improved sperm viability at 24 and 120 hours of refrigerated liquid storage (p < 0.05). An enhancement in plasma membrane integrity was observed along with a decrease in MDA level by increasing the concentration of BSA from 0% to 10% (p > 0.05). Sperm motion characteristics were higher in the BSA-free group at 120 hours of preservation (p < 0.05). No statistical difference was found for nuclear protamination between experimental groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: BSA supplementation in TSL-based extender can preserve the viability of epididymal ram spermatozoa during liquid storage at 4°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Rahimizadeh
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Rezaei Topraggaleh
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mustafa Numan Bucak
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Niloofar Ziarati
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Hasirbaf
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohamad Javad Taher-Mofrad
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Xu Y, Wang L, Cao S, Hu R, Liu R, Hua K, Guo Z, Di HJ, Hu Z. Genipin improves reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption in male mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 33308222 PMCID: PMC7731552 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm disruption impacts a wide range of physiological processes, including fertility. However, the effect of circadian disruption on male spermatogenesis and fertility, and treatments for these effects have been largely unexplored at the molecular level. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of genipin on improving the reproductive health problems caused by circadian disruption. Three groups of animals were fed under different conditions: control group (normal T cycle with saline), group of shortened T cycles (Light/Dark = 4 hours/4 hours) with saline, and a group of shortened T cycles with genipin by oral gavage. The male fertility was evaluated by fertility study and pups parameters analysis after successful sexual behavior and mating with female mice. We sacrificed the treated animals after 5 or 10 weeks and collected the testis, sperm and serum for histological analysis, sperm motility assay, and serum hormone detection, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of genipin was assessed by detection of progesterone secretion and steroidogenic key proteins expression, including StAR and CYP11A1, in mouse Leydig tumor MLTC-1 cells. RESULTS Male mice exposed to shortened light-dark cycles, much shorter than 24 hours, had reduced fertility with decreased sperm concentrations and sperm motility. Male mice under circadian disruption have reduced testis size and abnormal morphology, leading to lower fertility rates, reduced litter size and pup body weight. Treatment with exogenous genipin, a natural plant-derived compound, alleviated circadian disruption-induced damage to fertility and spermatogenesis and normalized testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione (ASD) levels in the male mice. The levels of key proteins involved in steroidogenesis, StAR and CYP11A1, were reduced in mouse testes after the circadian disruption, but genipin treatment restored the reduction. The mRNA expression of SRD5A1, which encodes an androgen synthesis enzyme, was also upregulated by genipin treatment. Furthermore, genipin treatment showed a positive effect on steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells, resulting in an increase in hormone secretion and the upregulation of StAR and CYP11A1. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed an association between circadian disruption and reproductive health problems in male mice and indicated that treatments with genipin have positive effects on the reproductive health of male mice with circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihua Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Jie Di
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 210017, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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Effect of Sperm Concentration and Storage Temperature on Goat Spermatozoa during Liquid Storage. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090300. [PMID: 32961716 PMCID: PMC7564667 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The use of cooled semen is relatively common in goats. There are a number of advantages of cooled semen doses, including easier handling of artificial insemination (AI) doses, transport, more AI doses per ejaculate, and higher fertility rates in comparison with frozen AI doses. However, cooled semen has a short shelf life. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of temperature and sperm concentration on the in vitro sperm quality during liquid storage for 48 h, including sperm motility and kinetics, response to oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation in goats. Three experiments were performed. In the first, the effects of liquid preservation of semen at different temperatures (5 °C or 17 °C), durations (0, 24 and 48 h) and sperm concentrations (250 × 106 sperm/mL (1:2 dilution rate), 166.7 × 106 sperm/mL (1:3 dilution rate) or 50 × 106 sperm/mL (1:10 dilution rate)) on sperm motility and kinetics were studied. In the second experiment, the effect of temperature, sperm washing and concentration on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation was studied. Finally, the effect of sperm concentration and duration of storage at 5 °C on sperm motility, response to oxidative stress and MMP was examined. We found that refrigerated liquid storage of goat sperm impaired sperm quality, such as motility, MMP and response to oxidation, as storage time increased; however, sperm DNA fragmentation index was not significantly affected. Liquid storage at 5 °C preserved higher total motility than at 17 °C. Moreover, we observed that the reduction of sperm concentration below 500 × 106 sperm/mL did not seem to improve the quality of spermatozoa conserved in milk-based extender in the conditions tested.
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14
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Appiah MO, Li W, Zhao J, Liu H, Dong Y, Xiang J, Wang J, Lu W. Quercetin supplemented casein-based extender improves the post-thaw quality of rooster semen. Cryobiology 2020; 94:57-65. [PMID: 32437678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advantageous influence of quercetin (Q) supplementation in an extender has not yet been evaluated for rooster semen cryopreservation. This research was purposely conducted in order to assess the effect of different quercetin concentrations added into an extender on the sperm quality of the rooster subsequent to a freezing-thawing process. After the freezing-thawing process, spermatozoa quality parameters (membrane functionality, acrosome integrity, motility, viability, and abnormal morphology), endogenous enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), mitochondrial activity, DNA fragmentation index, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and ROS were all evaluated. A total of 75 neat pooled ejaculates (3 ejaculates/rooster) were collected from 25 arbor acres roosters (24 wks) twice a week using abdominal massage technique, then divided into five equal aliquots and diluted with an extender containing different doses of Q (CS-Q) as follows: casein extender without Q (control only), casein extender containing 0.040 mg/mL quercetin (CS-Q 0.040), 0.020 mg/mL quercetin (CS-Q 0.020), 0.010 mg/mL quercetin (CS-Q 0.010), and 0.005 mg/mL quercetin (CS-Q 0.005). Our results depicted that adding to the extender with a 0.010 mg/mL Q enhanced (P < 0.01) sperm motility, membrane function, viability, mitochondrial activity, intact acrosome (P < 0.05), SOD (P < 0.001), CAT, and GPx (P < 0.01) compared to the control group at post-thaw. Compared to the control group and other treatment groups after the freeze-thawing process, the addition of 0.005 mg/mL Q into the extender also showed higher (P < 0.05) improvement in the quality of sperm parameters and a higher (P < 0.01) SOD and CAT but did not improve mitochondrial activity and sperm viability. In addition, there was a lower degree of DNA fragmentation index, lower (P < 0.05) lipid peroxidation and ROS in frozen-thawed sperm treated with 0.010 mg/mL and 0.005 mg/mL Q than in control and the other treatment groups. In addition, 0.020 mg/mL Q supplementation into the extender also reduced DNA fragmentation and improved GPx activity compared to the control group at post-thaw. Different concentrations of Q 0.010 and 0.005 mg/mL added to the extender reduced the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa compared to the other groups. The results of this study showed for the first time that the inclusion of an extender with a suitable quercetin concentration of 0.010 mg/mL improved the post-thawed quality of rooster semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Osei Appiah
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yangyunyi Dong
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jufu Xiang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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15
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Al-Mutary MG, Al-Ghadi MQ, Ammari AA, Al-Himadi AR, Al-Jolimeed AH, Arafah MW, Amran RA, Aleissa MS, Swelum AAA. Effect of different concentrations of resveratrol on the quality and in vitro fertilizing ability of ram semen stored at 5 °C for up to 168 h. Theriogenology 2020; 152:139-146. [PMID: 32408027 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of resveratrol on head morphology, motility characteristics, oxidative state and in vitro fertility of cooled ram spermatozoa. Pooled semen from three Najdi rams was diluted with Triladyl® having different concentrations of resveratrol, zero (control), 200 μM (45.65 μg/mL) and 400 μM (91.30 μg/mL) resveratrol, then stored at 5 °C for 168 h. The head morphometric, sperm kinematic parameters, Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in vitro fertilizing capability of ram spermatozoa were evaluated after 24, 72, 120 and 168 h of cooling storage. The total motility (TM) of the sperm with resveratrol at 200 μM and 400 μM was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than that in the control group at 72 and 120 h of cooling storage. On the other hand, the progressive motility (PM) of the sperm with resveratrol at 200 μM and 400 μM was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than that in the control group at 168 h of cooling storage period. After 168 h of cooling storage, significantly higher straightness (STR) was observed in 400 μM group than two other groups and in 200 μM group than the control group. Both resveratrol groups had higher linearity (LIN) than control one at 120 and 168 h of cooling storage. The length, width and area of sperm head were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in the control compared to the other treatment groups after 120 and 168 h of storage. There was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in the two resveratrol groups compared with the control one over the seven days of cooling storage and the same result was found in the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration at 24, 72, and 168 h of storage. There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the 400 μM resveratrol group than that in two other groups over the seven days of storage period. Cleavage and blastocyst rates following in vitro fertilization were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in 400 μM resveratrol than other groups at 72 h for cooling storage period. In conclusion, addition of resveratrol in the extender can protect sperm head morphology, improve kinematic parameters and in vitro fertility, and reduce oxidative stress of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen G Al-Mutary
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam, 14513, Saudi Arabia; Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman A Ammari
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - Ahmed R Al-Himadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed W Arafah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A Amran
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Yemen
| | - Mohammed S Aleissa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Alvarez M, Anel-Lopez L, Boixo JC, Chamorro C, Neila-Montero M, Montes-Garrido R, de Paz P, Anel L. Current challenges in sheep artificial insemination: A particular insight. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 54 Suppl 4:32-40. [PMID: 31625241 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ovine artificial insemination (OAI) is not commonly performed because of specific problems related to semen application techniques, leading to highly variable results. The ideal methodology (frozen-thawed semen/vaginal route) is unfeasible under field conditions due to the cervix morphology of the ewe, which prevents the process of intrauterine insemination necessary to obtain acceptable results. Currently, OAI commercial programmes use superficial cervical insemination, CAI (vaginal), with chilled semen (15°C) and intrauterine insemination, LAI (laparoscopic), with frozen-thawed semen. The ability to improve upon these contrasting techniques may be derived from examining certain poorly studied factors such as insemination time, productive state of females and alternatives of seminal preservation, some of which we reviewed in this work. This interim solution will remain in use until AI by the vaginal route with frozen-thawed semen is developed, but it poses new challenges in optimizing the freezing of the sperm and adapting the cervical (CAI) and/or transcervical intrauterine AI (TCAI). In this review, we address the current problems and evaluate their methodological (mechanical) and chemical (dilation) alternatives. Currently, TCAI is a methodologically complex technique with poor fertility results, so further studies are needed to improve the logistics of this procedure and the results of its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alvarez
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Luis Anel-Lopez
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | | | - Cesar Chamorro
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Marta Neila-Montero
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Rafael Montes-Garrido
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Paulino de Paz
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Luis Anel
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Veterinary Anatomy, University of Leon, Leon, Spain
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17
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Paul RK, Balaganur K, Kumar D, Singh R. Mimicking the cauda epididymal plasma-like osmolality in extender improves liquid preservation of ram semen at 3-5°C. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2019; 65:474-482. [PMID: 31339369 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1642416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cauda epididymis in mammals is known to store mature sperm largely in quiescent state for several weeks without significantly affecting fertility. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mimicking cauda epididymal plasma (CEP)-like conditions in extender on liquid preservation of ram semen at 3-5°C. Four experiments were conducted in this study: (1) evaluation of physicochemical properties of ram CEP, (2) effect of hyperosmotic solution on sperm motility and functional membrane integrity (FMI), and the effects of (3) CEP-like hyperosmolality (390 vs. 360 mOsmol/kg) and (4) pH in extender (pH 6.5 vs. 6.8) on liquid preservation of ram semen. Sperm treatment with hyperosmotic solution (450 mOsmol/kg) resulted in a decline (P < 0.05) in mass motility (3.5 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2) and FMI (30.4 ± 3.2 vs. 52.1 ± 2.1%) compared to that with isoosmotic solution (360 mOsmol/kg). Overall, sperm viability, acrosomal integrity, and progressive motility were similar (P > 0.05) while straight-line velocity (77.8 ± 3.1 vs. 71.3 ± 2.7µm/s), linearity (47.4 ± 0.4 vs. 39.5 ± 0.9%), straightness (79.7 ± 0.5 vs. 74.0 ± 0.5%) and beat cross frequency (28.6 ± 0.8 vs. 26.0 ± 0.5 Hz) were higher (P < 0.05) and FMI (65.7 ± 1.5 vs. 75.4 ± 1.1%) was lower (P < 0.05) following liquid-preservation in hyperosmotic extender compared to that in isoosmotic extender. Both total motility (83.3 ± 1.8 vs. 75.4 ± 1.5%) and progressive motility (51.7 ± 2.3 vs. 39.5 ± 1.9%) were higher (P < 0.05) at 48 h of storage in hyperosmotic extender compared to the control. Overall, the seminal attributes were similar (P > 0.05) between the two pH's of the extender. In conclusion, semen extender having CEP-like osmolality but not the pH was superior to extenders having conventional osmolality and pH for liquid preservation of ram semen.Abbreviations: AI: artificial insemination; ALH: amplitude of lateral head displacement; BCF: beat cross frequency; CASA: computer-assisted semen analyzer; CEP: cauda epididymal plasma; ELON: elongation; EYTF: egg yolk-Tris-citrate-fructose; FMI: functional membrane integrity; GLM: general linear model; GPC: glycerophosphatidylcholine; HOS: hypoosmotic swelling; LIN: linearity; pHe: external pH; PROG: progressive motility; S.E.M.: standard error of the mean; SLTF: soya lecithin-Tris-fructose extender; SP: seminal plasma; STR: straightness; VAP: average path velocity; VCL: curvilinear velocity; VSL: straight-line velocity; TM: total motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kumar Paul
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - Krishnappa Balaganur
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - Davendra Kumar
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - Raghvendar Singh
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Jaipur, India
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Effects of supplementation of Tris-egg yolk extender with royal jelly on chilled and frozen-thawed ram semen characteristics. Cryobiology 2019; 88:75-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Barros CH, Machado WM, Vieira RL, Allaman IB, Nogueira-Filho SL, Bittencourt RF, Snoeck PP. Use of the ACP® and BTS extenders for cooling at 15°C white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) semen. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Knowledge about reproduction of white-lipped peccary is of great importance to assist with the conservation of this species and enable its rational use in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ACP-103®, ACP-116® and BTS semen extenders on sperm viability during cooling of Tayassu pecari semen. Five ejaculates from four adult males were chilled. The animals were submitted to the protocols of sedation and anesthesia for semen collection by the electroejaculation method. After collection, the semen was macro- and microscopically assessed and diluted to reach 35x106 spermatozoa/mL in each of the three different extenders tested. The fresh-extended semen was packed in a BotuFLEX® thermal box to keep samples at 15°C for 24 hours. After cooling, the following semen parameters were analyzed: sperm motility, functional and structural integrity of sperm membranes, mitochondrial activity, chromatin condensation, and the thermoresistance test was performed. The parameters sperm motility, structural and functional integrity of sperm membranes, mitochondrial activity, and chromatin condensation were preserved after use of the extenders tested, and were similar to those of in natura semen (p>0.05). Curvilinear velocity (VCL) (p<0.05) was the only parameter with reduced values after cooling regardless of the extender used. The percentage of sperm with normal morphology was greater in samples cooled using the BTS extender (p<0.05). The ACP-103®, ACP-116® and BTS extenders can be used for the cooling and preservation of white-lipped peccary semen at 15°C for 24 hours.
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Galarza DA, Ladrón de Guevara M, Beltrán-Breña P, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Rizos D, López-Sebastián A, Santiago-Moreno J. Influence of sperm filtration and the addition of glycerol to UHT skimmed milk- and TEST-based extenders on the quality and fertilizing capacity of chilled ram sperm. Theriogenology 2019; 133:29-37. [PMID: 31055159 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The poor fertility of ram semen stored chilled for long periods has encouraged the development of protocols designed to improve the kinetic vigour and cervical barrier-crossing capacity of sperm. The present work evaluated the effect of sperm selection with Sephadex filtration and the supplementation of 2% glycerol (GLY) to extenders based on ultra-heat-treated skimmed milk (UHT) or Tris-Tes-Glucose (TEST) on ram sperm kinetic parameters, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial function and fertilizing ability, over long chilling times. The results showed that for non-filtered semen, values for progressive sperm motility (%PSM), straight line velocity (VSL, μm/s) and the percentage of sperm with an intact plasma membrane/intact acrosome/a high mitochondrial function index (%IPIAHM) at all times up to 96 h of chilling were higher when the UHT extender (P < 0.01) was used compared to TEST extender irrespective of the presence of GLY. When semen was previously filtered with Sephadex, the addition of GLY to the UHT extender improved total motility (%TM), the %PSM and the VSL at 96 h compared to all other treatments (P < 0.01). The best results of all were obtained with non-filtered semen and UHT either with or without GLY. Heterologous IVF using zona-intact bovine oocytes was used to assess the fertilizing capacity of non-filtered fresh (FS0), chilled-for-24 h (CS24) or chilled-for-48 h (CS48) ram semen diluted in UHT extender (GLY-free). Heterologous IVF showed that ram sperm, either FS0, CS24 or CS48, were equally capable of penetrating zona pellucida intact bovine oocytes, leading to pronuclear formation and hybrid embryo cleavage (46.3 ± 3.2; 48.8 ± 3.2; and 43.3 ± 3.5, respectively). No differences were seen with respect to fresh sperm in terms of sperm binding, penetration, polyspermy, pronucleus formation or cleavage rates (P > 0.05). In conclusion, neither Sephadex filtration nor addition of glycerol provided extra benefits to ram sperm chilled up to 96 h. Chilled, non-filtered sperm extended with UHT without GLY showed better sperm functionality than did similar sperm extended with TEST extenders. Indeed, sperm diluted in UHT extender, maintained fertilizing ability up to 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Galarza
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, EC010205, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - P Beltrán-Breña
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, UCM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - D Rizos
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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HASHEMI MAJID, SAFDARIAN MAZAHER, HASHEMI SEYEDMOHAMMADREZA. Effect of extender type and cold storage of fresh semen on reproductive indices of Karakul ewe following fixed time artificial insemination. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i11.85028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Semen quantity and quality are affected by transportation and frequent semen collection in ram when they are transported from nucleus flock to target farms for in situ artificial insemination (AI) of ewes with fresh semen. The current study was designed to introduce the best method of fresh semen preservation for fixed time AI in Karakul sheep. The adult Karakul ewes were allocated to 6 groups (30 ewes in each group) during the breeding season and each group was inseminated with one of the following treatments, viz. fresh semen without extender, fresh semen diluted with Tris-egg yolk or milk, cooled semen (stored at 10°C for 8 h) without extender, and cooled semen diluted with Tris-egg yolk or milk. Lambing and fecundity rates were the highest when ewe was inseminated with undiluted fresh semen (71.42 and 85.71%, respectively). These reproductive indices in ewes, which were inseminated with diluted fresh semen or undiluted cooled semen were significantly lower than those recorded in inseminated ewes with undiluted fresh semen. The type of extender and storage of diluted semen at 10°C for 8 h did not significantly affect lambing rate of Karakul ewe. Results suggested that use of undiluted fresh semen and diluted fresh semen in milk or Tris-egg yolk extenders are preferable for fixed time AI in ewes of genetic improvement center and Karakul sheep flocks located near to this center, respectively.
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Gavin-Plagne L, Commin L, Bruyère P, Buff S, Joly T. Comparison Between an Animal-Derived Product Medium and a Chemically Defined Medium for Ram Sperm Cryopreservation. Biopreserv Biobank 2018; 17:11-17. [PMID: 30325650 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2018.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal-derived products are widely used in sperm cryopreservation for their cryoprotective properties. These components, however, tend to be replaced because of sanitary risks. STEMALPHA.CRYO3 (Ref. 5617; Stem Alpha, Saint-Genis-l'Argentière, France), called "CRYO3," is a chemically defined preservation medium currently used for freezing human tissue and adult stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a CRYO3-based medium on ram sperm freezing regarding in vitro parameters and in vivo fertility. Semen from nine Charolais rams was collected using an artificial vagina, then split and frozen using two media: a CRYO3-based medium or a control medium containing egg yolk (10%) and milk (45%). Sperm membrane integrity (propidium iodide [PI]/SYBR-14 and calcein AM/ethidium homodimer-1), acrosome integrity (FITC-PNA/PI), and mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) were assessed using flow cytometry, while functional membrane integrity was assessed using a hypo-osmotic swelling test and motility parameters, evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Pregnancy rates, prolificacy, and the average daily weight gain (DWG) of lambs were evaluated after performing 195 laparoscopic inseminations. The control medium showed significantly higher results than CRYO-based medium for all in vitro parameters, except for linearity and straightness (motions parameters). Conversely, field trials showed no significant difference between the control medium and the CRYO3-based medium for pregnancy rates (72.2% and 67.9%, respectively), prolificacy (1.8 and 1.6, respectively), and the DWG (0.34 and 0.35 kg/d, respectively). This preliminary study showed that CRYO3 cannot replace egg yolk and milk in freezing extenders for commercial purposes. However, as laparoscopic inseminations allowed a 67% pregnancy rate, CRYO3-based medium remains an option for international transport or long-term storage of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gavin-Plagne
- 1 UPSP ICE 2016.A104, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Loris Commin
- 1 UPSP ICE 2016.A104, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Pierre Bruyère
- 1 UPSP ICE 2016.A104, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Samuel Buff
- 1 UPSP ICE 2016.A104, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- 2 UPSP ICE 2016.A104, ISARA-Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Paul RK, Balaganur K, Kumar D, Naqvi SMK. Modulation of seminal plasma content in extended semen improves the quality attributes of ram spermatozoa following liquid preservation at 3-5°C. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:1200-1210. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani K. Paul
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry; ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute; Avikanagar Rajasthan India
| | - Krishnappa Balaganur
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry; ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute; Avikanagar Rajasthan India
| | - Davendra Kumar
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry; ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute; Avikanagar Rajasthan India
| | - Syed M. K. Naqvi
- Semen Cryobiology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry; ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute; Avikanagar Rajasthan India
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Falchi L, Galleri G, Dore GM, Zedda MT, Pau S, Bogliolo L, Ariu F, Pinna A, Nieddu S, Innocenzi P, Ledda S. Effect of exposure to CeO 2 nanoparticles on ram spermatozoa during storage at 4 °C for 96 hours. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:19. [PMID: 29510737 PMCID: PMC5840694 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are able to store and release oxygen, conferring them scavenger activity against oxidative stress. However, their effects in reproductive systems are not yet well understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exposure of refrigerated ram semen to CeO2 NPs for 96 h on the main structural and kinematic parameters of spermatozoa. METHODS The ejaculates of 5 Sarda rams were collected, pooled and diluted in a soybean lecithin extender. Samples were exposed to increasing doses of CeO2 NPs (0, 44 and 220 μg/mL) and stored at 4 °C for 96 h. Analyses of kinematic parameters (computer assisted sperm analysis, CASA), integrity of membranes (PI/PSA staining), ROS production (H2DCFDA staining) and DNA damage (sperm chromatin structure assay with acridine orange, SCSA) were performed every 24 h (0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation). The experiment was carried out in 6 replicates. Data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni's as post hoc test. When the assumption of normality was not met (ROS), non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis rank test was carried out. RESULTS Exposure of ram spermatozoa to increasing doses of CeO2 NPs had a beneficial effect on the main motility parameters from 48 h of incubation onward. Velocity of sperm cells was enhanced in the groups exposed to CeO2 NPs compared to the control. Incubation with NPs had beneficial effects on the integrity of plasma membranes of spermatozoa, with higher percentage of damaged cells in the control group compared to the exposed ones. Production of ROS was not affected by exposure to NPs and its levels rose at 96 h of incubation. The integrity of DNA remained stable throughout the 96 h of storage regardless of co-incubation with NPs. CONCLUSIONS We reported beneficial effects of CeO2 NPs on kinematic and morphologic parameters of ram semen, such as motility and membrane integrity following 96 h of exposure. Furthermore, we also proved no genotoxic effects of CeO2 NPs. These effects could not be related to an antioxidant activity of CeO2 NPs, since ROS levels in exposed cells were similar to those of unexposed ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Falchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Zedda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pau
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luisa Bogliolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Federica Ariu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pinna
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Stefano Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Plinio Innocenzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Ledda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Falchi L, Galleri G, Zedda M, Pau S, Bogliolo L, Ariu F, Ledda S. Liquid storage of ram semen for 96 h: Effects on kinematic parameters, membranes and DNA integrity, and ROS production. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Taghilou P, Rostami B, Masoumi R, Mirzaei-Alamouti H. Effects of supplementation of the Tris-egg yolk extender with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on frozen-thawed ram semen characteristics. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paul RK, Kumar D, Naqvi S. Antioxidants protect proteins' anchorage to the bilayer by improving plasma membrane integrity of ram spermatozoa during liquid preservation in a soya lecithin-based diluent. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:1052-1060. [PMID: 28741693 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are known to prevent the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated peroxidative damage to the membrane lipids during hypothermic storage of mammalian spermatozoa. We hypothesized here that ROS also affect the lipid-protein interactions, thereby diminishing the membrane's integrity and proteins' anchorage to the bilayer. Antioxidants prevent these damages by scavenging the ROS. Ejaculates from Patanwadi rams were pooled after subjective evaluation and centrifuged using Percoll® . Sperm pellet was resuspended in soya lecithin-Tris-fructose diluent (400 × 106 cells/ml) containing either antioxidants (100 IU/ml catalase + 10 mM reduced glutathione) or no antioxidant. Aliquots were chilled to 5°C in a cabinet and stored in a refrigerator at 3-5°C for 72 hr. Sperm motility, viability, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) were performed at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr. Sperm proteins extracted with 0.5% Triton X-100 were resolved by SDS-PAGE and quantified using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, USA). The rapid motility, linearity and straight-line velocity (VSL) were found significantly (p < .05) higher in the antioxidant-treated group compared to the control at 48 hr of storage. Sperm viability was found comparable between the groups. Higher HOST response and lower LPO were found in the antioxidant-treated sample compared to the control both at 48 and at 72 hr. Overall, the proteins P1 (106.09 kDa), P2 (87.00 kDa) and P4 (51.14 kDa) were lower (p < .05) in the sperm extract of antioxidant-treated group compared to the control. The content of P4 (51.14 kDa) in sperm extract was found to increase (p < .05) earlier (48 vs. 72 hr) in the control group compared to the antioxidant-treated group. Altogether, the results suggested that antioxidants reduced LPO in spermatozoa, resulting in higher sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and protection of proteins' anchorage to the plasma membrane at 48 and 72 hr of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Paul
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Rajasthan, India
| | - D Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smk Naqvi
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Rajasthan, India
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Arando A, Gonzalez A, Delgado J, Arrebola F, Perez-Marín C. Storage temperature and sucrose concentrations affect ram sperm quality after vitrification. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 181:175-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Allai L, Druart X, Louanjli N, Contell J, Nasser B, El Amiri B. Improvements of ram semen quality using cactus seed oil during liquid preservation in Tris egg yolk and skim milk based extenders. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vichas L, Tsakmakidis IA, Vafiadis D, Tsousis G, Malama E, Boscos CM. The effect of antioxidant agents’ addition and freezing method on quality parameters of frozen thawed ram semen. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 19:113-121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dziekońska A, Kinder M, Fraser L, Strzeżek J, Kordan W. Metabolic Activity of Boar Semen Stored in Different Extenders Supplemented with Ostrich Egg Yolk Lipoproteins. J Vet Res 2017; 61:127-133. [PMID: 29978064 PMCID: PMC5894413 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipoprotein fraction isolated from ostrich egg yolk (LPFo) on the metabolic activity of boar spermatozoa following liquid semen storage in different extenders and temperatures. Material and Methods Boar ejaculates were extended in Androhep, Beltsville thawing solution (BTS), and Martín-Rillo and Alias (MR-A) without (control) or with the addition of LPFo and stored for three days at either 5°C or 16°C. The analysed sperm parameters included total motility (TMOT), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxygen consumption, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Results The sperm metabolic activity seemed to be higher in the LPFo-based extenders following storage for three days, irrespective of the storage temperature. Compared with the LPFo-free extenders, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sperm PMI and MMP were observed in BTS and MR-A extenders supplemented with LPFo during storage for three days at 5°C. Spermatozoa stored in the BTS-LPFo extender exhibited higher (P < 0.05) TMOT and oxygen consumption, whereas higher (P < 0.05) PMI was observed in spermatozoa stored in Androhep-LPFo and MR-A-LPFo for three days at 16°C. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in ATP content were observed between the LPFo-free and LPFo-based extenders during storage. Conclusions Supplementation of LPFo to semen extenders had varying effects on the metabolic activity of boar spermatozoa stored at different temperatures. It can be suggested that the interactions of various components of the extenders and seminal plasma with LPFo exert beneficial effects on the sperm metabolic activity during liquid storage of boar semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dziekońska
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Kinder
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leyland Fraser
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Strzeżek
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Władysław Kordan
- Department of Animal Biochemistry and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Seifi-Jamadi A, Ahmad E, Ansari M, Kohram H. Antioxidant effect of quercetin in an extender containing DMA or glycerol on freezing capacity of goat semen. Cryobiology 2017; 75:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Allai L, Druart X, Öztürk M, BenMoula A, Nasser B, El Amiri B. Protective effects of Opuntia ficus-indica extract on ram sperm quality, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation during liquid storage. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 175:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kinetin improves motility, viability and antioxidative parameters of ram semen during storage at refrigerator temperature. Cell Tissue Bank 2016; 19:97-111. [PMID: 27888380 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-016-9604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of kinetin on ram semen quality during cold storage. Ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina from five Qezel rams. Ejaculates which met the criteria (volume of 0.75-2 ml; minimum spermatozoa concentration of 2.5 × 109 spermatozoa/ml and forward progressive motility of 80%), were pooled, diluted with extender without kinetin (control) or enriched with 25 (K 25), 50 (K 50), 100 (K 100) and 200 (K 200) μM kinetin at a final concentration of 500 × 106 spermatozoa per mL. Spermatozoa motion characteristics were evaluated by computer-assisted sperm analysis. In addition, percent of viability (spermatozoa showing no color was considered to be alive) and spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane (spermatozoa with curled/swollen tail was considered healthy) were determined. Moreover, amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined in the seminal plasma and spermatozoa at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of storage. Higher percent of total and forward progressive motility was observed in K 25, K 50 and K 100 groups compared to control group at 72 h of storage (P < 0.001). Moreover, K 25 (78.61 ± 1.11%), K 50 (82.46 ± 1.08%) and K 100 (82.96 ± 1.49%) groups showed higher percentage of viability compared to control (72.38 ± 1.49%) at 72 h of storage (P < 0.05). Semen enrichment with kinetin resulted in the higher percent of intact plasma membrane of spermatozoa at 48 and 72 h (P < 0.001). Amounts of MDA were lower and amounts of AOA were higher in K 50 and K 100 groups compared to control at 48 and 72 h (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in NO levels and SOD activities of seminal plasma and spermatozoa among groups during the experiment. The present experiment revealed that kinetin at proper concentration could enhances spermatozoa kinematics, viability, spermatozoa plasma membrane functionality and amounts of AOA and reduces the level of lipid peroxidation during chilled storage of ram semen.
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Jarosz Ł, Grądzki Z, Kalinowski M, Laskowska E. Quality of fresh and chilled-stored raccoon dog semen and its impact on artificial insemination efficiency. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:224. [PMID: 27724853 PMCID: PMC5057461 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of fresh raccoon dog semen and raccoon dog semen stored at 4 °C. The qualitative evaluation was based on apoptosis in the sperm cells, which was tested by the Annexin V/Pi assay, the TUNEL method and JC-1. In addition, the suitability of the semen for insemination and its effect on reproduction in females were determined in relation to the time of storage. Results During cold storage of the semen, in the samples from all groups a gradual decrease was noted in the percentage of live cells, and an increase in the percentage of cells with abnormal morphology, exhibiting changes typical of late-stage apoptosis (V+/PI+), and of necrotic cells (V−/PI+). There was a significant increase in the percentage of ApoBrDu + sperm cells, while the mitochondrial membrane potential of the sperm decreased significantly after 12 h of storage at 4 °C in the case of lower-quality semen and after 48 h in the case of semen of good quality. As the percentage of sperm with DNA and cell membrane damage increased and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, there was an increase in AspAT and acrosin activity. The increase in the percentage of apoptotic sperm in the raccoon dog semen stored at 4 °C resulted in a decrease in the number of females with cubs. Conclusions Identification of apoptotic changes in sperm by flow cytometry using the annexin assay, the TUNEL assay and evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential can be recommended for determination of the suitability of raccoon dog semen for artificial insemination. The study shows that fresh raccoon dog semen should not be used for insemination more than 48 h after collection in the case of semen of very high quality, or after more than 24 h in the case of semen of poorer quality. Cytometric methods of semen analysis should also be used to evaluate various extenders of raccoon dog semen and methods of cryopreservation in terms of ensuring sperm viability, fertilization capacity, and suitability for insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Jarosz
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Zbigniew Grądzki
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalinowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
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Wu GQ, Lv CR, Jiang YT, Wang SY, Shao QY, Hong QH, Quan GB. The Replacement of Monosaccharide by Mannitol or Sorbitol in the Freezing Extender Enhances Cryosurvival of Ram Spermatozoa. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:357-366. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2015.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Quan Wu
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Chun Rong Lv
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Yan Ting Jiang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Si Yu Wang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Qing Yong Shao
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Qiong Hua Hong
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
| | - Guo Bo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Kunming City, China
- Yunnan Provincial Meat Caprine Engineering Research Center, Kunming City, China
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Quan GB, Wu GQ, Wang YJ, Li DJ, Ma Y, Hong QH. Effects of the Tris, Tes, or skim milk based extender on in vitro parameters of ram spermatozoa during liquid storage. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Relationship of blood and seminal plasma ceruloplasmin, copper, iron and cadmium concentrations with sperm quality in Merino rams. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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López-Urueña E, Alvarez M, Gomes-Alves S, Anel-López L, Martínez-Rodríguez C, Manrique P, Borragan S, Anel L, de Paz P. Optimization of conditions for long-term prefreezing storage of brown bear sperm before cryopreservation. Theriogenology 2015; 84:1161-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Effect of argan oil on liquid storage of ram semen in Tris or skim milk based extenders. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 160:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Sericin supplementation improves semen freezability of buffalo bulls by minimizing oxidative stress during cryopreservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 152:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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42
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Johinke D, de Graaf S, Bathgate R. Investigation of in vitro parameters and in vivo fertility of rabbit spermatozoa after chilled storage. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 147:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Sperm fertility and viability following 48h of refrigeration: Evaluation of different extenders for the preservation of bull semen in liquid state. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 146:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Khalifa T, Lymberopoulos A. Changeability of sperm chromatin structure during liquid storage of ovine semen in milk-egg yolk- and soybean lecithin-based extenders and their relationships to field-fertility. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 14:687-98. [PMID: 23288451 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of semen extender on sperm chromatin structure and to correlate chromatin integrity with field-fertility of preserved ram semen. Ejaculates of at least 2 × 10(9) sperm/ml and 70 % progressive motility were collected using an artificial vagina from Chios rams (n = 11, 4-6 years old), split-diluted to 1 × 10(9) sperm/ml with milk-egg yolk- and soybean lecithin (Ovixcell®)-based extenders, packaged in 0.5-ml straws and examined after 6, 24 and 48 h of storage at 5 ± 1 °C. Evaluation endpoints were computer-assisted sperm motion analysis, fluorescence-based analysis of chromatin structure by chromomycin A3 and acridine orange assays, and 65-day pregnancy rate (PR) of 34- to 36-h preserved semen after intra-cervical insemination of ewes (n = 154) in progestagen-synchronized estrus. Neither extender nor storage time had any influence on incidence of decondensed chromatin. Unlike Ovixcell® extender, deterioration of sperm motility (P < 0.01) and chromatin stability (P < 0.005) was detected after 48 h of storage in milk-egg yolk extender. Sperm motility accounted for 14.4-18.5 % of variations in chromatin integrity (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in PR of Ovixcell®- and milk-egg yolk-stored semen. Nevertheless, PR differed between rams (14.3-71.4 %; P < 0.025). Chromatin integrity explained 10.2-56.3 % of variations in PR (P < 0.05-0.01). A pronounced decline in PR (19.1 %) was observed when percentages of decondensed and destabilized chromatin have reached thresholds of 10.5-30 % and 4-9 %, respectively. In conclusion, Ovixcell® is superior to milk-egg yolk extender in preserving chromatin stability and motility. Chromatin defects are negatively associated with sperm fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Khalifa
- EquiBiotech Inc-Research Services in Farm Animal Breeding, 19 Gravias street, 54645, Thessaloniki, Greece,
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Villagrán M, Ungerfeld R. Permanent contact with females increases testosterone and improves fresh semen traits in pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 143:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Roostaei-Ali Mehr M, Chambary B, Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N. Effect of different diluents and storage time on field fertility of cooled ram semen after vaginal insemination. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Rakha BA, Hussain I, Akhter S, Ullah N, Andrabi SM, Ansari MS. Evaluation of Tris–citric acid, skim milk and sodium citrate extenders for liquid storage of Punjab Urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) spermatozoa. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:238-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hegedűšová Z, Štolc L, Louda F, Čunát L, Vejnar J. Effect of different extenders on ram sperm traits during storage. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201260060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Moradi A, Malekinejad H, Farrokhi-Ardabili F, Bernousi I. Royal Jelly improves the sperm parameters of ram semen during liquid storage and serves as an antioxidant source. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vásquez J, Núñez V, Florentini E, Gonzales J, Camargo L, Valdivia M. Effects of five cryoprotective agents on quality of sheep epididymal spermatozoa during pre-freezing. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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