1
|
Spanò V, Cantarella M, Zimbone M, Giuffrida F, Sfuncia G, Nicotra G, Alberti A, Scalese S, Vitiello L, Carroccio SC, Impellizzeri G. TiO 2-MoS 2-PMMA Nanocomposites for an Efficient Water Remediation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1200. [PMID: 38732669 PMCID: PMC11085880 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
An improvement of water supply and sanitation and better management of water resources, especially in terms of water reuse, is one of the priorities of the European Green Deal. In this context, it is crucial to find new strategies to recycle wastewater efficiently in a low-cost and eco-friendly manner. The immobilization of inorganic nanomaterials on polymeric matrices has been drawing a lot of attention in recent years due to the extraordinary properties characterizing the as-obtained nanocomposites. The hybrid materials, indeed, combine the properties of the polymers, such as flexibility, low cost, mechanical stability, high durability, and ease of availability, with the properties of the inorganic counterpart. In particular, if the inorganic fillers are nanostructured photocatalysts, the materials will be able to utilize the energy delivered by light to catalyze chemical reactions for efficient wastewater treatment. Additionally, with the anchoring of the nanomaterials to the polymers, the dispersion of the nanomaterials in the environment is prevented, thus overcoming one of the main limits that impede the application of nanostructured photocatalysts on a large scale. In this work, we will present nanocomposites made of polymers, i.e., polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and photocatalytic semiconductors, i.e., TiO2 nanoparticles (Evonik). MoS2 nanoflakes were also added as co-catalysts to improve the photocatalytic performance of the TiO2. The hybrid materials were prepared using the sonication and solution casting method. The nanocomposites were deeply characterized, and their remarkable photocatalytic abilities were evaluated by the degradation of two common water pollutants: methyl orange and diclofenac. The relevance of the obtained results will be discussed, opening the route for the application of these materials in photocatalysis and especially for novel wastewater remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Spanò
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (M.Z.); (F.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Maria Cantarella
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (M.Z.); (F.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Massimo Zimbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (M.Z.); (F.G.); (G.I.)
| | - Federico Giuffrida
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (M.Z.); (F.G.); (G.I.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sfuncia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n. 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Nicotra
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n. 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandra Alberti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n. 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvia Scalese
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n. 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (G.S.); (G.N.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Libera Vitiello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR-IPCB, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.V.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Sabrina Carola Carroccio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per i Polimeri Compositi e Biomateriali, CNR-IPCB, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (L.V.); (S.C.C.)
| | - Giuliana Impellizzeri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, CNR-IMM, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (M.Z.); (F.G.); (G.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oehl G, Naga N, Ziegmann G. Facile Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Silica Nanocomposite Monolith by In Situ Free Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16279-16287. [PMID: 38617630 PMCID: PMC11007790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Novel porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) silica nanocomposites have been produced by utilization of polymerization-induced phase separation in a simple one-pot approach. A facile free radical polymerization of MMA in the presence of surface methacrylate-functionalized silica nanoparticles was carried out in ethanol-based solvents, successfully producing novel, morphologically designable porous nanocomposite monoliths. Differing from standard free radical polymerization in solution, a mixture of good and poor solvents (ethanol/N,N-dimethylformamide ratio) for the resulting polymer was used to trigger spinodal phase separation. The influence of monomer concentration, as well as solvent composition, on the morphology of the resulting porous polymers has been investigated. Porous monolith structures composed of connected particles and co-continuous morphologies were observed under a scanning electron microscope depending on the polymerization conditions. The resulting polymers were insoluble and showed swelling characteristics in some organic solvents that are capable of dissolving regular PMMA, indicating covalent bonds between the functionalized silica nanoparticles and the polymer chains. The presence of silica particles in the final polymer was proven via an ATR-IR analysis. The glass transition temperature of the present PMMA-silica nanocomposite was higher than that of the conventional PMMA. The porous polymer immersed in a mixed organic solvent showed coloration induced by the Christiansen effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigori Oehl
- Clausthal
Centre for Material Technology, Clausthal
University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute
of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Naofumi Naga
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering and Graduate School of
Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute
of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Gerhard Ziegmann
- Clausthal
Centre for Material Technology, Clausthal
University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Zhang T, Zhang M, Zhang C, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Chen H, Wu Y, Zhang G. Preparation and thermal responsiveness of microencapsulated fluorinated liquids for automatic fire extinguishing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27454. [PMID: 38463842 PMCID: PMC10924043 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Most early-stage fires originating in small confined spaces may not be effectively mitigated by automatic fire-extinguishing systems. Leveraging the unique controlled release capability and barrier properties of microcapsules presents a promising avenue for developing multifunctional and intelligent fire-extinguishing agents tailored for early-stage fire suppression. This paper introduces two types of microcapsules that integrate automatic detection and fire extinguishing functions, utilizing fluorinated liquids specifically perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5 decafluoro-3-methoxy-4(trifluoromethyl)-pentane as core materials. The preparation process was optimized, and the thermal response of the microcapsules was evaluated by directly incorporating them into combustible materials. The results indicated a correlation between the preparation method, coating efficiency, and thermal stability of microcapsules with the core-wall materials. When the fluoride solution in the core material reaches the thermal response threshold temperature, the gas pressure generated during vaporization and phase change can break through the shell, enabling early active fire protection. Beyond a specific threshold of additive microcapsules in the material, the material exhibits self-extinguishing potential during combustion. In cases where the additive amount falls short of achieving self-extinguishing, the fire-resistant performance of materials can be enhanced through various measures. For instance, reducing the amount of fire-extinguishing agents, delaying the ignition time of fuel, and lowering the heat release rate during combustion are effective strategies. Moreover, the degree of improvement is related to the additional amount and the type of core-wall materials. The thermal-response mechanism of microcapsules constitutes a comprehensive mechanism with physical and chemical effects. The finding of this research offer a new technical approach for microencapsulating high-boiling-point gas extinguishing agents, facilitating intelligent and precise prevention of early fires resulting from combustible materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Emergency Rescue Technology, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Emergency Rescue Technology, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fire and Emergency Rescue, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang, 065201, Hebei, China
| | - Cunwei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Emergency Rescue Technology, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fire and Emergency Rescue, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Zidong Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Emergency Rescue Technology, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fire and Emergency Rescue, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Yuhai Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Emergency Rescue Technology, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Guangzhou Liurui Firefighting Technology Co.,Ltd., Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunchen Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fire and Emergency Rescue, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Guiyun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Fire and Emergency Rescue, China People’s Police University, Langfang, 065000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gkaliou K, Benedini L, Sárossy Z, Dalsgaard Jensen C, Henriksen UB, Daugaard AE. Recycled PMMA prepared directly from crude MMA obtained from thermal depolymerization of mixed PMMA waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:191-199. [PMID: 37059043 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recycled PMMA was prepared by directly polymerizing crude pyrolysis oils from lab-scale pyrolysis of collected industrial waste PMMA. The pyrolysis oils consisted mainly of methyl methacrylate (MMA, >85%), while the type and number of by-products from the thermal process were assigned through GC-MS analysis showing a clear correlation to the pyrolysis temperature. By-products can be removed by distillation; however, directly employing the crude oils to prepare PMMA through solution, suspension, emulsion, or casting polymerization was investigated to assess the potential for omitting this costly step. It was found that the crude pyrolysis oils could be polymerized efficiently via solution, emulsion, and casting polymerization to produce a polymer similar to the PMMA prepared from a pristine monomer. The impurities in the PMMAs prepared from the crude mixtures were investigated by extraction analyses followed by screening by GC-MS. In the case of casting polymerization, the GC-MS analysis, as expected, revealed various residual by-products, while solution and emulsion polymerization showed only very few impurities, mainly originating from the polymerization and not the feed material. Additional purification of the crude pyrolysis oils would be required for applications in casting polymerization. In contrast, direct polymerization by emulsion or solution polymerization is considered applicable for producing pristine PMMA from crude waste PMMA pyrolysis oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Gkaliou
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The Danish Polymer Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Lidia Benedini
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, CHEC Research Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Zsuzsa Sárossy
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, CHEC Research Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Claus Dalsgaard Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, CHEC Research Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Henriksen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, CHEC Research Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anders E Daugaard
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The Danish Polymer Centre, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guler E, Nur Hazar-Yavuz A, Tatar E, Morid Haidari M, Sinemcan Ozcan G, Duruksu G, Graça MPF, Kalaskar DM, Gunduz O, Emin Cam M. Oral empagliflozin-loaded tri-layer core-sheath fibers fabricated using tri-axial electrospinning: Enhanced in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic performance. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122716. [PMID: 36791999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EM) was successfully loaded in polycaprolactone/poly (L-lactic acid)/polymethyl methacrylate (PCL/PLA/PMMA) fibers. In the rat β-cell line (BRIN-BD11), the insulin expression ratio of pancreatic β-cells was stimulated at high and low glucose by culturing with tri-layer EM-loaded fiber (EMF) for 48 h. The expression ratios of glucokinase and GLUT-2 proteins increased after EMF treatment. According to the in vitro drug release test, 97% of all drug contained in fibers was released in a controlled manner for 24 h. The pharmacokinetic test revealed that the bioavailability was improved ∼4.8-fold with EMF treatment compared to EM-powder and blood glucose level was effectively controlled for 24 h with EMF. Oral administration of EMF exhibited a better sustainable anti-diabetic activity even in the half-dosage than EM-powder in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced T2DM rats. The levels of GLP-1, PPAR-γ, and insulin were increased while the levels of SGLT-2 and TNF-α were decreased with EMF treatment. Also, EMF recovered the histopathological changes in the liver, pancreas, and kidney in T2DM rats and protected pancreatic β-cells. Consequently, EMF is suggested as an unprecedented and promotive treatment approach for T2DM with a higher bioavailability and better antidiabetic effect compared to conventional dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Guler
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Ayse Nur Hazar-Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Esra Tatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Morid Haidari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Gul Sinemcan Ozcan
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Applied Center, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Duruksu
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Applied Center, Medical Faculty, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41380, Turkey
| | | | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey; Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Application and Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey; UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, UK; Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al Khulaifi RS, AlShehri MM, Al-Owais AA, Algarni TS, Saeed WS, Badjah-Hadj-Ahmed AY, Aouak T. New Method Based on the Direct Analysis in Real Time Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Investigate the Thermal Depolymerization of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030599. [PMID: 36771899 PMCID: PMC9919695 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the isothermal decomposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) synthesized in bulk by the radical route of methyl methacrylate in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator was carried out and monitored for the first time with the DART-Tof-MS technique at different temperatures. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis revealed a predominantly atactic microstructure, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis indicated a number average molecular weight of 3 × 105 g·mol-1 and a polydispersity index of 2.47 for this polymer. Non-isothermal decomposition of this polymer carried out with thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) showed that the weight loss process occurs in two steps. The first one starts at approximately 224 °C and the second at 320 °C. The isothermal decomposition of this polymer carried out and monitored with the DART-Tof-MS method revealed only one stage of weight loss in this process, which begins at approximately 250 °C, not far from that of the second step observed in the case of the non-isothermal process conducted with the TGA method. The results obtained with the MS part of this technique revealed that the isothermal decomposition of this polymer regenerates a significant part of methyl methacrylate monomer, which increases with temperature. This process involves radical chain reactions leading to homolytic chain scissions and leading to the formation of secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals, mainly regenerating methyl methacrylate monomer through an unzipping rearrangement. Although they are in the minority, other fragments, such as the isomers of 2-methyl carboxyl, 4-methyl, penta-2,4-diene and dimethyl carbate, are also among the products detected. At 200 °C, no trace of monomer was observed, which coincides with the first step of the weight loss observed in the TGA. These compounds are different to those reported by other researchers using TGA coupled with mass spectrometry in which methyl isobutyrate, traces of methyl pyruvate and 2,3-butanonedione were detected.
Collapse
|
7
|
Highly conductive gel polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries with hard carbon anodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
8
|
Yue X, Li G, Chen X, Li Z, Gu H, Chen H, Peng W. Nano Catalysis of Biofuels and Biochemicals from Cotinus coggygria Scop. Wood for Bio-Oil Raw Material. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4610. [PMID: 36365604 PMCID: PMC9659074 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. as a precious landscape shrub and a good afforestation species that is used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, TG-FTIR, TG-DTG, and Py-GC/MS were used to study the biomaterials of Cotinus coggygria used as biofuels and biochemicals under the catalysis of nano-Mo/Fe2O3. The wood powder was extracted using a methanol/benzene solution, and the extract was analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that the pyrolysis products of Cotinus coggygria wood were rich in phenols, alcohols, and biofuels. The metal nano-Mo powder played a catalytic role in the interpretation of the gas in the species, where it accelerates gas products. Metal nano-Fe2O3 has a certain flame-retardant effect on the burning process of Cotinus coggygria wood, and the residual amount of pyrolysis is greater. The contents of the extract Formamide, 1-Hexanol, Levodopa, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- are not only widely used industrially but also play an important role in medicine. Cotinus coggygria is therefore an excellent biomaterial for biofuels and biochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yue
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guanyan Li
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaolin Li
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis and characterization of new methacrylate copolymers having pendant chloroacetophenon; monomer reactivity ratio, thermal degradation kinetics and biological activity. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Liu Y, Li C, Fan S, Song X, Wan Z. The Effect of Annealing and Optical Radiation Treatment on Graphene Resonators. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2725. [PMID: 35957156 PMCID: PMC9370600 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene resonant sensors have shown strong competitiveness with respect to sensitivity and size. To advance the applications of graphene resonant sensors, the damage behaviors of graphene harmonic oscillators after thermal annealing and laser irradiation were investigated by morphology analysis and frequency domain vibration characteristics. The interface stress was proven to be the key factor that directly affected the yield of resonators. The resulting phenomenon could be improved by appropriately controlling the annealing temperature and size of resonators, thereby achieving membrane intactness of up to 96.4%. However, micro-cracks were found on the graphene sheets when continuous wave (CW) laser power was more than 4 mW. Moreover, the fluctuating light energy would also cause mechanical fatigue in addition to the photothermal effect, and the threshold damage power for the sinusoidally modulated laser was merely 2 mW. In this way, based on the amplitude-frequency surface morphology of the graphene resonator, the thermal time constant of the order of a few microseconds was confirmed to evaluate the damage of the graphene oscillator in situ and in real time, which could be further extended for those resonators using other 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Liu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shangchun Fan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuefeng Song
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Wan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eco-Friendly Silica Microcapsules with Improved Fragrance Retention. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcapsules are employed extensively in various applications; however, most are composed of synthetic plastics. Thus, substitution of their component materials is essential to prevent environmental problems associated with primary microplastics. Herein, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly silica core–shell microcapsules for fragrance retention. The silica shell was prepared via oil/water emulsion template synthesis using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), which was added to the immature silica microcapsules prior to complete formation of primary silica shells to promote seeded growth for further reaction of silica. The thickness of the silica shell increased from 42.29 to 70.03 nm, while the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and internal pore area decreased from 155.16 and 30.08 m2/g to 92.28 and 5.36 m2/g, respectively. The silica microcapsules with lower surface areas retained fragrance for more than 80 days, even in a harsh environment of 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate at 60 °C, whereas the fragrance compound in those without additional TEOS treatment was completely released within seven days. Practical qualitative evaluation of fragrance was also performed for application in fragrance delivery because of the enhanced long-term fragrance retention ability. Our findings show the widespread potential of microcapsules synthesized from eco-friendly materials in industrial applications.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tortolano L, Mrad O, Manerlax K, Khalfoun C, Yousfi R, Saunier J, Secretan P, Yagoubi N. Comparative stability of intraocular lenses during 2–20 years of artificial aging, potential effects in terms of biocompatibility. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Tortolano
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
- Department of Pharmacy Assistance Publique‐Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor Créteil France
| | - Omar Mrad
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Katia Manerlax
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Chaineze Khalfoun
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Rayane Yousfi
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Johanna Saunier
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | | | - Najet Yagoubi
- EA Matériaux et Santé Université Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuscer D, Kmet B, Drnovšek S, Bustillo J, Levassort F. Lead-Free Sodium Potassium Niobate-Based Multilayer Structures for Ultrasound Transducer Applications. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093223. [PMID: 35590911 PMCID: PMC9103309 DOI: 10.3390/s22093223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Thick films with nominal composition (K0.5Na0.5)0.99Sr0.005NbO3 (KNNSr) on porous ceramics with identical nominal composition were investigated as potential candidates for environmentally benign ultrasonic transducers composed entirely of inorganic materials. In this paper, the processing of the multilayer structure, namely, the thick film by screen printing and the porous ceramic by sacrificial template method, is related to their phase composition, microstructure, electromechanical, and acoustic properties to understand the performance of the devices. The ceramic with a homogeneous distribution of 8 μm pores had a sufficiently high attenuation coefficient of 0.5 dB/mm/MHz and served as an effective backing. The KNNSr thick films sintered at 1100 °C exhibited a homogeneous microstructure and a relative density of 97%, contributing to a large dielectric permittivity and elastic constant and yielding a thickness coupling factor kt of ~30%. The electroacoustic response of the multilayer structure in water provides a centre frequency of 15 MHz and a very large fractional bandwidth (BW) of 127% at -6 dB. The multilayer structure is a candidate for imaging applications operating above 15 MHz, especially by realising focused-beam structure through lenses to further increase the sensitivity in the focal zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danjela Kuscer
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1477-3489
| | - Brigita Kmet
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvo Drnovšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Julien Bustillo
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX 2, 37071 Tours, France; (J.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Franck Levassort
- GREMAN UMR 7347, Université de Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL, 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, CEDEX 2, 37071 Tours, France; (J.B.); (F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Garrison JB, Hughes RW, Sumerlin BS. Backbone Degradation of Polymethacrylates via Metal-Free Ambient-Temperature Photoinduced Single-Electron Transfer. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:441-446. [PMID: 35575327 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials comprised of all-carbon backbones are ubiquitous to modern society due to their low cost, impressive robustness, and unparalleled physical properties. It is well-known that these materials often persist long beyond their intended usage lifetime, resulting in environmental accumulation of plastic waste. A substantial barrier to the breakdown of these polymers is the relative chemical inertness of carbon-carbon bonds within their backbone. Herein, we describe a photocatalytic strategy for cleaving carbon-based polymer backbones. Inclusion of a low mole percent of a redox-active comonomer allows for a dramatic reduction in polymer molecular weight upon exposure to light. The N-(acyloxy)phthalimide comonomer, upon reception of an electron from a single-electron transfer (SET) donor, undergoes decarboxylation to yield a backbone-centered radical. Depending on the nature of this backbone radical, as well as the substitution on neighboring monomer repeat units, a β-scission pathway is thermodynamically favored, resulting in backbone cleavage. In this way, polymers with an all-carbon backbone may be degraded at ambient temperature under metal-free conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B. Garrison
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Rhys W. Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Process Analysis of PMMA-Based Dental Resins Residues Depolymerization: Optimization of Reaction Time and Temperature. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en15010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to optimize the recovery of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by depolymerization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dental resins fragments/residues. In order to pilot the experiments at technical scale, the PMMA dental resins scraps were submitted by thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG/DTA). The experiments were conducted at 345, 405, and 420 °C, atmospheric pressure, using a pilot scale reactor of 143 L. The liquid phase products obtained at 420 °C, atmospheric pressure, were subjected to fractional distillation using a pilot scale column at 105 °C. The physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index) of reaction liquid products, obtained at 345 °C, atmospheric pressure, were determined experimentally. The compositional analysis of reaction liquid products at 345 °C, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 110 min, at 405 °C, 50, 70, and 130 min, and at 420 °C, 40, 50, 80, 100, 110, and 130 min were determined by GC-MS. The morphology of PMMA dental resins fragments before and after depolymerization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The experiments show that liquid phase yields were 55.50%, 48.73%, and 48.20% (wt.), at 345, 405, and 420 °C, respectively, showing a first order exponential decay behavior, decreasing with increasing temperature, while that of gas phase were 31.69%, 36.60%, and 40.13% (wt.), respectively, showing a first order exponential growth, increasing with temperature. By comparing the density, kinematic viscosity, and refractive index of pure MMA at 20 °C with those of liquid reaction products after distillation, one may compute percent errors of 1.41, 2.83, and 0.14%, respectively. SEM analysis showed that all the polymeric material was carbonized. Oxygenated compounds including esters of carboxylic acids, alcohols, ketones, and aromatics were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the liquid products at 345, 405, and 420 °C, atmosphere pressure. By the depolymerization of PMMA dental resins scraps, concentrations of methyl methacrylate between 83.454 and 98.975% (area.) were achieved. For all the depolymerization experiments, liquid phases with MMA purities above 98% (area.) were obtained between the time interval of 30 and 80 min. However, after 100 min, a sharp decline in the concentrations of methyl methacrylate in the liquid phase was observed. The optimum operating conditions to achieve high MMA concentrations, as well as elevated yields of liquid reaction products were 345 °C and 80 min.
Collapse
|
16
|
Shen R, Yan TH, Ma R, Joseph E, Quan Y, Zhou HC, Wang Q. Flammability and Thermal Kinetic Analysis of UiO-66-Based PMMA Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234113. [PMID: 34883616 PMCID: PMC8659153 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as novel flame retardants for polymers, which, typically, can improve their thermal stability and flame retardancy. However, there is a lack of specific studies on the thermal decomposition kinetics of MOF-based polymer composites, although it is known that they are important for the modeling of flaming ignition, burning, and flame spread over them. The thermal decomposition mechanisms of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been well investigated, which makes PMMA an ideal polymer to evaluate how fillers affect its decomposition process and kinetics. Thus, in this study, UiO-66, a common type of MOF, was embedded into PMMA to form a composite. Based on the results from the microscale combustion calorimeter, the values of the apparent activation energy of PMMA/UiO-66 composites were calculated and compared against those of neat PMMA. Furthermore, under cone calorimeter tests, UiO-66, at only 1.5 wt%, can reduce the maximum burning intensity and average mass loss rate of PMMA by 14.3% and 12.4%, respectively. By combining UiO-66 and SiO2 to form a composite, it can contribute to forming a more compact protective layer, which shows a synergistic effect on reducing the maximum burning intensity and average mass loss rate of PMMA by 22.0% and 14.7%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Shen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tian-Hao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Singh P, Ullah Mirza A, Ahmad Bhat S, Kareem A, Nishat N. Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Thermal, Adsorption and Antioxidant Studies of Amino Functionalized Poly(methyl methacrylate)/Titanium dioxide Nanocomposites. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Růžičková J, Raclavská H, Šafář M, Kucbel M, Švédová B, Raclavský K, Juchelková D, Scala F, Kantor P. Environmental risks related to organic compounds from the combustion of paper briquettes in domestic boilers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126291. [PMID: 34116275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risks connected with the combustion of paper/cardboard briquettes are still not sufficiently known. This paper aims to bring attention to the risks related to the utilisation of paper briquettes in local boilers and to characterise these risks by means of the identification of organic compounds in deposits from exhaust flues. The identification of the chemical compounds was performed by pyrolysis gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Paper/cardboard briquettes contain 119 compounds of biogenic origin derived from major biomass components and 53 additives. Additives are used both for improving the properties of paper and in printing inks. By burning the paper briquettes, the same 53 compounds from the additive group were caught in the deposits from the flue gas pathway, occurring in the range of 1-10% of the concentration of individual compounds (additives) contained in the input fuel. Compounds that are very stable during the combustion process have an enrichment factor (EF) >30, which corresponded to approximately 3% of the additive capture in deposits. The highest values were found for plasticisers (phthalates). Many of the primary organic compounds contained in the input raw material do not decompose during combustion and can have adverse effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Růžičková
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Raclavská
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Šafář
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Kucbel
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Švédová
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Konstantin Raclavský
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Dagmar Juchelková
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| | - Fabrizio Scala
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pavel Kantor
- Centre ENET - Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mousa M, Bergenudd H, Kron AL, Malmström E. Biobased Lactones—Exploring Their Free-Radical Polymerization and Polymer Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mousa
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Bergenudd
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, Box
13000, Sundsvall SE-850 13, Sweden
| | - Anna Larsson Kron
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, Box
13000, Sundsvall SE-850 13, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Folino A, Triolo C, Petrovičová B, Pantò F, Zema DA, Santangelo S. Evaluation of Electrospun Self-Supporting Paper-Like Fibrous Membranes as Oil Sorbents. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:515. [PMID: 34357165 PMCID: PMC8306189 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Presently, adsorption/absorption is one of the most efficient and cost-effective methods to clean oil spill up. In this work, self-supporting paper-like fibrous membranes were prepared via electrospinning and carbonisation at different temperatures (500, 650 or 800 °C) by using polyacrylonitrile/polymethylmethacrylate blends with a different mass ratio of the two polymers (1:0, 6:1 or 2:1). After morphological and microstructural characterisation, the as-produced membranes were evaluated as sorbents by immersion in vegetable (sunflower seed or olive) and mineral (motor) oil or in 1:4 (v:v) oil/water mixture. Nitrogen-rich membrane carbonised at the lowest temperature behaves differently from the others, whose sorption capacity by immersion in oil, despite the great number of sorbent and oil properties involved, is mainly controlled by the fraction of micropores. The encapsulation of water nanodroplets by the oil occurring during the immersion in oil/water mixture causes the oil-from-water separation ability to show an opposite behaviour compared to the sorption capacity. Overall, among the investigated membranes, the support produced with 2:1 mass ratio of the polymers and carbonisation at 650 °C exhibits the best performance both in terms of sorption capacity (73.5, 54.8 and 12.5 g g-1 for olive, sunflower seed and motor oil, respectively) and oil-from-water separation ability (74, 69 and 16 for olive, sunflower seed and motor oil, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adele Folino
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Claudia Triolo
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranean University, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (C.T.); (B.P.)
| | - Beatrix Petrovičová
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranean University, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (C.T.); (B.P.)
| | - Fabiolo Pantò
- Institute of Advanced Technologies for Energy (ITAE), Italian National Research Council (CNR), I-98126 Messina, Italy;
| | - Demetrio A. Zema
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Saveria Santangelo
- Department of Civil, Energy, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICEAM), Mediterranean University, Località Feo di Vito, I-89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (C.T.); (B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chebil MS, Bouaoulo G, Gerard P, Euch SEL, Issard H, Richaud E. Oxidation and unzipping in ELIUM resin: Kinetic model for mass loss. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
22
|
Oliver-Ortega H, Geng S, Espinach FX, Oksman K, Vilaseca F. Bacterial Cellulose Network from Kombucha Fermentation Impregnated with Emulsion-Polymerized Poly(methyl methacrylate) to Form Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040664. [PMID: 33672280 PMCID: PMC7927133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bio-based residues is one of the key indicators towards sustainable development goals. In this work, bacterial cellulose, a residue from the fermentation of kombucha tea, was tested as a reinforcing nanofiber network in an emulsion-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The use of the nanofiber network is facilitating the formation of nanocomposites with well-dispersed nanofibers without using organic solvents or expensive methodologies. Moreover, the bacterial cellulose network structure can serve as a template for the emulsion polymerization of PMMA. The morphology, size, crystallinity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC) network were studied. The results showed that KBC nanofibril diameters were ranging between 20–40 nm and the KBC was highly crystalline, >90%. The 3D network was lightweight and porous material, having a density of only 0.014 g/cm3. Furthermore, the compressed KBC network had very good mechanical properties, the E-modulus was 8 GPa, and the tensile strength was 172 MPa. The prepared nanocomposites with a KBC concentration of 8 wt.% were translucent with uniform structure confirmed with scanning electron microscopy study, and furthermore, the KBC network was homogeneously impregnated with the PMMA matrix. The mechanical testing of the nanocomposite showed high stiffness compared to the neat PMMA. A simple simulation of the tensile strength was used to understand the limited strain and strength given by the bacterial cellulose network. The excellent properties of the final material demonstrate the capability of a residue of kombucha fermentation as an excellent nanofiber template for use in polymer nanocomposites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliver-Ortega
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, EPS. Ed. PI. C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Francesc Xavier Espinach
- Design, Development and Product Innovation, Department Organization, Business Management and Product Design, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Engineering Materials, Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 41296 Göteborg, Sweden;
- BIMATEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, EPS. Ed. PI. C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
A predictive film thickness model based on an accepted equation of state is applied to the spin-coating of sub-micron poly(methylmethacrylate) viscous thin films from toluene. Concentration effects on density and dynamic viscosity of the spin-coating solution are closely examined. The film thickness model is calibrated with a system-specific film drying rate and was observed to scale with the square root of spin speed. Process mapping is used to generate a three-dimensional design space for the control of film thickness.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao ZJ, Ahn J, Hwang SH, Ko J, Jeong Y, Bok M, Kang HJ, Choi J, Jeon S, Park I, Jeong JH. Large-Area Nanogap-Controlled 3D Nanoarchitectures Fabricated via Layer-by-Layer Nanoimprint. ACS NANO 2021; 15:503-514. [PMID: 33439612 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of large-area and flexible nanostructures currently presents various challenges related to the special requirements for 3D multilayer nanostructures, ultrasmall nanogaps, and size-controlled nanomeshes. To overcome these rigorous challenges, a simple method for fabricating wafer-scale, ultrasmall nanogaps on a flexible substrate using a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the substrate and by layer-by-layer nanoimprinting is proposed here. The size of the nanogaps can be easily controlled by adjusting the pressure, heating time, and heating temperature. In addition, 3D multilayer nanostructures and nanocomposites with 2, 3, 5, 7, and 20 layers were fabricated using this method. The fabricated nanogaps with sizes ranging from approximately 1 to 40 nm were observed via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The multilayered nanostructures were evaluated using focused ion beam (FIB) technology. Compared with conventional methods, our method could not only easily control the size of the nanogaps on the flexible large-area substrate but could also achieve fast, simple, and cost-effective fabrication of 3D multilayer nanostructures and nanocomposites without any post-treatment. Moreover, a transparent electrode and nanoheater were fabricated and evaluated. Finally, surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates with different nanogaps were evaluated using rhodamine 6G. In conclusion, it is believed that the proposed method can solve the problems related to the high requirements of nanofabrication and can be applied in the detection of small molecules and for manufacturing flexible electronics and soft actuators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Junseong Ahn
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soon Hyoung Hwang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Jiwoo Ko
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yongrok Jeong
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Moonjeong Bok
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Hyeok-Joong Kang
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Jungrak Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
- Department of Nano Mechatronics, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Development of a New Hybrid Adsorbent from Opuntia Ficus Indica NaOH-Activated with PANI-Reinforced and Its Potential Use in Orange-G Dye Removal. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Jadhav AC, Jadhav NC. Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on Meizotropis Pellita fibres and their applications in oil absorbency. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Cordeiro AP, Feuser PE, Araújo PHH, Sayer C. Encapsulation of Magnetic Nanoparticles and Copaíba Oil in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles via Miniemulsion Polymerization for Biomedical Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.202000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur P. Cordeiro
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040–900 Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Feuser
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040–900 Brazil
| | - Pedro H. H. Araújo
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040–900 Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040–900 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chrysafi I, Kontonasaki E, Anastasiou AD, Patsiaoura D, Papadopoulou L, Vourlias G, Vouvoudi E, Bikiaris D. Mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA resin composites for interim fixed prostheses reinforced with calcium β-pyrophosphate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104094. [PMID: 32979608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interim restorations are essential in fixed prosthodontics as they provide temporary protection of teeth before the insertion of the permanent restoration. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in the fabrication of interim-fixed restorations as it is a biocompatible material with a lot of convenient properties. However, it exhibits low impact and tensile strength and therefore it is necessary to be reinforced. Calcium β-pyrophosphate (β-CPP) is considered a promising reinforcing material for dental applications, especially for enamel regeneration due to its stability at low pH and its low wear rate. The aim of this study was to manufacture PMMA/β-CPP composites suitable for fixed-interim restorations and to study their mechanical and thermal properties. In order to enhance β-CPP dispersion into PMMA matrix, ball-milling was performed for 1 or 6 h. Three-point bending test was performed to study flexural strength, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to reveal the elastic and viscous moduli along with Tg, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) to investigate the structure of the materials and SEM for the morphological evaluation of both composite powders and polymerized specimens. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed to study their thermal properties. A statistically significant increase in flexural strength was found in the 0.5, 0.75 and 1% composite groups after 6 h ball-milling, relative to the control, with the 6 h ball milling mixed specimens, presenting the highest flexural strength values. The brittle fracture type was common to all groups. An obvious improvement of the mechanical properties and a slight improvement in the thermal stability of the composite materials values were also observed as β-CPP content was increased, while Tg values were statistically not-affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iouliana Chrysafi
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Section of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Antonios D Anastasiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 3AL, UK
| | - Dimitra Patsiaoura
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Lambrini Papadopoulou
- Section of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - George Vourlias
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Vouvoudi
- Laboratory of Polymers Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymers Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Characterization and Long-Term Stability of Historical PMMA: Impact of Additives and Acrylic Sheet Industrial Production Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102198. [PMID: 32992836 PMCID: PMC7601423 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims at understanding the influence of the production processes and materials in the properties and long term behavior of acrylic sheet, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a material generally considered very stable in museum collections. A comparative study was conducted in samples from cast acrylic sheets produced in the early 2000s, from which manufacturing details were known, and samples provided by the artist Lourdes Castro from acrylic sheets she had bought in the 1960s. Transparent and red opaque cast acrylic samples, containing cadmium red pigment, were used. All samples were artificially aged in a solarbox with irradiation λ > 300 nm for a total period of 8000 h, and alterations were followed by a multi-analytical approach which included Raman, infrared (FTIR-ATR) and UV-Vis spectroscopies; gravimetry; size exclusion chromatography (SEC); thermogravimetry (TGA); micro-indentation; colorimetry; and optical microscopy. Not all cast PMMA sheets presented similar stabilities. We have concluded that the production processes (which may include the polymerization conditions, the organic additives and the origin of the monomer) play a more important role in the properties and long-term behavior of these acrylic sheets than the presence of cadmium red and/or the age of the material.
Collapse
|
31
|
Numerical Simulation of Coupled Pyrolysis and Combustion Reactions with Directly Measured Fire Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092075. [PMID: 32932722 PMCID: PMC7569969 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, numerical simulations of coupled solid-phase reactions (pyrolysis) and gas-phase reaction (combustion) were conducted. During a fire, both charring and non-charring materials undergo a pyrolysis as well as a combustion reaction. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based fire model (Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS version 6.2) was used for simulating the PMMA (non-charring), pine (charring), wool (charring) and cotton (charring) flaming fire experiments conducted with a cone calorimeter at 50 and 30 kW/m2 irradiance. The inputs of chemical kinetics and the heat of reaction were obtained from sample mass change and enthalpy data in TGA and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and the flammability parameters were obtained from cone calorimeter experiments. An iso-conversional analytical model was used to obtain the kinetic triplet of the above materials. The thermal properties related to heat transfer were also mostly obtained in house. All these directly measured fire properties were inputted to FDS in order to model the coupled pyrolysis–combustion reactions to obtain the heat release rate (HRR) or mass loss. The comparison of the results from the simulations of non-prescribed fires show that experimental HRR or mass loss curve can be reasonably predicted if input parameters are directly measured and appropriately used. Some guidance to the optimization and inverse analysis technique to generate fire properties is provided.
Collapse
|
32
|
Becerra J, Mainjot A, Hüe O, Sadoun M, Nguyen JF. Influence of High-Pressure Polymerization on Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Resins. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:128-134. [PMID: 32744368 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to study the influence of high-pressure (HP) polymerization on the mechanical properties of denture base PMMA resins compared with conventional thermopolymerization and PMMA discs for digital dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of blocks were prepared: Probase Hot (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) conventionally heat polymerized at 100°C, Probase Hot heat polymerized at 100°C under HP (200 MPa) and Ivobase CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein). Samples for mechanical/physical (n = 30) and samples for viscoelastic (n = 10) characterizations were cut from the blocks. Flexural strength (σf ), elastic modulus (Ef ), hardness, density (ρ), flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, flexural load energy (Ur ) and viscoelastic properties (E', E'', Tanδ, Tg ) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05), Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) and Weibull statistics (for σf ). SEM images of the fractured surfaces were obtained. RESULTS Ef , E', E'' and density of HP polymerized Probase hot were significantly higher than conventional heat polymerized Probase Hot, whereas Tg was significantly lower and σf , Tanδ, hardness, flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, Ur were not significantly different. The highest values for σf , flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, Ur and Weibull modulus were obtained with Ivobase CAD. CONCLUSION HP polymerization does not significantly increase the mechanical properties of denture base resins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Becerra
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador.,Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Amélie Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Hüe
- CNRS, EFS, ADES, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean-François Nguyen
- Department of Prosthodontics UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Progress in Reaction Mechanisms and Reactor Technologies for Thermochemical Recycling of Poly(methyl methacrylate). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12081667. [PMID: 32727004 PMCID: PMC7464549 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical or feedstock recycling of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by thermal degradation is an important societal challenge to enable polymer circularity. The annual PMMA world production capacity is over 2.4 × 106 tons, but currently only 3.0 × 104 tons are collected and recycled in Europe each year. Despite the rather simple chemical structure of MMA, a debate still exists on the possible PMMA degradation mechanisms and only basic batch and continuous reactor technologies have been developed, without significant knowledge of the decomposition chemistry or the multiphase nature of the reaction mixture. It is demonstrated in this review that it is essential to link PMMA thermochemical recycling with the PMMA synthesis as certain structural defects from the synthesis step are affecting the nature and relevance of the subsequent degradation reaction mechanisms. Here, random fission plays a key role, specifically for PMMA made by anionic polymerization. It is further highlighted that kinetic modeling tools are useful to further unravel the dominant PMMA degradation mechanisms. A novel distinction is made between global conversion or average chain length models, on the one hand, and elementary reaction step-based models on the other hand. It is put forward that only by the dedicated development of the latter models, the temporal evolution of degradation product spectra under specific chemical recycling conditions will become possible, making reactor design no longer an art but a science.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen R, Xu M. Kinetic and volatile products study of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 113:51-61. [PMID: 32505975 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been devoted to disposing traditional-sized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) waste by pyrolysis for methyl methacrylate (MMA). The pyrolysis of micron-sized PMMA waste, which may be different from that of traditional-sized PMMA waste, received little concern. The present study investigated the kinetics and volatile products of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis in inert atmosphere using thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. A global optimization algorithm namely Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) was employed to simultaneously optimize the kinetic parameters. Results indicated that one shoulder and one peak occurred in the MLR variations with temperature. The values of the MLR at the shoulder and peak, the average MLR all increased with the heating rate. The optimized kinetic parameters by SCE can be utilized to well reproduce the experimental thermogravimetric data. The values of activation energy and natural logarithm of pre-exponential factor were in the range of 235.95-248.61 kJ/mol and 16.96-28.76 min-1, respectively. The value of activation energy of micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis under the present study was greater than that of the traditional-sized PMMA pyrolysis in the previous studies. MMA and CO2 were the major volatile products generated from the micron-sized PMMA waste pyrolysis. The volatile products yield at peak was much larger than that at shoulder. The MMA and CO2 yield were in the range of 87.98-93.54% and 6.46-12.02%, respectively. High MMA yield may be obtained from the pyrolysis of micron-sized PMMA waste in inert atmosphere by appropriately increasing the heating rate adopted in the reactors in the practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Mingjun Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate on Abelmoschus manihot fibres and their application in oil absorbency. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
36
|
Liquid Crystalline Copolymers Containing Sulfonic and Light-Responsive Groups: From Molecular Design to Conductivity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112579. [PMID: 32498249 PMCID: PMC7321325 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for novel smart multifunctional liquid crystalline materials, we report the synthesis, thermal and structural characterisation, and the conductivity, of a set of new block and statistical copolymers, containing light-responsive mesogenic groups (MeOAzB), polar sulfonic acids (AMPS), and methyl(methacrylate) groups (MMA). By using a cascade of reversible addition-fragmentation chain polymerisations, RAFT, we have tailored different side-chain polymeric structures by controlling monomer composition (MeOAzB/AMPS/MMA) and configuration. We have yielded simultaneous liquid crystalline behaviour and appreciable conductivity in polymers with low concentrations of polar acid groups, by the formation of smectic phases in narrow aggregates. The light-responsiveness of the polymers, via reversible trans-to-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene groups, and the local activation of conductivity at relatively low temperatures, opens the possibility to prepare polymer electrolytes for energy conversion and storage, whose conductivity could be controlled and optimised by external stimuli, including light irradiation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Polymer Matrix Incorporated with ZIF-8 for Application in Nonlinear Optics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061036. [PMID: 32481655 PMCID: PMC7352344 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with embedded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been of interest in research for advanced applications in gas separation, catalysis and sensing due to their high porosity and chemical selectivity. In this study, we utilize specific MOFs with high thermal stability and non-centrosymmetric crystal structures (zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8) in order to give an example of MOF–polymer composite applications in nonlinear optics. The synthesized MOF-based polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite (ZIF-8–PMMA) demonstrates the possibility of the visualization of near-infrared laser beams in the research lab. The resulting ZIF-8–PMMA composite is exposed to a laser under extreme conditions and exhibits enhanced operating limits, much higher than that of the widely used inorganic materials in optics. Overall, our findings support the utilization of MOFs for synthesis of functional composites for optical application.
Collapse
|
38
|
Brzeska J, Tercjak A, Sikorska W, Kowalczuk M, Rutkowska M. Predicted Studies of Branched and Cross-Linked Polyurethanes Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate with Polycaprolactone Triol in Soft Segments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051068. [PMID: 32392740 PMCID: PMC7284939 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cross-links in the non-linear polyurethane structure is the basic factor affecting its properties. Selected properties of aliphatic polyurethanes with soft segments made of different amounts of polycaprolactonetriol, polycaprolactonediol and synthetic, telechelic poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) were determined. On the basis of changes in polyurethane properties, the correlation between these properties and the construction of soft segments was found. The structure of polyurethanes, their morphology, hydrophilicity, thermal and mechanical properties were examined. These properties were changed linearly up to 15% content of polycaprolactonetriol in soft segments. A further increase in the amount of triol causes that these properties are mainly determined by the high number of cross-links.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeska
- Department of Commodity Industrial Science and Chemistry, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Group ‘Materials+Technologies’ (GMT), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Wanda Sikorska
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (W.S.)
| | - Marek Kowalczuk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Maria Rutkowska
- Department of Commodity Industrial Science and Chemistry, Gdynia Maritime University, 83 Morska Street, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Physicochemical and rheological properties of pomelo albedo pectin and its interaction with konjac glucomannan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1205-1212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
40
|
Patnaik S, Kumar S, Panda AK. Thermal degradation of eco-friendly alternative plastics: kinetics and thermodynamics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:14991-15000. [PMID: 32065367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the thermal degradation behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamics of two different eco-friendly plastics, viz. non-woven plastic and corn starch-based biodegradable plastics, which are commonly used nowadays as an alternative to synthetic plastics. In this context, thermogravimetric analysis of plastic waste samples was carried out at wide range of heating rates of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C/min in nitrogen atmosphere, and activation energy is determined by first-order model-fitting method while thermodynamic parameters are determined on the basis of Eyring theory of activated complex. The regression coefficient obtained from kinetic study of thermal degradation of these plastics best fits to the first-order kinetic equation. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters obtained for both the plastics are found very close to each other. So, this study would help design more effective conversion system for the recycling of both the wastes together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayan Patnaik
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Energy Engineering and Centre of Excellence in Green & Efficient Energy Technology (CoE-GEET), Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Achyut K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiménez GL, Falcony C, Szumera M, Jeleń P, Leśniak M, Kochanowicz M, Żmojda J, Dorosz D, Miluski P. Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) co-doped with Tb(tmhd) 3 - Rhodamine B for luminescent optical fiber applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 229:117893. [PMID: 31836399 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing interest in the development of multi-colored materials based on the combination of two or more systems (organic or inorganic) as a strategy to take advantage of their combined physical or chemical properties. These multi-colored materials have found potential applications as sensors, amplifiers, and optical fibers. In this work, the physical characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with Terbium(III)-tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate) (Tb(tmhd)3) at 1.57-1.58 mmol and Rhodamine B (RhB) at different concentrations were analyzed. The emission obtained from these samples (multichromophoric samples) varied as function of RhB concentration due to an efficient energy transfer process (33-65%). The role of PMMA as inert matrix that assists in the recombination process was confirmed by FTIR and Raman spectra analysis. Moreover, an improvement in thermal resistance of the materials was observed due to the presence of the dopants during the polymerization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lesly Jiménez
- Doctoral Program in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, 2508 IPN Av., 07360 Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ciro Falcony
- Department of Physics, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, 2508 IPN Av., 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Szumera
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Leśniak
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Kochanowicz
- Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Lighting Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351, Poland
| | - Jacek Żmojda
- Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Lighting Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351, Poland
| | - Dominik Dorosz
- Department of Ceramics and Refractories, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Miluski
- Department of Power Engineering, Photonics and Lighting Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bai Y, Luo X, Han Y, Liu B, Zhang J, Zhang M. Facile synthesis of narrow particle size distribution, high solid content, cationic polymer latexes by macroemulsion polymerization-based particle coagulation mechanism. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1673175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xueyan Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Han
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhui Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alauddin SM, Aripin NFK, Velayutham T, Chaganava I, Martinez-Felipe A. The role of conductivity and molecular mobility on the photoanisotropic response of a new azo-polymer containing sulfonic groups. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
44
|
Zuo X, Xue Y, Zhou Y, Yin Y, Li TD, Wang L, Chuang YC, Chang CC, Rafailovich MH, Guo Y. The use of low cost, abundant, homopolymers for engineering degradable polymer blends: Compatibilization of poly(lactic acid)/styrenics using poly(methyl methacrylate). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
45
|
De Smit K, Marien YW, Van Geem KM, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Connecting polymer synthesis and chemical recycling on a chain-by-chain basis: a unified matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo strategy. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer synthesis and subsequent depolymerisation/degradation are linked at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Al-Rasheed HH, Mohammady SZ, Dahlous K, Siddiqui MRH, El-Faham A. Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and kinetics of thermal degradation of novel polymers based-s-triazine Schiff base. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Combining Soft Polysilazanes with Melt-Shear Organization of Core-Shell Particles: On the Road to Polymer-Templated Porous Ceramics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193553. [PMID: 31575046 PMCID: PMC6803923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of ordered macroporous SiCN ceramics has attracted significant interest and is an attractive area for various applications, e.g., in the fields of catalysis, gas adsorption, or membranes. Non-oxidic ceramics, such as SiCN, own a great stability based on the covalent bonds between the containing elements, which leads to interesting properties concerning resistance and stability at high temperature. Their peculiar properties have become more and more important for a manifold of applications, like catalysis or separation processes, at high temperatures. Within this work, a feasible approach for the preparation of ordered porous materials by taking advantage of polymer-derived ceramics is presented. To gain access to free-standing films consisting of porous ceramic materials, the combination of monodisperse organic polymer-based colloids with diameters of 130 nm and 180 nm featuring a processable preceramic polymer is essential. For this purpose, the tailored design of hybrid organic/inorganic particles featuring anchoring sites for a preceramic polymer in the soft shell material is developed. Moreover, polymer-based core particles are used as sacrificial template for the generation of pores, while the preceramic shell polymer can be converted to the ceramic matrix after thermal treatment. Two different routes for the polymer particles, which can be obtained by emulsion polymerization, are followed for covalently linking the preceramic polysilazane Durazane1800 (Merck, Germany): (i) Free radical polymerization and (ii) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) conditions. These hybrid hard core/soft shell particles can be processed via the so-called melt-shear organization for the one-step preparation of free-standing particle films. A major advantage of this technique is the absence of any solvent or dispersion medium, enabling the core particles to merge into ordered particle stacks based on the soft preceramic shell. Subsequent ceramization of the colloidal crystal films leads to core particle degradation and transformation into porous ceramics with ceramic yields of 18–54%.
Collapse
|
48
|
Structural Nanocomposite Fabrication from Self-Assembled Choline Chloride Modified Kaolinite into Poly(Methylmethacrylate). JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs3030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials produced from indigenous nanoscale particles and synthetic polymers have created demand in the field of nanoscience and technology. Layered silicates are potential candidates for reinforcing the properties of composites. Here, we report the fabrication of nanocomposites using poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as the matrix and the Bijoypur clay of Bangladesh known as kaolinite (200–250 nm) as the filler via solution casting. Kaolinite was first modified using choline chloride to prepare core-shell particles through a precipitation technique and was used for self-assembled nanocomposite films preparation. A series of nanocomposites films using 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10% (w/w) modified kaolinite was prepared. The neat PMMA and nanocomposite films were characterized by attenuated total reflection infra-red (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and morphology of the films were investigated using a universal testing machine (UTM), a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanocomposite films exhibited better mechanical properties and thermal stability than neat PMMA film. Development of such structural nanocomposite materials using naturally occurring nanoscale particles would play a crucial role in the field of materials science for packaging applications and separation technology.
Collapse
|
49
|
Jing C, Suzuki Y, Matsumoto A. Thermal decomposition of methacrylate polymers containing tert-butoxycarbonyl moiety. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
50
|
Chetana Deoghare, Nadkarni VS, Behera RN, Chauhan R. Copolymers with Pendant N-arylimide Groups via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetic Study. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|