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MacNair CR, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Alternative therapeutic strategies to treat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:262-275. [PMID: 38082064 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Resistance threatens to render antibiotics - which are essential for modern medicine - ineffective, thus posing a threat to human health. The discovery of novel classes of antibiotics able to overcome resistance has been stalled for decades, with the developmental pipeline relying almost entirely on variations of existing chemical scaffolds. Unfortunately, this approach has been unable to keep pace with resistance evolution, necessitating new therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we highlight recent efforts to discover non-traditional antimicrobials, specifically describing the advantages and limitations of antimicrobial peptides and macrocycles, antibodies, bacteriophages and antisense oligonucleotides. These approaches have the potential to stem the tide of resistance by expanding the physicochemical property space and target spectrum occupied by currently approved antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Han M, Beon J, Lee JY, Oh SS. Systematic Combination of Oligonucleotides and Synthetic Polymers for Advanced Therapeutic Applications. Macromol Res 2021; 29:665-680. [PMID: 34754286 PMCID: PMC8568687 DOI: 10.1007/s13233-021-9093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The potential of oligonucleotides is exceptional in therapeutics because of their high safety, potency, and specificity compared to conventional therapeutic agents. However, many obstacles, such as low in vivo stability and poor cellular uptake, have hampered their clinical success. Use of polymeric carriers can be an effective approach for overcoming the biological barriers and thereby maximizing the therapeutic efficacy of the oligonucleotides due to the availability of highly tunable synthesis and functional modification of various polymers. As loaded in the polymeric carriers, the therapeutic oligonucleotides, such as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and even messenger RNAs, become nuclease-resistant by bypassing renal filtration and can be efficiently internalized into disease cells. In this review, we introduced a variety of systematic combinations between the therapeutic oligonucleotides and the synthetic polymers, including the uses of highly functionalized polymers responding to a wide range of endogenous and exogenous stimuli for spatiotemporal control of oligonucleotide release. We also presented intriguing characteristics of oligonucleotides suitable for targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which can be fully supported by versatile polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moohyun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Jiyun Beon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Research Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429 Korea
| | - Seung Soo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673 Korea
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3
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Shen J, Chen J, Ma J, Fan L, Zhang X, Yue T, Yan Y, Zhang Y. Enhanced lysosome escape mediated by 1,2-dicarboxylic-cyclohexene anhydride-modified poly-l-lysine dendrimer as a gene delivery system. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:759-776. [PMID: 33363631 PMCID: PMC7750821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) can directly interfere a series of biological events of the target RNA derived from tumor cells through Watson-Crick base pairing, in turn, plays antitumor therapeutic roles. In the study, a novel HIF-1α ASODN-loaded nanocomposite was formulated to efficiently deliver gene to the target RNA. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite were characterized using TEM, FTIR, DLS and zeta potentials. The mean diameter of resulting GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was about 170-192 nm, and according to the agarose gel retardation assay, the loading amount of ASODN accounted for 166.7 mg/g. The results of cellular uptake showed that the nanocomposite could specifically target to HepG2 and Hela cells. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the toxicity of vectors was greatly reduced by using DCA to reversibly block the cationic DGL. The subcellular distribution images clearly displayed the lysosomal escape ability of the DCA-modified nanocomposite. In vitro exploration of molecular mechanism indicated that the nanocomposite could inhibit mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein translation at different levels. In vivo optical images and quantitative assay testified that the formulation accumulated preferentially in the tumor tissue. In vivo antitumor efficacy research confirmed that this nanocomposite had significant antitumor activity and the tumor inhibitory rate was 77.99%. These results manifested that the GEL-DGL-FA-ASODN-DCA nanocomposite was promising in gene therapeutics for antitumor by interacting directly with target RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Linlan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Ting Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,Shenzhen Following Precision Medical Research Institute, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Yaping Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Rasolonjatovo B, Illy N, Bennevault V, Mathé J, Midoux P, Le Gall T, Haudebourg T, Montier T, Lehn P, Pitard B, Cheradame H, Huin C, Guégan P. Temperature‐Sensitive Amphiphilic Non‐Ionic Triblock Copolymers for Enhanced In Vivo Skeletal Muscle Transfection. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e1900276. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bazoly Rasolonjatovo
- LAMBE, CNRS, Université Evry, CEAUniversité Paris–Saclay 91025 Evry France
- LAMBE, UCPUniversité Paris–Seine 91025 Evry France
| | - Nicolas Illy
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Véronique Bennevault
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Université Evry 91025 Evry France
| | - Jérôme Mathé
- LAMBE, CNRS, Université Evry, CEAUniversité Paris–Saclay 91025 Evry France
- LAMBE, UCPUniversité Paris–Seine 91025 Evry France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique MoléculaireCNRS UPR4301 45071 Orléans Cedex 02 France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Groupe – Transfert de Gènes et Thérapie Génique, UMR 1078 – Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et BiotechnologiesUniversité de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins 29238 Brest Cedex France
| | - Thomas Haudebourg
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversity of Angers, University of Nantes 49000 and 44000 Nantes France
| | - Tristan Montier
- Groupe – Transfert de Gènes et Thérapie Génique, UMR 1078 – Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et BiotechnologiesUniversité de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins 29238 Brest Cedex France
| | - Pierre Lehn
- Groupe – Transfert de Gènes et Thérapie Génique, UMR 1078 – Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle et BiotechnologiesUniversité de Brest, INSERM, CHU de Brest 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins 29238 Brest Cedex France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversity of Angers, University of Nantes 49000 and 44000 Nantes France
| | - Herve Cheradame
- LAMBE, CNRS, Université Evry, CEAUniversité Paris–Saclay 91025 Evry France
- LAMBE, UCPUniversité Paris–Seine 91025 Evry France
| | - Cécile Huin
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Université Evry 91025 Evry France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Equipe Chimie des Polymères, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Sorbonne Université 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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Acharya R. The recent progresses in shRNA-nanoparticle conjugate as a therapeutic approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109928. [PMID: 31500065 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent trend of gene therapy is using short hairpin RNA conjugated with different types of nanoparticles. shRNAs have a significant role in gene silencing and have a promising role in treating several genetic and infectious diseases. There are several drawbacks of delivering bare shRNA in the blood as they are fragile in nature and readily degradable. To overcome this problem shRNAs can be conjugated with nanoparticles for a safe deliver. In this article several nanoparticles are mentioned which play significant role in delivery of this payload. On one hand they protect the shRNA from degradation on the other they help to penetrate this large molecule in to the cell. Some of these nanoconjugates are in clinical trials and have a promising role in treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Acharya
- School of Bio-science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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6
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Zhang T, Jin G, Han X, Gao Y, Zeng Q, Hou B, Zhang D. Multiscale modelling for the heterogeneous strength of biodegradable polyesters. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 90:337-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Cuřínová P, Krupková A, Červenková Šťastná L, Müllerová M, Čermák J, Strašák T. ESI-TOF mass spectrometry of cationic carbosilane dendrimers: A potent tool for characterization of structural defects. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:986-996. [PMID: 30019544 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular polyelectrolytes are gaining considerable attention for the application in medicine that implies their detailed characterization. We have successfully applied electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to the analysis of defects in the structure of three generations of polycationic carbosilane dendrimers bearing series of quarternary phosphonium groups at their periphery. Besides expected defects caused by incomplete conversion of particular reaction steps during the synthesis of dendritic scaffold and subsequent peripheral functionalization, also, several products of side reactions were observed together with defects created in the course of measurement (particularly ion exchange products). Defective molecules can be to some extent separated by means of gel permeation chromatography that proves that they are not products of in source fragmentation processes. Within the reaction sequence used for the synthesis of dendrimers under study, hydrosilylation was the source of most defects; the effectivity of quarternization depends on the type of phosphine. Results confirm high sensitivity of ESI MS towards defects, stability of the carbosilane skeleton towards fragmentation under the conditions of ESI ionization, and capability to detect both lower- and higher-molecular weight impurities arising from the synthetic sequence in the same m/z range as the target dendrimer, thus providing valuable view of the polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Krupková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Monika Müllerová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čermák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of J.E. Purkyně, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Strašák
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Abstract
More than six decades ago Watson and Crick published the chemical structure of DNA. This discovery revolutionized our approach to medical science and opened new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases including cancer. Since then, progress in molecular biology, together with the rapid advance of technologies, allowed to clone hundreds of protein-coding genes that were found mutated in all types of cancer. Normal and aberrant gene functions, interactions, and mechanisms of mutations were studied to identify the intricate network of pathways leading to cancer. With the acknowledgment of the genetic nature of cancer, new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies have been attempted and developed, but very few have found their way in the clinical field. In an effort to identify new translational targets, another great discovery has changed our way to look at genes and their functions. MicroRNAs have been the first noncoding genes involved in cancer. This review is a brief chronological history of microRNAs and cancer. Through the work of few of the greatest scientists of our times, this chapter describes the discovery of microRNAs from C. elegans to their debut in cancer and in the medical field, the concurrent development of technologies, and their future translational applications. The purpose was to share the exciting path that lead to one of the most important discoveries in cancer genetics in the past 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Drusco
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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9
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Rasolonjatovo B, Pitard B, Haudebourg T, Bennevault V, Guégan P. Synthesis of tetraarm star block copolymer based on polytetrahydrofuran and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) for gene delivery applications. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Gori M, Trombetta M, Santini D, Rainer A. Tissue engineering and microRNAs: future perspectives in regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Rheological characterization of multi-component hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose: insight into its encapsulation capacity and release kinetics towards ibuprofen. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Green DW, Kim EJ, Jung HS. Spontaneous gene transfection of human bone cells using 3D mineralized alginate-chitosan macrocapsules. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:2855-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Green
- Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology; Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Oral Biosciences; Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology; Oral Science Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Korea
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13
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Cianga L, Bendrea AD, Fifere N, Nita LE, Doroftei F, Ag D, Seleci M, Timur S, Cianga I. Fluorescent micellar nanoparticles by self-assembly of amphiphilic, nonionic and water self-dispersible polythiophenes with “hairy rod” architecture. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10734a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Alsidawi S, Malek E, Driscoll JJ. MicroRNAs in brain metastases: potential role as diagnostics and therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10508-26. [PMID: 24921708 PMCID: PMC4100165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases remain a daunting adversary that negatively impact patient survival. Metastatic brain tumors affect up to 45% of all cancer patients with systemic cancer and account for ~20% of all cancer-related deaths. A complex network of non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate tumor metastasis. The brain micro-environment modulates metastatic tumor growth; however, defining the precise genetic events that promote metastasis in the brain niche represents an important, unresolved problem. Understanding these events will reveal disease-based targets and offer effective strategies to treat brain metastases. Effective therapeutic strategies based upon the biology of brain metastases represent an urgent, unmet need with immediate potential for clinical impact. Studies have demonstrated the ability of miRNAs to distinguish normal from cancerous cells, primary from secondary brain tumors, and correctly categorize metastatic brain tumor tissue of origin based solely on miRNA profiles. Interestingly, manipulation of miRNAs has proven effective in cancer treatment. With the promise of reduced toxicity, increased efficacy and individually directed personalized anti-cancer therapy, using miRNA in the treatment of metastatic brain tumors may prove very useful and improve patient outcome. In this review, we focus on the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the treatment of metastatic brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alsidawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| | - James J Driscoll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Perisé-Barrios AJ, Jiménez JL, Domínguez-Soto A, de la Mata FJ, Corbí AL, Gomez R, Muñoz-Fernandez MÁ. Carbosilane dendrimers as gene delivery agents for the treatment of HIV infection. J Control Release 2014; 184:51-7. [PMID: 24721235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the use of siRNA in the downregulation of HIV-1 replication which has been reported, CD4 T lymphocytes are difficult to transfect with non-viral vectors. We determined whether second generation carbosilane dendrimers (2G-NN16 and 2G-03NN24) may be efficient transfectants in CD4 T lymphocytes. Dendrimers were also tested on macrophages to determine whether they can modify macrophage phenotype and induce an inflammatory response. The nanoconjugate formed by 2G-03NN24/siRNA-Nef presents the highest inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Dendrimers presented safety properties because they did not induce proliferation on CD4 T lymphocytes and decrease the release of TNFα and IL-12p40 by macrophages. Both dendrimers also decrease the phagocytosis activity. Additionally, 2G-03NN24 dendrimer decreases the CCL2 and CCR2 expression in macrophages. Carbosilane dendrimers 2G-NN16 and 2G-03NN24 can be used as efficient non-viral vectors for gene therapy applications, mainly in the treatment of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Judith Perisé-Barrios
- Laboratorio Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Domínguez-Soto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel L Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gomez
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernandez
- Laboratorio Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Cheng CJ, Saltzman WM, Slack FJ. Canonical and non-canonical barriers facing antimiR cancer therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:3582-93. [PMID: 23745563 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320290004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Once considered genetic "oddities", microRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as key epigenetic regulators of numerous biological processes, including some with a causal link to the pathogenesis, maintenance, and treatment of cancer. The crux of small RNA-based therapeutics lies in the antagonism of potent cellular targets; the main shortcoming of the field in general, lies in ineffective delivery. Inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs is a relatively nascent therapeutic concept, but as with predecessor RNA-based therapies, success hinges on delivery efficacy. This review will describes the canonical (e.g. pharmacokinetics and clearance, cellular uptake, endosome escape, etc.) and non-canonical (e.g. spatial localization and accessibility of miRNA, technical limitations of miRNA inhibition, off-target impacts, etc.) challenges to the delivery of antisense-based anti-miRNA therapeutics (i.e. antimiRs) for the treatment of cancer. Emphasis will be placed on how the current leading antimiR platforms-ranging from naked chemically modified oligonucleotides to nanoscale delivery vehicles-are affected by and overcome these barriers. The perplexity of antimiR delivery presents both engineering and biological hurdles that must be overcome in order to capitalize on the extensive pharmacological benefits of antagonizing tumor-associated miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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17
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Giri A, Bhunia T, Mishra SR, Goswami L, Panda AB, Bandyopadhyay A. A transdermal device from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guar gum–multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented expansion in the field of nanomedicine with the development of new nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles have unique biological properties given their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows them to bind, absorb, and carry compounds such as small molecule drugs, DNA, RNA, proteins, and probes with high efficiency. Their tunable size, shape, and surface characteristics also enable them to have high stability, high carrier capacity, the ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances and compatibility with different administration routes, thereby making them highly attractive in many aspects of oncology. This review article will discuss how nanoparticles are able to function as carriers for chemotherapeutic drugs to increase their therapeutic index; how they can function as therapeutic agents in photodynamic, gene, and thermal therapy; and how nanoparticles can be used as molecular imaging agents to detect and monitor cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnesh S Thakor
- Visiting Research Scholar, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Fellow in Interventional Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Academic Fellow, Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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19
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Ag D, Seleci M, Bongartz R, Can M, Yurteri S, Cianga I, Stahl F, Timur S, Scheper T, Yagci Y. From invisible structures of SWCNTs toward fluorescent and targeting architectures for cell imaging. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3532-41. [PMID: 23987303 DOI: 10.1021/bm400862m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are unique nanostructures used as cargo systems for variety of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. For taking advantage of these structures in biological processes, they should be visible. Therefore, fluorescence labeling of SWCNTs with various probes is a significant issue. Herein, we demonstrate a simple approach for cell specific imaging and diagnosis by combining SWCNTs with a copolymer poly(para-phenylene) (PPP) containing polystyrene (PSt) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) side chains (PPP-g-PSt-PCL). In this approach PPP-g-PSt-PCL is noncovalently attached on carboxyl functional SWCNTs. The obtained fluorescent probe is bound to folic acid (FA) for targeted imaging of folate receptor (FR) positive HeLa cells. In vitro studies demonstrate that this conjugate can specifically bind to HeLa cells and indicate great potential for targeting and imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Ag
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University , 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
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Hamidi M, Rafiei P, Azadi A. Designing PEGylated therapeutic molecules: advantages in ADMET properties. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 3:1293-307. [PMID: 23496167 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.3.11.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PEGylation, association of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to drug molecules or drug-bearing particles, is one of the most promising techniques on the way to improve the pharmacokinetic features of a drug which, in turn, leads to pharmacodynamic improvements. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to describe PEGylation as a procedure for alteration of drug molecular structure with the main emphasis on its pharmacokinetic consequences. METHODS After a brief but concise overview of the history and chemistry of PEGylation, the boundary of this literature survey is confined to the findings and reports on the impact of PEGylation on biodistribution and bioelimination of therapeutic molecules. CONCLUSION It is concluded, based on the whole body of the data in literature, that the main results of PEGylation on pharmacokinetic properties of the drug include prolongation of lifespan in circulation, alterations in drug elimination pathway(s) and changes in drug biodistribution profile, among others, which all are derived from the structural changes that occur in the drug molecule, mainly reversible attachment of a large polymeric moiety to parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Zhang H, Shykind B, Sun T. Approaches to manipulating microRNAs in neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2013; 6:196. [PMID: 23335878 PMCID: PMC3547386 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis in the nervous system is regulated by both protein coding genes and non-coding RNA molecules. microRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs and usually negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs have been shown to play an essential role in neurogenesis, regulating neuronal proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and migration. An important strategy used to reveal miRNA function is the manipulation of their expression levels and patterns in specific regions and cell types in the nervous system. In this review we will systemically highlight established and new approaches used to achieve gain-of-function and loss-of-function of miRNAs in vitro and in vivo, and will also summarize miRNA delivery techniques. As the development of these leading edge techniques come online, more exciting discoveries of the roles miRNAs play in neural development and function will be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
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22
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Huang Z, Dong L, Chen J, Gao F, Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhang J. Low-molecular weight chitosan/vascular endothelial growth factor short hairpin RNA for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Life Sci 2012; 91:1207-15. [PMID: 23044224 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be a key driving force for angiogenesis and tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As an emerging approach to block this angiogenic stimulator, the RNA interference (RNAi) technique has rapidly developed but is hindered for in vivo applications due to low cellular uptake and poor stability of small RNA. Based on low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC), a gene delivery system of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against VEGF was constructed. The objective of this study was to investigate whether LMWC/shRNA nano-complexes can effectively inhibit VEGF expression in cancer cells and tumor tissues and suppress tumor growth in different HCC models. MAIN METHODS The transfection experiment and Real-time qPCR assay were used to evaluate the transfection efficiency and gene suppression activity of LMWC/shRNA complexes in Hepa 1-6 murine hepatocarcinoma cells. The therapeutic effect of LMWC/ VEGF shRNA was further tested in ectopic and orthotopic liver cancer models. KEY FINDINGS LMWC/VEGF shRNA complexes significantly inhibited VEGF expression of HCC cells and liver tumor tissues. LMWC obviously enhanced and prolonged the deposition of shRNA at the tumor site when LMWC/shRNA complexes were intravenously injected into orthotopic allograft liver tumor-bearing mice. The administration of LMWC/VEGF shRNA complexes by intratumoral or intravenous injection demonstrated more effective suppression of tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in different HCC models compared with naked shRNA. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated the feasibility of using LMWC as a potential carrier for RNA interference drugs in liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Miele E, Spinelli GP, Miele E, Di Fabrizio E, Ferretti E, Tomao S, Gulino A. Nanoparticle-based delivery of small interfering RNA: challenges for cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3637-57. [PMID: 22915840 PMCID: PMC3418108 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades there have been remarkable advances and profound changes in cancer therapy. Many therapeutic strategies learned at the bench, including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors, have been used at the bedside, leading to important successes. One of the most important advances in biology has been the discovery that small interfering RNA (siRNA) is able to regulate the expression of genes, by a phenomenon known as RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is one of the most rapidly growing fields of research in biology and therapeutics. Much research effort has gone into the application of this new discovery in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, even though these molecules may have potential and strong utility, some limitations make their clinical application difficult, including delivery problems, side effects due to off-target actions, disturbance of physiological functions of the cellular machinery involved in gene silencing, and induction of the innate immune response. Many researchers have attempted to overcome these limitations and to improve the safety of potential RNAi-based therapeutics. Nanoparticles, which are nanostructured entities with tunable size, shape, and surface, as well as biological behavior, provide an ideal opportunity to modify current treatment regimens in a substantial way. These nanoparticles could be designed to surmount one or more of the barriers encountered by siRNA. Nanoparticle drug formulations afford the chance to improve drug bioavailability, exploiting superior tissue permeability, payload protection, and the “stealth” features of these entities. The main aims of this review are: to explain the siRNA mechanism with regard to potential applications in siRNA-based cancer therapy; to discuss the possible usefulness of nanoparticle-based delivery of certain molecules for overcoming present therapeutic limitations; to review the ongoing relevant clinical research with its pitfalls and promises; and to evaluate critically future perspectives and challenges in siRNA-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Parasramka MA, Ho E, Williams DE, Dashwood RH. MicroRNAs, diet, and cancer: new mechanistic insights on the epigenetic actions of phytochemicals. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:213-30. [PMID: 21739482 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the epigenetic mechanisms that impact human health and disease, including the role of microRNAs (miRNAs). These small (18-25 nucleotide), evolutionarily conserved, non-coding RNA molecules regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Several well-orchestered regulatory mechanisms involving miRNAs have been identified, with the potential to target multiple signaling pathways dysregulated in cancer. Since the initial discovery of miRNAs, there has been progress towards therapeutic applications, and several natural and synthetic chemopreventive agents also have been evaluated as modulators of miRNA expression in different cancer types. This review summarizes the most up-to-date information related to miRNA biogenesis, and critically evaluates proposed miRNA regulatory mechanisms in relation to cancer signaling pathways, as well as other epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation patterns, histone marks) and their involvement in drug resistance. We also discuss the mechanisms by which dietary factors regulate miRNA expression, in the context of chemoprevention versus therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi A Parasramka
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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25
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Bendrea AD, Cianga L, Cianga I. Review paper: Progress in the Field of Conducting Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:3-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328211402704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on one of the most exciting applications area of conjugated conducting polymers, which is tissue engineering. Strategies used for the biocompatibility improvement of this class of polymers (including biomolecules’ entrapment or covalent grafting) and also the integrated novel technologies for smart scaffolds generation such as micropatterning, electrospinning, self-assembling are emphasized. These processing alternatives afford the electroconducting polymers nanostructures, the most appropriate forms of the materials that closely mimic the critical features of the natural extracellular matrix. Due to their capability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and/or their derivatives and composites provide compatible substrates which promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation at the polymer—tissue interface through electrical stimulation. The activities of different types of cells on these materials are also presented in detail. Specific cell responses depend on polymers surface characteristics like roughness, surface free energy, topography, chemistry, charge, and other properties as electrical conductivity or mechanical actuation, which depend on the employed synthesis conditions. The biological functions of cells can be dramatically enhanced by biomaterials with controlled organizations at the nanometer scale and in the case of conducting polymers, by the electrical stimulation. The advantages of using biocompatible nanostructures of conducting polymers (nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanofilaments) in tissue engineering are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Dana Bendrea
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania,
| | - Luminita Cianga
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioan Cianga
- 'Petru Poni' Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487, Iasi, Romania
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26
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Feliciano A, Sánchez-Sendra B, Kondoh H, Lleonart ME. MicroRNAs Regulate Key Effector Pathways of Senescence. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:205378. [PMID: 21629746 PMCID: PMC3100566 DOI: 10.4061/2011/205378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (approximately 22 nt) noncoding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and protein coding by base pairing with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. miRNA expression is associated with cancer pathogenesis because miRNAs are intimately linked to cancer development. Senescence blocks cell proliferation, representing an important barrier that cells must bypass to reach malignancy. Importantly, certain miRNAs have been shown to have an important role during cellular senescence, which is also involved in human tumorigenesis. Therefore, therapeutic induction of senescence by drugs or miRNA-based therapies is a potential method to treat cancer by inducing a persistent growth arrest in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Feliciano
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Group, Pathology Department, Fundacil Institut de Recerca Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Tincer G, Yerlikaya S, Yagci FC, Kahraman T, Atanur OM, Erbatur O, Gursel I. Immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharide-poly(I:C) nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4275-82. [PMID: 21459434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory properties of mushroom derived polysaccharides (PS) as stand-alone agents were tested. Next, PS were nanocomplexed with polyI:C (pIC) to yield stable nanoparticles around 200 nm in size evidenced by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses. PSs were selectively engaged by cells expressing TLR2 and initiated NFκB dependent signaling cascade leading to a Th1-biased cytokine/chemokine secretion in addition to bactericidal nitric oxide (NO) production from macrophages. Moreover, cells treated with nanoparticles led to synergistic IL6, production and upregulation of TNFα, MIP3α, IFNγ and IP10 transcript expression. In mice, PS-Ovalbumin-pIC formulation surpassed anti-OVA IgG responses when compared to either PS-OVA or pIC-OVA mediated immunity. Our results revealed that signal transduction initiated both by TLR2 and TLR3 via co-delivery of pIC by PS in nanoparticle depot delivery system is an effective immunization strategy. The present work implicate that the PS and nucleic acid based nanoparticle approach along with protein antigens can be harnessed to prevent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tincer
- Biotherapeutic ODN Research Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Bilkent University, Bilkent, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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28
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Micro-RNA Expression and Function in Lymphomas. Adv Hematol 2011; 2011:347137. [PMID: 21461378 PMCID: PMC3063410 DOI: 10.1155/2011/347137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has introduced a new layer of complexity to the process of gene regulation. MiRNAs are essential for cellular function, and their dysregulation often results in disease. Study of miRNA expression and function in animal models and human lymphomas has improved our knowledge of the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disease. In this paper, we attempt to describe the expression of miRNAs and their function in lymphomas and discuss potential miRNA-based therapies in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphomas.
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29
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Perry CC, Eglin D, Ali SA, Downes S. A Statistical Approach to the Effect of Sol-Gel Process Variables on the Physical Properties of Polymer [PLLA]-Silica Hybrid Materials for Use as Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-726-q5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHybrid poly(L-lactic acid)-silica materials for potential use in orthopaedic applications have been prepared by a sol-gel method using an experimental design approach to investigate the effect of synthesis variables separately and together on the physical form of the organic polymer. The five factors investigated were the molar ratios of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)/Poly(Llactic acid) (PLLA), Toluene/PLLA, EtOH/TEOS, Water/TEOS and HCl (catalyst)/TEOS. All other synthesis conditions were kept constant. X-Ray powder diffraction (Statton's graphical method) and differential scanning calorimetry were used to assess the extent of polymer crystallinity in the hybrid materials. In accordance with other studies, increasing the molar ratio of TEOS/PLLA lead to increasing incorporation of the organic polymer into the silica network. Increase of the toluene/PLLA molar ratio lead to an increase in the crystallinity of the polymer phase. As our studies investigated the effect of synthesis variables simultaneously it was possible to identify, for the first time, that interactions between specific reactants are important in the development of the two structural components of this hybrid system. The most important of these was the TEOS/PLLA*H2O/TEOS interaction that may indicate that silica species from hydrolysed TEOS interact with the PLLA phase possibly via hydrogen bonding and leads to the lowering of the crystalline order of the polymer The results from this study give useful information on the ability of the organic polymer and the silica phase to form interpenetrating networks, an important requirement for the generation of a potential hybrid polyester-silica biomaterial for orthopaedic applications.
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30
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Lee ALZ, Wang Y, Pervaiz S, Fan W, Yang YY. Synergistic Anticancer Effects Achieved by Co-Delivery of TRAIL and Paclitaxel Using Cationic Polymeric Micelles. Macromol Biosci 2010; 11:296-307. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Early studies have shown that miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer and experimental data indicate that cancer phenotypes can be modified by targeting miRNA expression. Based on these observations, miRNA-based anticancer therapies are being developed, either alone or in combination with current targeted therapies, with the goal to improve disease response and increase cure rates. The advantage of using miRNA approaches is based on its ability to concurrently target multiple effectors of pathways involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. In this Review, we describe the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and critically discuss the rationale, the strategies and the challenges for the therapeutic targeting of miRNAs in cancer.
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32
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Pang Y, Liu J, Wu J, Li G, Wang R, Su Y, He P, Zhu X, Yan D, Zhu B. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of long-chain hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol) as drug carrier. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2093-102. [PMID: 20923233 DOI: 10.1021/bc100325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel long-chain hyperbranched poly(ethylene glycol)s (LHPEGs) with biodegradable connections were designed and synthesized in one pot through proton-transfer polymerization using PEG and commercial glycidyl methacrylate as monomers and potassium hydride as catalyst. The LHPEGs were hydrolyzed at neutral pH resulting in the decrease of molecular weights. In vitro evaluation demonstrated that LHPEGs were biocompatible and displayed negligible hemolytic activity. The efficient cellular uptake of LHPEGs was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Moreover, conjugation of a model hydrophobic anticancer drug methotrexate to LHPEGs inhibited the proliferation of a human cervical carcinoma Hela cell line. MTT assay indicated that the conjugated methotrexate dose required for 50% cellular growth inhibition against Hela cells was 20 μg/mL. By combining the advantages of long-chain hyperbranched structure and PEG, LHPEG provides a promising drug carrier for therapeutic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
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33
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Garzon R, Marcucci G, Croce CM. Targeting microRNAs in cancer: rationale, strategies and challenges. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:775-89. [PMID: 20885409 PMCID: PMC3904431 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1175] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Early studies have shown that miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer and experimental data indicate that cancer phenotypes can be modified by targeting miRNA expression. Based on these observations, miRNA-based anticancer therapies are being developed, either alone or in combination with current targeted therapies, with the goal to improve disease response and increase cure rates. The advantage of using miRNA approaches is based on its ability to concurrently target multiple effectors of pathways involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. In this Review, we describe the role of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and critically discuss the rationale, the strategies and the challenges for the therapeutic targeting of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Garzon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
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34
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Zhang X, Kovtun A, Mendoza-Palomares C, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Fioretti F, Rinckenbach S, Mainard D, Epple M, Benkirane-Jessel N. SiRNA-loaded multi-shell nanoparticles incorporated into a multilayered film as a reservoir for gene silencing. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6013-8. [PMID: 20488536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we presented a new type of coating based on polyelectrolyte multilayers containing sequentially adsorbed active shRNA calcium phosphate nanoparticles for locally defined and temporarily variable gene silencing. Therefore, we investigated multi-shell calcium phosphate-shRNA nanoparticles embedded into a polyelectrolyte multilayer for gene silencing. As model system, we synthesized triple-shell calcium phosphate-shRNA nanoparticles (NP) and prepared polyelectrolyte multilayers films made of nanoparticles and poly-(L-lysine) (PLL). The biological activities of these polyelectrolyte multilayers films were tested by the production of osteopontin and osteocalcin in the human osteoblasts (HOb) which were cultivated on the PEM films. This new strategy can be used to efficiently control the bone formation and could be applicable in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM, Unité 977, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Xiao Y, Li CM, Wang S, Shi J, Ooi CP. Incorporation of collagen in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for a bifunctional film with high bio- and electrochemical activity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:766-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Zhao X, Pan F, Holt CM, Lewis AL, Lu JR. Controlled delivery of antisense oligonucleotides: a brief review of current strategies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:673-86. [PMID: 19552611 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902992894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antisense therapy has been investigated extensively over the past two decades, either experimentally for gene functional research or clinically as therapeutic agents owing to the conceptual simplicity, ease of design and low cost. The concept of this therapeutic approach is promising because short antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be delivered into target cells for specific hybridisation with target mRNA, resulting in the inhibition of the expression of pathogenic genes. However, the efficient delivery of the ASO molecules into target cells remains challenging; this bottleneck together with several other technical hurdles need to be overcome before this approach becomes effective and widely adopted. A variety of vectors such as lipids, polymers, peptides and nanoparticles have been explored. This review outlines the recent advances of the non-viral ASO delivery strategies. Several recent scientific studies, including authors' contributions, have been selected to highlight the technical aspects of ASO delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Zhao
- University of Manchester, School of Physics and Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, Schuster Building, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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37
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Peddada LY, Harris NK, Devore DI, Roth CM. Novel graft copolymers enhance in vitro delivery of antisense oligonucleotides in the presence of serum. J Control Release 2009; 140:134-40. [PMID: 19699243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antisense technology holds tremendous potential in the research and clinical settings. However, successful delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to the intracellular site of action requires the passage of many barriers, including survival against extracellular serum nucleases and escape from endolysosomal degradation. Previous work has shown that the effectiveness of antisense delivery by the cationic liposome, dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), is enhanced substantially by the incorporation of a pH-sensitive polymer, poly (propylacrylic acid) (PPAA), in serum-free media. To improve this system for application in serum-containing media conditions, PPAA was modified in this work by grafting onto it either poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or a more hydrophobic analog, poly (oxyalkylene amine), known as Jeffamine. The ternary formulation of DOTAP/ODN/PPAA-g-Jeffamine resulted in 8-fold increased uptake of fluorescently-labeled ODNs compared to DOTAP/ODN/PPAA and ~80% silencing of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in CHO-d1EGFP cells treated in the presence of 10% FBS-containing media. In contrast, the carrier systems that contained PPAA or PPAA-g-PEO failed to display any significant antisense activity in the presence of serum, even though all of the delivery systems displayed moderate to high levels of antisense activity in serum-free conditions. The results reveal that the carrier system with the Jeffamine graft copolymer effectively mediates specific gene silencing in the presence of serum, while the system with the PEO graft copolymer fails to do so. While the pH-dependent lytic functionality of PPAA was found to be lost upon grafting with PEO or Jeffamine, the hydrophobicity of the latter was sufficient to mediate cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Thus, the PPAA-g-Jeffamine copolymers hold substantial promise as agents for controlled therapeutic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Y Peddada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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38
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Zhong W, Skwarczynski M, Toth I. Lipid Core Peptide System for Gene, Drug, and Vaccine Delivery. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A vast number of biologically active compounds await efficient delivery to become therapeutic agents. Lipidation has been demonstrated to be a convenient and useful approach to improve the stability and transport across biological membranes of potential drug molecules. The lipid core peptide (LCP) system has emerged as a promising lipidation tool because of its versatile features. This review discusses the progress in the development of the LCP system to improve cell permeability of nucleotides, physicochemical properties of potential drugs, and vaccine immunogenicity. Emphasis was put on the application of the LCP system to deliver antigens for the prevention of group A streptococcus infection, novel techniques of conjugation of target molecules to the LCP, and new alterations of the LCP system itself.
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Katas H, Cevher E, Alpar HO. Preparation of polyethyleneimine incorporated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles by spontaneous emulsion diffusion method for small interfering RNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 369:144-54. [PMID: 19010405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as an exciting new therapeutic approach. However, insufficient cellular uptake and poor stability have limited its usefulness. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been extensively studied as a vector for nucleic acids and incorporation of PEI into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles has been shown to be useful in the development of gene delivery. PEI was incorporated into the PLGA particles by spontaneous modified emulsification diffusion method. Incorporation of PEI into PLGA particles with the PLGA to PEI weight ratio 29:1 was found to produce spherical and positively charged nanoparticles where type of polymer, type and concentration of surfactant could affect their physical properties. Particle size of around 100nm was obtained when 5% (m/v) PVA was used as a stabiliser. PLGA-PEI nanoparticles were able to completely bind siRNA at N/P ratio 20:1 and to provide protection for siRNA against nuclease degradation. In vitro cell culture studies subsequently revealed that PLGA-PEI nanoparticles with adsorbed siRNA could efficiently silence the targeted gene in mammalian cells, better than PEI alone, with acceptable cell viability. PLGA-PEI nanoparticles have been found to be superior to its cationising parent compound; PEI polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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40
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Ye Z, Houssein HSH, Mahato RI. Bioconjugation of oligonucleotides for treating liver fibrosis. Oligonucleotides 2008; 17:349-404. [PMID: 18154454 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2007.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury due to hepatitis B and C, excessive alcohol ingestion, and metal ion overload. Fibrosis culminates in cirrhosis and results in liver failure. Therefore, a potent antifibrotic therapy is urgently needed to reverse scarring and eliminate progression to cirrhosis. Although activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain the principle cell type responsible for liver fibrosis, perivascular fibroblasts of portal and central veins as well as periductular fibroblasts are other sources of fibrogenic cells. This review will critically discuss various treatment strategies for liver fibrosis, including prevention of liver injury, reduction of inflammation, inhibition of HSC activation, degradation of scar matrix, and inhibition of aberrant collagen synthesis. Oligonucleotides (ODNs) are short, single-stranded nucleic acids, which disrupt expression of target protein by binding to complementary mRNA or forming triplex with genomic DNA. Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) provide an attractive strategy for treating liver fibrosis. A series of TFOs have been developed for inhibiting the transcription of alpha1(I) collagen gene, which opens a new area for antifibrotic drugs. There will be in-depth discussion on the use of TFOs and how different bioconjugation strategies can be utilized for their site-specific delivery to HSCs or hepatocytes for enhanced antifibrotic activities. Various insights developed in individual strategy and the need for multipronged approaches will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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41
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Terrier P, Tortajada J, Zin G, Buchmann W. Noncovalent complexes between DNA and basic polypeptides or polyamines by MALDI-TOF. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1977-89. [PMID: 17900921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
MALDI-MS was evaluated as a method for the study of noncovalent complexes involving DNA oligonucleotides and various polybasic compounds (basic polypeptides and polyamines). Complexes involving single-stranded DNA were successfully detected using DHAP matrix in the presence of an ammonium salt. Control experiments confirmed that the interactions involved basic sites of the polybasic compounds and that the complexes were not formed in the gas phase but were pre-existing in the matrix crystals. Moreover, the pre-existence in solution was probed by isothermal titration calorimetry at concentration and ionic strength similar to those used for mass spectrometry. Spectra showed no important difference between negative and positive ion modes. The influence of nature and size of DNA and polybasic compound on the relative intensities and stoichiometries of the complexes was investigated. Despite the fact that relative intensities can be affected by ionization yields and the gas-phase stabilities of the different species, numerous trends observed in the MALDI study were consistent with the expected in-solution behaviors. Experimental conditions related to sample preparation were investigated also. Complex abundance generally decreased when increasing the ammonium acetate concentration. It was dramatically decreased when using ATT instead of DHAP. Penta-L-arginine is an exception to these observations. Lastly, in the case of complexes involving DNA duplex, the ATT matrix was shown to favor the observation of specific DNA duplex but not that of its complex with polybasic compounds. Inversely, DHAP was appropriate for the conservation of DNA-polybasic compound interaction but not for the transfer of intact duplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peran Terrier
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry, France
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43
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Jia N, Lian Q, Shen H, Wang C, Li X, Yang Z. Intracellular delivery of quantum dots tagged antisense oligodeoxynucleotides by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:2976-80. [PMID: 17725375 DOI: 10.1021/nl071114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the goal of identifying an improved delivery scheme for intracellular tracking and anticancer therapy, we explored a novel double functionalization of a carbon nanotube delivery system containing antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASODNs) as a therapeutic gene and CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent labeling probes via electrostatically layer-by-layer assembling. This is the first time that we used mercaptoacetic acid-capped CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent labeling probes for clearly tracking the intracellular transport and evaluating delivery efficiency of ASODNs by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengqin Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Life and Environmental Science College, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China.
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Gautier C, Cougnon C, Pilard JF, Casse N, Chénais B. A poly(cyclopentadithiophene) matrix suitable for electrochemically controlled DNA delivery. Anal Chem 2007; 79:7920-3. [PMID: 17850112 DOI: 10.1021/ac071066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A conducting polymer is tested for DNA delivery trials. The conducting matrix used is successful for electrochemical delivery of DNA accumulated by covalent immobilization. The electrochemical process consists of the reduction of arylsulfonamide moieties, which occur as linker groups. The specific design of the polymer allows the electronic properties to be promoted, making available the cleavage potential in physiological media. The amount of DNA released from a modified platinum electrode is investigated by quartz crystal microbalance. The released species used to prove the system performance are long sequences of DNA strands, which are amplified by PCR after liberation and identified by electrophoresis migration.
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Gary DJ, Puri N, Won YY. Polymer-based siRNA delivery: Perspectives on the fundamental and phenomenological distinctions from polymer-based DNA delivery. J Control Release 2007; 121:64-73. [PMID: 17588702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy holds tremendous promise in the treatment of many genetic and acquired diseases. The future of gene therapy in humans, however, is contingent upon the discovery of safe and effective carriers of genetic material. Polymers represent a class of materials that can be extensively modified to meet the needs of a particular gene delivery system. A variety of polymer formulations have been proposed in the literature as potential carriers, most of which facilitate gene delivery by encapsulating, and in some cases, condensing nucleic acids into nano-sized particles which can then be taken up by cells. Crucial to successful delivery of the gene to a cell is the polymer's ability to protect its contents from degradation in the extracellular environment. A well-designed carrier will also promote cellular uptake and intracellular release of the nucleic acid. In the past, a common approach to gene therapy has been to transfect cells with a polymer-encapsulated DNA plasmid designed to replace a defective gene in the target-cell genome. Within the last few years, however, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a novel therapeutic pathway by which harmful genes can be "silenced" by delivering complementary short interfering RNA (siRNA) to target cells. siRNA delivery facilitated by polymers, although very promising, suffers from many of the same limitations as DNA delivery. This review will (1) highlight the similarities and differences between these two methods of gene therapy and (2) discuss how some of the remaining challenges in siRNA delivery facilitated by polymers can be addressed by applying knowledge from the longer-studied problem of DNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Gary
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Minari J, Kubo T, Ohba H, Shimada N, Takeda Y, Karinaga R, Anada T, Koumoto K, Kawazu T, Nagasaki T, Shinkai S, Sakurai K. Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Nuclear Telomere RNA by Use of a Complex between Polysaccharide and Polynucleotide. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bermejo JF, Ortega P, Chonco L, Eritja R, Samaniego R, Müllner M, de Jesus E, de la Mata FJ, Flores JC, Gomez R, Muñoz-Fernandez A. Water-soluble carbosilane dendrimers: synthesis biocompatibility and complexation with oligonucleotides; evaluation for medical applications. Chemistry 2007; 13:483-95. [PMID: 17004291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Novel amine- or ammonium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers of type nG-[Si{OCH2(C6H3)-3,5-(OCH2CH2NMe2)2}]x, nG-[Si{O(CH2)2N(Me)(CH2)2NMe2}]x and nG-[Si{(CH2)3NH2}]x or nG-[Si{OCH2(C6H3)-3,5-(OCH2CH2NMe3 +I-)2}]x, nG-[Si{O(CH2)2N(Me)(CH2)2NMe3 +I-}]x, and nG-[Si{(CH2)3NH3 +Cl-}]x have been synthesized and characterized up to the third generation by two strategies: 1) alcoholysis of Si--Cl bonds with amino alcohols and subsequent quaternization with MeI, and 2) hydrosilylation of allylamine with Si--H bonds of the dendritic systems and subsequent quaternization with HCl. Quaternized carbosilane dendrimers are soluble in water, although degradation is apparent due to hydrolysis of Si--O bonds. However, dendrimers containing Si--C bonds are water-stable. The biocompatibility of the second-generation dendrimers in primary cell cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and erythrocytes have been analyzed, and they show good toxicity profiles over extended periods. In addition, we describe a study on the interactions between the different carbosilane dendrimers and DNA oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and plasmids along with a comparative analysis of their toxicity. They can form complexes with DNA ODNs and plasmids at biocompatible doses via electrostatic interaction. Also a preliminary transfection assay has been accomplished. These results demonstrate that the new ammonium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers are good base molecules to be considered for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus F Bermejo
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Choleris E, Little SR, Mong JA, Puram SV, Langer R, Pfaff DW. Microparticle-based delivery of oxytocin receptor antisense DNA in the medial amygdala blocks social recognition in female mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4670-5. [PMID: 17360582 PMCID: PMC1838659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700670104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social recognition constitutes the basis of social life. In male mice and rats, social recognition is known to be governed by the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) through its action on OT receptors (OTRs) in the medial amygdala. In female rats and mice, which have sociosexual behaviors controlling substantial investment in reproduction, an important role for OT in sociosexual behaviors has also been shown. However, the site in the female brain for OT action on social recognition is still unknown. Here we used a customized, controlled release system of biodegradable polymeric microparticles to deliver, in the medial amygdala of female mice, "locked nucleic acid" antisense (AS) oligonucleotides with sequences specific for the mRNA of the OTR gene. We found that single bilateral intraamygdala injections of OTR AS locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides several days before behavioral testing reduced social recognition. Thus, we showed that gene expression for OTR specifically in the amygdala is required for normal social recognition in female mice. Importantly, during the same experiment, we performed a detailed ethological analysis of mouse behavior revealing that OTR AS-treated mice underwent an initial increase in ambivalent risk-assessment behavior. Other behaviors were not affected, thus revealing specific roles for amygdala OTR in female social recognition potentially mediated by anxiety in a social context. Understanding the functional genomics of OT and OTR in social recognition should help elucidate the neurobiological bases of human disorders of social behavior (e.g., autism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Choleris
- *Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jessica A. Mong
- *Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142; and
| | - Donald W. Pfaff
- *Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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Terrier P, Tortajada J, Buchmann W. A study of noncovalent complexes involving single-stranded DNA and polybasic compounds using nanospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:346-58. [PMID: 17095242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Revised: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent complexes involving a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide and a polybasic compound (spermine, penta-L-lysine, penta-L-arginine, or polydisperse poly-L-lysine) were detected by nanospray-MS. Several control experiments tended to show that these complexes preexisted in solution and that the interactions were initially ionic ones between oligonucleotide phosphates and protonated basic sites of the polybasic compound. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments carried out with these complexes allowed us to identify some differences in the nature of the interactions between the solution and the gas phase, arising from possible proton transfers. Different dissociation pathways were observed according to the nature of the polybasic compound and to the initial charge state of the complex. The complex involving spermine dissociated by cleavage of noncovalent bonds leading to the separation of the two components, whereas the one involving penta-L-arginine underwent fragmentations of covalent bonds. Both behaviors were independent of the initial charge state of the complex. On the other hand, the dissociation pathway of the complex involving penta-L-lysine has been shown to be clearly charge state dependent. Noncovalent dissociation (separation of the two components) driven by coulomb repulsion occurred for the higher charged complexes, whereas fragmentation of covalent bonds was the main pathway of the lower charged complexes. In the latter case, differences in CID behavior were observed for different lengths of poly-L-lysine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peran Terrier
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, CNRS UMR 8587, Evry, France
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