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Gülyüz S, Sessevmez M, Ukuser G, Khalily MP, Tiryaki S, Sipahioglu T, Birgül K, Ömeroğlu İ, Özçubukçu S, Telci D, Küçükgüzel ŞG, Durmuş M, Cevher E, Yılmaz Ö. A Novel PEtOx-Based Nanogel Targeting Prostate Cancer Cells for Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300324. [PMID: 37827519 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on creating a specialized nanogel for targeted drug delivery in cancer treatment, specifically targeting prostate cancer. This nanogel (referred to as SGK 636/Peptide 563/PEtOx nanogel) is created using hydrophilic poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) through a combination of living/cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" chemical reactions. A fluorescent probe (BODIPY) is also conjugated with the nanogel to monitor drug delivery. The characterizations through 1 H-NMR, and FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and DLS confirm the successful production of uniform, and spherical nanogels with controllable sizes (100 to 296 nm) and stability in physiological conditions. The biocompatibility of nanogels is evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assays, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Drug-loaded nanogels exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against cancer cells in vitro compared to drug-free nanogels. Targeting efficiency is examined using both peptide-conjugated and peptide-free nanogels, with the intracellular uptake of peptide 563-conjugated nanogels by tumor cells being 60-fold higher than that of nanogels without the peptide. The findings suggest that the prepared nanogel holds great potential for various drug delivery applications due to its ease of synthesis, tunable functionality, non-toxicity, and enhanced intracellular uptake in the tumor region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Gülyüz
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Ukuser
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Department of Basic Science and Health, Cannabis Research Institute, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, 66100, Turkey
| | - Selen Tiryaki
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Tarik Sipahioglu
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Kaan Birgül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Bahçeşehir University, Beşiktaş, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
| | - İpek Ömeroğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ş Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Fenerbahçe University, Ataşehir, Istanbul, 34758, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34116, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yılmaz
- Material Technologies, Marmara Research Center, TUBITAK, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41470, Turkey
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Sinani G, Durgun ME, Cevher E, Özsoy Y. Polymeric-Micelle-Based Delivery Systems for Nucleic Acids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2021. [PMID: 37631235 PMCID: PMC10457940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids can modulate gene expression specifically. They are increasingly being utilized and show huge potential for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. However, the clinical translation of nucleic acids faces many challenges due to their rapid clearance after administration, low stability in physiological fluids and limited cellular uptake, which is associated with an inability to reach the intracellular target site and poor efficacy. For many years, tremendous efforts have been made to design appropriate delivery systems that enable the safe and effective delivery of nucleic acids at the target site to achieve high therapeutic outcomes. Among the different delivery platforms investigated, polymeric micelles have emerged as suitable delivery vehicles due to the versatility of their structures and the possibility to tailor their composition for overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Many strategies, such as the addition of stimuli-sensitive groups or specific ligands, can be used to facilitate the delivery of various nucleic acids and improve targeting and accumulation at the site of action while protecting nucleic acids from degradation and promoting their cellular uptake. Furthermore, polymeric micelles can be used to deliver both chemotherapeutic drugs and nucleic acid therapeutics simultaneously to achieve synergistic combination treatment. This review focuses on the design approaches and current developments in polymeric micelles for the delivery of nucleic acids. The different preparation methods and characteristic features of polymeric micelles are covered. The current state of the art of polymeric micelles as carriers for nucleic acids is discussed while highlighting the delivery challenges of nucleic acids and how to overcome them and how to improve the safety and efficacy of nucleic acids after local or systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genada Sinani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, 34147 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Meltem Ezgi Durgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Türkiye; (M.E.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Türkiye; (M.E.D.); (E.C.)
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34126 Istanbul, Türkiye; (M.E.D.); (E.C.)
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Davut Arpa M, Üstündağ Okur N, Koray Gök M, Özgümüş S, Cevher E. Chitosan-based buccal mucoadhesive patches to enhance the systemic bioavailability of tizanidine. Int J Pharm 2023:123168. [PMID: 37356512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tizanidine hydrochloride (TZN) is a muscle relaxant used to treat a variety of disorders such as painful muscle spasms and chronic spasticity. TZN has low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and is used orally at a dose of 6-24 mg per day. In the present study, buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting method using chitosan glutamate (Chi-Glu) and novel chitosan azelate (Chi-Aze) which was synthesised in-house for the first time, to enhance the bioavailability of TZN by bypassing first-pass metabolism. The characterisation, mucoadhesion and drug release studies were performed. Chi-Aze patches retained their integrity longer in the buccal medium and showed higher ex vivo drug permeability compared to that prepared with Chi-Glu. In vivo studies revealed that buccal formulation fabricated with Chi-Aze (3%) showed approx 3 times more bioavailability than the orally administered commercial product. Results of the studies indicate that Chi-Aze, prepared by conjugation of chitosan and a fatty acid, the patch formulation is a promising buccal mucoadhesive system due to the physical stability in buccal medium, the good mucoadhesiveness and the high TZN bioavailability. Moreover, Chi-Aze patch might be an alternative to oral formulations of TZN to reduce the dose and frequency of drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Davut Arpa
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34085, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Koray Gök
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Istanbul University, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34116, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Arslan D, Akbal Dağıstan Ö, Sagirli O, Mulazimoglu L, Cevher E, Yildiz-Pekoz A. Development and Evaluation of Combined Effect Buccal Films for Treatment of Oral Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 24:23. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Özcan Bülbül E, Üstündağ Okur N, Mısırlı D, Cevher E, Tsanaktsis V, Bingöl Özakpınar Ö, Siafaka PI. Applying quality by design approach for the determination of potent paclitaxel loaded poly(lactic acid) based implants for localized tumor drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2067538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Özcan Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Mısırlı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasilios Tsanaktsis
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Panoraia I. Siafaka
- School of Health Studies, KES College, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Koray Gök M, Demir K, Cevher E, Pabuccuoğlu S, Özgümüş S. Efficient Polycation Non-Viral Gene Delivery System with High Buffering Capacity and Low Molecular Weight for Primary Cells: Branched Poly(β-aminoester) Containing Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amine Groups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akay AS, Arısan V, Cevher E, Sessevmez M, Cam B. Oxytocin-loaded sustained-release hydrogel graft provides accelerated bone formation: An experimental rat study. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1676-1687. [PMID: 32017187 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of the lost bone volume is one of the most deliberate issues in dentistry. Sustained-release microspherical oxytocin hormone in a poloxamer hydrogel scaffold combined with a mixture of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite (CP) may serve as a suitable bone graft. The aim of this study was to design and test a novel thermosensitive hydrogel graft incorporating oxytocin-loaded poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) sustained-release microspheres and CP. Thermosensitive poloxamer hydrogel containing CP (HCP graft) was prepared as a base and combined with hollow microspheres (HCPM) and oxytocin-loaded microspheres (HCPOM). Eighty Wistar rats were used for testing the grafts and a control group in 8-mm-diameter critical-sized calvarial defects (CSD); (n = 20). Bone healing at the 4th and 8th weeks was evaluated by histological, histomorphometric, and radiological (micro-computed tomography [µCT]) analyses. The results were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (P < .05). Oxytocin-loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by the solvent displacement method yielded a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.5% and a slow drug release. Incorporation of the microspheres into the hydrogel graft slowed the release rate down and the release completed within 32 days. HCPOM revealed the highest new bone formation (26.45% ± 6.65% and 30.76% ± 4.37% at the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0001) while HCPM and HCP groups revealed a bone formation of around 10% (P > .05). µCT findings of HCPOM group showed the highest mean bone mineral density values (42.21 ± 5.14 and 46.94 ± 3.30 g/cm3 for the 4th and 8th weeks, respectively; P < .0027). The proposed oxytocin-loaded sustained-release PLGA microspheres containing thermosensitive hydrogel graft (HCPOM) provide an accelerated bone regeneration in the rat calvaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Sumeyye Akay
- Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Çapa, Turkey
| | - Volkan Arısan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Çapa, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Cam
- Department of Physiology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
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Morina D, Sessevmez M, Sinani G, Mülazımoğlu L, Cevher E. Oral tablet formulations containing cyclodextrin complexes of poorly water soluble cefdinir to enhance its bioavailability. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Özcan Bülbül E, Mesut B, Cevher E, Öztaş E, Özsoy Y. Product transfer from lab-scale to pilot-scale of quetiapine fumarate orodispersible films using quality by design approach. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Erten Taysi A, Cevher E, Sessevmez M, Olgac V, Mert Taysi N, Atalay B. The efficacy of sustained-release chitosan microspheres containing recombinant human parathyroid hormone on MRONJ. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e086. [PMID: 31483052 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with bisphosphonate usage is a significant concern for oral surgeons because it interferes with jaw bone turnover and regeneration. In case of adverse effects manifesting related to bisphosphonate use, oral surgeons are usually treating and keep the patient's symptoms under control. In this study, we aimed to investigate a new treatment protocol for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This treatment protocol consisted of administering human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) loaded chitosan microspheres which were prepared by ionotropic gelation method or/and the prepared microspheres were suspended in a poloxamer gel. After in-vitro optimization studies, the efficacy of the chosen formulations was evaluated in-vivo studies. Zoledronic acid was administered daily to forty-eight adult female Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into four experimental groups, at a daily concentration of 0.11 mg/kg over three weeks to induce the MRONJ model. At the end of this period, maxillary left molar teeth were extracted. In the first group, the subjects received no treatment. In the negative control group, poloxamer hydrogel containing empty microspheres were immediately applied to the soft tissues surrounding the extraction socket. The treatment group-1 was treated with local injections of poloxamer hydrogel containing hPTH. The treatment group-2 was treated with a single local injection of poloxamer hydrogel containing hPTH-loaded chitosan microspheres. Both treatment groups received a total of 7 µg of hPTH at the end of the treatment protocol. Our study demonstrates successful attenuation of MRONJ through a local drug delivery system combined with hPTH, as opposed to previously attempted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Erten Taysi
- Altinbas University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vakur Olgac
- Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Tumor Pathology and Cytology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Mert Taysi
- İstinye University, Vocational School of Health Care Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berkem Atalay
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Vocational School of Health Care Services, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sinani G, Sessevmez M, Gök MK, Özgümüş S, Alpar HO, Cevher E. Modified chitosan-based nanoadjuvants enhance immunogenicity of protein antigens after mucosal vaccination. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118592. [PMID: 31386881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nasal vaccination is considered to be an effective and convenient way of increasing immune responses both systemically and locally. Although various nanovaccine carriers have been introduced as potential immune adjuvants, further improvements are still needed before they can be taken to clinical usage. Chitosan-based nanovaccine carriers are one of the most widely studiedadjuvants, owing to the abilityof chitosan toopen tight junctions between nasal epithelial cells and enhance particle uptake as well as its inherent immune activating role. In present study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded nanoparticles were prepared using novel aminated (aChi) and aminated plus thiolated chitosan (atChi) polymers, to further enhance mucoadhesiveness and adjuvanticity of the vaccine system by improving electrostatic interactions of polymers with negatively charged glycoproteins. Nanocarriers with optimum size and surface charge, high encapsulation efficiency of model antigen and good stability were developed. Negligible toxicity was observed in Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. In vivo studies, revealed high levels of systemic antibodies (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a) throughout the study and presence of sIgA in vaginal washes showed that common mucosal system was successfully stimulated. Cytokine levels indicated a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. A shift towards cellular immune responses was observed after nasal immunisation with antigen loaded nanoparticle formulations. These nanoparticles exhibit great potential for nasal application of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genada Sinani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, 34144 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Koray Gök
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Oya Alpar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, 34144 Istanbul, Turkey; School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL), WC1N 1AX London, UK
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Üstündağ Okur N, Hökenek N, Okur ME, Ayla Ş, Yoltaş A, Siafaka PI, Cevher E. An alternative approach to wound healing field; new composite films from natural polymers for mupirocin dermal delivery. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:738-752. [PMID: 31297030 PMCID: PMC6598503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, novel adhesive films were prepared for Mupirocin dermal delivery. Natural polymers as chitosan, sodium alginate and carbopol were used for films development to evaluate possible interactions and drug release properties. Solvent evaporation method was used for films preparation. Preliminary studies involved FT-IR spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy to specify interactions and morphology. Thickness, tensile strength and water uptake in phosphate buffer saline were evaluated whereas in vitro release studies were also performed. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that mupirocin release was improved. Ex vivo bioadhesion and permeation studies using Balb-c mice were performed to check the suitability of the films. Antimicrobial ability was evaluated by agar well diffusion tests. Finally, excisional wound model applied to test the wound healing effect and evaluated macroscopic and histopathologically. One formulation was found more effective compared to the market product for wound healing at Balb-c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hökenek
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şule Ayla
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yoltaş
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Fundamental and Industrial Microbiology Division, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gök MK, Demir K, Cevher E, Özgümüş S, Pabuccuoğlu S. Effect of the linear aliphatic amine functionalization on in vitro transfection efficiency of chitosan nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 207:580-587. [PMID: 30600042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare the long linear aliphatic amine pendant group-functionalized chitosan based nanoparticulate gene carrier system with improved properties for the efficient transfection. The amine functionalized chitosan (MChi) was synthesized by using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HE-EDA) and characterized for the first time. The nanoparticles of MChi (nMChi) were prepared by ionic gelation method, and their particle size, polydispersity (PDI), zeta potential (mV), gene binding capacity and cytotoxicity were determined. Green Fluorescent Protein circular plasmid DNA (pEGFN1) loaded nanoparticles (gnMChi) were used in the transfection studies. The results showed that nMChi with a particle size of 102.9 nm and zeta potential of 41.9 ± 5.63 mV was non-toxic, had high transfection efficiency in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 and Primary Ovine Fibroblast cell lines and would be used as an efficient gene carrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Koray Gök
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamber Demir
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serhat Pabuccuoğlu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Göker F, Ersanlı S, Arısan V, Cevher E, Güzel EE, İşsever H, Ömer B, Durmuş Altun G, Morina D, Ekiz Yılmaz T, Dervişoğlu E, Del Fabbro M. Combined effect of parathyroid hormone and strontium ranelate on bone healing in ovariectomized rats. Oral Dis 2018; 24:1255-1269. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Göker
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche; Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi I.R.C.C.S.; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Selim Ersanlı
- Oral Implantology Department; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Volkan Arısan
- Oral Implantology Department; Faculty of Dentistry; Istanbul University; Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Istanbul University; Beyazıt, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Emine Elif Güzel
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Halim İşsever
- Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Beyhan Ömer
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gülay Durmuş Altun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Trakya University; Edirne Turkey
| | - Deniz Morina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Istanbul University; Beyazıt, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tuğba Ekiz Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Elmire Dervişoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Istanbul University; Fatih, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche; Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi I.R.C.C.S.; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
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Yildiz-Peköz A, Akbal O, Tekarslan SH, Sagirli AO, Mulazimoglu L, Morina D, Cevher E. Preparation and Characterization of Doripenem-Loaded Microparticles for Pulmonary Delivery. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2018; 31:347-357. [PMID: 29877747 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pneumonia is a bacterial lower respiratory tract infection that has a high morbidity rate. The gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of nosocomial infections and ventilator-associated pneumonias and is mainly treated by carbapenems. Doripenem is a carbapenem drug, which has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to develop doripenem-loaded chitosan microparticles for pulmonary administration to provide more efficient treatment for pneumonia. Methods: Ionotropic gelation and the spray-drying method were used to obtain doripenem-loaded chitosan microparticles with different lactose, trehalose, and L-leucine concentrations. Physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release properties, and aerodynamics properties were investigated and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the formulations were performed. Assessment of aerodynamic properties of the powders, including Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter, size distribution, and fine particle fraction (FPF), were performed using a Next Generation Impactor. Cytotoxicity of the fabricated microparticles was assessed using the Calu-3 cell airway epithelial cell line. Results: Optimum microparticles were produced using a combination of ionotropic gelation and spray-drying methods. Spray-dried microparticle production yield was relatively high (74.03% ± 3.88% to 98.23% ± 1.70%). Lactose, trehalose, and L-leucine were added to the formulation to prevent aggregation produced by the ionotropic gelation spray-drying method. Each formulation's encapsulation efficiency was above 78.98% ± 2.37%. The doripenem-loaded microparticle mean diameter ranged from 3.8 ± 0.110 to 6.9 ± 0.090 μm. Microparticles with 20% (w/w) L-leucine had the highest FPF ratio indicating the best aerosolization properties of the formulations. The efficacy of the formulations as an antibacterial agent was increased by forming doripenem-loaded microparticles compared to blank microparticles. P. aeruginosa showed the same susceptibility to all doripenem-loaded microparticle formulations. Cell viability of microparticles was between 70% ± 0.08% and 90% ± 0.04% at 0.5 and 10 mg/mL concentration, respectively. Conclusions: Doripenem-loaded microparticles, produced using a combination of ionotropic gelation and spray-drying methods, are suitable for pulmonary drug delivery based on their particles size, zeta potential, cytotoxicity and high production yield. To our knowledge, this is the first study that microparticles containing doripenem were produced and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Yildiz-Peköz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Akbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Hande Tekarslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Olcay Sagirli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lütfiye Mulazimoglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Morina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bal Öztürk A, Cevher E, Pabuccuoğlu S, Özgümüş S. pH sensitive functionalized hyperbranched polyester based nanoparticulate system for the receptor-mediated targeted cancer therapy. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1452226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Bal Öztürk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Pabuccuoğlu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Akbal O, Cevher E, Araman AO. The development and in vitro evaluation of benzydamine hydrochloride medicated chewing gum formulations. Istanbul J Pharm 2017. [DOI: 10.5152/istanbuljpharm.2017.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Sinani G, Sessevmez M, Koray Gök M, Özgümüş S, Okyar A, Oya Alpar H, Cevher E. Nasal vaccination with poly(β-amino ester)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) hybrid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2017. [PMID: 28629979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination stimulates both mucosal and systemic immunity. However, mucosal applications of vaccine antigens in their free form generally result in poor systemic immune responses and need adjuvantation. In this study, bovine serum albumin loaded, new hybridised poly(β-amino ester)-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, characterised and evaluated in vivo as nasal vaccine carriers. Cationic spherical particles with a mean size of 240nm, good physical stability and high encapsulation efficiency were obtained. Protein structure was not affected throughout preparation and minimal toxicity was shown in Calu-3 and A549 cells. Nasal vaccination with these nanoparticles revealed markedly higher humoral immune responses compared with free antigen following intranasal and subcutaneous immunisation. Mucosal immune response was also stimulated and cytokine titres indicated that Th1 and Th2 pathways were successfully activated. This study shows that the formulated hybrid nanoparticles can be a promising carrier for nasal immunisation of poor antigenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genada Sinani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Sessevmez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Koray Gök
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Okyar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Oya Alpar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Istanbul Kemerburgaz University, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey; School of Pharmacy, University of London, WC1N 1AX London, UK
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Gök MK, Özgümüş S, Demir K, Cirit Ü, Pabuccuoğlu S, Cevher E, Özsoy Y, Bacınoğlu S. Development of starch based mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems for application in veterinary medicine. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cevher E, Salomon SK, Makrakis A, Li XW, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan–pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: optimisation and cellular studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:755-68. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cevher E, Salomon SK, Somavarapu S, Brocchini S, Alpar HO. Development of chitosan-pullulan composite nanoparticles for nasal delivery of vaccines: in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2015; 32:769-83. [PMID: 26480962 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2015.1073393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed at developing chitosan/pullulan composite nanoparticles and testing their potential as novel systems for the nasal delivery of diphtheria toxoid (DT). All the chitosan derivatives [N-trimethyl (TMC), chloride and glutamate] and carboxymethyl pullulan (CMP) were synthesised and antigen-loaded composites were prepared by polyion complexation of chitosan and pullulan derivatives (particle size: 239-405 nm; surface charge: +18 and +27 mV). Their immunological effects after intranasal administration to mice were compared to intramuscular route. Composite nanoparticles induced higher levels of IgG responses than particles formed with chitosan derivative and antigen. Nasally administered TMC-pullulan composites showed higher DT serum IgG titre when compared with the other composites. Co-encapsulation of CpG ODN within TMC-CMP-DT nanoparticles resulted in a balanced Th1/Th2 response. TMC/pullulan composite nanoparticles also induced highest cytokine levels compared to those of chitosan salts. These findings demonstrated that TMC-CMP-DT composite nanoparticles are promising delivery system for nasal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Stefan K Salomon
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,c GlaxoSmithKline , London , United Kingdom , and
| | - Satyanarayana Somavarapu
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Steve Brocchini
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom
| | - H Oya Alpar
- b Department of Pharmaceutics , The UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London , London , United Kingdom .,d Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kemerburgaz University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Aksu B, Yegen G, Purisa S, Cevher E, Ozsoy Y. Optimisation of Ondansetron Orally Disintegrating Tablets Using Artificial Neural Networks. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Bektaş A, Cevher E, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Design and Evaluation of Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Films for the Controlled Delivery of Nifedipine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2014; 62:144-52. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c13-00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Bektaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
| | - Sevgi Güngör
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
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Orhan Z, Cevher E, Yildiz A, Ahiskali R, Sensoy D, Mülazimoğlu L. Biodegradable microspherical implants containing teicoplanin for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2010; 130:135-42. [PMID: 19434413 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-009-0886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to prepare poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspherical implants containing teicoplanin (TCP) using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method and to evaluate its efficacy for the local treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. METHODS The particle size and distribution, morphological characteristics, thermal behaviour, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release assessments of the formulations were carried out. Sterile TCP–PLGA microspheres were implanted in the proximal tibia of rats with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis. After 3 weeks of treatment, bone samples were analysed with a microbiological assay and evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS Microspheres between the size ranges of 2.01 and 3.91 μm were obtained. Production yield of all formulations was found to be higher than 82% and encapsulation efficiencies of 33.6–69.8% were obtained. DSC thermogram showed that the TCP was in an amorphous state in microspheres. In vitro drug release studies had indicated that the drug release rate of microspheres was decreased upon increasing the polymer:drug ratio. Based on the in vivo data, rats treated with implants and intramuscular injection showed 1.7 × 10(3) ± 1.3 × 10(3) and 5.8 × 10(4) ± 5.3 × 10(4) colony forming unit of MRSA in 1 g bone samples (CFU/g), respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo studies had shown that the TCP–PLGA microspheres were effective for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in an animal experimental model. Hence, these microspheres may be potentially useful in the clinical setting with the need for further investigation for optimal dosing of TCP–PLGA microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Orhan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Düzce University, 81620 Düzce, Turkey.
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Katas H, Chen S, Osamuyimen AA, Cevher E, Oya Alpar H. Effect of preparative variables on small interfering RNA loaded Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-chitosan submicron particles prepared by emulsification diffusion method. J Microencapsul 2009; 25:541-8. [PMID: 18465303 DOI: 10.1080/02652040802075567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-chitosan particles were investigated as an effective delivery system for small interfering RNA (siRNA) by emulsification diffusion method. The type, molecular weight and concentration of chitosan, PLGA type as well as centrifugation and freeze-drying process were amongst the investigated variables. PLGA-chitosan particles obtained were positively charged with particle size between approximately 0.4-1 microm depending on type, molecular weight and concentration of chitosan as well as type of PLGA. A better siRNA loading capacity was observed when a higher degree of 'uncapped end groups' were used. The addition of trehalose has also been shown to stabilize these particles from severe aggregation induced by freeze-drying. It was found that physical properties of PLGA-chitosan particles and their siRNA binding capacity were highly influenced by certain preparation parameters. The desired positive charge of submicron size range PLGA-chitosan particles could therefore be obtained by adjusting and optimizing these preparative and formulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
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Abstract
Nasal drug delivery may be used for either local or systemic effects. Low molecular weight drugs with are rapidly absorbed through nasal mucosa. The main reasons for this are the high permeability, fairly wide absorption area, porous and thin endothelial basement membrane of the nasal epithelium. Despite the many advantages of the nasal route, limitations such as the high molecular weight (HMW) of drugs may impede drug absorption through the nasal mucosa. Recent studies have focused particularly on the nasal application of HMW therapeutic agents such as peptide-protein drugs and vaccines intended for systemic effects. Due to their hydrophilic structure, the nasal bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs is normally less than 1%. Besides their weak mucosal membrane permeability and enzymatic degradation in nasal mucosa, these drugs are rapidly cleared from the nasal cavity after administration because of mucociliary clearance. There are many approaches for increasing the residence time of drug formulations in the nasal cavity resulting in enhanced drug absorption. In this review article, nasal route and transport mechanisms across the nasal mucosa will be briefly presented. In the second part, current studies regarding the nasal application of macromolecular drugs and vaccines with nano- and micro-particulate carrier systems will be summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yildiz Ozsoy
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34116-Universite, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sensoy D, Cevher E, Sarici A, Yilmaz M, Ozdamar A, Bergişadi N. Bioadhesive sulfacetamide sodium microspheres: evaluation of their effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a rabbit model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 72:487-95. [PMID: 19223014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare bioadhesive sulfacetamide sodium (SA) microspheres to increase their residence time on the ocular surface and to enhance their treatment efficacy on ocular keratitis. Microspheres were fabricated by spray drying method using mixture of polymers such as pectin, polycarbophil and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) at different ratios. The particle size and distribution, morphological characteristics, thermal behavior, encapsulation efficiency, mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release studies on formulations have been investigated. After optimisation studies, SA-loaded polycarbophil microsphere formulation with polymer:drug ratio of 2:1 was found to be the most suitable for ocular application and used in in vivo studies. In vivo studies were carried out on New Zealand male rabbit eyes with keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Sterile microsphere suspension in light mineral oil was applied to infected eyes twice a day. Plain SA suspension was used as a positive control. On 3rd and 6th days of the antimicrobial therapy, the eyes were examined in respect to clinical signs of infection (blepharitis, conjunctivitis, iritis, corneal oedema and corneal infiltrates) which are the main symptoms of bacterial keratitis and then cornea samples were counted microbiologically. The rabbit eyes treated with microspheres demonstrated significantly lower clinical scores than those treated with SA alone. A significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria in eyes treated with microspheres was observed in both infection models when compared to those treated with SA alone. In conclusion, in vitro and in vivo studies showed that SA-loaded microspheres were proven to be highly effective in the treatment of ocular keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Sensoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Katas H, Cevher E, Alpar HO. Preparation of polyethyleneimine incorporated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles by spontaneous emulsion diffusion method for small interfering RNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2008; 369:144-54. [PMID: 19010405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as an exciting new therapeutic approach. However, insufficient cellular uptake and poor stability have limited its usefulness. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been extensively studied as a vector for nucleic acids and incorporation of PEI into poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles has been shown to be useful in the development of gene delivery. PEI was incorporated into the PLGA particles by spontaneous modified emulsification diffusion method. Incorporation of PEI into PLGA particles with the PLGA to PEI weight ratio 29:1 was found to produce spherical and positively charged nanoparticles where type of polymer, type and concentration of surfactant could affect their physical properties. Particle size of around 100nm was obtained when 5% (m/v) PVA was used as a stabiliser. PLGA-PEI nanoparticles were able to completely bind siRNA at N/P ratio 20:1 and to provide protection for siRNA against nuclease degradation. In vitro cell culture studies subsequently revealed that PLGA-PEI nanoparticles with adsorbed siRNA could efficiently silence the targeted gene in mammalian cells, better than PEI alone, with acceptable cell viability. PLGA-PEI nanoparticles have been found to be superior to its cationising parent compound; PEI polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Pandit S, Cevher E, Zariwala MG, Somavarapu S, Alpar HO. Enhancement of immune response of HBsAg loaded poly (L-lactic acid) microspheres against Hepatitis B through incorporation of alum and chitosan. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:539-52. [PMID: 17654174 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701443700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLA) microparticles encapsulating Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with alum and chitosan were investigated for their potential as a vaccine delivery system. METHODS The microparticles, prepared using a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or chitosan as the external phase stabilising agent showed a significant increase in the encapsulation efficiency of the antigen. RESULTS PLA-Alum and PLA-chitosan microparticles induced HBsAg serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly higher than PLA only microparticles and free antigen following subcutaneous administration. Chitosan not only imparted a positive charge to the surface of the microparticles but was also able to increase the serum specific IgG antibody responses significantly. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the formulation, indicated by the differential levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). The microparticles eliciting the highest IgG antibody response did not necessarily elicit the highest levels of the cytokines IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenivas Pandit
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK
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Cevher E, Orhan Z, Sensoy D, Ahiskali R, Kan PL, Sağirli O, Mülazimoğlu L. Sodium fusidate-poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres: Preparation, characterisation andin vivoevaluation of their effectiveness in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:577-95. [PMID: 17654177 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701472584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to prepare poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres containing sodium fusidate (SF) using a double emulsion solvent evaporation method with varying polymer:drug ratios (1:1, 2.5:1, 5:1) and to evaluate its efficiency for the local treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. METHODS The particle size and distribution, morphological characteristics, thermal behaviour, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release assessments of the formulations had been carried out. Sterilized SF-PLGA microspheres were implanted in the proximal tibia of rats with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis. After 3 weeks of treatment, bone samples were analysed with a microbiological assay. RESULTS PLGA microspheres between the size ranges of 2.16-4.12 microm were obtained. Production yield of all formulations was found to be higher than 79% and encapsulation efficiencies of 19.8-34.3% were obtained. DSC thermogram showed that the SF was in an amorphous state in the microspheres and the glass transition temperature (T(g)) of PLGA was not influenced by the preparation procedure. In vitro drug release studies had indicated that these microspheres had significant burst release and their drug release rates were decreased upon increasing the polymer:drug ratio (p < 0.05). Based on the in vivo data, rats implanted with SF-PLGA microspheres and empty microspheres showed 1987 +/- 1196 and 55526 +/- 49086 colony forming unit of MRSA in 1 g bone samples (CFU/g), respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The in vitro and in vivo studies had shown that the implanted SF loaded microspheres were found to be effective for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in an animal experimental model. Hence, these microspheres may be potentially useful in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Cevher E, Şensoy D, Zloh M, Mülazımoğlu L. Preparation and Characterisation of Natamycin: γ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and its Evaluation in Vaginal Mucoadhesive Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4319-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cevher E, Sensoy D, Taha MAM, Araman A. Effect of thiolated polymers to textural and mucoadhesive properties of vaginal gel formulations prepared with polycarbophil and chitosan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2008; 9:953-65. [PMID: 18709556 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-008-9132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate of mucoadhesive gel formulations for the vaginal application of clomiphene citrate (CLM) for local treatment of human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. Chitosan (CHI) and polycarbophil (PC) were covalently modified using the thioglycolic acid and L-cysteine, respectively. The formation of thiol conjugates of chitosan (CHI-TG) and polycarbophil (PC-CYS) were confirmed by FT-IR analysis and PC-CYS and CHI-TG were found to have 148.42 +/- 4.16 and 41.17 +/- 2.34 micromol of thiol groups per gram of polymer, respectively. One percent CLM gels were prepared by combination of various concentrations of PC and CHI with thiolated conjugates of these polymers. Hardness, compressibility, elasticity, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of the gels were measured by Texture profile analysis and the vaginal mucoadhesion was investigated by mucoadhesion test. The increasing in the amount of the thiol conjugates was found to enhance the elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and mucoadhesion of the gel formulations but not their hardness and compressibility when compared to gels prepared using their respective parent formulations. Slower release rate of CLM from gels was achieved when the polymer concentrations were increased in the gel formulations. PC and its thiol conjugate were found to prolong the release of CLM longer than 70 h unlike gel formulations prepared using CHI and its thiol conjugate which were able to release CLM up to 12 h. Stability of CLM was preserved during the 3 month stability analysis under controlled room temperature and accelerated conditions.
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Cevher E, Taha MAM, Orlu M, Araman A. Evaluation of mechanical and mucoadhesive properties of clomiphene citrate gel formulations containing carbomers and their thiolated derivatives. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:57-67. [PMID: 18197525 DOI: 10.1080/10717540701829234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to prepare clomiphene citrate gel formulations that possess appropriate mechanical properties, stay on the vaginal mucosa for a long period of time, and provide sustained drug release for the local treatment of human papilloma virus infections. In this respect, 1% CLM gels including polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymers such as Carbopol 934P (C934P), Carbopol 971P (C971P), Carbopol 974P (C974P) in various concentrations, and their conjugates containing thiol groups were prepared. Polyacrylic acid-cysteine (PAA-Cys) conjugates were synthesized in laboratory conditions. Mechanical properties of the gels such as hardness, compressibility, elasticity, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness were measured by TA-XTPlus texture analyzer and the vaginal mucoadhesion of formulations was investigated by mucoadhesion test. Based on obtained data, gel formulations containing C934P and its conjugate had appropriate hardness and compressibility to be applied to the vaginal mucosa and highest elasticity to show good spreadability and highest cohesion to prevent the disintegration of gel in the vagina. The mucoadhesion of the gels changed significantly depending on the polymer type and concentration (p < 0.05). The addition of conjugates containing thiol groups caused an increase in mucoadhesion (p < 0.05). The gels containing C934P-Cys showed highest adhesiveness and mucoadhesion due to the highest amount of thiol groups. A significant decrease was observed in the drug release of gel formulations as the polymer concentration increased (p < 0.05). The increase in the drug release related to the conjugate addition was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A change in the amount of CLM was not observed in all formulations at the end of the stability test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sezer AD, Cevher E, Hatıpoğlu F, Oğurtan Z, Baş AL, Akbuğa J. Preparation of Fucoidan-Chitosan Hydrogel and Its Application as Burn Healing Accelerator on Rabbits. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2326-33. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University
| | - Fatih Hatıpoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Selçuk University
| | - Zeki Oğurtan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary, Selçuk University
| | - Ahmet Levent Baş
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Selçuk University
| | - Jülide Akbuğa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University
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Sezer AD, Hatipoğlu F, Cevher E, Oğurtan Z, Baş AL, Akbuğa J. Chitosan film containing fucoidan as a wound dressing for dermal burn healing: preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:Article 39. [PMID: 17622117 PMCID: PMC2750378 DOI: 10.1208/pt0802039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop chitosan film containing fucoidan and to investigate its suitability for the treatment of dermal burns on rabbits. Porous films, thickness between 29.7 and 269.0 mum, were obtained by the solvent dropping method. Water vapor permeability (3.3-16.6/0.1 g), the swelling (0.67-1.77 g/g), tensile strength (7.1-45.8 N), and bioadhesion (0.076-1.771 mJ/cm(2)) of the films were determined. The thinnest films were obtained with the lowest chitosan concentration (P < .05). The water absorption capacity of the films sharply increased with the freeze-drying technique. The film having the thickness of 29.7 mum showed the highest amount of moisture permeability (16.6 g/0.1 g). Higher chitosan concentration significantly increased tensile strength of the films (P < .05). Using higher concentration of lactic acid made films more elastic and applicable, and these films were selected for in vivo studies. Seven adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for the evaluation of the films on superficial dermal burns. Biopsy samples were taken at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding, and each wound site was examined macroscopically and histopathologically. After 7 days treatment, fibroplasia and scar were observed on wounds treated with fucoidan-chitosan film. The best regenerated dermal papillary formation, best re-epithelization, and the fastest closure of wounds were found in the fucoidan-chitosan film treatment group after 14 days compared with other treatment and control groups. It can be concluded that fucoidan-chitosan films might be a potential treatment system for dermal burns and that changing formulation variables can modulate the characterizations of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Demir Sezer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Orlu M, Cevher E, Araman A. Design and evaluation of colon specific drug delivery system containing flurbiprofen microsponges. Int J Pharm 2006; 318:103-17. [PMID: 16687222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design novel colon specific drug delivery system containing flurbiprofen (FLB) microsponges. Microsponges containing FLB and Eudragit RS 100 were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. Additionally, FLB was entrapped into a commercial Microsponge 5640 system using entrapment method. Afterwards, the effects of drug:polymer ratio, inner phase solvent amount, stirring time and speed and stirrer type on the physical characteristics of microsponges were investigated. The thermal behaviour, surface morphology, particle size and pore structure of microsponges were examined. The colon specific formulations were prepared by compression coating and also pore plugging of microsponges with pectin:hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) mixture followed by tabletting. In vitro dissolution studies were done on all formulations and the results were kinetically and statistically evaluated. The microsponges were spherical in shape, between 30.7 and 94.5microm in diameter and showed high porosity values (61-72%). The pore shapes of microsponges prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method and entrapment method were found as spherical and cylindrical holes, respectively. Mechanically strong tablets prepared for colon specific drug delivery were obtained owing to the plastic deformation of sponge-like structure of microsponges. In vitro studies exhibited that compression coated colon specific tablet formulations started to release the drug at the 8th hour corresponding to the proximal colon arrival time due to the addition of enzyme, following a modified release pattern while the drug release from the colon specific formulations prepared by pore plugging the microsponges showed an increase at the 8th hour which was the time point that the enzyme addition made. This study presents a new approach based on microsponges for colon specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Orlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 Universite, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cevher E, Orhan Z, Mülazimoğlu L, Sensoy D, Alper M, Yildiz A, Ozsoy Y. Characterization of biodegradable chitosan microspheres containing vancomycin and treatment of experimental osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with prepared microspheres. Int J Pharm 2006; 317:127-35. [PMID: 16624509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradable chitosan microspheres containing vancomycin hydrochloride (VANCO) were prepared by spray drying method with different polymer:drug ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1). Thermal behaviour, particle size and distribution, morphological characteristics, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release assessments of formulations have been carried out to obtain suitable formulation which shows sustained-release effect when implanted. Sterilized VANCO loaded microspheres were implanted to proximal tibia of rats with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis. Intramuscular (IM) injection of VANCO for 21 days was applied to another group for comparison. After 3 weeks of treatment, bone samples were analysed with a microbiological assay. According to the results, encapsulation efficiency and yield of microspheres in all formulations were higher than 98% and 47%, respectively. Particle sizes of microspheres were smaller than 6 microm. All microsphere formulations have shown sustained-release effect. In vitro drug release rate decreased due to the increase in polymer:drug ratio but no significant difference was seen between these results (p>0.05). Based on our in vivo data, rats implanted VANCO-loaded chitosan microspheres and administered IM injection showed 3354+/-3366 and 52500+/-25635 colony forming unit of MRSA in 1g bone samples (CFU/g), respectively. As a result, implanted VANCO-loaded microspheres were found to be more effective than IM route for the treatment of experimental osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Cevher
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Orhan Z, Cevher E, Mülazimoglu L, Gürcan D, Alper M, Araman A, Ozsoy Y. The preparation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded chitosan and pectin microspheres: their evaluation in an animal osteomyelitis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 88:270-5. [PMID: 16434537 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.88b2.16328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded microspheres were prepared by a spray-drying method using pectin and chitosan. The effects of different polymers and drug ratios were investigated. The most appropriate carriers were selected by in vitro testing. A rat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis model was used to evaluate the effects of the loaded microspheres. The drug was released rapidly from the pectin carrier but this was more sustained in the chitosan formulation.Chitosan microspheres loaded with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were more effective for the treatment of osteomyelitis than equivalent intramuscular antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Orhan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Düzce, Turkey.
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Ozsoy Y, Güngör S, Cevher E. Vehicle effects on in vitro release of tiaprofenic acid from different topical formulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 59:563-6. [PMID: 15231433 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2003] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro release properties of tiaprofenic acid (TA) from different topical vehicles. Carbopol 940 gel, chitosan gel, two types of emulsion-based ointment formulations (o/w and w/o) and hydrophilic petrolatum USP were prepared with 2% drug content. Drug release from all vehicles through a standard cellophane membrane was evaluated by using Franz-type diffusion cells. In vitro release study results showed that the diffusion coefficients of the drug from vehicles rank according to the following order: Carbopol 940 gel (D = 3.11 x 10(-7) +/- 0.54 cm(2)/s) > chitosan gel (D = 0.27 x 10(-7) +/- 0.08 cm(2)/s) > emulsion-based ointment (o/w) (D = 0.18 x 10(-7) +/- 0.05 cm(2)/s) > emulsion-based ointment (w/o) (D = 0.13 x 10(-7) +/- 0.02 cm(2)/s) > hydrophilic petrolatum USP (D = 0.02 x 10(-7) +/- 0.01 cm(2)/s). Carbopol 940 gel base showed significantly higher drug release than other vehicles (P < 0.001). These results indicated that Carbopol 940 gel base is a good candidate for the topical delivery of TA, giving significantly higher drug release than the other vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ozsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, 34116 University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Abstract
Mefenamic acid (MA) has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. Available conventional dosage forms are capsules and film-coated tablets. No commercial sustained release preparation of MA exists in the market. The usual oral dose is 250 or 500 mg and reported half-life is 2 h. Sodium alginate (NaAL) is the sodium salt of alginic acid, a natural polysaccharide extracted from marine brown algae. It has the ability to form a water-insoluble gel with a bivalent metal ions as calcium. Therefore, NaAL has been studied for preparing sustained release formulations in pharmaceutical technology. In this study, tablet formulations containing different ratios of NaAL and calcium gluconate (CaGL) were prepared by direct compression method. In vitro release studies were carried out using USP 23 basket method and release data were kinetically evaluated. According to release studies, it can be emphasized that NaAL and CaGL can be used for design of sustained release preparation of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Güngör
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, 34452-Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Has R, Batukan C, Ermis H, Cevher E, Araman A, Kiliç G, Ibrahimoğlu L. Comparison of 25 and 50 microg vaginally administered misoprostol for preinduction of cervical ripening and labor induction. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2002; 53:16-21. [PMID: 11803223 DOI: 10.1159/000049405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to compare the efficacy of 25 microg and 50 microg intravaginally administered misoprostol tablets for cervical ripening and labor induction. Either 25-microg (n: 58) or 50-microg (n: 56) misoprostol tablets were randomly administered intravaginally to 114 subjects with an unripe cervix for labor induction. The physician was blinded to the medication. Intravaginal misoprostol was given every 4 h until the onset of labor. The mean Bishop score before misoprostol administration was 2.1 +/- 1.6 in the 25-microg group and 2.0 +/- 1.4 in the 50-microg group (p > 0.05). With the 25-microg dose the time until delivery was significantly longer (991.2 +/- 514.4 min vs. 703.12 +/- 432.6 min in the 50-microg group). The use of oxytocin augmentation was significantly higher in the 25-microg group (63.8%) than the 50-microg group (32.1%; p < 0.05). The proportions of patients with tachysystoles and hypersystoles were not significantly different between the two groups (19 and 6.9%, respectively, in the 25-microg group and 25 and 17.8%, respectively, in 50-microg group; p > 0.05). Overall, in the 25-microg group more women achieved vaginal delivery (79.3 vs. 60.7%; p < 0.05). The rate of cesarean sections due to non-reassuring fetal status was higher in the 50-microg misoprostol group (28.6 vs. 10.3%; p < 0.05). The number of neonates with a low 1-min Apgar score (<7) was significantly higher in the 50-microg misoprostol group (26.8 vs. 8.6%; p < 0.05), but 5-min Apgar scores and umbilical artery blood gas values at the time of delivery were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05). One patient in the 25-microg group suffered a ruptured uterus. Intravaginal administration of 25 microg of misoprostol is a clinically effective labor induction regimen and has the least adverse effects and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Has
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Turkey
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Cevher E, Sahin NO, Araman A. Investigations on topical formulations of clomiphene citrate for treatment of HPV lesions. Pharmazie 2002; 57:72-3. [PMID: 11836937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Cevher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Araman A, Cevher E, Sahin Ö. Preparation of enteric microcapsules of tenoxican using cat. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(97)86520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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