1
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Ouyang L, Wang N, Irudayaraj J, Majima T. Virus on surfaces: Chemical mechanism, influence factors, disinfection strategies, and implications for virus repelling surface design. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:103006. [PMID: 37778249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While SARS-CoV-2 is generally under control, the question of variants and infections still persists. Fundamental information on how the virus interacts with inanimate surfaces commonly found in our daily life and when in contact with the skin will be helpful in developing strategies to inhibit the spread of the virus. Here in, a critically important review of current understanding of the interaction between virus and surface is summarized from chemistry point-of-view. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theories to model virus attachments on surfaces are introduced, along with the interaction type and strength, and quantification of each component. The virus survival and transfer are affected by a combination of biological, physical, and chemical parameters, as well as environmental parameters. The surface properties for virus and virus survival on typical surfaces such as metals, plastics, and glass are summarized. Attention is also paid to the transfer of virus to/from surfaces and skin. Typical virus disinfection strategies utilizing heat, light, chemicals, and ozone are discussed together with their disinfection mechanism. In the last section, design principles for virus repelling surface chemistry such as surperhydrophobic or surperhydrophilic surfaces are also introduced, to demonstrate how the integration of surface property control and advanced material fabrication can lead to the development of functional surfaces for mitigating the effect of viral infection upon contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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2
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Jaroni D, Litt PK, Bule P, Rumbaugh K. Effectiveness of Bacteriophages against Biofilm-Forming Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli In Vitro and on Food-Contact Surfaces. Foods 2023; 12:2787. [PMID: 37509879 PMCID: PMC10378794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Formation of biofilms on food-contact surfaces by Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) can pose a significant challenge to the food industry, making conventional control methods insufficient. Targeted use of bacteriophages to disrupt these biofilms could reduce this problem. Previously isolated and characterized bacteriophages (n = 52) were evaluated against STEC biofilms in vitro and on food-contact surfaces. (2) Methods: Phage treatments (9 logs PFU/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline were used individually or as cocktails. Biofilms of STEC (O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) were formed in 96-well micro-titer plates (7 logs CFU/mL; 24 h) or on stainless steel (SS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coupons (9 logs CFU/cm2; 7 h), followed by phage treatment. Biofilm disruption was measured in vitro at 0, 3, and 6 h as a change in optical density (A595). Coupons were treated with STEC serotype-specific phage-cocktails or a 21-phage cocktail (3 phages/serotype) for 0, 3, 6, and 16 h, and surviving STEC populations were enumerated. (3) Results: Of the 52 phages, 77% showed STEC biofilm disruption in vitro. Serotype-specific phage treatments reduced pathogen population within the biofilms by 1.9-4.1 and 2.3-5.6 logs CFU/cm2, while the 21-phage cocktail reduced it by 4.0 and 4.8 logs CFU/cm2 on SS and HDPE, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Bacteriophages can be used to reduce STEC and their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jaroni
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Pushpinder Kaur Litt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Punya Bule
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Kaylee Rumbaugh
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, and Food and Agricultural Products Center, Oklahoma State University, N. Monroe Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Marcut L, Manescu Paltanea V, Antoniac A, Paltanea G, Robu A, Mohan AG, Grosu E, Corneschi I, Bodog AD. Antimicrobial Solutions for Endotracheal Tubes in Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5034. [PMID: 37512308 PMCID: PMC10386556 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most frequently encountered hospital infections and is an essential issue in the healthcare field. It is usually linked to a high mortality rate and prolonged hospitalization time. There is a lack of treatment, so alternative solutions must be continuously sought. The endotracheal tube is an indwelling device that is a significant culprit for ventilator-associated pneumonia because its surface can be colonized by different types of pathogens, which generate a multispecies biofilm. In the paper, we discuss the definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia, the economic burdens, and its outcomes. Then, we present the latest technological solutions for endotracheal tube surfaces, such as active antimicrobial coatings, passive coatings, and combinatorial methods, with examples from the literature. We end our analysis by identifying the gaps existing in the present research and investigating future possibilities that can decrease ventilator-associated pneumonia cases and improve patient comfort during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Marcut
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Emergency Hospital Oradea, 65 Gheorghe Doja Street, RO-410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Veronica Manescu Paltanea
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Paltanea
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Robu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurel George Mohan
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Emergency Hospital Oradea, 65 Gheorghe Doja Street, RO-410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Elena Grosu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iuliana Corneschi
- Romfire Protect Solutions SRL, 39 Drumul Taberei, RO-061359 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Danut Bodog
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 P-ta 1 December Street, RO-410073 Oradea, Romania
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Alves D, Grainha T, Pereira MO, Lopes SP. Antimicrobial materials for endotracheal tubes: A review on the last two decades of technological progress. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:32-55. [PMID: 36632877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an unresolved problem in nosocomial settings, remaining consistently associated with a lack of treatment, high mortality, and prolonged hospital stay. The endotracheal tube (ETT) is the major culprit for VAP development owing to its early surface microbial colonization and biofilm formation by multiple pathogens, both critical events for VAP pathogenesis and relapses. To combat this matter, gradual research on antimicrobial ETT surface coating/modification approaches has been made. This review provides an overview of the relevance and implications of the ETT bioburden for VAP pathogenesis and how technological research on antimicrobial materials for ETTs has evolved. Firstly, certain main VAP attributes (definition/categorization; outcomes; economic impact) were outlined, highlighting the issues in defining/diagnosing VAP that often difficult VAP early- and late-onset differentiation, and that generate misinterpretations in VAP surveillance and discrepant outcomes. The central role of the ETT microbial colonization and subsequent biofilm formation as fundamental contributors to VAP pathogenesis was then underscored, in parallel with the uncovering of the polymicrobial ecosystem of VAP-related infections. Secondly, the latest technological developments (reported since 2002) on materials able to endow the ETT surface with active antimicrobial and/or passive antifouling properties were annotated, being further subject to critical scrutiny concerning their potentialities and/or constraints in reducing ETT bioburden and the risk of VAP while retaining/improving the safety of use. Taking those gaps/challenges into consideration, we discussed potential avenues that may assist upcoming advances in the field to tackle VAP rampant rates and improve patient care. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The use of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in patients requiring mechanical ventilation is associated with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Its rapid surface colonization and biofilm formation are critical events for VAP pathogenesis and relapses. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the relevance/implications of the ETT biofilm in VAP, and on how research on antimicrobial ETT surface coating/modification technology has evolved over the last two decades. Despite significant technological advances, the limited number of gathered reports (46), highlights difficulty in overcoming certain hurdles associated with VAP (e.g., persistent colonization/biofilm formation; mechanical ventilation duration; hospital length of stay; VAP occurrence), which makes this an evolving, complex, and challenging matter. Challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Grainha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Susana Patrícia Lopes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Scholtz V, Vaňková E, Kašparová P, Premanath R, Karunasagar I, Julák J. Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of ESKAPE Pathogens: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737635. [PMID: 34712211 PMCID: PMC8546340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronym ESKAPE refers to a group of bacteria consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. They are important in human medicine as pathogens that show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics; thus, the search for new effective bactericidal agents is still topical. One of the possible alternatives is the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partially ionized gas with the energy stored particularly in the free electrons, which has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects. Its mechanism of action includes the formation of pores in the bacterial membranes; therefore, resistance toward it is not developed. This paper focuses on the current overview of literature describing the use of NTP as a new promising tool against ESKAPE bacteria, both in planktonic and biofilm forms. Thus, it points to the fact that NTP treatment can be used for the decontamination of different types of liquids, medical materials, and devices or even surfaces used in various industries. In summary, the use of diverse experimental setups leads to very different efficiencies in inactivation. However, Gram-positive bacteria appear less susceptible compared to Gram-negative ones, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Kašparová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ramya Premanath
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Abdel‐Monem RA, Rabie ST, El‐Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, El‐Nazer HA, Gaballah ST. Chitosan‐
PVC
conjugates/metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira T. Rabie
- Photochemistry Department National Research Centre Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azab El‐Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
| | - Bahaa A. Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department National Research Centre Dokki, Giza Egypt
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Munoz M, El-Khoury A, Eren Cimenci C, Gonzalez-Gomez M, Hunter RA, Lomboni D, Variola F, Rotstein BH, Vono LLR, Rossi LM, Edwards AM, Alarcon EI. Riboflavin Surface Modification of Poly(vinyl chloride) for Light-Triggered Control of Bacterial Biofilm and Virus Inactivation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32251-32262. [PMID: 34181389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the most used biomedical polymer worldwide. PVC is a stable and chemically inert polymer. However, microorganisms can colonize PVC producing biomedical device-associated infections. While surface modifications of PVC can help improve the antimicrobial and antiviral properties, the chemically inert nature of PVC makes those modifications challenging and potentially toxic. In this work, we modified the PVC surface using a derivative riboflavin molecule that was chemically tethered to a plasma-treated PVC surface. Upon a low dosage of blue light, the riboflavin tethered to the PVC surface became photochemically activated, allowing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial biofilm and lentiviral in situ eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Munoz
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Antony El-Khoury
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Cagla Eren Cimenci
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mayte Gonzalez-Gomez
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Robert A Hunter
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David Lomboni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Fabio Variola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Molecular Imaging Probes and Radiochemistry Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Lucas L R Vono
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Liane M Rossi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Edwards
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820244, Chile
| | - Emilio I Alarcon
- BEaTS Research, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H8M5, Canada
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8
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Efficacy of Nanobubbles Alone or in Combination with Neutral Electrolyzed Water in Removing Escherichia coli O157:H7, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Listeria innocua Biofilms. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Use of non-thermal plasma pre-treatment to enhance antibiotic action against mature Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:108. [PMID: 32656596 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP), generated at atmospheric pressure by DC cometary discharge with a metallic grid, and antibiotics (gentamicin-GTM, ceftazidime-CFZ and polymyxin B-PMB), either alone or in combination, were used to eradicate the mature biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Our aim was to find the conditions for NTP pre-treatment capable of enhancing the action of the antibiotics and thus reducing their effective concentrations. The NTP treatment increased the efficacy of relatively low concentrations of antibiotics. Generally, the highest effect was achieved with GTM, which was able to suppress the metabolic activity of pre-formed P. aeruginosa biofilms in the concentration range of 4-9 mg/L by up to 99%. In addition, an apparent decrease of biofilm-covered area was confirmed after combined NTP treatment and GTM action by SYTO®13 staining using fluorescence microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a complete eradication of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 mature biofilm from Ti-6Al-4V alloy when using 0.25 h NTP treatment and subsequent treatment by 8.5 mg/L GTM. Therefore, NTP may be used as a suitable antibiofilm agent in combination with antibiotics for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections caused by this pathogen.
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10
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Sant’Ana PL, Bortoleto JRR, Cruz NCD, Rangel EC, Durrant SF, Schreiner WH. Surface functionalization of polyvinyl chloride by plasma immersion techniques. POLIMEROS 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Morozov IA, Kamenetskikh AS, Beliaev AY, Scherban MG, Lemkina LM, Eroshenko DV, Korobov VP. The Effect of Damage of a Plasma-Treated Polyurethane Surface on Bacterial Adhesion. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635091903014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Simsek AN, Braeutigam A, Koch MD, Shaevitz JW, Huang Y, Gompper G, Sabass B. Substrate-rigidity dependent migration of an idealized twitching bacterium. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6224-6236. [PMID: 31334524 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are important determinants of cellular migration in diverse processes, such as immune response, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Moreover, recent studies indicate that even bacterial surface colonization can depend on the mechanics of the substrate. Here, we focus on physical mechanisms that can give rise to substrate-rigidity dependent migration. We study a "twitcher", a cell driven by extension-retraction cycles, to idealize bacteria and perhaps eukaryotic cells that employ a slip-stick mode of motion. The twitcher is asymmetric and always pulls itself forward at its front. Analytical calculations show that the migration speed of a twitcher depends non-linearly on substrate rigidity. For soft substrates, deformations do not lead to build-up of significant force and the migration speed is therefore determined by stochastic adhesion unbinding. For rigid substrates, forced adhesion rupture determines the migration speed. Depending on the force-sensitivity of front and rear adhesions, forced bond rupture implies an increase or a decrease of the migration speed. A requirement for the occurrence of rigidity-dependent stick-slip migration is a "sticky" substrate, with binding rates being an order of magnitude larger than unbinding rates in absence of force. Computer simulations show that small stall forces of the driving machinery lead to a reduced movement on high rigidities, regardless of force-sensitivities of bonds. The simulations also confirm the occurrence of rigidity-dependent migration speed in a generic model for slip-stick migration of cells on a sticky substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Nihat Simsek
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Braeutigam
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany.
| | - Matthias D Koch
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joshua W Shaevitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yunfei Huang
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Gompper
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Sabass
- Theoretical Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich, Germany.
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14
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Barnes M, Feit C, Grant TA, Brisbois EJ. Antimicrobial polymer modifications to reduce microbial bioburden on endotracheal tubes and ventilator associated pneumonia. Acta Biomater 2019; 91:220-234. [PMID: 31022549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hospital associated infections (HAIs), infections acquired by patients during care in a hospital, remain a prevalent issue in the healthcare field. These infections often occur with the use of indwelling medical devices, such as endotracheal tubes (ETTs), that can result in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). When examining the various routes of infection, VAP is associated with the highest incidence, rate of morbidity, and economic burden. Although ETTs are essential for the survival of patients requiring mechanical ventilation, their use comes with complications. The presence of an ETT in the airway impairs physiological host defense mechanisms for clearance of pathogens and provides a platform for oropharynx microorganism transport to the sterile tracheobronchial network. Antibiotics are administered to treat lower respiratory infections; however, they are not always effective and consequently can result in increased antibiotic resistance. Prophylactic approaches by altering the surface of ETTs to prevent the establishment and growth of bacteria have exhibited promising results. In addition, passive surface modifications that prevent bacterial establishment and growth, or active coatings that possess a bactericidal effect have also proven effective. In this review we aim to highlight the importance of preventing biofilm establishment on indwelling medical devices, focusing on ETTs. We will investigate successful antimicrobial modifications to ETTs and the future avenues that will ultimately decrease HAIs and improve patient care. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Infections that occur with indwelling medicals devices remain a constant concern in the medical field and can result in hospital-acquired infections. Specifically, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs with the use of an endotracheal tube (ETT). Infections often require use of antibiotics and can result in patient mortality. Our review includes a summary of the recent collective work of antimicrobial ETT modifications and potential avenues for further investigations in an effort to reduce VAP associated with ETTs. Polymer modifications with antibacterial nature have been developed and tested; however, a focus on ETTs is lacking and clinical availability of new antimicrobial ETT devices is limited. Our collective work shows the successful and prospective applications to the surfaces of ETTs that can support researchers and physicians to create safer medical devices.
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15
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Surface properties and exopolysaccharide production of surface-associated microorganisms isolated from a dairy plant. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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16
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Gaballah ST, El-Nazer HA, Abdel-Monem RA, El-Liethy MA, Hemdan BA, Rabie ST. Synthesis of novel chitosan-PVC conjugates encompassing Ag nanoparticles as antibacterial polymers for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 121:707-717. [PMID: 30340001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of four Cs-PVC conjugates three of them were functionalized with benzothiazole (BTh) derivative as an antibacterial agent. Two of these BTh-functionalized conjugates, namely Cs2 and Cs3, comprise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag/TiO2 NPs, respectively. The structures were characterized via FTIR spectroscopic analysis, morphological investigation such as scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Spectral data confirmed the introduction of the BTh to the Cs backbone as well as the coupling between the two polymers. SEM data showed homogenous polymer surfaces with well-distributed Ag nanoparticles. The Ag contents in the prepared samples Cs2 and Cs3 were, respectively, 0.61 and 0.21%, however, TEM analysis showed that the sizes of AgNPs and Ag/TiO2 NPs were in the range of 3-7 nm and 15-22 nm for the prepared conjugates, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized conjugates was investigated against two Gram-negative (E. coli, and S. typhimurium) and two Gram-positive (S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes) bacteria. The antibacterial assay showed that all three Cs-PVC (Cs1, Cs2, and Cs3) conjugates modified with BTh exhibited excellent bacterial inhibition after 30, 60, and 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir T Gaballah
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Hossam A El-Nazer
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham A Abdel-Monem
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Azab El-Liethy
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bahaa A Hemdan
- Environmental Microbiology Lab., Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samira T Rabie
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Vadillo-Rodríguez V, Guerra-García-Mora AI, Perera-Costa D, Gónzalez-Martín ML, Fernández-Calderón MC. Bacterial response to spatially organized microtopographic surface patterns with nanometer scale roughness. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 169:340-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Hadjesfandiari N, Weinhart M, Kizhakkedathu JN, Haag R, Brooks DE. Development of Antifouling and Bactericidal Coatings for Platelet Storage Bags Using Dopamine Chemistry. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28961393 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Platelets have a limited shelf life, due to the risk of bacterial contamination and platelet quality loss. Most platelet storage bags are made of a mixture of polyvinyl chloride with a plasticizer, denoted as pPVC. To improve biocompatibility of pPVC with platelets and to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, an antifouling polymer coating is developed using mussel-inspired chemistry. A copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride is synthesized and coupled with catechol groups, named DA51-cat. Under mild aqueous conditions, pPVC is first equilibrated with an anchoring polydopamine layer, followed by a DA51-cat layer. Measurements show this coating decreases fibrinogen adsorption to 5% of the control surfaces. One-step coating with DA51-cat does not coat pPVC efficiently although it is sufficient for coating silicon wafers and gold substrates. The dual layer coating on platelet bags resists bacterial biofilm formation and considerably decreases platelet adhesion. A cationic antimicrobial peptide, E6, is conjugated to DA51-cat then coated on silicon wafers and introduces bactericidal activity to these surfaces. Time-of-flight second ion-mass spectroscopy is successfully applied to characterize these surfaces. pPVC is widely used in medical devices; this method provides an approach to controlling biofouling and bacterial growth on it without elaborate surface modification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hadjesfandiari
- Center for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Center for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 2B5 Canada
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Donald E. Brooks
- Center for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; 2350 Health Sciences Mall Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver V6T 2B5 Canada
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19
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Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using β-1, 3 glucan binding protein and their antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic potential. Microb Pathog 2018; 115:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Zuñiga-Zamorano I, Meléndez-Ortiz HI, Costoya A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Bucio E. Poly(vinyl chloride) catheters modified with pH-responsive poly(methacrylic acid) with affinity for antimicrobial agents. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Liguori A, Cochis A, Stancampiano A, Laurita R, Azzimonti B, Sorrentino R, Varoni EM, Petri M, Colombo V, Gherardi M, Rimondini L. Cold atmospheric plasma treatment affects early bacterial adhesion and decontamination of soft reline palatal obturators. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Morro A, Catalina F, Pablos J, Corrales T, Marin I, Abrusci C. Surface modification of poly(ε-caprolactone) by oxygen plasma for antibacterial applications. Biocompatibility and monitoring of live cells. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Trimukhe AM, Pandiyaraj KN, Tripathi A, Melo JS, Deshmukh RR. Plasma Surface Modification of Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3328-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Pérez-Álvarez L, Lizundia E, del Hoyo S, Sagasti A, Rubio LR, Vilas JL. Polysaccharide polyelectrolyte multilayer coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate). POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Pérez-Álvarez
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
| | - Sara del Hoyo
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
| | - Ariane Sagasti
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
| | - Leire Ruiz Rubio
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
| | - J Luis Vilas
- Macromolecular Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Spain
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25
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Meléndez-Ortiz HI, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Jiménez-Páez VM, Bucio E. Modification of medical grade PVC with N-vinylimidazole to obtain bactericidal surface. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Saunier J, Herry JM, Marlière C, Renault M, Bellon-Fontaine MN, Yagoubi N. Modification of the bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus by antioxidant blooming on polyurethane films. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 56:522-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Loo CY, Lee WH, Young PM, Cavaliere R, Whitchurch CB, Rohanizadeh R. Implications and emerging control strategies for ventilator-associated infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:379-93. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1007045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Scholtz V, Pazlarova J, Souskova H, Khun J, Julak J. Nonthermal plasma--A tool for decontamination and disinfection. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1108-19. [PMID: 25595663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
By definition, the nonthermal plasma (NTP) is partially ionized gas where the energy is stored mostly in the free electrons and the overall temperature remains low. NTP is widely used for many years in various applications such as low-temperature plasma chemistry, removal of gaseous pollutants, in gas-discharge lamps or surface modification. However, during the last ten years, NTP usage expanded to new biological areas of application like plasma microorganisms' inactivation, ready-to-eat food preparation, biofilm degradation or in healthcare, where it seems to be important for the treatment of cancer cells and in the initiation of apoptosis, prion inactivation, prevention of nosocomial infections or in the therapy of infected wounds. These areas are presented and documented in this paper as a review of representative publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Souskova
- Department of Computing and Control Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Khun
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Julak
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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29
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Zhang X, Li Y, Hankett JM, Chen Z. The molecular interfacial structure and plasticizer migration behavior of “green” plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4472-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both oxygen and argon plasma treatment made TBAC–PVC surfaces hydrophilic, but that of argon enhanced the migration of TBAC to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - Yaoxin Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | | | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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30
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Structure and microbial diversity of biofilms on different pipe materials of a model drinking water distribution systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:37-47. [PMID: 25342310 PMCID: PMC4282696 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted in three model drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), silane cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes to which tap water was introduced. After 2 years of system operation, microbial communities in the DWDSs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, heterotrophic plate count, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The most extensive biofilms were found in HDPE pipes where bacteria were either attached to mineral deposits or immersed in exopolymers. On PEX surfaces, bacteria did not form large aggregates; however, they were present in the highest number (1.24 × 107 cells cm−2). PVC biofilm did not contain mineral deposits but was made of single cells with a high abundance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can be harmful to human health. The members of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were found in all biofilms and the water phase. Sphingomonadales and Methylophilaceae bacteria were found only in PEX samples, whereas Geothrix fermentans, which can reduce Fe(III), were identified only in PEX biofilm. The DNA sequences closely related to the members of Alphaproteobacteria were the most characteristic and intense amplicons detected in the HDPE biofilm.
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31
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Storm WL, Johnson JA, Worley BV, Slomberg DL, Schoenfisch MH. Dual action antimicrobial surfaces via combined nitric oxide and silver release. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1974-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley L. Storm
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Justin A. Johnson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Brittany V. Worley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Danielle L. Slomberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; CB 3290 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599
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32
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Masák J, Čejková A, Schreiberová O, Rezanka T. Pseudomonas biofilms: possibilities of their control. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 89:1-14. [PMID: 24754832 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Pseudomonas includes a large number of species that can be encountered in biotechnological processes as well as in the role of serious human or plant pathogens. Pseudomonads easily form biofilms on various types of surfaces. The biofilm phenotype is characterized by an increased resistance to environmental influences including resistance to antibiotics and other disinfectants, causing a number of problems in health care, food industry, and other areas. Considerable attention is therefore paid to the possibilities of eradication/destruction of pseudomonads biofilms both in terms of understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation and at the level of finding suitable antibiofilm tools applicable in practice. The first part of this review is devoted to an overview of the regulatory mechanisms that are directly or indirectly involved in the formation of biofilm. The most effective approaches to suppressing the formation of biofilm that do not cause the development of resistance are based on the application of substances that interfere with the regulatory molecules or block the appropriate regulatory mechanisms involved in biofilm development by the cells. Pseudomonads biofilm formation is, similar to other microorganisms, a sophisticated process with many regulatory elements. The suppression of this process therefore also requires multiple antibiofilm tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Masák
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Abdallah M, Benoliel C, Drider D, Dhulster P, Chihib NE. Biofilm formation and persistence on abiotic surfaces in the context of food and medical environments. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:453-72. [PMID: 24744186 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in food and medical sectors constitutes a great public health concerns. In fact, biofilms present a persistent source for pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which lead to severe infections such as foodborne and nosocomial infections. Such biofilms are also a source of material deterioration and failure. The environmental conditions, commonly met in food and medical area, seem also to enhance the biofilm formation and their resistance to disinfectant agents. In this regard, this review highlights the effect of environmental conditions on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces in the context of food and medical environment. It also describes the current and emergent strategies used to study the biofilm formation and its eradication. The mechanisms of biofilm resistance to commercialized disinfectants are also discussed, since this phenomenon remains unclear to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Abdallah
- Laboratoire de Procédés Biologiques, Génie Enzymatique et Microbien (ProBioGEM), IUT A/Polytech'Lille, Université de Lille1-Science et Technologies, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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34
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Perni S, Preedy EC, Prokopovich P. Success and failure of colloidal approaches in adhesion of microorganisms to surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 206:265-74. [PMID: 24342736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of cells attached to surfaces, their contributions to biological process may be either a benefit or a threat depending on the microorganism involved and on the type of substrate and environment. Biofilm formation is a complex series of steps; due to the size of microorganisms, the initial phase of biofilm formation, the bacterial adhesion to the surface, has been studied and modeled using theories developed in colloidal science. In this review the application of approaches such as Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek (DLVO) theory and its extended version (xDLVO), to bacterial adhesion is described along with the suitability and applicability of such approaches to the investigation of the interface phenomena regulating cells adhesion. A further refinement of the xDLVO theory encompassing the brush model is also discussed. Finally, the evidences of phenomena neglected in colloidal approaches, such as surface heterogeneity and fluid flow, likely to be the source of failure are defined.
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Desrousseaux C, Sautou V, Descamps S, Traoré O. Modification of the surfaces of medical devices to prevent microbial adhesion and biofilm formation. J Hosp Infect 2013; 85:87-93. [PMID: 24007718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of devices with surfaces that have an effect against microbial adhesion or viability is a promising approach to the prevention of device-related infections. AIM To review the strategies used to design devices with surfaces able to limit microbial adhesion and/or growth. METHODS A PubMed search of the published literature. FINDINGS One strategy is to design medical devices with a biocidal agent. Biocides can be incorporated into the materials or coated or covalently bonded, resulting either in release of the biocide or in contact killing without release of the biocide. The use of biocides in medical devices is debated because of the risk of bacterial resistance and potential toxicity. Another strategy is to modify the chemical or physical surface properties of the materials to prevent microbial adhesion, a complex phenomenon that also depends directly on microbial biological structure and the environment. Anti-adhesive chemical surface modifications mostly target the hydrophobicity features of the materials. Topographical modifications are focused on roughness and nanostructures, whose size and spatial organization are controlled. The most effective physical parameters to reduce bacterial adhesion remain to be determined and could depend on shape and other bacterial characteristics. CONCLUSIONS A prevention strategy based on reducing microbial attachment rather than on releasing a biocide is promising. Evidence of the clinical efficacy of these surface-modified devices is lacking. Additional studies are needed to determine which physical features have the greatest potential for reducing adhesion and to assess the usefulness of antimicrobial coatings other than antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desrousseaux
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, C-BIOSENSS, Clermont-Ferrand, France; LMGE «Laboratoire Micro-organismes: Génome et Environnement», Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal et Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Effects of shear on initial bacterial attachment in slow flowing systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Lin H, Ding L, Deng W, Wang X, Long J, Lin Q. Coating of Medical-Grade PVC Material with ZnO for Antibacterial Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/aces.2013.34030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Asadinezhad A, Lehocký M, Sáha P, Mozetič M. Recent Progress in Surface Modification of Polyvinyl Chloride. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449055 DOI: 10.3390/ma5122937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of polymers has become a vibrant field of research on account of a myriad of rationales which stimulated numerous efforts. The current paper serves as a condensed survey of the advances made through different approaches adopted for tuning the surface properties of polyvinyl chloride as a homopolymer extensively used on a large scale. Though it does not address all challenges involved, this paper communicates and highlights, through concise discussion, the findings of the efforts undertaken in recent decades. It is ultimately concluded with a perspective of the huge capacities and promising future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asadinezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; E-Mail:
| | - Márian Lehocký
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-608-616-048; Fax: +420-576-031-444
| | - Petr Sáha
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic; E-Mail:
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Plasma Laboratory, Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, Ljubljana SI1000, Slovenia; E-Mail:
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Rabie ST, Khalil AM. Antimicrobial agents as photostabilizers for rigid poly(vinyl chloride). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samira T. Rabie
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Khalil
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Centre; Dokki Giza Egypt
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40
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Senges C, Wrbas KT, Altenburger M, Follo M, Spitzmüller B, Wittmer A, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Bacterial and Candida albicans adhesion on different root canal filling materials and sealers. J Endod 2011; 37:1247-52. [PMID: 21846541 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on endodontic root canal filling materials and sealers lead to survival of microorganisms in treated root canals and subsequently to endodontic treatment failures. The present study focused on initial microbial adhesion to different endodontic filling materials. METHODS The following endodontic biomaterials were tested: AH-Plus, Tubli Seal, gutta-percha, Real Seal SE, EndoREZ, Apexit Plus, GuttaFlow, and dentin. Samples of each material were prepared. Bovine dentin samples were used as a control. The initial adhesions of salivary bacteria as well as the subsequent single species were quantified by determination of colony-forming units (CFUs) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy (CLSM): Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, and Prevotella nigrescens. RESULTS Initially adherent microorganisms could be detected and microscopically visualized on each of the materials tested. Considering the values of the CFUs and the covering grade as detected by CLSM, there were significant differences among the materials. Fewer bacteria tended to adhere to Apexit Plus, whereas Real Seal SE and the widely used gutta-percha showed the highest number of adherent bacteria. This tendency was not detected for C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS Endodontic microorganisms have a high affinity to root canal filling materials and sealers, especially to gutta-percha. Because of this high level of bacterial adhesion, subsequent biofilm formation on these materials could be suggested as leading to the persistence of microorganisms in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Senges
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Bazaka K, Jacob MV, Crawford RJ, Ivanova EP. Plasma-assisted surface modification of organic biopolymers to prevent bacterial attachment. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:2015-28. [PMID: 21194574 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite many synthetic biomaterials having physical properties that are comparable or even superior to those of natural body tissues, they frequently fail due to the adverse physiological reactions they cause within the human body, such as infection and inflammation. The surface modification of biomaterials is an economical and effective method by which biocompatibility and biofunctionality can be achieved while preserving the favorable bulk characteristics of the biomaterial, such as strength and inertness. Amongst the numerous surface modification techniques available, plasma surface modification affords device manufacturers a flexible and environmentally friendly process that enables tailoring of the surface morphology, structure, composition, and properties of the material to a specific need. There are a vast range of possible applications of plasma modification in biomaterial applications, however, the focus of this review paper is on processes that can be used to develop surface morphologies and chemical structures for the prevention of adhesion and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of in-dwelling medical devices. As such, the fundamental principles of bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation are also discussed. Functional organic plasma polymerised coatings are also discussed for their potential as biosensitive interfaces, connecting inorganic/metallic electronic devices with their physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Bazaka
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Merchan M, Sedlarikova J, Sedlarik V, Machovsky M, Svobodova J, Saha P. Antibacterial polyvinyl chloride/antibiotic films: The effect of solvent on morphology, antibacterial activity, and release kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Asadinezhad A, Novák I, Lehocký M, Bílek F, Vesel A, Junkar I, Sáha P, Popelka A. Polysaccharides coatings on medical-grade PVC: a probe into surface characteristics and the extent of bacterial adhesion. Molecules 2010; 15:1007-27. [PMID: 20335959 PMCID: PMC6263189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15021007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical-grade polyvinyl chloride was coated by polysaccharides through a novel physicochemical approach. An initial surface activation was performed foremost via diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma in air at ambient temperature and pressure. Then, radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid through grafting-from pathway was directed to render a well-defined brush of high density, and finally a chitosan monolayer and chitosan/pectin alternating multilayer were bound onto the functionalized surfaces. Surface characteristics were systematically investigated using several probe techniques. In vitro bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation assays indicated that a single chitosan layer was incapable of hindering the adhesion of a Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strain, while up to 30% reduction was achieved by the chitosan/pectin layered assembly. On the other hand, chitosan and chitosan/pectin multilayer could retard Escherichia coli adhesion by 50% and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, plasma treated and graft copolymerized samples were also found effective to diminish the degree of adherence of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asadinezhad
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, T.G.M Sq. 275, 762 72 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Novák
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Lehocký
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín, T.G.M. Sq. 5555, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: ; Tel.: +420 608616048; Fax: +420 576031444
| | - František Bílek
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, T.G.M Sq. 275, 762 72 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Plasma Laboratory, Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ita Junkar
- Plasma Laboratory, Department of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petr Sáha
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, T.G.M Sq. 275, 762 72 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Popelka
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Asadinezhad A, Novák I, Lehocký M, Sedlarík V, Vesel A, Junkar I, Sáha P, Chodák I. An in vitro bacterial adhesion assessment of surface-modified medical-grade PVC. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77:246-56. [PMID: 20189783 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Medical-grade polyvinyl chloride was surface modified by a multistep physicochemical approach to improve bacterial adhesion prevention properties. This was fulfilled via surface activation by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma followed by radical graft copolymerization of acrylic acid through surface-initiated pathway to render a structured high density brush. Three known antibacterial agents, bronopol, benzalkonium chloride, and chlorhexidine, were then individually coated onto functionalized surface to induce biological properties. Various modern surface probe techniques were employed to explore the effects of the modification steps. In vitro bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation assay was performed. Escherichia coli strain was found to be more susceptible to modifications rather than Staphylococcus aureus as up to 85% reduction in adherence degree of the former was observed upon treating with above antibacterial agents, while only chlorhexidine could retard the adhesion of the latter by 50%. Also, plasma treated and graft copolymerized samples were remarkably effective to diminish the adherence of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Asadinezhad
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, T.G.M. Sq. 275, 762 72 Zlín, Czech Republic
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McCoy CP, Cowley JF, Gorman SP, Andrews GP, Jones DS. Reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation on PVC through covalent surface attachment of fluorinated thiols. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.09.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study reports the development, characterisation and microbiological testing of surface-modified polyvinylchloride (PVC) films for the purpose of reducing bacterial adherence.
Methods
Irreversible covalent surface modification was achieved via nucleophilic substitution of fluorinated thiol-terminated compounds onto the polymer backbone. Four fluorinated modifiers, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorothiophenol (TFTP), 4-(trifluoromethyl)thiophenol (TFMTP), 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol (BTFMBT) and 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluoro-decane-1-thiol (HDFDT), were investigated. Modification was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy; Raman mapping demonstrated that modification was homogenous on the macroscopic scale. The influence of fluorination on surface hydrophobicity was studied by contact angle analysis. The effect on microbial adherence was examined using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
Key findings
The resultant changes in contact angle relative to control PVC ranged from −4° to +14°. In all cases, adherence of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was significantly reduced relative to control PVC, with adherence levels ranging from 62% and 51% for TFTP-modified PVC to 32% and 7% for TFMTP-modified PVC.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate an important method in reducing the incidence of bacterial infection in PVC medical devices without compromising mechanical properties.
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Lichter JA, Van Vliet KJ, Rubner MF. Design of Antibacterial Surfaces and Interfaces: Polyelectrolyte Multilayers as a Multifunctional Platform. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901356s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A. Lichter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Michael F. Rubner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Herzberg M, Rezene TZ, Ziemba C, Gillor O, Mathee K. Impact of higher alginate expression on deposition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in radial stagnation point flow and reverse osmosis systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:7376-7383. [PMID: 19848149 DOI: 10.1021/es901095u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have major impact on biofouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. On one hand, EPS can reduce membrane permeability and on the other, EPS production by the primary colonizers may influence their deposition and attachment rate and subsequently affect the biofouling propensity of the membrane. The role of bacterial exopolysaccharides in bacterial deposition followed by the biofouling potential of an RO membrane was evaluated using an alginate overproducing (mucoid) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mucoid P. aeruginosa PAOmucA22 was compared with its isogenic nonmucoid prototypic parent PAO1 microscopically in a radial stagnation point flow (RSPF) system for their bacterial deposition characteristics. Then, biofouling potential of PAO1 and PAOmucA22 was determined in a crossflow rectangular plate-and-frame membrane cell, in which the strains were cultivated on a thin-film composite, polyamide, flat RO membrane coupon (LFC-1) under laminar flow conditions. In the RSPF system, the observed deposition rate of the mucoid strain was between 5- and 10-fold lower than of the wild type using either synthetic wastewater medium (with ionic strength of 14.7 mM and pH 7.4) or 15 mM KCl solution (pH of 6.2). The slower deposition rate of the mucoid strain is explained by 5- to 25-fold increased hydrophilicity of the mucoid strain as compared to the isogenic wild type, PAO1. Corroborating with these results, a significant delay in the onset of biofouling of the RO membrane was observed when the mucoid strain was used as the membrane colonizer, in which the observed time for the induced permeate flux decline was delayed (ca. 2-fold). In conclusion, the lower initial cell attachment of the mucoid strain decelerated biofouling of the RO membrane. Bacterial deposition and attachment is a critical step in biofilm formation and governed by intimate interactions between outer membrane proteins of the bacteria and the surface. Shielding these interactions by a hydrated and hydrophilic alginate capsule is shown to dramatically lessen the biofouling potential of the membrane colonizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Herzberg
- Department of Desalination and Water Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
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Wilson AM, Gray DM, Thomas JG. Increases in endotracheal tube resistance are unpredictable relative to duration of intubation. Chest 2009; 136:1006-1013. [PMID: 19411293 DOI: 10.1378/chest.08-1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulated secretions after intubation can affect the resistance of an endotracheal tube (ETT). Our objective was to measure extubated patient tubes and size-matched controls to evaluate differences in resistance. METHODS New ETTs, with internal diameters of 7.0 through 8.5 mm, were tested as controls to establish the resistance of each size group as measured by pressure drop. Measurements were obtained using a mass flowmeter and pressure transducer. Pressure drop was measured at three flow rates. Seventy-one patient ETTs were evaluated after extubation by an identical method and compared with controls. RESULTS In each control group, pressure drop was tightly clustered with low variation and no overlap between sizes. A total of 73 to 79% of the patient ETTs had a pressure drop of > 3 SDs of size-matched controls at all flow rates. Pressure drop in 48 to 56% (across three flow rates) of extubated tubes was equivalent to the next smaller size of controls. At 60 and 90 L/min, 10% and 15% of patient tubes, respectively, had the pressure drop of a control tube three sizes smaller. The pressure drop was unpredictable relative to the duration of intubation. CONCLUSIONS Organized secretions can significantly increase resistance as measured by the pressure drop of ETTs. The degree of change was highly variable, occurs in all sizes, and was unrelated to the duration of intubation. The performance of an ETT may be comparable to new tubes one to four sizes smaller. This may impact the tolerance of ventilator weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Wilson
- Departments of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
| | - Dana M Gray
- Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Al-Ahmad A, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Carvalho C, Lang M, Follo M, Braun G, Wittmer A, Mülhaupt R, Hellwig E. Bacterial andCandida albicansadhesion on rapid prototyping-produced 3D-scaffolds manufactured as bone replacement materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:933-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Boks NP, Norde W, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Forces involved in bacterial adhesion to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2008; 154:3122-3133. [PMID: 18832318 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/018622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using a parallel-plate flow chamber, the hydrodynamic shear forces to prevent bacterial adhesion (F(prev)) and to detach adhering bacteria (F(det)) were evaluated for hydrophilic glass, hydrophobic, dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS)-coated glass and six different bacterial strains, in order to test the following three hypotheses. 1. A strong hydrodynamic shear force to prevent adhesion relates to a strong hydrodynamic shear force to detach an adhering organism. 2. A weak hydrodynamic shear force to detach adhering bacteria implies that more bacteria will be stimulated to detach by passing an air-liquid interface (an air bubble) through the flow chamber. 3. DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek) interactions determine the characteristic hydrodynamic shear forces to prevent adhesion and to detach adhering micro-organisms as well as the detachment induced by a passing air-liquid interface. F(prev) varied from 0.03 to 0.70 pN, while F(det) varied from 0.31 to over 19.64 pN, suggesting that after initial contact, strengthening of the bond occurs. Generally, it was more difficult to detach bacteria from DDS-coated glass than from hydrophilic glass, which was confirmed by air bubble detachment studies. Calculated attractive forces based on the DLVO theory (F(DLVO)) towards the secondary interaction minimum were higher on glass than on DDS-coated glass. In general, all three hypotheses had to be rejected, showing that it is important to distinguish between forces acting parallel (hydrodynamic shear) and perpendicular (DLVO, air-liquid interface passages) to the substratum surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels P Boks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Norde
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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