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Nayyar A, Ahmed S. Genotype frequency and use of single nucleotide polymorphisms for detection of informative allele by polymerase chain reaction. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1567-1571. [PMID: 33235576 PMCID: PMC7674877 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.7.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine genotype frequency of biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms and its use in detection of informative allele in donor/recipient pairs (sibling pairs) having undergone haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with various haematological disorders using a PCR based method. Methods This descriptive study was conducted at GRC Lab Rawalpindi from Jan 2018- Oct 2019.A total of twenty donor/ recipient pairs (sibling pairs) were studied for genotype frequency and informativeness of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and amplification of single nucleotide polymorphisms was done by PCR based method. The amplified DNA was seen by electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide gel. Results A sharp band of DNA on the polyacrylamide gel indicated a positive reaction. At least two or more informative SNP markers were found in every sibling pair. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that PCR amplification of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using single nucleotide polymorphism has allowed the successful screening and detection of informative allele in all the donor/recipient pairs. (Sibling pairs). This PCR based assay using SNPs appears to be a quick, simple, reliable and technically feasible method for a use in a Pakistani setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Nayyar
- Dr. Ayesha Nayyar, M.Phil. Department of Pathology, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Suhaib Ahmed
- Prof. Dr. Suhaib Ahmed, FCPS, PhD, Department of Pathology, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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2
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Cechova H, Pavlatova L, Leontovycova M, Vrana M. Suitable Molecular Genetic Methods for the Monitoring of Cell Chimerism. Rare Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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3
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Cechova H, Leontovycova M, Pavlatova L. Chimerism as an important marker in post-transplant monitoring chimerism monitoring. HLA 2019; 92 Suppl 2:60-63. [PMID: 30362266 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell chimerism determination is important for the monitoring of engraftment dynamics and for relapse prediction. Our cohort of 474 patients was divided into two groups according to the determination methods used over time, and by their chimerism status. A significant difference in survival was observed between mixed vs complete chimerism (P < 0.0001 vs P < 0.0002) in both patient groups, and also vs microchimerism (P = 0.0201) in the second group. Detection of mixed chimerism is thus a high-risk factor, and microchimerism is potentially a risk factor in the post-transplantation course. Methods with a high sensitivity for monitoring cell chimerism significantly improve the assessment of patients post-transplant, and they enable the identification of patients with high relapse risk. Supported by MH CZ-DRO (00023736, UHKT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Cechova
- HLA department, The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Leontovycova
- HLA department, The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Pavlatova
- HLA department, The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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4
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Nadvornikova S, Leontovycova M, Pegova K, Hrabakova P, Prerovska R, Cechova H. Multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hematopoietic chimerism. HLA 2019; 92:215-223. [PMID: 30129247 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The increase of mixed chimerism (MC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been associated with a high risk of relapse. A variety of techniques that use polymorphic markers have been established to survey hematopoietic chimerism status. The highest sensitivity is achieved using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) analysis of insertion/deletion polymorphism, which allows the detection of disease recurrence and subsequently the earlier initiation of therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of multiplex RQ-PCR for MC assessment (six biallelic genetic systems and Y-specific locus), allowing the amplification and detection of target gene of interest and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reference housekeeping gene in a single microtube. With optimized amounts of primers and probe, the quantification of target DNA was shown to be linear throughout the tested range (100%-0.05%). The efficiencies of multiplex RQ-PCR were in a range of 0.89 to 1.07. The sensitivity of individual systems ranged 0.02% to 0.04% with an average of 0.034%. A high degree of linear correlation between the chimerism results obtained by multiplex RQ-PCR vs singleplex RQ-PCR was observed (P < 0.0001, Spearman's coefficient = 0.9927), while correlation between multiplex RQ-PCR vs short tandem repeat analysis was also statistically significant (P < 0.0001, Spearman's coefficient = 0.9769). This new multiplex RQ-PCR assay is a quick, sensitive, reproducible, and cost-effective method for accurate MC assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristyna Pegova
- The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Hrabakova
- The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Prerovska
- The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Cechova
- The Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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5
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Monitoring of pediatric patients with malignant hematological diseases after allogeneic HSCT: Serbian experience. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2012; 34:e253-7. [PMID: 22543520 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e31824872bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the implementation of short tandem repeats-polymerase chain reaction (STR-PCR) chimerism analyses coupled with reverse transcription PCR detection of recurrent translocations characteristic for childhood leukemia in monitoring of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Serbia and the first clinical results thereof. Chimerism and minimal residual disease were regularly analyzed from blood and marrow samples of 26 pediatric patients taken after stem cell transplantation with a median follow-up of 17.6 months. Our results demonstrate that STR-based chimerism monitoring is sufficient in establishing the origin of engrafted cells after transplantation and in detecting graft rejection, but more specific and more sensitive method is necessary for identifying patients with threatening leukemia relapse.
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6
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Guilhot F, Roy L, Martineua G, Guilhot J, Millot F. Immunotherapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 7 Suppl 2:S64-70. [PMID: 17382015 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2007.s.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is one of the leukemic disorders more responsive to immunotherapy. Interferon-based regimens were the first treatment to produce complete cytogenetic responses, and this agent has been classified as an immunotherapeutic agent. Although most patients are now treated with imatinib as first-line therapy, a combination of interferon and imatinib could increase the rate of molecular responses and prevent patients from experiencing relapse. Thus, large phase III trials are currently exploring this strategy. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation also involves the immune system, with fewer patients in relapse in case they experience graft-versushost disease. Vaccine strategies are also promising with phase II ongoing trials. These vaccine strategies include the use of oligopeptides derived from the Bcr-Abl junction. Initial results indicate a good safety profile of these therapies in patients exhibiting complete cytogenetic response and molecular responses. These 3 different approaches of immunotherapy are described herein. Although these results obtained with imatinib are promising, this tyrosine kinase inhibitor does not eradicate leukemic stem cells. Thus, immunotherapeutic strategies are still being investigated in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guilhot
- Department of Oncology-Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinical Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France. e-mail:
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7
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Koldehoff M, Steckel NK, Hlinka M, Beelen DW, Elmaagacli AH. Quantitative analysis of chimerism after allogeneic stem cell transplantation by real-time polymerase chain reaction with single nucleotide polymorphisms, standard tandem repeats, and Y-chromosome-specific sequences. Am J Hematol 2006; 81:735-46. [PMID: 16838323 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We compared the results of chimerism analyses with real-time SNP-PCR to those obtained by the classical STR-PCR method in 135 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Using 10 different SNP gene loci, the SNP-PCR method was able to discriminate patient from donor cells in 125 of 135 cases (93%), whereas the use of 11 different STR gene loci with the STR-PCR analysis using agarose or polyacrylamide gel resolution resulted in accurate donor-host discrimination in all patients. Of the 470 analyzed samples we found in 74% concordant results for both chimerism methods. In all 26% discordant cases the SNP-chimerism method showed mixed chimerism (MC), whereas the STR-method found complete chimerism (CC). As a consequence, the SNP-PCR chimerism analysis method detected a MC prior to the occurrence of relapse significantly earlier than the STR-PCR chimerism method (120 vs. 30 days, P < 0.007). The probability of relapses was significantly higher in patients with increasing MC (70%) compared to 30% in patients with CC (P < 0.00001) associated with a significantly shorter overall survival in patients with increasing MC. The multivariate Cox model showed that chimerism analsis with SNP-PCR was the only significant risk factor predicting relapse (RR 6.08, P < 0.0001).Furthermore, we analyzed the chimerism status in male recipients with a female donor in 580 samples of 134 patients using quantitative real-time PCR of Y-chromosome-specific sequences and compared the results with interphase XY-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). MC without signs of relapse was detected in 35% of samples using quantitative real-time PCR of Y-chromosome-specific sequences. The detected Y-DNA amounts were low compared to the amounts detected in 104 samples of 42 patients with leukemic relapse at the time of analysis (P < 0.0001). Quantitative real-time PCR of Y-chromosome-specific sequences detected therefore an increasing MC with high residual host DNA amounts approximately 143 days (mean) prior to the occurrence of relapse. By comparing the results of Y-chromosome PCR with the XY-FISH analysis we found concordant results in 73% in patients with myeloablative regimens. The XY-FISH could detect 12 relapses, whereas the Y-chromosome PCR detect 36 relapses by MC (P < 0.005). Residual host cells gradually decreased during the posttransplant period from a mean of 5.4 ng (first months) to 0.5 ng (above 5 years) without evidence of relapses. The probability of relapses was significantly higher in patients with increasing MC (100%) compared to 8% in patients with CC (P < 0.00001) associated with a significantly shorter overall survival in patients with increasing MC. The multivariate Cox model showed that chimerism analysis of Y-chromosome-specific sequences is an important risk factor for relapse (RR 17.0, P < 0.0001). We conclude that the use of real-time SNP or Y-PCR may be superior to the STR-PCR or interphase XY-FISH methods in detecting patients who are at high risk for relapse after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koldehoff
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany.
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8
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Yoshimi A, Bader P, Matthes-Martin S, Starý J, Sedlacek P, Duffner U, Klingebiel T, Dilloo D, Holter W, Zintl F, Kremens B, Sykora KW, Urban C, Hasle H, Korthof E, Révész T, Fischer A, Nöllke P, Locatelli F, Niemeyer CM. Donor leukocyte infusion after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2005; 19:971-7. [PMID: 15800672 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of early childhood. In all, 21 patients with JMML who received donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for either mixed chimerism (MC, n=7) or relapse (n=14) were studied. Six patients had been transplanted from an HLA-matched sibling and 15 from other donors. Six of the 21 patients (MC: 3/7 patients; relapse: 3/14 patients) responded to DLI. Response rate was significantly higher in patients receiving a higher total T-cell dose (> or =1 x 10(7)/kg) and in patients with an abnormal karyotype. None of the six patients receiving DLI from a matched sibling responded. Response was observed in five of six patients who did and in one of 15 children who did not develop acute graft-versus-host disease following DLI (P=0.01). The overall outcome was poor even for the responders. Only one of the responders is alive in remission, two relapsed, and three died of complications. In conclusion, this study shows that some cases of JMML may be sensitive to DLI, this providing evidence for a graft-versus-leukemia effect in JMML. Infusion of a high number of T cells, strategies to reduce toxicity, and cytoreduction prior to DLI may improve the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoshimi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany.
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9
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Tews B, Wilhelm J, Summerer D, Strerath M, Marx A, Friedhoff P, Pingoud A, Hahn M. Application of the C4'-alkylated deoxyribose primer system (CAPS) in allele-specific real-time PCR for increased selectivity in discrimination of single nucleotide sequence variants. Biol Chem 2004; 384:1533-41. [PMID: 14669997 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a quantitative real-time PCR-based approach for discrimination of single nucleotide sequence variants, called CAPS (C4' alkylated primer system). To increase the discrimination potential of DNA polymerases against competing sequence variants of single nucleotides, 3'-terminally modified primers were designed carrying a methyl residue bound to the C4' of the thymidylate deoxyribose. In a model sequence system positional dependencies of modified thymidylate (at -1, -2, -3) were tested for their influence on discrimination. Highest discrimination factors were obtained with the modification at the ultimate 3'-position. In a comparison between Taq and Pwo DNA polymerases, substantial better results were obtained by Taq DNA polymerase. In contrast to conventional PCR methods for discrimination of sequence variants, achieving a maximum discrimination potential of about 20, CAPS is capable of obtaining sequence-specific amplifications of a desired target among discriminated templates with a dynamic range of 1:100. Therefore, CAPS is a method able to quantitatively discriminate two sequence variants only differing in a single base (e.g., SNP alleles or point mutations). The range of applications of this easy to perform, fast and reliable technique reaches from medical diagnostics, transplantation medicine, molecular and cell biology to human genetics. Targeting of SNPs assures a universal exertion of this method, since these markers are gender-independent, highly abundant and ubiquitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Tews
- Institut für Biochemie, FB 08, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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10
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Kim YJ, Kim DW, Lee S, Chung NG, Hwang JY, Kim YL, Min CK, Kim CC. Preemptive treatment of minimal residual disease post transplant in CML using real-time quantitative RT-PCR: a prospective, randomized trial. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33:535-42. [PMID: 14716340 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy in the form of donor lymphocyte infusions in early-phase relapse might be advantageous as it induces a higher response, but this may be offset by increased toxicity, especially during the early period after transplantation. Among 45 consecutive patients receiving an allograft for CML, 13 patients were diagnosed to have molecular relapse (MRel), as defined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and another four patients were diagnosed to have cytogenetic relapse (CRel) within 6 months. Patients with MRel were randomly assigned to either a 'no therapy' group (group A, n=6), in which immunotherapy was reserved until CRel, or an 'immunotherapy' group (group B, n=7). In group A, all MRel progressed to CRel, and molecular remission (MR) was achieved in four (67%) after immunotherapy. The remaining two patients died of extensive GVHD and fungal pneumonia. In group B, only two MRel progressed to CRel and the remaining five (71%) achieved MR. Two patients died in the absence or loss of response. In patients relapsing directly into CRel (n=4), immunotherapy induced MR in two patients (50%). Earlier intervention played a role in preventing disease progression but this effect was not translated into better survival, which could have been overcome by imatinib mesylate, which induced MR and cytogenetic remission in nonresponders without toxicity.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Benzamides
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/mortality
- Neoplasm, Residual/therapy
- Piperazines/administration & dosage
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prospective Studies
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- Recurrence
- Remission Induction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Analysis
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Druker BJ, O'Brien SG, Cortes J, Radich J. Chronic myelogenous leukemia. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2003:111-35. [PMID: 12446421 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2002.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment options for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) continue to evolve rapidly. Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec, formerly STI571) has continued to show remarkable clinical benefits and the updated results with this agent are reviewed. As relapses using single agent imatinib have occurred, particularly in advanced phase patients, the issue of whether combinations of other antileukemic agents with imatinib may yield improved results is addressed. In addition, data on new agents that have potential in the treatment of CML are reviewed. These agents are presented in the context of their molecular mechanism of action. The most recent data for stem cell transplantation, along with advances in nonmyeloablative transplants, are also reviewed. In Section I, Drs. Stephen O'Brien and Brian Druker update the current status of clinical trials with imatinib and review ongoing investigations into mechanisms of resistance and combinations of imatinib with other agents. They also present their views on integration of imatinib with other therapies. In Section II, Dr. Jorge Cortes describes the most recent data on novel therapies for CML, including farnesyl transferase inhibitors, arsenic trioxide, decitabine, and troxatyl, among others. These agents are discussed in the context of their molecular mechanism of action and rationale for use. In Section III, Dr. Jerald Radich updates the results of stem cell transplants for CML, including emerging data on nonmyeloablative transplants. He also presents data on using microarrays to stratify patients into molecularly defined risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Druker
- University of Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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12
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Thiele J, Wickenhauser C, Kvasnicka HM, Varus E, Schneider C, Müller H, Beelen DW. Mixed chimerism of erythro- and megakaryopoiesis following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Acta Haematol 2003; 109:176-83. [PMID: 12853689 DOI: 10.1159/000070966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2002] [Accepted: 12/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Until now, studies on mixed chimerism (MCh) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have predominantly focused on the B- and T-lymphocyte population, but not on distinct myeloid cell lineages like nucleated erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes. To evaluate the lineage-restricted MCh more explicitly in 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), a quantitative analysis was performed on bone marrow biopsies following a sex-mismatched host/donor constellation. Techniques included immunophenotyping (antiglycophorin C, CD61) for the identification of erythro- and megakaryopoiesis and a simultaneously conducted genotyping with x- and y-chromosome-specific DNA probes. Normal bone marrow and specimens taken before BMT served as controls. Contrasting a total gender-dependent sex-typing in the latter samples in the early and late posttransplant period (up to 586 days), 3-9% erythroid precursors and about 16% megakaryocytes revealed a host-type origin. This significantly higher number of host megakaryocytes is explained by their polyploidy generating an increased probability to detect positive signals at a certain section level of the corresponding biopsies. A striking conversion of MCh to a recipient cell type was found in leukemic relapse with a more than 90% host-derived erythroid and megakaryocytic cell population in 4 patients approximately 643 days after BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thiele
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Germany.
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13
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Madeo D, Cappellari A, Castaman G, Raimondi R, Rodeghiero F. Multiplex amplification and fluorimetric detection of short tandem repeats for mixed chimerism after bone marrow transplant. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44:1395-404. [PMID: 12952234 DOI: 10.1080/1042819031000083000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the clinical application of a simple method for mixed chimerism analysis after allogeneic bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplant. A commercial kit which enables multiplex amplification of 9 highly polymorphic short tandem repeats in a single reaction tube was used. Molecular size and relative quantities of each amplified fragment are subsequently measured using an automated fluorimeter. The sensitivity and linearity were tested using whole blood or genomic DNA from two subjects, mixed in various proportions from 0.25% to 99.75%. In 70 donor-recipient pairs the median number of informative alleles for the assessment of relapse was 5.9 (range 3-11). Results showed that the linearity between the measured and expected relative quantities of amplified DNA showed a regression coefficient of 0.99 in the interval 10-90%. The mean sensitivity was 1.5% (range 0.5-2.5), greater than previously reported. A total of 70 cases of allogeneic transplant (49 with family and 21 with unrelated donors) were monitored before transplant and after 1, 2, 4, 6 or 12 months thereafter and then at 6 months intervals (range 6-36). In 18 patients mixed chimerism was observed 1 month from transplant, with donor allele percentage ranging from 1 to 6%. Fragment dimension reproducibility (CV 0.34, range 0.52-0.66) was confirmed by an internal DNA control and by amelogenin fragment length repeatability on all patients. In conclusion, the proposed method is sufficiently simple, rapid, sensible, specific and cost effective for the evaluation of mixed chimerism after BM or PBSC transplant in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Madeo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, via Rodolfi, 37, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.
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14
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Wilhelm J, Reuter H, Tews B, Pingoud A, Hahn M. Detection and quantification of insertion/deletion variations by allele-specific real-time PCR: application for genotyping and chimerism analysis. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1423-33. [PMID: 12437135 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-based quantitative analysis of genetic chimerism is becoming increasingly more important for molecular biology in general and molecular medicine in particular. Useful genomic targets for these analyses are polymorphic sequences, but here the problem of a reliable quantification with high dynamic range is not yet satisfactorily solved. To this end we have combined the allele-specific amplification with a real-time PCR-based quantification for rapid allelotyping and chimerism analysis. The sequence variations are discriminated by the 3'-end of the allele-specific primer. Amplification is monitored by SYBR-Green I fluorescence. We demonstrate the efficiency of this method for two clinically relevant targets: (i) the 10 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter of the factor VIIc (F-VIIc) gene and (ii) the 4G/5G single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene. Both polymorphisms are associated with clinical risk factors. Allelotyping results were in complete agreement with those obtained by reference methods. Mixed chimeric DNA samples could be quantified reliably with a dynamic range of 1:3000 for an easy target (F-VIIc) and of 1:64 for a difficult target (PAI-1). Our protocol is particularly useful for rapid, reliable and inexpensive genotyping and quantitative chimerism analysis without requiring expensive fluorophor dye labelled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Wilhelm
- Institut für Biochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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15
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Alizadeh M, Bernard M, Danic B, Dauriac C, Birebent B, Lapart C, Lamy T, Le Prisé PY, Beauplet A, Bories D, Semana G, Quelvennec E. Quantitative assessment of hematopoietic chimerism after bone marrow transplantation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Blood 2002; 99:4618-25. [PMID: 12036896 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.12.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using TaqMan technology (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) for monitoring donor cell engraftment in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. For this purpose, we selected 19 specific sequence polymorphisms belonging to 11 human biallelic loci located on 9 different chromosomes. Using a set of specially designed primers and fluorogenic probes, we evaluated the 19 markers' informativity on a panel of 126 DNA samples from 63 recipient/donor pairs. In more than 90% of these pairs, discrimination between recipient and donor genetic profile was possible. By using serial dilutions of mixed DNAs, we evaluated the linearity and sensitivity of the method. A linear correlation with r higher than 0.98 and a sensitivity of 0.1% proved reproducible. Fluorescent-based PCR of short tandem repeats (STR-PCR) and real-time PCR chimerism assay were compared with a panel of artificial cell mixtures. The main advantage of the real-time PCR method over STR-PCR chimerism assays is the absence of PCR competition and plateau biases, and results evidenced greater sensitivity and linearity with the real-time PCR method. Furthermore, different samples can be tested in the same PCR run with a final result in fewer than 48 hours. Finally, we prospectively analyzed patients who received allografts and present 4 different clinical situations that illustrate the informativity level of our method. In conclusion, this new assay provides an accurate quantitative assessment of mixed chimerism that can be useful in guiding early implementation of additional treatments in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Alizadeh
- Laboratoire Universitaire d'Immunologie, UPRES EA 1257-IFR 97, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
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16
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Bagg A. Chronic myeloid leukemia: a minimalistic view of post-therapeutic monitoring. J Mol Diagn 2002; 4:1-10. [PMID: 11826183 PMCID: PMC1906972 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-1578(10)60675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2001] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Drug Monitoring
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Interferons/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/diagnosis
- Neoplasm, Residual/drug therapy
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283, USA.
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17
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Wickenhauser C, Thiele J, Pérez F, Varus E, Stoffel MS, Kvasnicka HM, Beelen DW, Schaefer UW. Mixed chimerism of the resident macrophage population after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Transplantation 2002; 73:104-11. [PMID: 11792988 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200201150-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow macrophages have been recognized to play a crucial role in the functional network that constitutes the microenvironment. In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), neoplastic macrophages are presumably responsible for the expansion of the leukemic cell clone. So far, no information is available about a persistence of host-type macrophages after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) implicating a lineage-specific mixed chimerism. METHODS Bone marrow trephine biopsies were investigated in eight male and five female patients with CML after BMT after a sex-mismatched host/donor constellation. Techniques included immunophenotyping (CD68) for identification of resident macrophages and a simultaneous genotyping with X- and Y-chromosome-specific DNA-probes (fluorescence in situ hybridization). Normal bone marrow and specimens of CML patients before BMT served as controls. RESULTS Contrasting an almost 100% congruence with the genotyping in the controls, a mixed chimerism of the CD68+ macrophages and the other host myeloid cells was found. Until 3 months after BMT, incidence of host-type macrophages ranged from 8% to 10%. This feature was also identifiable in the peculiar subset of pseudo-Gaucher cells (PGCs). The number of host-type macrophages failed to decline significantly during the early posttransplant period, because after almost 4 months these were still detectable. On the other hand, in patients showing an initial-to-manifest leukemic relapse, an insidious conversion of up to 50% from the donor to host-type macrophages and myeloid cells occurred. CONCLUSIONS The CD68+ resident bone marrow macrophage population including PGCs are involved in the lineage-specific chimerism and minimal residual disease after BMT in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmannstr. 9, D-50924 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Gleissner B, Blau IW, Sindram A, Reinhardt R, Knauf W, Thiel E. Analysis of chimerism during the early period after allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY HAEMATOLOGY 2001; 23:401-6. [PMID: 11843889 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2257.2001.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As there are few reports on early evaluation of chimerism, we assessed fluorescence short tandem repeats (STR) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to analyse donor and recipient characteristics at early time points after peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Peripheral blood of 13 patients was analysed in 1- to 2-day intervals starting from the day of PBSCT. Donor and recipient allelic patterns were determined by a commercially available multiplex STR assay that simultaneously evaluates four or five gene loci. Mixed chimerism appeared in all patients during days 1-9 after transplantation and preceded haematologic engraftment for 3-12 days. Even patients without myeloablative conditioning therapy (n=4) revealed donor allelic patterns within 1-5 days. Nine patients changed during the following days to a complete donor allelic pattern and had an uncomplicated post-transplant disease course. Four patients did not consistently retain complete donor chimerism; two of them relapsed within the next 3 months, one died from septicemia within 7 days, and the fourth, transplanted for aplastic anaemia, is still in complete remission. Overall, STR analysis using a simple and comparatively cheap multiplex system permits the detection of chimerism very early after transplantation and may provide relevant information that correlates with the clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gleissner
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University of Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Moravcová J, Nádvorníková S, Sieglová Z, Formánková R, Krsková T, Dvoráková R, Brdicka R. Do transcriptionally silent BCR-ABL cells persist in CML patients in molecular remission after stem cell transplantation? Leukemia 2001; 15:997-9. [PMID: 11417494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Cell Survival
- Chimera
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Male
- Minisatellite Repeats
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Remission Induction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Transcription, Genetic
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